A stiffness measuring device and measuring method for an elevator block brake

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of elevators, and specifically discloses a stiffness measurement device and a measurement method for an elevator block brake. The stiffness measurement device includes an installation module, a loading module, and a measurement module. The installation module includes an installation base and a loading bracket, and a connecting column is provided between the loading bracket and the installation base; the loading module includes a force application plate and a force application rod; the force application rod can be axially adjusted relative to the loading bracket; the measurement module includes a pressure measurement component and a displacement measurement component; wherein the pressure measurement component includes a plurality of pressure sensors; the displacement measurement component includes at least one set of sensor installation units, and each set of the sensor installation units corresponds to at least one displacement sensor; the above-mentioned stiffness measurement device takes the overall block brake as the measurement object, and can more accurately measure the overall stiffness of the block brake and reliably evaluate the working performance of the brake.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of elevators, and particularly to a stiffness measuring device and a measuring method for an elevator block brake. Background Art

[0002] An elevator is a common transportation device used for vertically transporting goods and personnel, and is commonly used in high-rise buildings and construction sites. When an elevator operates between floors, it needs to go through states such as acceleration, deceleration, and stopping. During the stopping state, a brake is required to assist in control. A block brake is a commonly used brake type for elevators. The block brake includes a stationary brake plate, a movable brake plate, an elastic member, brake shoes, etc. The elastic member is arranged between the stationary brake plate and the movable brake plate, and the brake shoes are arranged on the movable brake plate. When the elevator is in the stopping state, the brake shoes contact the brake wheel, and the two brake shoes cooperate to clamp the brake wheel to prevent the elevator from moving.

[0003] The braking force of the brake on the brake wheel directly determines the operating safety performance of the elevator, and the stiffness of the brake is a key factor affecting the braking force. As a physical common sense, the stiffness of an elastic member can be calculated using Hooke's law, that is, the ratio of stress to strain is the stiffness. Since there are multiple elastic members in the block brake, the braking force of the brake is mainly provided by the elastic members. The common method for measuring the stiffness of an existing block brake is to measure the stiffness of each single elastic member one by one, and finally perform a simple superposition according to the number of elastic members.

[0004] However, practice shows that factors such as the structure of the brake and the connection form between each component will all affect the overall stiffness of the brake. The method of simply superposing the stiffness of the elastic members cannot comprehensively consider various influencing factors and is difficult to accurately measure and evaluate the actual stiffness during the operation of the brake. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a stiffness measuring device and a measuring method for an elevator block brake, which take the entire block brake as the measurement object, can more accurately measure the overall stiffness of the block brake, and reliably evaluate the working performance of the brake.

[0006] To solve the above technical problem, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: A stiffness measuring device for an elevator block brake, at least including:

[0007] An installation module, the installation module includes an installation base and a loading bracket. The loading bracket is located above the installation base, and a connecting column is provided between the loading bracket and the installation base; an installation interval is formed between the loading bracket and the installation base;

[0008] Loading module, the loading module includes a force - applying plate and a force - applying rod. The force - applying rod is connected to the loading bracket, and the loading end of the force - applying rod is arranged towards the direction of the mounting base. The force - applying rod can be axially adjusted relative to the loading bracket.

[0009] Measuring module, the measuring module includes a pressure - measuring component and a displacement - measuring component.

[0010] Among them, the pressure - measuring component includes several pressure sensors. The displacement - measuring component includes at least one set of sensor mounting units. Each set of sensor mounting units includes two sensor brackets, and each set of sensor mounting units corresponds to at least one displacement sensor.

[0011] When performing stiffness measurement, the brake to be measured is placed in the installation area, and the brake moving plate and the brake static plate are distributed vertically. One sensor bracket in each set of sensor mounting units is connected to the brake moving plate, and the other is connected to the brake static plate. The force - applying plate is arranged above the brake to be measured, and the pressure sensors are arranged between the force - applying plate and the brake to be measured. The force - applying end of the force - applying rod corresponds to the force - applying plate.

[0012] The stiffness measurement device of the present application takes the integral block - type brake as the measurement object. Compared with the measurement method that takes a single elastic part as the measurement object in the prior art, it can more accurately measure the overall stiffness of the block - type brake and reliably evaluate the working performance of the brake.

[0013] Preferably, the mounting base includes two parallel - arranged support beams. It also includes a limiting unit. The limiting unit includes two limiting rods arranged between the support beams, and a limiting space is formed between the two limiting rods.

[0014] The limiting rods limit the brake to be measured, creating conditions for the installation and positioning of the loading module and the detection module, and reducing the positioning difficulty of the loading module and the detection module to a certain extent.

[0015] Preferably, the force - applying plate is provided with positioning holes corresponding one - to - one with the force - applying rods. The loading end of the force - applying rod is aligned with the positioning holes to improve the accuracy of the loading position.

[0016] Preferably, the pressure sensors correspond one - to - one with the force - applying rods.

[0017] Preferably, the loading bracket includes a bearing beam, and the force - applying rod is screwed to the bearing beam.

[0018] Preferably, the number of the bearing beams is at least two, and the bearing beams are arranged parallel to each other. At least two force - applying rods are arranged on each bearing beam. Through the cooperation of multiple force - applying rods, the force - applying direction and magnitude are ensured to be stable, and the reliability of the measurement results is improved.

[0019] Preferably, the loading module further includes a speed reduction mechanism, which includes a driving gear and a driven gear. The driving gear and the driven gear are respectively rotatably arranged on the bearing beam, and the driving gear meshes with the driven gear. A nut is coaxially arranged on the driven gear, and the nut rotates synchronously with the driven gear.

[0020] An axial relative adjustment between the force application rod and the bearing beam is defined, while a circumferential adjustment is not allowed. The force application rod is screwed with the nut on the driven gear.

[0021] The speed reduction mechanism can improve the accuracy of pressure adjustment and reduce the driving force required for pressure adjustment, creating conditions for manual operation.

[0022] Preferably, the sensor bracket includes a connecting portion for connecting with the brake to be measured, and at least one mounting wing plate corresponding to the displacement sensor is fixedly connected to the connecting portion. When measuring the stiffness, the mounting wing plates on two sensor brackets in the same group of sensor mounting units are arranged oppositely.

[0023] Preferably, the connecting portion includes a positioning back plate and two limiting side plates. The two limiting side plates are vertically arranged and fixedly connected with the positioning back plate, and a clamping space is formed between the two limiting side plates. At least one of the limiting side plates is provided with a locking member.

[0024] When measuring the stiffness, the brake static plate and the brake moving plate are clamped in the clamping space of the corresponding sensor bracket.

[0025] The positioning back plate and the two side plates are used for positioning and clamping the brake to be measured, and the mounting wing plates are used for installing the displacement sensor.

[0026] A method for measuring the stiffness of an elevator block brake uses the stiffness measuring device as described above.

[0027] It at least includes the following steps:

[0028] Step 1: Install the brake to be measured: Place the brake to be measured in the installation area, where the brake moving plate and the brake static plate are distributed vertically.

[0029] Step 2: Install the loading module and the measuring module:

[0030] Connect one sensor bracket in each group of sensor mounting units to the brake moving plate, and connect the other sensor bracket to the brake static plate. Install the displacement sensor on the sensor bracket.

[0031] Set the pressure sensor on the brake to be measured, and set the force application plate on the pressure sensor; adjust the force application rod so that the force application rod contacts the force application plate.

[0032] Step 3 Start measurement: Record the initial value of the pressure sensor, denoted as N0, and the initial value of the displacement sensor, denoted as S0;

[0033] Adjust the force application rod, increase the pressure on the brake to be measured through the force application plate and the pressure sensor, record the pressure value of the pressure sensor at this time, denoted as N1, and record the displacement value of the displacement sensor at this time, denoted as S1;

[0034] Step 4 Result post-processing: According to Hooke's law, obtain the brake stiffness E = σ / ε = (N1 - N0) / (S1 - S0); where: E is the stiffness, σ is the stress, and ε is the strain. Description of the Drawings

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the stiffness measurement device for the elevator block brake in this embodiment;

[0036] Figure 2 It is a side view of the stiffness measurement device for the elevator block brake in this embodiment;

[0037] Figure 3 It is a front view of the stiffness measurement device for the elevator block brake in this embodiment;

[0038] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of the installation module in the stiffness measurement device for the elevator block brake in this embodiment;

[0039] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation of the loading module, the measurement module and the brake to be measured in the stiffness measurement device for the elevator block brake in this embodiment;

[0040] Figure 6 It is an exploded view of the cooperation of the loading module, the measurement module and the brake to be measured in the stiffness measurement device for the elevator block brake in this embodiment;

[0041] Figure 7 It is a schematic structural diagram of the deceleration mechanism in the stiffness measurement device for the elevator block brake in this embodiment;

[0042] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cooperation of the displacement measurement component and the brake to be measured in the stiffness measurement device for the elevator block brake in this embodiment;

[0043] Figure 9 It is an exploded view of the cooperation of the displacement measurement component and the brake to be measured in the stiffness measurement device for the elevator block brake in this embodiment;

[0044] Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of the displacement measurement component in the stiffness measurement device for an elevator block brake in this embodiment;

[0045] Figure 11 This is a schematic structural diagram of another form of the displacement measurement component in the stiffness measurement device for an elevator block brake in this embodiment;

[0046] Figure 12 This is an installation state diagram of the displacement measurement component in the stiffness measurement device for an elevator block brake in this embodiment. Detailed implementation manners

[0047] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0048] Embodiment

[0049] As Figures 1 - 5 shown, a stiffness measurement device for an elevator block brake at least includes an installation module, a loading module 4 and a measurement module.

[0050] Among them, as Figures 1 - 4 shown, the installation module includes an installation base 3 and a loading bracket 1. The loading bracket 1 is located above the installation base 3, and a connecting column 2 is provided between the loading bracket 1 and the installation base 3. An installation interval is formed between the loading bracket 1 and the installation base 3.

[0051] As Figure 4 shown, preferably, the installation base 3 includes two parallel support beams. It also includes a limiting unit. The limiting unit includes two limiting rods 31 arranged between the support beams. A limiting space 32 is formed between the two limiting rods 31. During measurement, the manual adjustment part of the brake 7 to be measured is placed in the limiting space 32 surrounded by the support beams and the limiting rods 31, so as to limit the brake 7 to be measured, create conditions for the installation and positioning of the loading module 4 and the detection module, and to a certain extent reduce the positioning difficulty of the loading module 4 and the detection module.

[0052] Among them, as Figures 1 - 6 shown, the loading module 4 includes a force application plate 42 and a force application rod 41. The force application rod 41 is connected to the loading bracket 1, and the loading end of the force application rod 41 is arranged towards the direction of the installation base 3. The force application rod 41 can be axially adjusted relative to the loading bracket 1. Specifically, the loading bracket 1 includes a bearing beam 11, and the force application rod 41 is screwed to the bearing beam 11.

[0053] As Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, preferably, the number of the load-bearing beams 11 is at least two, and the load-bearing beams 11 are arranged in parallel with each other. At least two force-applying rods 41 are arranged on each of the load-bearing beams 11. Through the cooperation of a plurality of force-applying rods 41, the force application direction and magnitude are ensured to be stable, and the reliability of the measurement result is improved. A positioning hole 421 corresponding to the force-applying rod 41 one by one is arranged on the force-applying plate 42. The loading end of the force-applying rod 41 is aligned with the positioning hole 421, improving the accuracy of the loading position.

[0054] As a specific implementation manner, as Figure 4 and Figure 6 shown, the number of the load-bearing beams 11 is two, and two force-applying rods 41 are arranged on each of the load-bearing beams 11. The load-bearing beam 11 is bolted to the loading bracket 1.

[0055] Furthermore, as Figure 7 shown, the loading module 4 further includes a speed reduction mechanism. The speed reduction mechanism includes a driving gear 44 and a driven gear 43. The driving gear 44 and the driven gear 43 are respectively rotatably arranged on the load-bearing beam 11, and the driving gear 44 meshes with the driven gear 43. A nut is coaxially arranged on the driven gear 43, and the nut rotates synchronously with the driven gear 43.

[0056] The force-applying rod 41 and the load-bearing beam 11 are defined to be axially relatively adjustable and circumferentially non-adjustable. The force-applying rod 41 is screwed to the nut on the driven gear 43. When the driving gear 44 rotates, the driven gear 43 and the nut rotate synchronously, and further drive the force-applying rod 41 to move axially in a screw drive manner. The speed reduction mechanism can improve the accuracy of pressure adjustment and can reduce the driving force required during pressure adjustment, creating conditions for manual operation.

[0057] Specifically, the speed reduction mechanism can be set to correspond to the force-applying rod 41 one by one, that is, the force-applying rod 41 can be adjusted one by one, and the flexibility of pressure adjustment is better, and situations such as uneven force application can be better handled. The speed reduction can also be set such that one driving gear 44 corresponds to a plurality of driven gears 43, simplifying the operation procedure of the force application process and improving the operation efficiency.

[0058] Among them, as Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown, the measurement module includes a pressure measurement component 6 and a displacement measurement component 5. Among them, the pressure measurement component 6 includes a plurality of pressure sensors. Preferably, the pressure sensors correspond to the force-applying rods 41 one by one, and during measurement, the pressure sensors are aligned with the corresponding force-applying rods 41.

[0059] AsFigures 8 - 10 As shown, the displacement measurement assembly 5 includes at least one set of sensor mounting units. Each set of the sensor mounting units includes two sensor brackets 52, and each set of the sensor mounting units corresponds to at least one displacement sensor 51.

[0060] As Figures 8 - 10 shown, the sensor bracket includes a connecting portion 521 for connecting with the brake 7 to be measured. The connecting portion 521 is fixedly connected with at least one mounting wing plate 522 corresponding to the displacement sensor 51. During stiffness measurement, the mounting wing plates 522 on the two sensor brackets within the same set of sensor mounting units are arranged oppositely.

[0061] As Figures 8 - 10 shown, specifically, the connecting portion 521 includes a positioning back plate 5212 and two limiting side plates 5211. The two limiting side plates 5211 are perpendicularly arranged and fixedly connected with the positioning back plate 5212, and a clamping space is formed between the two limiting side plates 5211. At least one of the limiting side plates 5211 is provided with a locking member 53. During stiffness measurement, the brake static plate and the brake moving plate are clamped within the clamping space of the corresponding sensor bracket. The positioning back plate 5212 and the two side plates are used for positioning and clamping the brake 7 to be measured, and the mounting wing plate 522 is used for mounting the displacement sensor 51.

[0062] As Figures 8 - 10 shown, as a specific implementation manner, the locking member 53 includes a locking screw perpendicularly arranged on the limiting side plate 5211. During installation, the positioning back plate 5212 contacts the upper end face or the lower end face of the brake 7 to be measured, the fiber side plate without the locking member 53 contacts the side face of the brake 7 to be measured, and finally, by adjusting the locking screw, the installation and fixation of the sensor bracket 52 with the brake to be measured are realized. The mounting wing plate 522 is arranged on the limiting side plate 5211 and extends outwards. During measurement, the mounting wing plates 522 corresponding to the two sensor brackets 52 within the same group are arranged in parallel.

[0063] The displacement sensor 51 is arranged on the mounting wing plate 522. The arrangement mode of the displacement sensor 51 includes at least two types: The first type, as Figure 10 shown, one of the two corresponding mounting wing plates 522 in the same group of sensor brackets 52 is provided with a mounting hole 5221 for mounting the displacement sensor 51, and the other mounting wing plate 522 serves as a detection target. The second type, as Figure 11 and Figure 12As shown in the figure, mounting holes 5221 are respectively provided on two corresponding mounting wing plates 522 within the same group of sensor brackets 52. The mounting hole 5221 on one mounting wing plate 522 is used to mount the displacement sensor 51, and the mounting hole 5221 on the other mounting wing plate 522 is used to mount the detection target. When measuring the stiffness, the change amount of the distance between the displacement sensor 51 and the detection target is used as the displacement amount.

[0064] When performing stiffness measurement, the brake 7 to be measured is placed within the installation interval, and the brake moving plate and the brake static plate are distributed vertically. One sensor bracket 52 in each group of the sensor mounting units is connected to the brake moving plate, and the other is connected to the brake static plate. The force application plate 42 is arranged above the brake 7 to be measured, and the pressure sensor is arranged between the force application plate 42 and the brake 7 to be measured. The force application end of the force application rod 41 corresponds to the force application plate 42.

[0065] The stiffness measurement device of the present application takes the integral block brake as the measurement object. Compared with the measurement method that takes a single elastic member as the measurement object in the prior art, it can more accurately measure the overall stiffness of the block brake and reliably evaluate the working performance of the brake.

[0066] A stiffness measurement method for an elevator block brake adopts the stiffness measurement device as described above;

[0067] It at least includes the following steps:

[0068] Step 1: Install the brake 7 to be measured: Remove accessories such as brake shoes and guide bolts, place the brake 7 to be measured within the installation interval, and place the manual adjustment component of the brake 7 to be measured within the limit space 32; the brake moving plate and the brake static plate are distributed vertically.

[0069] Step 2: Install the loading module 4 and the measurement module: Connect one sensor bracket 52 in each group of the sensor mounting units to the brake moving plate, and connect the other sensor bracket 52 to the brake static plate; install the displacement sensor 51 on the sensor bracket 52;

[0070] Set the pressure sensor on the brake 7 to be measured, and set the force application plate 42 on the pressure sensor; the force application rod 41 is aligned with the corresponding positioning hole 421 and the pressure sensor; adjust the force application rod 41 so that the force application rod 41 contacts the force application plate 42.

[0071] Step 3: Start measurement: Record the initial value of the pressure sensor, denoted as N0, and the initial value of the displacement sensor 51, denoted as S0;

[0072] Adjust the force-applying rod 41 step by step and multiple times, increase the pressure on the brake 7 to be measured through the force-applying plate 42 and the pressure sensor, record the pressure values of the pressure sensor, denoted as N1, N2, …, Na respectively, and record the displacement values of the displacement sensor 51 correspondingly, denoted as S1, S2, …, Sa respectively.

[0073] Post-processing of the results in Step 4:

[0074]

[0075] According to Hooke's law, obtain the stiffness of the brake with E = σ / ε;

[0076] where: E is the stiffness, σ is the stress, and ε is the strain.

[0077] As a preferred implementation manner, mounting holes 5221 are respectively provided on two corresponding mounting wing plates 522 within the same group of sensor brackets 52. In Step 2, as Figure 12 shown, first select a positioning rod 8 to sequentially pass through the mounting holes 5221 of the two mounting wing plates 522 to position the two sensor brackets 52, then connect and lock the two sensor brackets 52 to the brake 7 to be measured respectively without removing the positioning rod 8, and finally remove the positioning rod 8 and install the displacement sensor 51 and the detection target in sequence.

[0078] Using the positioning rod 8 to assist in installation can effectively improve the positioning accuracy between the displacement sensor 51 and the detection target, and further improve the reliability of the displacement measurement result.

[0079] As a preferred implementation manner, the number of displacement sensors and the number of pressure sensors installed in Step 2 are both at least two, preferably both four. In Step 3, set a pressure error range X. After each loading of the force-applying rod, adjust each force-applying rod to keep the pressure value differences of each pressure sensor within the preset range X, and read and record the readings of each displacement sensor and pressure sensor at this time as the original displacement value and the original pressure value.

[0080] In Step 4, first conduct an effectiveness evaluation of the original displacement values. Specifically, set a displacement error range Y, analyze each group of original displacement values. When the difference between the original displacement values within the same group is greater than Y, it is determined that this group of original displacement values is invalid; when the difference between the original displacement values within the same group is less than Y, it is determined that this group of original displacement values is valid.

[0081] The sum of each group of original pressure values is used as the effective pressure value for calculating the stress σ; the weighted average of each group of effective original displacement values is used as the effective displacement value for calculating the strain ε.

[0082] In summary, the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A stiffness measuring device for an elevator block brake, characterized in that, At least including: An installation module, the installation module includes an installation base and a loading bracket, the loading bracket is located above the installation base, and a connecting column is provided between the loading bracket and the installation base; an installation interval is formed between the loading bracket and the installation base; A loading module, the loading module includes a force application plate and a force application rod, the force application rod is connected to the loading bracket, and the loading end of the force application rod is arranged towards the installation base; the force application rod can be axially adjusted relative to the loading bracket; A measurement module, the measurement module includes a pressure measurement component and a displacement measurement component; Wherein the pressure measurement component includes a plurality of pressure sensors; the displacement measurement component includes at least one set of sensor installation units, each set of sensor installation units includes two sensor brackets, and each set of sensor installation units corresponds to at least one displacement sensor; When performing stiffness measurement, the brake to be measured is placed in the installation interval, and the brake moving plate and the brake static plate are distributed up and down; one sensor bracket in each set of sensor installation units is connected to the brake moving plate, and the other is connected to the brake static plate; the force application plate is arranged above the brake to be measured, and the pressure sensors are arranged between the force application plate and the brake to be measured; the force application end of the force application rod corresponds to the force application plate.

2. The stiffness measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The installation base includes two parallel support beams; it also includes a limiting unit, the limiting unit includes two limiting rods arranged between the support beams, and a limiting space is formed between the two limiting rods.

3. The stiffness measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The force application plate is provided with positioning holes corresponding to the force application rods one by one.

4. The stiffness measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure sensors correspond to the force application rods one by one.

5. The stiffness measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading bracket includes a bearing beam, and the force application rod is screwed to the bearing beam.

6. The stiffness measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of the bearing beams is at least two, and the bearing beams are arranged parallel to each other, and at least two force application rods are arranged on each bearing beam.

7. The stiffness measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The loading module further includes a reduction mechanism, the reduction mechanism includes a driving gear and a driven gear, the driving gear and the driven gear are respectively rotatably arranged on the bearing beam, and the driving gear meshes with the driven gear; a nut is coaxially arranged on the driven gear, and the nut rotates synchronously with the driven gear; The force application rod and the bearing beam are defined to be axially relatively adjustable and circumferentially non-adjustable; the force application rod is screwed to the nut on the driven gear.

8. The stiffness measuring device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The sensor bracket includes a connecting portion for connecting with the brake to be measured, and at least one installation wing plate corresponding to the displacement sensor is fixedly connected to the connecting portion; when performing stiffness measurement, the installation wing plates on the two sensor brackets in the same group of sensor installation units are arranged oppositely.

9. The stiffness measuring device according to claim 8, wherein: The connecting portion includes a positioning back plate and two limiting side plates, the two limiting side plates are vertically arranged and fixedly connected to the positioning back plate, and a clamping space is formed between the two limiting side plates; at least one of the limiting side plates is provided with a locking member; When performing stiffness measurement, the brake static plate and the brake moving plate are clamped in the clamping space of the corresponding sensor bracket.

10. A stiffness measurement method for an elevator block brake, characterized in that: Adopt the stiffness measurement device according to any one of claims 1-9; At least including the following steps: Step 1 Install the brake to be measured: Place the brake to be measured within the installation area, where the moving brake plate and the stationary brake plate are distributed vertically; Step 2 Install the loading module and the measuring module: Connect one sensor bracket in each group of the sensor mounting units to the moving brake plate, and the other sensor bracket to the stationary brake plate; Install the displacement sensor on the sensor bracket; Set the pressure sensor on the brake to be measured, and set the force application plate on the pressure sensor; Adjust the force application rod so that the force application rod contacts the force application plate; Step 3 Start measurement: Record the initial value of the pressure sensor, denoted as N0, and the initial value of the displacement sensor, denoted as S0; Adjust the force application rod, increase the pressure on the brake to be measured through the force application plate and the pressure sensor, record the pressure value of the pressure sensor at this time, denoted as N1, and record the displacement value of the displacement sensor at this time, denoted as S1; Step 4 Result post-processing: According to Hooke's law, obtain the brake stiffness E = σ / ε = (N1 - N0) / (S1 - S0); where: E is the stiffness, σ is the stress, and ε is the strain.

Images