BIM-based panel layout method for fishery-solar hybrid photovoltaic systems

Abstract

This invention provides a BIM-based method for photovoltaic (PV) system layout in a solar-fishery complementary system, belonging to the field of PV power generation technology. It utilizes BIM to model the project construction site and obtains the PV array spacing based on the optimal tilt angle for solar radiation, the latitude of the construction site, and the length of the PV array tilt surface. Based on geographical location data, it simulates power generation at different tilt angles to obtain the tilt angle with maximum power generation. Based on the parameter data of the PV modules, it obtains the number of PV module strings. Based on the modeling results and the solar radiation trajectory of the construction site, it performs illumination analysis at different times to obtain shadow maps for different time periods. Based on the obtained shadow maps, the optimal tilt angle of the PV modules, the PV array spacing, and the number of PV module strings, it generates the layout results in 2D mapping software. This invention achieves more accurate PV layout and effectively avoids the impact of shadows on power generation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation technology, and in particular to a BIM-based method for arranging photovoltaic panels in a solar-fishery complementary photovoltaic system. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Conventional photovoltaic projects use BIM technology for photovoltaic module layout through traditional 3D modeling, which is labor-intensive, requires modeling each photovoltaic module, generates a huge amount of data, has high computer configuration requirements, and cannot make quick adjustments to the plan, resulting in low efficiency.

[0004] Moreover, the inventors discovered that in the construction of conventional photovoltaic projects, the design of shaded areas mostly relies on human experience, which makes it impossible to maximize the placement of panels in non-shaded areas or to design the placement of panels in shaded areas to avoid impacting the overall photovoltaic power generation system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a BIM-based method for photovoltaic (PV) system layout in a solar-fishery complementary system. The method involves modeling the project construction points using BIM, and generating layout results in 2D mapping software based on the obtained shadow map, optimal tilt angle of the PV modules, PV array spacing, and the number of PV module strings. This achieves more precise PV layout and effectively avoids the impact of shadows on power generation.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A BIM-based method for photovoltaic panel layout in a solar-fishery complementary system includes the following steps:

[0008] Based on the geographical location data of the project site where the fishery-solar complementary photovoltaic system is to be deployed, the solar radiation intensity at different tilt angles is simulated to obtain the optimal tilt angle for solar radiation.

[0009] The project construction site was modeled using BIM, and the photovoltaic array spacing was obtained based on the optimal tilt angle for solar radiation, the latitude of the project construction site, and the length of the photovoltaic array tilt surface. Based on geographical location data, the power generation at different tilt angles was simulated to obtain the tilt angle with the maximum power generation. Based on the parameter data of the photovoltaic modules, the number of photovoltaic module strings was obtained. Based on the modeling results and combined with the solar radiation trajectory of the project construction site, the illumination analysis was carried out at different times to obtain the shadow map at different times.

[0010] Based on the obtained shaded map, the optimal tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules, the spacing of the photovoltaic array, and the number of photovoltaic module strings connected in series, the layout result is generated in two-dimensional drawing software.

[0011] As an optional implementation, the photovoltaic panels are installed in both shaded and unshaded areas. For the modules in the shaded areas, bypass diodes are connected in reverse parallel between each battery module in the module junction box to bypass the photovoltaic modules that cannot generate electricity normally due to various shades.

[0012] As an optional implementation, the photovoltaic panels are arranged in both shaded and unshaded areas, and bypass diodes are installed between two or more adjacent groups of photovoltaic modules. When a module is shaded or malfunctions, the two groups of modules will be bypassed in sections, while the rest can continue to work normally.

[0013] As an optional implementation, photovoltaic panels are installed in both shaded and unshaded areas. Independent micro-inverters with DC-AC inverter and MPPT functions are installed on the photovoltaic modules in the shaded areas to achieve maximum power output.

[0014] As an optional implementation method, in the non-shaded area, the photovoltaic module foundation is in a stepped shape with a lower front and a higher back.

[0015] As an optional implementation method, in the non-shaded area, various photovoltaic arrays are generated based on the calculated maximum power generation tilt angle, array spacing, and number of photovoltaic module strings. The final array layout is selected from the layout with the most photovoltaic modules, the lowest cost, or the highest power generation.

[0016] As an optional implementation, the array spacing D is: D=Lcosβ+Lsinβ(0.707tanφ+0.4338) / (0.707-0.4338tanφ);

[0017] Where L is the length of the array tilt surface, β is the array tilt angle, and φ is the local latitude.

[0018] As an optional implementation method, an iterative method is used to perform iterative calculations on a single photovoltaic module to obtain the tilt angle for maximum power generation.

[0019] As an optional implementation, the number of photovoltaic system strings connected in series, N, is:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, K v V is the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient of a photovoltaic module. oc V is the open-circuit voltage of the battery module. dcmax t represents the maximum allowable DC input voltage of the inverter, and t represents the extreme low temperature under the operating conditions of the photovoltaic module.

[0022] Furthermore,

[0023]

[0024] Among them, K v’ V represents the operating voltage temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic module, t' represents the extreme high temperature under the operating conditions of the photovoltaic module, and V represents the operating voltage temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic module. mpptmax V represents the maximum MPPT voltage of the inverter. mpptmin V is the minimum MPPT voltage of the inverter. pm This refers to the operating voltage of the battery module.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. The BIM-based photovoltaic system layout method for fishery-solar complementary systems described in this invention uses BIM to model the area to be covered. Based on the obtained shadow map, the optimal tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules, the spacing of the photovoltaic array, and the number of photovoltaic module strings, the layout result is generated in two-dimensional drawing software, which achieves more accurate photovoltaic layout and can effectively avoid the impact of shadows on power generation.

[0027] 2. The BIM-based photovoltaic system layout method for fishery-solar complementary systems described in this invention enables more accurate calculation of the optimal tilt angle of photovoltaic modules, the spacing between photovoltaic arrays, and the number of photovoltaic module strings, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the layout.

[0028] 3. This invention uses BIM software to create a model of the site, simulates the actual lighting at the construction site, and performs lighting analysis. Then, the shadow map is imported into two-dimensional drawing software for photovoltaic panel placement. This invention uses a combination of three-dimensional shadow simulation and two-dimensional panel placement, which is simple and convenient, and can accurately calculate the power generation of photovoltaic projects.

[0029] 4. To prevent damage to photovoltaic modules and the impact on power generation efficiency caused by hot spot effects, a bypass diode is connected in reverse parallel between each battery module in the module junction box. This bypasses photovoltaic modules that cannot generate power normally due to various shadows, ensuring that the photovoltaic power generation system can generate power normally.

[0030] 5. For the shaded areas of towers and poles, the bypass diodes are fully installed. They are generally installed directly inside the module junction box. Bypass diodes are installed between two or more adjacent photovoltaic modules. When the corresponding module string is shaded or malfunctions, the corresponding module string will be bypassed in sections, while the rest can continue to work normally, further ensuring the normal power generation of the photovoltaic power generation system.

[0031] 6. Installing an independent micro-inverter with DC-AC inverter and MPPT functions on several photovoltaic modules within the shaded area of ​​the tower or pole can achieve maximum power output. The multi-channel MPPT setting reduces the impact of shading. Furthermore, the micro-inverter has lower requirements for the consistency of photovoltaic modules. When undesirable conditions such as shading, changes in clouds and fog, inconsistent module temperatures, inconsistent module installation tilt angles, or inconsistent installation orientations occur, the problematic module will not affect other modules, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the entire system.

[0032] 7. When the floor space or available area of ​​the photovoltaic module array is limited, the foundation of the photovoltaic modules in the unshaded area is made into a stepped shape. The usual practice is to make the front lower and the back higher to reduce the spacing between the modules, maximize the use of the floor space to arrange the photovoltaic modules, and increase the power generation.

[0033] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram for calculating the photovoltaic array spacing provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 A schematic diagram illustrating the iterative trend of power generation provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 The photovoltaic module layout diagram for a solar-fishery complementary project provided in this embodiment of the invention (modules are not arranged in the shadow of the iron tower).

[0038] Figure 4 A photovoltaic module layout diagram (with tower shadow arrangement) for a solar-fishery complementary project provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a series-parallel hybrid photovoltaic array circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention (with bypass diodes added).

[0040] Figure 6 The photovoltaic foundation provided in this embodiment of the invention is a stepped schematic diagram.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the creation of a device model provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of adding a scene in the view-animation provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of shadow simulation provided for an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of shadow image merging provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the fabrication board provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the optimization of the total number of photovoltaic modules provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating the BIM-based photovoltaic system layout method for fisheries and solar power systems, as provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0049] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further illustration of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0050] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0051] In this invention, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "side," and "bottom" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used only to facilitate the description of the structural relationships of the various components or elements of this invention and do not specifically refer to any component or element in this invention. They should not be construed as limiting the invention.

[0052] In this invention, terms such as "fixed connection," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, indicating a fixed connection, an integral connection, or a detachable connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can determine the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances, and they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0053] Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0054] Example:

[0055] like Figure 1-13 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a BIM-based method for the layout of a solar-fishery complementary photovoltaic system, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Based on the geographical location data of the project site where the fishery-solar complementary photovoltaic system is to be deployed, the solar radiation intensity at different tilt angles is simulated to obtain the optimal tilt angle for solar radiation.

[0057] The project construction site was modeled using BIM, and the photovoltaic array spacing was obtained based on the optimal tilt angle for solar radiation, the latitude of the project construction site, and the length of the photovoltaic array tilt surface. Based on geographical location data, the power generation at different tilt angles was simulated to obtain the tilt angle with the maximum power generation. Based on the parameter data of the photovoltaic modules, the number of photovoltaic module strings was obtained. Based on the modeling results and combined with the solar radiation trajectory of the project construction site, the illumination analysis was carried out at different times to obtain the shadow map at different times.

[0058] Based on the obtained shaded map, the optimal tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules, the spacing of the photovoltaic array, and the number of photovoltaic module strings connected in series, the layout result is generated in two-dimensional drawing software.

[0059] More specifically, it includes the following processes:

[0060] In this embodiment, the shaded areas of the towers and poles are fully covered. To prevent the hot spot effect of the photovoltaic modules from damaging the photovoltaic modules and affecting the power generation efficiency, a bypass diode is connected in reverse parallel between each battery module in the photovoltaic module junction box. This bypass conduction is performed on photovoltaic modules that cannot generate power normally due to various shades, ensuring that the photovoltaic power generation system can generate power normally.

[0061] Alternatively, in some other implementations, bypass diodes are installed between two adjacent sets of photovoltaic modules or between multiple adjacent sets of photovoltaic modules. When the corresponding photovoltaic module string is shaded or malfunctions, the corresponding photovoltaic module string will be bypassed in segments, while the rest can continue to work normally.

[0062] Understandably, in some other implementations, installing a micro-inverter with independent DC-AC inverter and MPPT functions for photovoltaic modules within the shaded area of ​​towers and poles can achieve maximum power output. The multi-MPPT setting reduces the impact of shading. Furthermore, the micro-inverter has lower requirements for module consistency. When undesirable conditions such as shading, cloud changes, inconsistent module temperatures, inconsistent module installation tilt angles, or inconsistent installation orientations occur, the problematic module will not affect other modules, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of the entire system.

[0063] Understandably, in some other implementations, when the footprint or available area of ​​the photovoltaic array is limited, the foundations of the photovoltaic modules in the unshaded areas are made in a stepped shape, usually with the front lower and the back higher, to reduce the spacing between the modules, maximize the use of the footprint to arrange the photovoltaic modules, and increase power generation.

[0064] In this embodiment, within the non-shaded area, various photovoltaic arrays are generated based on the calculated maximum power generation tilt angle, array spacing, and number of photovoltaic module strings. The final array layout is selected based on the number of photovoltaic modules, the lowest cost, or the highest power generation.

[0065] Specifically, in this embodiment, after obtaining the shaded areas using BIM software (such as SketchUp or other BIM-related software), images of the shadows during several key time periods from 9:00 to 15:00 on the winter solstice are exported. These images are then imported into 2D drafting software (such as CAD or any other 2D drafting software) using the Insert-Raster Image Reference method. The images are scaled to the original scale, and the shaded areas are excluded before being used for photovoltaic panel layout. During panel layout, various photovoltaic arrays are created based on the calculated maximum power generation tilt angle, array spacing, and number of module strings. The number of photovoltaic modules is counted using a toolbox.

[0066] In this embodiment, the calculation of the tilt angle of the photovoltaic tilt surface for maximum radiation includes:

[0067] The tilt angle of a photovoltaic module is the angle between the module plane and the horizontal ground. For a photovoltaic array that is fixedly installed at a certain tilt angle, the solar radiation energy received is related to the tilt angle. Table 1 shows the solar radiation (kWh / m2) of the tilted surface at every 1° tilt angle.

[0068] Table 1: Solar radiation (kWh / m2) at 1° tilt angles on the inclined surface

[0069]

[0070]

[0071] Analysis of Solargis solar energy resource data shows that the annual total radiation on the tilted surface is the highest when the array tilt angle is 34° at the Kendong site, which is the tilt angle with the highest radiation.

[0072] In this embodiment, the calculation of the photovoltaic array spacing includes:

[0073] D=Lcosβ+Lsinβ(0.707tanφ+0.4338) / (0.707-0.4338tanφ);

[0074] Where L is the length of the array tilt surface, β is the array tilt angle, and φ is the local latitude.

[0075] The spacing of a fixed photovoltaic array at a specific location, where it will not be shaded between 9:00 and 15:00 solar time on the winter solstice, is calculated using the formula above, and the array spacing is found to be 10.6 meters.

[0076] In this embodiment, the maximum power generation tilt angle includes: a 34° tilt angle corresponding to an array spacing of 10.6m, assuming no elevation change between the front and rear arrays. Based on the principle of increasing power generation, under this spacing condition, appropriately reducing the tilt angle can reduce shading losses from the front and rear arrays and increase power generation. Iterative calculations are performed on individual power generation units using software (e.g., PVsyst), and the results are shown in the table below:

[0077] Table 2: Iterative Calculation Table of Power Generation (kWh)

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] The iterative trend chart of power generation is as follows Figure 2 As shown, by Figure 2 It can be seen that, with a fixed tilt angle, the power generation gradually increases with the increase of the array spacing. When the array spacing at the project site does not exceed 10.6m, the power generation is the largest at a tilt angle of 31°. Therefore, the project adopts 31° as the tilt angle with the maximum power generation. The power generation at this angle is about 0.14% higher than that at the optimal tilt angle.

[0081] (5) Number of photovoltaic modules in series

[0082] The number of photovoltaic modules connected in series and parallel needs to match the grid-connected inverter. The matching calculation values ​​and formulas are as follows:

[0083] 1) Photovoltaic module temperature parameters

[0084] The operating temperature of photovoltaic modules in winter is based on the lowest ambient temperature in the local area, taking into account extreme conditions. The lowest possible nighttime temperature at the project site is -15.7℃.

[0085] The operating temperature of photovoltaic modules in summer is based on the highest local ambient temperature, plus the module's own heat generation. Considering extreme conditions, the maximum daytime temperature in the project area is 39.7℃, and the extreme high temperature of the modules is taken as 70℃.

[0086] 2) Calculation of the number of photovoltaic module strings

[0087] The formula for calculating the number of series strings in a photovoltaic system is as follows:

[0088]

[0089]

[0090] Where: N is the number of photovoltaic modules connected in series (N is rounded down); K v K represents the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient of a photovoltaic module. v ' represents the operating voltage temperature coefficient of the photovoltaic module; t represents the extreme low temperature (°C) under the operating conditions of the photovoltaic module; t' represents the extreme high temperature (°C) under the operating conditions of the photovoltaic module; V dcmax The maximum allowable DC input voltage (V) for the inverter; V mpptmax This represents the maximum MPPT voltage (V) of the inverter; V mpptmin This represents the minimum MPPT voltage (V) of the inverter; V oc V is the open-circuit voltage of the battery module. pm This refers to the operating voltage (V) of the battery module.

[0091] The string inverter selected for this project has a DC input voltage range (MPPT) of 500–1500V and a maximum allowable DC input voltage (Vdcmax) of 1500V. The MPPT voltage of the 540Wp monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic module is 41.65V, the open-circuit voltage is 49.50V, and the open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient is -0.284% / ℃.

[0092] Based on the above calculation formula, when the number of photovoltaic modules in series is 26 and the ambient temperature is -15.7℃, the working voltage of the photovoltaic string is 1208.1V and the open-circuit voltage of the photovoltaic string is 1435.8V, which meets the requirements of the inverter's DC side input voltage range (MPPT) and the maximum allowable DC side input voltage range. Therefore, a scheme with 26 modules per string is adopted.

[0093] Before laying out the equipment, the following should be noted: In addition to surveying the main terrain, the topographic map should also include the dimensions and heights of existing facilities such as towers, utility poles, and wind turbines within the site. The impact of shadows cast by these structures on the site layout must be considered based on the topographic map. Additionally, the location of equipment outside the boundary line should be monitored, as it may cause obstructions within the site.

[0094] When arranging photovoltaic modules for a fishery-solar hybrid project, ease of installation, maintenance, and cleaning should be considered. Fixed brackets are generally arranged vertically, with photovoltaic strings typically maintaining a distance of 3-4 meters from roads and property lines, and each string of photovoltaic modules maintaining a distance of 0.5 meters.

[0095] Specifically, taking BIM software for 3D design as an example:

[0096] (1) Import the project topographic map into the BIM software (select unit: meters), and create the equipment model based on the equipment location and dimensions in the topographic map, such as... Figure 6 As shown.

[0097] (2) In Window - Model Information - Geographic Location, manually set the geographic location by inputting the latitude and longitude of the construction area, adjusting the topographic map to a top-down view, and adding the scene in View - Animation. For example... Figure 7 As shown.

[0098] (3) Open the Window - Default Panel, set the date to the winter solstice, November 22nd, and the time to 9:00 AM. Turn on Shadows, and the model will display the position and length of the shadow at 9:00 AM. For example... Figure 8 As shown.

[0099] (4) Add Scene 2, set the time to 12:00 and update. Then add Scene 3, set the time to 15:00 and update. If necessary, add shadows for the 10:30 and 13:30 time periods. Figure 9 As shown.

[0100] (5) File - Export - 2D Graphics: Export the shadows from several time periods as 2D graphics (JPG image format), and then merge them using software. For example... Figure 10 As shown.

[0101] (6) Open the terrain Figure 2 In the 2D mapping software, click Insert - Raster Image Reference to import the merged shadow image. Set the image to Back mode and place it on the topographic map. Use the sc command to scale it to the original map scale using a specific point as the base point. The shadows from several time periods will then be displayed in the 2D mapping software. After excluding the shadow areas in the map, begin laying out the slab according to the spacing and tilt angle provided by the lighting professionals. Figure 11 As shown.

[0102] (7) After the 2D modeling software is used to lay out the photovoltaic modules, the number of multiple photovoltaic modules is counted using the Jianren Toolbox to obtain the total number of various photovoltaic modules. For example... Figure 12 As shown.

[0103] (8) Areas without shadows are arranged in the conventional manner. In order to increase power generation, areas with shadows such as poles are arranged by adding bypass diodes and micro inverters, so as to make reasonable use of the area occupied by each part.

[0104] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of hardware embodiments, software embodiments, or embodiments combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage and optical storage) containing computer-usable program code.

[0105] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0106] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0107] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0108] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, optical disk, read-only memory (ROM), or random access memory (RAM), etc.

[0109] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A BIM-based method for arranging photovoltaic panels in a solar-fishery complementary system, characterized in that: The process includes the following: Based on the geographical location data of the project site where the fishery-solar complementary photovoltaic system is to be deployed, the solar radiation intensity at different tilt angles is simulated to obtain the optimal tilt angle for solar radiation. The project construction site was modeled using BIM, and the photovoltaic array spacing was obtained based on the optimal tilt angle for solar radiation, the latitude of the project construction site, and the length of the photovoltaic array tilt surface. Based on geographical location data, the power generation at different tilt angles was simulated to obtain the tilt angle with the maximum power generation. Based on the parameter data of the photovoltaic modules, the number of photovoltaic module strings was obtained. Based on the modeling results and combined with the solar radiation trajectory of the project construction site, the illumination analysis was carried out at different times to obtain the shadow map at different times. Based on the obtained shadow map, the optimal tilt angle of the photovoltaic modules, the spacing of the photovoltaic array, and the number of photovoltaic module strings, the layout result is generated in the two-dimensional drawing software. When the area occupied or the available area of ​​the photovoltaic array is limited, the foundation of the photovoltaic modules in the unshaded area is made into a stepped shape to reduce the arrangement spacing, maximize the use of the area occupied to arrange the photovoltaic modules, appropriately reduce the tilt angle, reduce the shadow shading loss of the front and rear rows of modules, and increase the power generation. Alternatively, photovoltaic panels can be installed in both shaded and unshaded areas. For modules in shaded areas, bypass diodes can be connected in reverse parallel between each battery module in the module junction box to bypass modules that cannot generate electricity normally due to various shades. Or, photovoltaic panels can be installed in both shaded and unshaded areas, and bypass diodes can be installed between two or more adjacent groups of photovoltaic modules. When a module is shaded or malfunctions, these two groups of modules will be bypassed in sections, while the rest can continue to work normally. Or, photovoltaic panels can be installed in both shaded and unshaded areas, and independent micro-inverters with DC-AC inverter function and MPPT function can be installed on photovoltaic modules in shaded areas to achieve maximum power output.

2. The BIM-based photovoltaic system layout method for fishery-solar complementary systems as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In the non-shaded area, the photovoltaic module base has a stepped shape with a lower front and a higher back.

3. The BIM-based photovoltaic system layout method for fishery-solar complementary systems as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Within the non-shaded area, various photovoltaic arrays are generated based on the calculated maximum power generation tilt angle, array spacing, and number of photovoltaic module strings. The final array layout is selected based on the array layout with the most photovoltaic modules, the lowest cost, or the highest power generation.

4. The BIM-based photovoltaic system layout method for fishery-solar complementary systems as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Array spacing D for: D=Lcosβ+ Lsinβ(0.707tanφ+0.4338) / (0.707-0.4338 tanφ) ; in, L The length of the array tilt surface. β The array tilt angle, φ The latitude is the local latitude.

5. The BIM-based photovoltaic system layout method for fishery-solar complementary systems as described in claim 1, characterized in that: An iterative method is used to perform iterative calculations on a single photovoltaic module to obtain the tilt angle for maximum power generation.

6. The BIM-based photovoltaic system layout method for fishery-solar complementary systems as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The number of photovoltaic system strings connected in series, N, is: in, K v The open-circuit voltage temperature coefficient of a photovoltaic module. Voc This is the open-circuit voltage of the battery module. V dcmax The maximum allowable DC input voltage for the inverter. t This refers to the extreme low temperature under the operating conditions of photovoltaic modules.

7. The BIM-based photovoltaic system layout method for fishery-solar complementary systems as described in claim 6, characterized in that: in, K v’ The operating voltage temperature coefficient of a photovoltaic module. t’ The extreme high temperature under the operating conditions of photovoltaic modules, V mpptmax This represents the maximum MPPT voltage of the inverter. V mpptmin This is the minimum MPPT voltage of the inverter. V pm This refers to the operating voltage of the battery module.

Images