Tunnel ventilation device

Abstract

The application belongs to the field of cave construction, and particularly discloses a cave ventilation device, which comprises a supply fan installed outside an operation roadway, an upper sealing plate detachably connected to the upper end of a ventilation shaft, a lower sealing plate detachably connected to the lower end of the ventilation shaft, a supply pipe communicated between the supply fan and the upper sealing plate, and an air outlet pipe communicated with the lower sealing plate; the upper sealing plate comprises a guide part in the shape of an inverted circular truncated cone and a mounting part fixed to the upper end of the guide part, the outer diameter of the upper end of the guide part is larger than that of the upper end of the ventilation shaft, the outer diameter of the lower end of the guide part is smaller than that of the lower end of the ventilation shaft, the outer diameter of the mounting part is larger than that of the upper end of the guide part, and the outer wall of the guide part is provided with a sealing gasket. The scheme can solve the problem that the dirty air discharged from the operation shaft is easy to enter the ventilation shaft communicated therewith and circulate back into the cave, thereby causing poor ventilation effect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of cave construction, and particularly relates to a cave ventilation device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The cave refers to a underground space excavated in a rock mass for storing crude oil or other substances. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the cave usually includes several caverns 4 connected by connecting passages 7, and a vertical connecting passage 7 is arranged between the top of the cavern 4 and the ground 1 to facilitate the construction (referred to as an operation shaft 3) or the communication with the ground 1 for ventilation (referred to as a ventilation shaft 2) from the ground 1 to the cave, the ventilation shaft 2 is used for introducing fresh air into the cavern 4, and the fresh air sucked by the fan 6 arranged in the ventilation shaft 2 and the air in the cavern 4 are replaced and discharged from the operation shaft 3 or the construction roadway 5 (referring to a special passage 25 from the ground 1 to the cavern 4 to meet the needs of equipment passing, slag discharge, ventilation, water supply and drainage, power supply, personnel passing, etc. during construction), Figure 1 The arrow indicates the direction of air flow.

[0003] Some caves are located in mountainous areas, for example, oil caves are usually built in mountainous areas, which do not occupy arable land and have good concealment effect, but due to the steep terrain in mountainous areas, the distance from the position of the operation shaft 3 and the ventilation shaft 2 to the ground 1 is usually large, that is, the operation shaft 3 and the ventilation shaft 2 need to be excavated to a large depth, which is not conducive to construction safety and has a high cost. Figure 2 As shown in the figure, Figure 2 The arrow indicates the direction of air flow, and a transverse operation roadway 8 is usually excavated on the mountain 9, as long as the entrance of the operation roadway 8 has a certain area of plane to facilitate the work of the staff, the operation roadway 8 is connected with the ventilation shaft 2 and the operation shaft 3, but since the ventilation shaft 2 and the operation shaft 3 are connected with the operation roadway 8, the dirty air discharged from the operation shaft 3 is easy to enter the ventilation shaft 2 connected therewith when discharged into the operation roadway 8, and circulates back to the cave, resulting in poor ventilation effect, and if a ventilation pipe is installed in the ventilation shaft 2 to directly communicate with the fresh air outside the operation roadway 8 to avoid the dirty air in the operation roadway 8 from entering, a long ventilation pipe is also needed, and the ventilation pipe is in the vertical ventilation shaft 2, which is not convenient for maintenance, and if maintenance is needed, it needs to be operated in the shaft, which has safety risks. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present application provides a cave ventilation device to solve the problem that the dirty air discharged from the operation shaft is easy to enter the ventilation shaft connected therewith when discharged into the operation roadway, and circulates back to the cave, resulting in poor ventilation effect.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The tunnel ventilation device comprises a supply fan installed outside the operation roadway, an upper sealing plate detachably connected to the upper end of the ventilation shaft, a lower sealing plate detachably connected to the lower end of the ventilation shaft, a supply pipe communicated between the supply fan and the upper sealing plate, and an exhaust pipe communicated on the lower sealing plate.

[0007] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0008] 1. The upper and lower ends of the ventilation shaft are sealed by the upper and lower sealing plates, so that the ventilation shaft becomes a communication passage between the supply pipe and the exhaust pipe, and no additional pipeline needs to be arranged in the ventilation shaft, and the upper and lower sealing plates are detachably connected to the upper and lower ends of the ventilation shaft, respectively, so that the installation, disassembly and maintenance are relatively convenient, and no operation in the shaft is required, thereby reducing the safety risk.

[0009] 2. The upper sealing plate is used to close the upper end of the ventilation shaft to prevent the dirty air in the operation roadway from entering the ventilation shaft, but the surrounding ground of the upper end of the ventilation shaft, i.e. the inner wall of the operation roadway, may be uneven and cannot be closely attached to the upper sealing plate to meet the sealing requirement, therefore, the upper sealing plate comprises a guide portion in the shape of a circular truncated cone, the guide portion is pressed downward to make the outer wall of the guide portion as close as possible to the inner side of the upper end of the ventilation shaft, so as to better close the upper end of the ventilation shaft, and the lower end of the mounting portion has a certain gap with the ground, compared with the case where the mounting portion is directly attached to the ground but the attachment effect is poor, in the present scheme, the gap between the lower end of the mounting portion and the ground is directly filled with a part of sealing material by the operator in the space below the mounting portion, so as to further seal.

[0010] Further, the lower end of the guide portion is fixed with an insertion portion, the outer diameter of the insertion portion is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the lower end of the guide portion, the outer wall of the insertion portion is fixed with an annular air bag, the outer wall of the air bag is fixed with a wear-resistant layer, the air bag is provided with an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole, the insertion portion is provided with a channel having two ends communicated with the air inlet hole and the supply pipe, respectively, and a pressure limiting valve is installed in the air outlet hole.

[0011] Beneficial effects: when the air supply pipe sends air into the ventilation shaft, the air enters the air bag through the channel and the air inlet, fills the air bag, and makes the air bag expand to fill the space between the insertion part and the inner wall of the ventilation shaft, further sealing the upper sealing plate and the upper end of the ventilation shaft. As long as the air supply pipe continuously sends air into the ventilation shaft, the air pressure in the ventilation shaft will make the air bag seal with the inner wall of the ventilation shaft, and the sealing effect is good.

[0012] Further, a plurality of limiting blocks for limiting the lower end of the air bag are fixed on the upper part of the ventilation shaft in the circumferential direction.

[0013] Beneficial effects: the expansion of the lower end of the air bag is limited by the limiting blocks, and the air bag is expanded as much as possible in the circumferential direction to fill the space between the insertion part and the inner wall of the ventilation shaft.

[0014] Further, an air extraction fan is installed in the chamber, the air inlet end of the air extraction fan is communicated with the air outlet pipe, the air outlet end of the air extraction fan is communicated with an air inlet pipe, and the free end of the air inlet pipe is located in the lower part of the chamber.

[0015] Beneficial effects: the fresh air sent by the air supply fan is extracted by the air extraction fan, and the air extraction fan and the air supply fan form a "front extraction and rear sending" state, which improves the circulation efficiency of the fresh air into the chamber.

[0016] The air inlet pipe is located in the lower part of the chamber, so that the fresh air enters the lower part of the chamber, and the original dirty air in the chamber is more easily pushed out from the operation shaft above the chamber.

[0017] Further, an air extraction fan is installed in the chamber, the air inlet end of the air extraction fan is communicated with the air outlet pipe, the air outlet end of the air extraction fan is communicated with an air inlet pipe, and the free end of the air inlet pipe is located in the lower part of the chamber.

[0018] Beneficial effects: the dirty air in the operation tunnel is extracted by the air extraction fan, avoiding the problem that the dirty air in the operation tunnel is not discharged in time in the case that the operation tunnel is long, especially when the staff needs to enter the operation tunnel for work, the dirty air in the operation tunnel needs to be extracted quickly.

[0019] Further, a variable diameter block is installed in the operation tunnel at a position communicated with the operation shaft, the variable diameter block is in the shape of n and the outer wall is attached to the inner wall above and on both sides of the operation tunnel.

[0020] Beneficial effects: when the air extraction fan extracts the dirty air in the operation tunnel, the dirty air flows in the operation tunnel, and the operation tunnel is regarded as a pipe. By setting the variable diameter block, the inner diameter of the operation tunnel at the operation shaft is changed. According to Bernoulli's principle, when the gas flows from a pipe with a larger inner diameter to a pipe with a smaller inner diameter, the flow rate of the gas increases, and a certain negative pressure effect is generated, which has a certain negative pressure extraction effect on the gas in the operation shaft, to assist the extraction of the gas in the operation shaft.

[0021] And the variable block is n-shaped, which has certain supporting effect on the operation roadway, and avoids the lower end of the variable block from hindering the vehicle from entering and leaving the operation roadway.

[0022] Further, the two sides of the variable block are provided with inclined surfaces, and the inclined surfaces are inclined towards the direction away from the operation shaft axis from the direction from the center of the variable block to the inner wall of the operation roadway.

[0023] Beneficial effect: the inclined surfaces provide guidance for the gas flow in the operation roadway, and reduce the resistance of the gas flow.

[0024] Further, the upper sealing plate is provided with an upper connecting hole, the air supply pipe is detachably connected in the upper connecting hole, and an upper valve is installed in the upper connecting hole; the lower sealing plate is provided with a lower connecting hole, the air outlet pipe is detachably connected in the lower connecting hole, and a lower valve is installed in the lower connecting hole.

[0025] Beneficial effect: the air supply pipe and the air outlet pipe are detachably connected, which is convenient for assembly and disassembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the background art of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the background art of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 It is an enlarged view of part A.

[0030] In the figure: 1, ground; 2, ventilation shaft; 3, operation shaft; 4, cavern; 5, construction roadway; 6, fan; 7, connecting passage; 8, operation roadway; 9, mountain; 10, air supply fan; 11, air supply pipe; 12, exhaust fan; 13, air exhaust fan; 14, air outlet pipe; 15, air inlet pipe; 16, variable block; 17, inclined surface; 19, lower sealing plate; 20, mounting portion; 21, guide portion; 22, insertion portion; 23, upper sealing plate; 24, air bag; 25, passage; 26, limiting block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings of the specification, and specific embodiments are given.

[0032] For example, Figure 2As shown, the structure of the cavern in this embodiment is as follows: it includes multiple caverns 4 connected by connecting passages 7 and an operating tunnel 8 located above the caverns 4 and in a horizontal direction. One of the caverns 4 has a ventilation shaft 2 connected to the upper end of the operating tunnel 8 and a construction tunnel 5 connected to the ground 1. The upper ends of the other caverns 4 are all connected to the operating tunnels 8 by operating shafts 3.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, the cavern ventilation system includes a blower 10 installed outside the operating tunnel 8, an upper sealing plate 23 detachably connected to the upper end of the ventilation shaft 2, a lower sealing plate 19 detachably connected to the lower end of the ventilation shaft 2, a supply pipe 11 connecting the blower 10 and the upper sealing plate 23, and an outlet pipe 14 connected to the lower sealing plate 19. Specifically, the blower 10 is fixed to the ground 1 at the entrance of the operating tunnel 8. The upper sealing plate 23 is bolted to the ground 1 on the upper circumference of the ventilation shaft 2, and the lower sealing plate 19 is bolted to the plane on the lower circumference of the ventilation shaft 2. The upper sealing plate 23 has an upper connecting hole, and the supply pipe 11 is detachably connected to the upper connecting hole. Specifically, one end of the supply pipe 11 is connected to the outlet end of the blower 10, and the other end of the supply pipe 11 is rotatably connected to an upper connecting cylinder, which is threaded into the upper connecting hole. An upper valve is installed inside the upper connecting cylinder. The lower sealing plate 19 has a lower connecting hole, and the air outlet pipe 14 is detachably connected to the lower connecting hole. Specifically, the end of the air outlet pipe 14 is also rotatably connected to a lower connecting cylinder, which is threaded into the lower connecting hole, and a lower valve is installed inside the lower connecting cylinder.

[0034] An exhaust fan 13 is installed in the cavern 4 connected to the ventilation shaft 2. The air inlet end of the exhaust fan 13 is connected to the air outlet duct 14, and the air outlet end of the exhaust fan 13 is connected to the air inlet duct 15. There are multiple air inlet ducts 15, each corresponding to and connected to one of the multiple caverns 4. Each of the multiple air inlet ducts 15 is equipped with an air inlet valve. The free end of the air inlet duct 15 is located at the lower part of the cavern 4. In actual installation, the end of the air inlet duct 15 can be fixed to the ground 1 of the cavern 4 or the lower wall of the cavern 4 using conventional installation and fixing methods in the prior art.

[0035] Combination Figure 4 As shown, the upper sealing plate 23 includes an inverted frustum-shaped guide portion 21 and a mounting portion 20 fixed to the upper end of the guide portion 21. The outer diameter of the upper end of the guide portion 21 is larger than the outer diameter of the upper end of the ventilation shaft 2, and the outer diameter of the lower end of the guide portion 21 is smaller than the outer diameter of the lower end of the ventilation shaft 2. The outer diameter of the mounting portion 20 is larger than the outer diameter of the upper end of the guide portion 21. A sealing gasket is provided on the outer wall of the guide portion 21, and the sealing gasket is made of rubber.

[0036] When the upper sealing plate 23 is installed, the guide part 21 is pressed downward, and the outer wall of the guide part 21 is as close as possible to the inner side of the upper end of the ventilation shaft 2 to better seal the upper end of the ventilation shaft 2, and then the mounting part 20 is fixed to the ground 1 by bolts, at this time, the lower end of the mounting part 20 has a certain gap with the ground 1, and part of the sealing material (such as a rubber sealing gasket or sealant) can be directly filled in the space below the mounting part 20 for further sealing.

[0037] When ventilation is needed, the upper valve and the lower valve are opened, and the air supply fan 10 and the air exhaust fan 13 are started, and according to the actual construction situation, that is, the number of the cave 4 and the required air volume of the cave 4, multiple air supply fans 10 and air exhaust fans 13 can be installed, and multiple air supply pipes 11 corresponding to the air supply fans 10 are installed on the upper sealing plate 23, and multiple air outlet pipes 14 corresponding to the air exhaust fans 13 are installed on the lower sealing plate 19.

[0038] The air supply fan 10 introduces fresh air from the outside into the ventilation shaft 2 through the air supply pipe 11, and the upper sealing plate 23 and the lower sealing plate 19 seal the upper and lower ends of the ventilation shaft 2, so that the ventilation shaft 2 becomes a communication passage between the air supply pipe 11 and the air outlet pipe 14, and then the air in the ventilation shaft 2 is exhausted by the air exhaust fan 13 and discharged into the cave 4 through the air inlet pipe 15. When only one cave 4 needs ventilation, only the air inlet valve in the air inlet pipe 15 in the cave 4 needs to be opened, and the air inlet valves in the air inlet pipes 15 in other caves 4 do not need to be opened.

[0039] In another embodiment of the present application, the air supply pipe 11 and the air outlet pipe 14 are combined Figure 4 As shown, the lower end of the guide part 21 is fixed with an insertion part 22, the outer diameter of the insertion part 22 is less than or equal to the outer diameter of the lower end of the guide part 21, in this embodiment, the outer diameter of the insertion part 22 is equal to the outer diameter of the lower end of the guide part 21, the outer wall of the insertion part 22 is fixed with an annular air bag 24, the outer wall of the air bag 24 is fixed with a wear-resistant layer, and the wear-resistant layer is selected to be a rubber pad adhered to the outer wall of the air bag 24. The air bag 24 is provided with an air inlet hole and an air outlet hole, and the insertion part 22 is provided with a channel 25 communicating with the air inlet hole and the air inlet pipe 15 at two ends, specifically, a communication hole in the form of a semicircular arc is formed in the side wall of the upper connecting cylinder to facilitate the communication of the channel 25 with the communication hole after the upper connecting cylinder is screwed into the upper connecting hole, and the upper valve is installed below the communication hole. A pressure limiting valve is installed in the air outlet hole. A plurality of limiting blocks 26 for limiting the lower end of the air bag 24 are fixed on the upper part of the ventilation shaft 2 in the circumferential direction.

[0040] In use, when the air supply pipe 11 sends air into the ventilation shaft 2, the air enters the air bag 24 through the passage 25 and the air inlet, fills the air bag 24, and causes the air bag 24 to expand and fill the space between the insertion part 22 and the inner wall of the ventilation shaft 2. The limiting block 26 limits the expansion of the lower end of the air bag 24, and the air bag 24 expands as much as possible in the circumferential direction to fill the space between the insertion part 22 and the inner wall of the ventilation shaft 2.

[0041] In another embodiment of the present application, the operation lane 8 is provided with an exhaust fan 12, which is used to extract the gas in the operation lane 8. A variable-diameter block 16 is arranged in the operation lane 8 at a position communicating with the operation shaft 3. The variable-diameter block 16 is in the shape of an n and is attached to the inner wall of the operation lane 8 above and on both sides of the variable-diameter block 16. The variable-diameter block 16 can be fixed in the operation lane 8 that has been processed by using the fixing method in the prior art, such as bolt connection. The variable-diameter block 16 is provided with inclined surfaces 17 on both sides. The inclined surfaces 17 are inclined in the direction away from the axis of the operation shaft 3 from the center of the variable-diameter block 16 to the inner wall of the operation lane 8.

[0042] In use, when the worker needs to enter the operation lane 8 to work, the dirty air in the operation lane 8 needs to be extracted quickly. At this time, the exhaust fan 12 is started to extract the dirty air in the operation lane 8. When the exhaust fan 12 extracts the dirty air in the operation lane 8, the dirty air flows in the operation lane 8, which is regarded as a pipeline. The variable-diameter block 16 changes the inner diameter of the operation lane 8 at the operation shaft 3. According to Bernoulli's principle, when the gas flows from a pipeline with a larger inner diameter to a pipeline with a smaller inner diameter, the flow rate of the gas increases, a certain negative pressure is generated, and a certain negative pressure extraction effect on the gas in the operation shaft 3 is generated to assist the acceleration of the extraction of the gas in the operation shaft 3. The inclined surfaces 17 on both sides of the variable-diameter block 16 provide a guide for the flow of the gas in the operation lane 8 and reduce the resistance of the flow of the gas.

[0043] It should be noted that the relational terms herein such as first and second and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another, without necessarily requiring or implying any such actual relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but can include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0044] Finally, it is to be explained that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not to limit the present application. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can be modified or equivalently replaced without departing from the purpose and scope of the present application, and all of them should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A cavern ventilation system, characterized in that: It includes a blower installed outside the operating roadway, an upper sealing plate detachably connected to the upper end of the ventilation shaft, a lower sealing plate detachably connected to the lower end of the ventilation shaft, a blower pipe connecting the blower and the upper sealing plate, and an outlet pipe connecting the lower sealing plate. The upper sealing plate includes an inverted frustum-shaped guide portion and a mounting portion fixed to the upper end of the guide portion. The outer diameter of the upper end of the guide portion is larger than the outer diameter of the upper end of the ventilation shaft, and the outer diameter of the lower end of the guide portion is smaller than the outer diameter of the lower end of the ventilation shaft. The outer diameter of the mounting portion is larger than the outer diameter of the upper end of the guide portion. A sealing gasket is provided on the outer wall of the guide portion. An insertion portion is fixed to the lower end of the guide portion. The outer diameter of the insertion portion is smaller than or equal to the outer diameter of the lower end of the guide portion. An annular airbag is fixed to the outer wall of the insertion portion. A wear-resistant layer is fixed to the outer wall of the airbag. An air inlet and an air outlet are provided on the airbag. A channel is opened on the insertion portion, with both ends connected to the air inlet and the air supply pipe, respectively. A pressure limiting valve is installed in the air outlet. The cavern is equipped with an exhaust fan, the air inlet and outlet of which are connected, and the air outlet of which is connected to an air inlet. The free end of the air inlet is located at the bottom of the cavern. An exhaust fan is installed in the operating roadway to extract the gas from the operating roadway. A reducing block is installed in the operating roadway at the location connected to the operating shaft. The reducing block is n-shaped and its outer wall is attached to the inner wall above and on both sides of the operating roadway.

2. The cave ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the ventilation shaft is fixed with several limiting blocks along the circumference to limit the lower end of the airbag.

3. The cave ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both sides of the variable diameter block are provided with inclined surfaces, and the inclination of the inclined surfaces is as follows: along the direction from the center of the variable diameter block to the inner wall of the operating roadway, it is inclined in a direction away from the axis of the operating shaft.

4. The cave ventilation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper sealing plate has an upper connecting hole, and the air supply pipe can be detachably connected to the upper connecting hole; the lower sealing plate has a lower connecting hole, and the air outlet pipe can be detachably connected to the lower connecting hole.

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