A method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of glacier change detection, and specifically to a glacier area change detection method based on aerial photography. The detection method comprises the following steps: step one, aerial photography, surveying and acquisition: based on the flight of a drone equipped with a surveying camera, image data of the glacier is collected; step two, glacier thickness collection: based on detection radar technology, a detection radar wave is emitted to an ice surface to be measured, an echo signal of the detection radar wave is received, and a glacier thickness distribution map of the radar irradiated area is drawn; based on drone aerial photography, surveying and mapping, combined with detection radar technology and satellite remote sensing technology, the glacier area detection and prediction are more comprehensive and accurate, the glacier area image is obtained by a high-resolution camera on the aerial photography drone, and the aerial photography and mapping of the glacier area is realized. Combined with the establishment of a glacier area aerial photography and mapping database and model, the glacier area detection, calculation and dynamic prediction of changes are facilitated, and the accuracy of aerial photography and mapping of glacier area changes is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of glacier change detection, and in particular to a glacier area change detection method based on aerial photography. Background Art

[0002] Due to the gradual warming of the global climate and the severe situation of the accelerated melting of glaciers, the area and volume of glaciers around the world have decreased significantly, and some have even disappeared. This phenomenon is particularly significant in low and mid-latitude areas. Glacier melting will also bring disasters to local areas. For example, if the glaciers in the Himalayas melt so much, nearly 50 glacial lakes in Nepal and Bhutan will burst their banks and cause floods within 5 to 10 years; the rapid melting of glaciers in summer will also cause the water levels of the Indus River and the Ganges River in India to rise and cause floods. On the contrary, as glaciers retreat, most areas that rely on glacier meltwater as a water source will suffer from severe water shortages. For example, Peru and northern India are facing a water shortage crisis due to the accelerated melting of glaciers, the ecological environment has been damaged, and the global climate has changed significantly, so it is necessary to detect the area of ​​glaciers.

[0003] Currently, glacier area detection is based on the method of acquiring images using remote sensing technology. Remote sensing technology is affected by cloud cover and there is meteorological intervention in glacier area detection. It cannot obtain high-resolution and accurate glacier area information at any time. In addition, the detection of glacier area using a single technology lacks contrast and cannot reflect the dynamic changes of glacier area vertically, so its practicality is poor. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography, the detection method comprising the following steps:

[0006] Step 1: Aerial photography and mapping: Use a drone equipped with a camera for mapping to collect image data of the glacier.

[0007] Step 2: Glacier thickness collection: Based on the detection radar technology, a detection radar wave is emitted to the ice surface to be measured, and the echo signal of the detection radar wave is received to draw a glacier thickness distribution map of the radar irradiated area;

[0008] Step 3: Glacier area boundary points: Based on the extraction of aerial image data information, find the boundary points of the glacier area in different periods and draw a glacier area boundary image;

[0009] Step 4: Database establishment: Based on the glacier area data collected by aerial photography and the glacier thickness data collected by radar detection, a database is established and stored in time series;

[0010] Step 5: Establish a model: Use the data stored in the database to establish a glacier area change model based on the relationship between aerial photography of glacier area changes and radar detection of glacier thickness changes;

[0011] Step 6: Prediction of glacier area change: Dynamically predict the glacier area change based on the relational model and generate a dynamic image of the glacier area change prediction;

[0012] The detection method includes an acquisition module, a data processing module, a central processing module, a storage module, a generation module, a transmission module, a display module and a prediction module. The output end of the acquisition module is electrically connected to the input end of the data processing module, the output end of the data processing module is electrically connected to the input end of the central processing module, the output end of the central processing module is electrically connected to the storage module, the generation module and the input end of the prediction module, the central processing module is electrically connected to the input end of the display module through the transmission module, the acquisition module is used to collect data information required for glacier area changes based on the camera carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the data processing module is used to amplify and filter the collected data, and transmit the data information to the central processing module, the central processing module is used to perform next node conversion and processing on the received data information, the generation module is used to generate a glacier area detection image according to the received data, the storage module is used to store the received data information, the transmission module is used to transmit the detected glacier area data and the generated glacier area image to the glacier area detection platform, the display module is used to display the data and image transmitted by the transmission module, and the prediction module predicts the glacier area change dynamics based on the collected historical data based on the glacier area change model;

[0013] The aerial photography, surveying and acquisition includes a drone, a camera, a database, an identification module, a monitoring module and a sending module. The drone is used to carry a camera for glacier surveying and mapping. The camera is used to obtain image information of the surface glacier coverage area and transmit the impact information to the identification module; the database is used to store data collected by the camera, the identification module is used to obtain surface coverage image information, and the glacier coverage information data is extracted through the identification module; the monitoring module is used to detect the glacier environment and obtain glacier environment information, and the sending module is used to send the image information data collected by the camera to the glacier area detection system.

[0014] Specifically, the aerial surveying and mapping superimposes and compares the generated glacier area change prediction image with the glacier area image acquired by aerial photography in the same time period. When the glacier area change prediction image is consistent with the aerial glacier area image, it reflects that the environmental meteorology in the glacier area is normal; when the glacier area change prediction image is inconsistent with the aerial glacier area image, it reflects that the environmental meteorology in the glacier area is abnormal.

[0015] Specifically, the aerial photography UAV mapping performs trajectory prediction, and a flight altitude detection module is installed on the aerial photography UAV. The output end of the flight altitude detection module is connected to the input end of the UAV flight attitude control module, which is used for time detection and control of the altitude of the UAV during flight, so as to ensure that the aerial photography UAV is always at a fixed safe flight altitude.

[0016] Specifically, the detection method further includes extracting glacier area images based on satellite remote sensing technology, and the glacier area image extraction method includes the following steps:

[0017] S1. Extract satellite remote sensing images within the glacier area over a period of time, and obtain satellite remote sensing images of glaciers with less cloud coverage by screening;

[0018] S2, constructing a two-dimensional geographic information space database using the latitude and longitude attribute information of satellite remote sensing images and the geographic information of the region;

[0019] S3. Calculate the glacier area and its dynamic changes corresponding to the target glacier area in different periods based on the acquired satellite remote sensing image vector data.

[0020] Specifically, the aerial mapping image correction of the unmanned aerial vehicle is performed before the aerial mapping, and the aerial mapping image correction method includes the following steps:

[0021] A1. Obtain oblique angle images and overhead aerial images of the target through aerial photography drones;

[0022] A2. Compare and calibrate the acquired aerial image with the target image to make the aerial image and the target image consistent.

[0023] Specifically, the camera is a high-resolution camera, and the drone is equipped with two sets of high-resolution cameras.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0025] (1) The present invention discloses a method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography. A high-resolution camera mounted on an aerial photography drone is used to obtain images of the glacier area, thereby realizing aerial photography and mapping of the glacier area. Combined with the establishment of a glacier area aerial photography and mapping database and model, the glacier area detection, calculation and dynamic prediction of changes are facilitated, thereby facilitating the detection of glacier area changes. The aerial photography and mapping drone performs trajectory prediction and image calibration, and is equipped with two sets of high-resolution cameras, thereby improving the accuracy of aerial photography and mapping of glacier area changes.

[0026] (2) The method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography described in the present invention is based on drone aerial photography and mapping. The method combines detection radar technology and satellite remote sensing technology. The detection radar technology transmits detection radar waves to the ice surface to be measured, receives the echo signal of the detection radar wave, and draws a glacier thickness distribution map in the radar irradiated area. The detection radar technology extracts the glacier area image, and calculates the glacier area corresponding to the target glacier area in different periods and its dynamic changes through the acquired satellite remote sensing image vector data, thereby making the detection and prediction of glacier area changes more comprehensive and accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0028] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A diagram showing the working principle of a glacier area change detection method based on aerial photography provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0031] like Figure 1-Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography, and the detection method comprises the following steps:

[0032] Step 1: Aerial photography and mapping: Use a drone equipped with a camera for mapping to collect image data of the glacier.

[0033] Step 2: Glacier thickness collection: Based on the detection radar technology, a detection radar wave is emitted to the ice surface to be measured, and the echo signal of the detection radar wave is received to draw a glacier thickness distribution map of the radar irradiated area;

[0034] Step 3: Glacier area boundary points: Based on the extraction of aerial image data information, find the boundary points of the glacier area in different periods and draw a glacier area boundary image;

[0035] Step 4: Database establishment: Based on the glacier area data collected by aerial photography and the glacier thickness data collected by radar detection, a database is established and stored in time series;

[0036] Step 5: Establish a model: Use the data stored in the database to establish a glacier area change model based on the relationship between aerial photography of glacier area changes and radar detection of glacier thickness changes;

[0037] Step 6: Prediction of glacier area change: Dynamically predict the glacier area change based on the relational model and generate a dynamic image of the glacier area change prediction;

[0038] The detection method includes an acquisition module, a data processing module, a central processing module, a storage module, a generation module, a transmission module, a display module and a prediction module. The output end of the acquisition module is electrically connected to the input end of the data processing module, the output end of the data processing module is electrically connected to the input end of the central processing module, the output end of the central processing module is electrically connected to the storage module, the generation module and the input end of the prediction module, the central processing module is electrically connected to the input end of the display module through the transmission module, the acquisition module is based on the camera carried by the drone to collect data information required for glacier area changes, the data processing module is used to amplify and filter the collected data, and transmit the data information to the central processing module, the central processing module is used to perform next node conversion and processing on the received data information, the generation module is used to generate a glacier area detection image according to the received data, and the storage module is used to store The received data information, the transmission module is used to transmit the detected glacier area data and the generated glacier area image to the glacier area detection platform, the display module is used to display the data and images transmitted by the received transmission module, and the prediction module predicts the dynamic changes of the glacier area based on the glacier area change model according to the collected historical data; the aerial photography and mapping acquisition includes a drone, a camera, a database, an identification module, a monitoring module and a sending module, the drone is used to carry a camera for glacier mapping, the camera is used to obtain surface glacier coverage area image information, and transmit the impact information to the identification module; the database is used to store data collected by the camera, the identification module is used to obtain surface coverage image information, and the glacier coverage information data is extracted through the identification module; the monitoring module is used to detect the glacier environment and obtain glacier environment information, and the sending module is used to send the image information data collected by the camera to the glacier area detection system.

[0039] Specifically, the aerial surveying and mapping will superimpose and compare the generated predicted image of glacier area change with the glacier area image acquired by aerial photography in the same time period. When the predicted image of glacier area change is consistent with the aerial glacier area image, it reflects that the environmental meteorology in the glacier area is normal; when the predicted image of glacier area change is inconsistent with the aerial glacier area image, it reflects that the environmental meteorology in the glacier area is abnormal, and the glacier area change is reflected in the meteorology in the glacier area.

[0040] Specifically, the aerial photography UAV surveying and mapping performs trajectory prediction, and a flight altitude detection module is installed on the aerial photography UAV. The output end of the flight altitude detection module is connected to the input end of the UAV flight attitude control module, which is used for time detection and control of the altitude of the UAV during flight, so as to ensure that the aerial photography UAV is always at a fixed safe flight altitude, thereby improving the stability of the trajectory of the aerial photography and mapping UAV.

[0041] Specifically, the detection method further includes extracting glacier area images based on satellite remote sensing technology, and the glacier area image extraction method includes the following steps:

[0042] S1. Extract satellite remote sensing images within the glacier area over a period of time, and obtain satellite remote sensing images of glaciers with less cloud coverage by screening;

[0043] S2, constructing a two-dimensional geographic information space database using the latitude and longitude attribute information of satellite remote sensing images and the geographic information of the region;

[0044] S3. Calculate the glacier area and its dynamic changes corresponding to the target glacier area in different periods based on the acquired satellite remote sensing image vector data.

[0045] Specifically, the aerial mapping image correction of the unmanned aerial vehicle is performed before the aerial mapping, and the aerial mapping image correction method includes the following steps:

[0046] A1. Obtain oblique angle images and overhead aerial images of the target through aerial photography drones;

[0047] A2. Compare and calibrate the acquired aerial image with the target image to make the aerial image and the target image consistent.

[0048] Specifically, the camera adopts a high-resolution camera, and the UAV is equipped with two groups of high-resolution cameras, so that the aerial photography and mapping images obtained are high-resolution and clear.

[0049] When in use, two sets of high-resolution cameras are mounted on the drone used for aerial photography and surveying. The drone equipped with the surveying camera flies to collect image data of the glacier. The collected data is amplified and filtered by the data processing module and then transmitted to the central processing module. The central processing module converts and processes the received data information to the next node. The generation module generates a glacier area detection image according to the received data. The storage module stores the received data information. The transmission module transmits the detected glacier area data and the generated glacier area image to the glacier area detection platform. The display module displays the data and images received by the transmission module. The prediction module predicts the dynamic changes of the glacier area based on the collected historical data based on the glacier area change model. Based on the detection radar technology, the detection radar wave is emitted to the ice surface to be measured, and the echo signal of the detection radar wave is received to draw a glacier thickness distribution map of the radar irradiated area. The glacier area image is extracted based on the satellite remote sensing technology. The glacier area and its dynamic changes corresponding to the target glacier area in different periods are calculated based on the acquired satellite remote sensing image vector data. Based on the extraction of aerial image data information, the prediction module finds the dynamic changes of the glacier area. The boundary points of the glacier area in the same period are drawn into a glacier area boundary image. Then, based on the glacier area data collected by aerial photography and the glacier thickness data collected by radar detection, a database is established and stored in time series. Through the data stored in the database, a glacier area change model is established based on the relationship between the aerial glacier area change and the radar detection glacier thickness change. The glacier area change is dynamically predicted based on the relationship model to generate a glacier area change prediction dynamic image. In the same time period, the generated glacier area change prediction image is superimposed and compared with the glacier area image obtained by aerial photography. According to the relationship between the glacier area change prediction image and the aerial glacier area image, the changes in meteorological conditions in the glacier area are reflected, and the glacier area detection, calculation and dynamic prediction of changes are made, which facilitates the detection of glacier area changes. The aerial mapping drone performs trajectory prediction and image calibration, and is equipped with two sets of high-resolution cameras to improve the accuracy of aerial mapping of glacier area changes. Based on drone aerial mapping, this method combines detection radar technology and satellite remote sensing technology to make the detection and prediction of glacier area changes more comprehensive and accurate.

[0050] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography, characterized in that: The detection method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Aerial photography and mapping: Collect image data of the glacier by flying a drone equipped with a camera for mapping. Step 2: Glacier thickness collection: Based on the detection radar technology, a detection radar wave is emitted to the ice surface to be measured, and the echo signal of the detection radar wave is received to draw a glacier thickness distribution map of the radar irradiated area; Step 3: Glacier area boundary points: Based on the extraction of aerial image data information, find the boundary points of the glacier area in different periods and draw a glacier area boundary image; Step 4: Database establishment: Based on the glacier area data collected by aerial photography and the glacier thickness data collected by radar detection, a database is established and stored in time series; Step 5: Establish a model: Use the data stored in the database to establish a glacier area change model based on the relationship between aerial photography of glacier area changes and radar detection of glacier thickness changes; Step 6: Prediction of glacier area change: Dynamically predict the glacier area change based on the relational model and generate a dynamic image of the glacier area change prediction; The detection method includes an acquisition module, a data processing module, a central processing module, a storage module, a generation module, a transmission module, a display module and a prediction module. The output end of the acquisition module is electrically connected to the input end of the data processing module, the output end of the data processing module is electrically connected to the input end of the central processing module, the output end of the central processing module is electrically connected to the storage module, the generation module and the input end of the prediction module, the central processing module is electrically connected to the input end of the display module through the transmission module, the acquisition module is used to collect data information required for glacier area changes based on the camera carried by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the data processing module is used to amplify and filter the collected data, and transmit the data information to the central processing module, the central processing module is used to perform next node conversion and processing on the received data information, the generation module is used to generate a glacier area detection image according to the received data, the storage module is used to store the received data information, the transmission module is used to transmit the detected glacier area data and the generated glacier area image to the glacier area detection platform, the display module is used to display the data and image transmitted by the transmission module, and the prediction module predicts the glacier area change dynamics based on the collected historical data based on the glacier area change model; The aerial photography, surveying and acquisition includes a drone, a camera, a database, an identification module, a monitoring module and a sending module. The drone is used to carry a camera for glacier surveying and mapping. The camera is used to obtain image information of the surface glacier coverage area and transmit the impact information to the identification module; the database is used to store data collected by the camera, the identification module is used to obtain surface coverage image information, and the glacier coverage information data is extracted through the identification module; the monitoring module is used to detect the glacier environment and obtain glacier environment information, and the sending module is used to send the image information data collected by the camera to the glacier area detection system.

2. The method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerial surveying and mapping superimposes and compares the generated glacier area change prediction image with the glacier area image obtained by aerial photography in the same time period. When the glacier area change prediction image is consistent with the aerial glacier area image, it reflects that the environmental meteorology in the glacier area is normal; when the glacier area change prediction image is inconsistent with the aerial glacier area image, it reflects that the environmental meteorology in the glacier area is abnormal.

3. The method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aerial photography UAV mapping performs trajectory prediction, and a flight altitude detection module is installed on the aerial photography UAV. The output end of the flight altitude detection module is connected to the input end of the UAV flight attitude control module, which is used for time detection and control of the altitude of the UAV during flight, so as to ensure that the aerial photography UAV is always at a fixed safe flight altitude.

4. The method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The detection method also includes extracting glacier area images based on satellite remote sensing technology. The glacier area image extraction method includes the following steps: S1. Extract satellite remote sensing images within the glacier area over a period of time, and obtain satellite remote sensing images of glaciers with less cloud cover by screening; S2, constructing a two-dimensional geographic information space database using the latitude and longitude attribute information of satellite remote sensing images and the geographic information of the region; S3. Calculate the glacier area and its dynamic changes corresponding to the target glacier area in different periods based on the acquired satellite remote sensing image vector data.

5. The method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before the aerial mapping, the UAV aerial mapping image correction is performed, and the aerial mapping image correction method comprises the following steps: A1. Obtain oblique angle images and overhead aerial images of the target through aerial photography drones; A2. Compare and calibrate the acquired aerial image with the target image to make the aerial image and the target image consistent.

6. The method for detecting glacier area changes based on aerial photography according to claim 1, characterized in that: The camera is a high-resolution camera, and the drone is equipped with two groups of high-resolution cameras.

Images