A high-voltage controllable arrester current and energy real-time monitoring protection system and method

Abstract

The embodiment of the application discloses a high-voltage controllable arrester current and energy real-time monitoring protection system and method, the system comprises a high-voltage controllable arrester, the high-voltage controllable arrester comprises an arrester fixing element, an arrester controllable element and a control switch; a current measurement module for measuring current; an energy calculation module for obtaining the arrester action residual voltage and the fixed part arrester absorption energy when performing closing operation; a protection module for performing current imbalance protection and arrester energy over-limit protection. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the current of the high-voltage controllable arrester; obtaining the arrester action residual voltage and the fixed part arrester absorption energy when performing closing operation; and performing current imbalance protection and arrester energy over-limit protection. The application enables the device to exit in time under extreme operating conditions, thereby protecting the safe and stable operation of the device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-voltage controllable surge arrester technology, and in particular to a real-time monitoring and protection system and method for the current and energy of high-voltage controllable surge arresters. Background Technology

[0002] Overvoltage problems severely limit the stable operation of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. To reduce system overvoltage, absorb surplus power, and better adapt surge arresters to the needs of a robust smart grid, controllable surge arresters have been proposed. Controllable surge arresters simultaneously possess low charge rate under steady-state conditions and low residual voltage under transient conditions, and their volt-ampere characteristics can be rapidly adjusted. When the control switch uses power electronic switches or fast mechanical switches, controllable surge arresters offer advantages such as fast response speed, wide application range, and high reliability, making them key equipment for building a robust smart grid with broad application prospects.

[0003] Due to their high energy absorption capacity, controllable surge arresters require a multi-column parallel connection scheme. However, an excessive number of parallel columns complicates current sharing control, and uneven current distribution can damage the arrester, leading to overall equipment failure. Furthermore, the appearance of a "short segment" (i.e., a failed resistor) in the arrester can cause the entire column to break down. Excessive energy absorption beyond the arrester's energy absorption capacity can also damage the equipment. All these issues severely restrict the safe operation of controllable surge arresters. The surge arrester is the core and critical component of a controllable surge arrester, and it is expensive. Moreover, the safe and stable operation of the equipment directly affects the safe and stable operation of the DC power grid. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the arrester current and energy in real time and configure current imbalance protection and energy over-limit protection functions to protect the surge arrester equipment.

[0004] Existing technologies lack methods for real-time monitoring and protection of the current and energy of controllable surge arresters, making it difficult to protect the safe and stable operation of equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a real-time monitoring and protection system and method for the current and energy of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester. For surge arrester equipment with high-voltage controllable surge arresters, a real-time monitoring and protection function for the current and energy of the surge arrester is designed so that the equipment can be shut down in time under extreme operating conditions, thus protecting the safe and stable operation of the equipment.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a real-time monitoring and protection system for the current and energy of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester, comprising:

[0007] A high-voltage controllable surge arrester, comprising a surge arrester fixing element, a surge arrester controllable element, and a control switch.

[0008] Current measurement module, used to measure current.

[0009] The energy calculation module is used to obtain the residual voltage of the surge arrester during the closing operation and to obtain the energy absorbed by the fixed part of the surge arrester.

[0010] The protection module is used for current imbalance protection and surge arrester energy over-limit protection.

[0011] The high-voltage controllable surge arrester is installed on the system busbar, which can be either an AC busbar or a DC busbar. The high-voltage controllable surge arrester consists of a fixed surge arrester element and a controllable surge arrester element connected in series. Zinc oxide surge arresters are typically used, composed of resistors connected in series and parallel.

[0012] Control switches are used to control the controllable components of surge arresters. Depending on the system response speed requirements, control switches can be of various types, such as power electronic switches, fast mechanical switches, slow mechanical switches, gap switches, etc., or combinations of different switches.

[0013] The working principle of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester is as follows: When the power grid system is operating normally, the control switch in the high-voltage controllable surge arrester is in the open state, and the fixed element and controllable element of the surge arrester are in a high-resistance state, with only leakage current flowing through them. When a fault occurs in the power grid system, and the control and protection system detects that the system parameters meet the conditions for the controllable surge arrester to be put into operation, it immediately sends a closing command to the control switch. After receiving the closing command, the control switch conducts for a certain period of time, short-circuiting the controllable element of the surge arrester, and only the fixed element of the surge arrester is put into operation, reducing the residual voltage of the surge arrester body, and ultimately limiting the bus overvoltage level to below the set level. The excess power of the system is absorbed by the controlled element. When the fault disappears, and the control and protection system detects that the system parameters have returned to the normal operating range, it sends a tripping command to the trigger switch, and the fixed element and controllable element of the surge arrester return to the high-resistance operating state.

[0014] In conjunction with the first aspect, the present invention provides a first possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the controllable element of the surge arrester includes a multi-column parallel surge arrester.

[0015] It has a large energy absorption capacity.

[0016] In conjunction with the first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a second possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the current measurement module includes:

[0017] Each of the aforementioned high-voltage controllable surge arresters is equipped with an electromagnetic current transformer (BCT), serving as a branch BCT. The function of the branch BCT is to measure the operating current of each surge arrester and determine its uniformity.

[0018] Each of the electromagnetic current transformers is installed between the fixed element and the controllable element of each surge arrester.

[0019] The busbar JCT unit is a fully fiber optic current transformer installed at the busbar of both the fixed and controllable elements of the surge arrester. The function of the busbar JCT is to measure the total current of the fixed element of the surge arrester and calculate the absorbed energy based on the volt-ampere curve.

[0020] In conjunction with the first aspect, this embodiment of the invention provides a third possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the energy calculation module includes:

[0021] The instruction unit is used to receive closing commands from the DC polarity control system and execute the closing operation.

[0022] The current measurement unit is used to measure the operating current of the bus branch via optical CT.

[0023] The residual voltage acquisition unit is used to acquire the residual voltage of the surge arrester based on the surge arrester's volt-ampere characteristic curve.

[0024] The calculation unit is used to obtain the energy absorbed by the fixed part of the surge arrester by integrating the product of voltage and current.

[0025] The deviation in energy calculation is related to the sampling accuracy and frequency of the optical CT in the bus branch, as well as the control cycle of the controllable surge arrester control and protection system. By configuring a high-precision, high-speed sampling optical CT and setting a small control and protection system cycle, the accuracy of the surge arrester's energy absorption calculation can be ensured.

[0026] In conjunction with the first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a fourth possible implementation of the first aspect, wherein the protection module includes:

[0027] The branch current monitoring unit is used to collect the current imbalance detection data of each branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester by the branch BCT and the bus JCT.

[0028] The current imbalance protection unit is used to determine that the current imbalance protection action of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester should be performed if the current imbalance in any single branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester is greater than the protection setting value.

[0029] The surge arrester energy over-limit protection unit is used to perform surge arrester energy over-limit protection action when the absorbed energy of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester exceeds the protection setting value.

[0030] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for real-time monitoring and protection of current and energy of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester, comprising:

[0031] The current of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester is measured, wherein the high-voltage controllable surge arrester includes a surge arrester fixed element, a surge arrester controllable element, and a control switch.

[0032] During the closing operation, the residual voltage of the surge arrester is obtained, and the energy absorbed by the fixed part of the surge arrester is obtained.

[0033] Provide current imbalance protection and surge arrester energy over-limit protection.

[0034] In conjunction with the second aspect, the embodiments of the present invention provide a first possible implementation of the second aspect, wherein the controllable element of the surge arrester includes a multi-column parallel surge arrester.

[0035] In conjunction with the second aspect, the embodiments of the present invention provide a second possible implementation of the second aspect, wherein each of the high-voltage controllable surge arresters is equipped with an electromagnetic current transformer as a branch BCT.

[0036] Each of the electromagnetic current transformers is installed between the fixed element and the controllable element of each surge arrester.

[0037] A fully fiber optic current transformer is installed at the busbar of the fixed element and the controllable element of the surge arrester, serving as a busbar JCT.

[0038] In conjunction with the second aspect, this invention provides a third possible implementation of the second aspect, wherein, during the closing operation, acquiring the residual voltage of the surge arrester and obtaining the energy absorbed by the fixed portion of the surge arrester includes:

[0039] Receive the closing command from the DC polarity control system and execute the closing operation.

[0040] The operating current of the bus branch is measured using an optical CT.

[0041] The residual voltage of the surge arrester during operation is obtained from the surge arrester's volt-ampere characteristic curve.

[0042] The energy absorbed by the fixed portion of the surge arrester is obtained by integrating the product of voltage and current.

[0043] In conjunction with the second aspect, this invention provides a fourth possible implementation of the second aspect, wherein the current imbalance protection and surge arrester energy over-limit protection include:

[0044] The current imbalance detection data of each branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester are collected by the branch BCT and the bus JCT.

[0045] If any single branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester has a current imbalance greater than the protection setting value, then the high-voltage controllable surge arrester is determined to perform an imbalance protection action.

[0046] If the energy absorbed by the high-voltage controllable surge arrester exceeds the protection setting, the surge arrester energy over-limit protection action will be performed.

[0047] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are:

[0048] This invention provides a real-time monitoring and protection system and method for the current and energy of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester. The high-voltage controllable surge arrester consists of a fixed element, a controllable element, and a control switch. The fixed element is composed of multiple parallel surge arresters with high energy absorption capacity. The method involves installing an electromagnetic current transformer (BCT) on each component between the fixed and controllable elements of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester. A fully fiber optic current transformer (JCT) is installed on the busbar. By collecting the corresponding current and configuring an energy calculation module and a protection module, real-time protection of the surge arrester device is achieved. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the real-time monitoring and protection system for the current and energy of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the real-time monitoring and protection method for current and energy of high-voltage controllable surge arresters according to the present invention;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the energy calculation principle of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0054] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 The first embodiment of the present invention provides a real-time monitoring and protection system for the current and energy of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester, comprising:

[0055] A high-voltage controllable surge arrester, comprising a surge arrester fixing element, a surge arrester controllable element, and a control switch.

[0056] Current measurement module, used to measure current.

[0057] The energy calculation module is used to obtain the residual voltage of the surge arrester during the closing operation and to obtain the energy absorbed by the fixed part of the surge arrester.

[0058] The protection module is used for current imbalance protection and surge arrester energy over-limit protection.

[0059] The high-voltage controllable surge arrester is installed on the system busbar, which can be either an AC busbar or a DC busbar. The high-voltage controllable surge arrester consists of a fixed surge arrester element and a controllable surge arrester element connected in series. Zinc oxide surge arresters are typically used, composed of resistors connected in series and parallel.

[0060] Control switches are used to control the controllable components of surge arresters. Depending on the system response speed requirements, control switches can be of various types, such as power electronic switches, fast mechanical switches, slow mechanical switches, gap switches, etc., or combinations of different switches.

[0061] The working principle of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester is as follows: When the power grid system is operating normally, the control switch in the high-voltage controllable surge arrester is in the open state, and the fixed element and controllable element of the surge arrester are in a high-resistance state, with only leakage current flowing through them. When a fault occurs in the power grid system, and the control and protection system detects that the system parameters meet the conditions for the controllable surge arrester to be put into operation, it immediately sends a closing command to the control switch. After receiving the closing command, the control switch conducts for a certain period of time, short-circuiting the controllable element of the surge arrester, and only the fixed element of the surge arrester is put into operation, reducing the residual voltage of the surge arrester body, and ultimately limiting the bus overvoltage level to below the set level. The excess power of the system is absorbed by the controlled element. When the fault disappears, and the control and protection system detects that the system parameters have returned to the normal operating range, it sends a tripping command to the trigger switch, and the fixed element and controllable element of the surge arrester return to the high-resistance operating state.

[0062] In this system, branch BCTs are installed on each surge arrester element between the fixed and controllable components, with ground insulation provided by the controlled element. n branch BCTs are installed on n surge arrester elements. The branch BCTs utilize mature electromagnetic current transformers, offering stable performance and low cost. The measured secondary current is transmitted to the control cabinet via optical fiber for electrical isolation. Each current transformer has two outputs on its secondary side, transmitting 2n measurement data to the control cabinet via a configured data acquisition unit. An isolation transformer provides power to the data acquisition unit. The data acquisition unit employs a mature opto-isolation device with a sampling rate exceeding 200kHz, 16-bit resolution, and uses the standard IEC60044-8 communication protocol. Busbar JCTs are installed on the busbar, with zero ground insulation. Installing three JCTs enables a "two-out-of-three" control and protection function. The JCT uses a high-precision all-fiber optic current transformer with a rated current of 15kA. The measurement accuracy for 1%-10% of the rated current is ≤1A, and the measurement accuracy for 300%-600% of the rated current is ±10%. The JCT's electronic unit directly transmits the measurement data to the control and protection system, eliminating the need for a merging unit. This results in a short intermediate link, fast response, and the ability to merge data from three measurement points at a 100K sampling rate.

[0063] The controllable element of the surge arrester includes a multi-column parallel surge arrester.

[0064] It has a large energy absorption capacity.

[0065] The current measurement module includes:

[0066] Each of the aforementioned high-voltage controllable surge arresters is equipped with an electromagnetic current transformer (BCT), serving as a branch BCT. The function of the branch BCT is to measure the operating current of each surge arrester and determine its uniformity.

[0067] Each of the electromagnetic current transformers is installed between the fixed element and the controllable element of each surge arrester.

[0068] The busbar JCT unit is a fully fiber optic current transformer installed at the busbar of both the fixed and controllable elements of the surge arrester. The function of the busbar JCT is to measure the total current of the fixed element of the surge arrester and calculate the absorbed energy based on the volt-ampere curve.

[0069] The energy calculation module includes:

[0070] The instruction unit is used to receive closing commands from the DC polarity control system and execute the closing operation.

[0071] The current measurement unit is used to measure the operating current of the bus branch via optical CT.

[0072] The residual voltage acquisition unit is used to acquire the residual voltage of the surge arrester based on the surge arrester's volt-ampere characteristic curve.

[0073] The calculation unit is used to obtain the energy absorbed by the fixed part of the surge arrester by integrating the product of voltage and current.

[0074] The deviation in energy calculation is related to the sampling accuracy and frequency of the optical CT in the bus branch, as well as the control cycle of the controllable surge arrester control and protection system. By configuring a high-precision, high-speed sampling optical CT and setting a small control and protection system cycle, the accuracy of the surge arrester's energy absorption calculation can be ensured.

[0075] The protection module includes:

[0076] The branch current monitoring unit is used to collect the current imbalance detection data of each branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester by the branch BCT and the bus JCT.

[0077] The current imbalance protection unit is used to determine that the current imbalance protection action of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester should be performed if the current imbalance in any single branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester is greater than the protection setting value.

[0078] The surge arrester energy over-limit protection unit is used to perform surge arrester energy over-limit protection action when the absorbed energy of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester exceeds the protection setting value.

[0079] In addition to conventional control and protection functions, current imbalance protection and surge arrester energy over-limit protection are provided to protect the surge arrester from damage. The protection modules are integrated into the system's control and protection devices.

[0080] The current imbalance detection of each branch of the fixed surge arrester is realized by using the branch BCT and the bus JCT. If the current imbalance of any single branch of the fixed element surge arrester is greater than the protection setting, the unbalance protection of the controllable surge arrester is determined to be activated. This realizes the current sharing monitoring of the fixed part of the surge arrester branches and filters out the branches with "short plates" (i.e. failed resistor plates).

[0081] Surveillance criteria:

[0082] If BCT_m-(JCT / n)>Iset (where: BCT_m is the current CT measurement of the m-th branch in the fixed part; JCT is the current of the bus branch; n=18, which is the number of branches; Iset is the unbalanced current protection setting), then the unbalanced current of the m-th branch is reported.

[0083] Export activities:

[0084] The control and protection system counts the total number J of branches with uneven current. If J > Jset (Jset is the protection setting for the number of branches with uneven current), it outputs the corresponding branch uneven current alarm to the monitoring system, and invalidates the tripping and closing permissions to the DC pole controller; otherwise, it only outputs the corresponding branch uneven current alarm to the OWS.

[0085] When the energy absorbed by the controllable surge arrester exceeds the protection setting, the surge arrester energy over-limit protection will activate.

[0086] Protection criteria:

[0087] The control system can absorb energy E from the fixed element surge arrester based on the JCT and volt-ampere characteristic curves. MOA The calculation, when E MOA >E SET (E SET If the surge arrester energy over-limit protection setting is used, the protection system sends the surge arrester energy over-limit protection action to the control system, and the control system executes the energy over-limit alarm after a "two out of three" decision.

[0088] Protective actions:

[0089] When the energy exceeds the limit, the device's opening and closing is invalid, and the controllable surge arrester will be restored to usability after a certain period of self-locking and cooling.

[0090] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 A second embodiment of the present invention provides a method for real-time monitoring and protection of current and energy of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester, comprising:

[0091] The current of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester is measured, wherein the high-voltage controllable surge arrester includes a surge arrester fixed element, a surge arrester controllable element, and a control switch.

[0092] During the closing operation, the residual voltage of the surge arrester is obtained, and the energy absorbed by the fixed part of the surge arrester is obtained.

[0093] Provide current imbalance protection and surge arrester energy over-limit protection.

[0094] The controllable element of the surge arrester includes a multi-column parallel surge arrester.

[0095] Each of the aforementioned high-voltage controllable surge arresters is equipped with an electromagnetic current transformer, serving as a branch BCT.

[0096] Each of the electromagnetic current transformers is installed between the fixed element and the controllable element of each surge arrester.

[0097] A fully fiber optic current transformer is installed at the busbar of the fixed element and the controllable element of the surge arrester, serving as a busbar JCT.

[0098] The step of obtaining the residual voltage of the surge arrester during the closing operation and obtaining the energy absorbed by the fixed part of the surge arrester includes:

[0099] Receive the closing command from the DC polarity control system and execute the closing operation.

[0100] The operating current of the bus branch is measured using an optical CT.

[0101] The residual voltage of the surge arrester during operation is obtained from the surge arrester's volt-ampere characteristic curve.

[0102] The energy absorbed by the fixed portion of the surge arrester is obtained by integrating the product of voltage and current.

[0103] The aforementioned current imbalance protection and surge arrester energy over-limit protection include:

[0104] The principle of energy calculation is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, when the current is less than the surge arrester's operating current, the bus JCT cannot detect it, and no energy calculation is performed. When a closing operation is performed, the operating current i of the bus branch is measured by the JCT. MOA The residual voltage u of the surge arrester during operation is obtained from the surge arrester's volt-ampere characteristic curve. MOA Then, by integrating the product of voltage and current, the energy E absorbed by the fixed portion of the surge arrester can be obtained. MOA The deviation in the energy absorption calculation is related to the sampling accuracy and frequency of the JCT, as well as the control cycle of the controllable surge arrester control and protection system. By configuring a high-precision (0.2S level), high-speed sampling optical CT (sampling frequency 100kHz) and ensuring that the control and protection system cycle does not exceed 50μs, the accuracy of the surge arrester energy absorption calculation is ensured.

[0105] The current imbalance detection data of each branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester are collected by the branch BCT and the bus JCT.

[0106] If any single branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester has a current imbalance greater than the protection setting value, then the high-voltage controllable surge arrester is determined to perform an imbalance protection action.

[0107] If the energy absorbed by the high-voltage controllable surge arrester exceeds the protection setting, the surge arrester energy over-limit protection action will be performed.

[0108] The embodiments of the present invention aim to protect a real-time monitoring and protection system and method for the current and energy of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester, and have the following effects:

[0109] This invention discloses a real-time monitoring and protection system and method for the current and energy of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester. The high-voltage controllable surge arrester consists of a fixed element, a controllable element, and a control switch. The fixed element is composed of multiple parallel surge arresters with high energy absorption capacity. The method involves installing an electromagnetic current transformer (BCT) on each component between the fixed and controllable elements of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester. A fully fiber optic current transformer (JCT) is installed on the busbar. By collecting the corresponding current and configuring an energy calculation module and a protection module, real-time protection of the surge arrester device is achieved.

[0110] The computer program product of the real-time monitoring and protection method and device for current and energy of high-voltage controllable surge arrester provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes a computer-readable storage medium storing program code. The instructions included in the program code can be used to execute the methods in the preceding method embodiments. For specific implementation, please refer to the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0111] Specifically, the storage medium can be a general-purpose storage medium, such as a portable disk or hard disk. When the computer program on the storage medium is run, it can execute the above-mentioned real-time monitoring and protection method for the current and energy of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester, thereby enabling the equipment to shut down in time under extreme operating conditions and protecting the safe and stable operation of the equipment.

[0112] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a processor-executable, non-volatile, computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0113] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific implementations of the present invention, used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit it. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily conceive of changes to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features; and these modifications, changes, or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring and protection system for the current and energy of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester, characterized in that, include: A high-voltage controllable surge arrester, comprising a surge arrester fixing element, a surge arrester controllable element, and a control switch; Current measurement module, used to measure current; The energy calculation module is used to obtain the residual voltage of the surge arrester during the closing operation and to obtain the energy absorbed by the fixed part of the surge arrester. The protection module is used for current imbalance protection and surge arrester energy over-limit protection; The current measurement module includes: Each of the aforementioned high-voltage controllable surge arresters is equipped with an electromagnetic current transformer, serving as a branch BCT. Each of the electromagnetic current transformers is installed between each of the fixed elements of the surge arrester and each of the controllable elements of the surge arrester; The bus JCT unit is a busbar with a fully fiber optic current transformer installed at the busbar of the fixed element and the controllable element of the surge arrester. The energy calculation module includes: The instruction unit is used to receive closing commands from the DC polarity control system and execute closing operations. The current measurement unit is used to measure the operating current of the bus branch via an optical CT. The residual voltage acquisition unit is used to acquire the residual voltage of the surge arrester based on the surge arrester's volt-ampere characteristic curve. The calculation unit is used to obtain the energy absorbed by the fixed part of the surge arrester by integrating the product of voltage and current; The protection module includes: The branch current monitoring unit is used to collect the current imbalance detection data of each branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester by the branch BCT and the bus JCT. The current imbalance protection unit is used to determine that if the current imbalance in any single branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester is greater than the protection setting value, the high-voltage controllable surge arrester will be subjected to imbalance protection action. The surge arrester energy over-limit protection unit is used to perform surge arrester energy over-limit protection action when the absorbed energy of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester exceeds the protection setting value.

2. The real-time monitoring and protection system for current and energy of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester according to claim 1, characterized in that, The controllable element of the surge arrester includes a multi-column parallel surge arrester.

3. A method for real-time monitoring and protection of current and energy of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester, characterized in that, include: Measuring the current of a high-voltage controllable surge arrester, wherein the high-voltage controllable surge arrester includes a surge arrester fixed element, a surge arrester controllable element, and a control switch; When performing the closing operation, the residual voltage of the surge arrester is obtained, and the energy absorbed by the fixed part of the surge arrester is obtained. Provide current imbalance protection and surge arrester energy over-limit protection; Each of the aforementioned high-voltage controllable surge arresters is equipped with an electromagnetic current transformer as a branch BCT; Each of the electromagnetic current transformers is installed between each of the fixed elements of the surge arrester and each of the controllable elements of the surge arrester; A fully fiber optic current transformer is installed at the busbar of the fixed element and the controllable element of the surge arrester as a busbar JCT; The process of obtaining the residual voltage of the surge arrester during the closing operation and obtaining the energy absorbed by the fixed portion of the surge arrester includes: Receive the closing command from the DC polarity control system and execute the closing operation; The operating current of the busbar was measured using an optical CT. The residual voltage of the surge arrester during operation is obtained from the surge arrester's volt-ampere characteristic curve; By integrating the product of voltage and current, the energy absorbed by the fixed part of the surge arrester can be obtained. The aforementioned current imbalance protection and surge arrester energy over-limit protection include: Collect the current imbalance detection data of each branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester by the branch BCT and the bus JCT; If any single branch of the high-voltage controllable surge arrester has a current imbalance greater than the protection setting value, then it is determined that the high-voltage controllable surge arrester will perform an imbalance protection action. If the energy absorbed by the high-voltage controllable surge arrester exceeds the protection setting, the surge arrester energy over-limit protection action will be performed.

4. The method for real-time monitoring and protection of current and energy of high-voltage controllable surge arresters according to claim 3, characterized in that, The controllable element of the surge arrester includes a multi-column parallel surge arrester.

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