A hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a hydrogen supply system and method for a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising a hydrogen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen leak detection pipeline, a hydrogenation pipeline, a pipeline pressure sensor, a fuel cell stack, an exhaust gas recovery pipeline, a hydrogen standby storage pipeline and a hydrogen supply system controller. The hydrogen supply amount of the hydrogen storage tank is judged by a flow regulating valve and a pipeline pressure sensor. When the hydrogen supply is delayed or insufficient, the hydrogen supply system controller controls the solenoid valve to be turned on, and hydrogen is supplied to the anode of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen standby storage tank. By adding a hydrogen standby storage pipeline, standby hydrogen can be replenished when the gas supply is delayed or insufficient, thereby solving the problem of delayed gas supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and in particular to a hydrogen supply system and method for a hydrogen fuel cell. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells are gradually being used in automotive power, ship power, backup power, and other fields due to their high energy efficiency, lack of moving parts, low vibration and noise, pollution-free emissions, and simple and flexible assembly. The hydrogen supply system is one of the important subsystems of fuel cells.

[0003] However, the hydrogen supply system in the existing technology has the problem of gas supply lag, and the gas supply lag of the hydrogen supply system will directly lead to a lag in the output power response of the hydrogen fuel cell system, thereby weakening the performance of the fuel cell. Therefore, it is necessary to have a hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system and method that has a strong design practicality and can supplement backup hydrogen when the gas supply is delayed or insufficient by adding a hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline, so as to solve the gas supply lag problem. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen supply system and method for a hydrogen fuel cell to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system, including a hydrogen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen leak detection pipeline, a hydrogenation pipeline, a pipeline pressure sensor, a fuel cell stack, an exhaust gas recovery pipeline, a hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline and a hydrogen supply system controller.

[0006] The hydrogen storage tank is connected to the pressure reducing valve, and the pressure reducing valve is connected to a hydrogen leak detection pipeline, the pressure reducing valve is connected to the hydrogenation pipeline, and the hydrogenation pipeline is connected to a pipeline pressure sensor, the hydrogenation pipeline is connected to the electric anode of the fuel cell, the cathode and anode of the fuel cell stack are connected to the tail gas recovery pipeline, the tail gas recovery pipeline is connected to the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline, the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline is connected to the hydrogenation pipeline, the hydrogen leak detection pipeline is connected to the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline, the hydrogen leak detection pipeline, the pipeline pressure sensor, the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline and the hydrogenation pipeline are all electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller.

[0007] According to the above technical solution, the hydrogen leak detection pipeline includes a hydrogen leak sensor and a pressure relief valve A connected to the pressure reducing valve. The hydrogen leak sensor and the pressure relief valve A are both electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller, and the pressure relief valve A is connected to the input end of the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline.

[0008] According to the above technical solution, the hydrogenation pipeline includes an electromagnetic stop valve connected to the pressure reducing valve, the electromagnetic stop valve is connected to an ejector, the ejector is connected to a flow regulating valve, the flow regulating valve is connected to a humidifier, the humidifier is connected to the anode of the fuel cell stack, the pipeline pressure sensor is connected to the pipeline between the flow regulating valve and the humidifier, the pipeline between the electromagnetic stop valve and the ejector is connected to the output end of the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline, and the electromagnetic stop valve and the quantity regulating valve are both electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller.

[0009] According to the above technical solution, the exhaust gas recovery and utilization pipeline includes a condenser connected to the cathode of the fuel cell stack, the condenser is connected to an exhaust valve, the anode of the fuel cell stack is connected to an exhaust gas filter, the exhaust gas filter is connected to a supercharger, and the supercharger is connected to the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline.

[0010] According to the above technical solution, the condenser is connected to the humidifier.

[0011] According to the above technical solution, the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline includes a one-way valve connected to the supercharger, the one-way valve is connected to the hydrogen backup gas storage tank, and the one-way valve is unidirectionally conducted from the supercharger to the hydrogen backup gas storage tank, the hydrogen backup gas storage tank is connected to a solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is connected to the hydrogenation pipeline, the hydrogen backup gas storage tank is connected to the output end of the hydrogen leak detection pipeline, the hydrogen backup gas storage tank is connected to a pressure relief valve B, and the pressure relief valve B and the solenoid valve are both electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller.

[0012] According to the above technical solution, the pressure relief valve B is connected to a nitrogen tank.

[0013] A method for controlling a hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system, the method comprising:

[0014] The hydrogen supply of the hydrogen storage tank is determined by the flow control valve and the pipeline pressure sensor. When the hydrogen supply is insufficient, the hydrogen supply system controller controls the solenoid valve to conduct and supply hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen backup storage tank;

[0015] The anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack is filtered by the exhaust filter, pressurized by the supercharger, and then stored in the hydrogen backup gas tank as one of the sources of backup hydrogen;

[0016] When the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is too high, the pressure is released through the pressure relief valve A, and the discharged hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen backup storage tank as another source of backup hydrogen;

[0017] When the pressure of the hydrogen backup gas tank is too high, the pressure is released through the pressure relief valve B, and the nitrogen tank is opened at the same time to improve the safety during pressure relief.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) The hydrogen supply of the hydrogen storage tank is judged by the flow regulating valve and the pipeline pressure sensor. When the hydrogen supply is delayed or insufficient, the hydrogen supply system controller controls the solenoid valve to be turned on, and hydrogen is supplied to the anode of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen backup storage tank. By adding a hydrogen backup storage pipeline, when the gas supply is delayed or insufficient, the backup hydrogen can be supplemented to solve the problem of delayed gas supply.

[0020] (2) The anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack is filtered through the exhaust filter, pressurized by the supercharger, and then stored in the hydrogen backup tank as one of the sources of backup hydrogen; when the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is too high, the pressure is released through the pressure relief valve A, and the discharged hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen backup tank as another source of backup hydrogen; when the pressure in the hydrogen backup tank is too high, the pressure is released through the pressure relief valve B, and the nitrogen tank is opened at the same time as the pressure is released, and the nitrogen is used to improve the safety during the pressure release.

[0021] (3) Through the design of the exhaust gas recovery and utilization pipeline, the cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack is passed into the condenser, and the blown air in the exhaust gas is condensed and then introduced into the humidifier for reuse; the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack is passed into the exhaust filter for filtration, and then pressurized by the supercharger and stored in the hydrogen standby gas storage tank for standby use, thereby realizing the rational treatment of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack, recycling and reusing the moisture and residual hydrogen, and reducing energy waste. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic block diagram of the electrical connection structure of the hydrogen supply system controller of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] See also Figure 1-2 , the present invention provides embodiment 1:

[0027] A hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system includes a hydrogen storage tank, a pressure reducing valve, a hydrogen leak detection pipeline, a hydrogen filling pipeline, a pipeline pressure sensor, a fuel cell stack, an exhaust gas recovery pipeline, a hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline and a hydrogen supply system controller.

[0028] The hydrogen storage tank is connected to the pressure reducing valve, and the pressure reducing valve is connected to a hydrogen leak detection pipeline. The pressure reducing valve is connected to the hydrogenation pipeline, and the hydrogenation pipeline is connected to a pipeline pressure sensor. The hydrogenation pipeline is connected to the electric anode of the fuel cell. The cathode and anode of the fuel cell stack are connected to the exhaust gas recovery pipeline. The exhaust gas recovery pipeline is connected to the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline. The hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline is connected to the hydrogenation pipeline. The hydrogen leak detection pipeline is connected to the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline. The hydrogen leak detection pipeline, the pipeline pressure sensor, the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline and the hydrogenation pipeline are all electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller.

[0029] The hydrogen supply of the hydrogen storage tank is determined by the flow regulating valve and the pipeline pressure sensor. When the hydrogen supply is delayed or insufficient, the hydrogen supply system controller controls the solenoid valve to conduct, and supplies hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen backup storage tank. By adding a hydrogen backup storage pipeline, when the gas supply is delayed or insufficient, the backup hydrogen can be supplemented to solve the problem of delayed gas supply.

[0030] Specifically, the hydrogen leak detection pipeline includes a hydrogen leak sensor and a pressure relief valve A connected to the pressure reducing valve. The hydrogen leak sensor and the pressure relief valve A are both electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller, and the pressure relief valve A is connected to the input end of the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline.

[0031] Specifically, the hydrogenation pipeline includes an electromagnetic stop valve connected to the pressure reducing valve, the electromagnetic stop valve is connected to the ejector, the ejector is connected to the flow regulating valve, the flow regulating valve is connected to the humidifier, the humidifier is connected to the anode of the fuel cell stack, the pipeline pressure sensor is connected to the pipeline between the flow regulating valve and the humidifier, the pipeline between the electromagnetic stop valve and the ejector is connected to the output end of the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline, and the electromagnetic stop valve and the quantity regulating valve are both electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller.

[0032] Specifically, the exhaust gas recovery and utilization pipeline includes a condenser connected to the cathode of the fuel cell stack, the condenser is connected to an exhaust valve, the anode of the fuel cell stack is connected to an exhaust gas filter, the exhaust gas filter is connected to a supercharger, and the supercharger is connected to the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline.

[0033] Specifically, the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline includes a one-way valve connected to the supercharger, the one-way valve is connected to the hydrogen backup gas storage tank, and the one-way valve is unidirectionally conducted from the supercharger to the hydrogen backup gas storage tank, the hydrogen backup gas storage tank is connected to a solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is connected to the hydrogen refueling pipeline, the hydrogen backup gas storage tank is connected to the output end of the hydrogen leak detection pipeline, the hydrogen backup gas storage tank is connected to a pressure relief valve B, and the pressure relief valve B and the solenoid valve are both electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller.

[0034] Through the design of the exhaust gas recovery and utilization pipeline, the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack is passed into the exhaust gas filter for filtration, then pressurized by the supercharger and stored in the hydrogen backup gas tank for standby use, thereby realizing the rational treatment of the exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack, recycling and reusing the residual hydrogen, and reducing energy waste.

[0035] A method for controlling a hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system, the method comprising:

[0036] The hydrogen supply of the hydrogen storage tank is determined by the flow control valve and the pipeline pressure sensor. When the hydrogen supply is insufficient, the hydrogen supply system controller controls the solenoid valve to conduct and supply hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen backup storage tank;

[0037] The anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack is filtered by the exhaust filter, pressurized by the supercharger, and then stored in the hydrogen backup gas tank as one of the sources of backup hydrogen;

[0038] When the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is too high, the pressure is released through the pressure relief valve A, and the discharged hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen backup storage tank as another source of backup hydrogen.

[0039] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the condenser is connected to the humidifier, the cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack is passed into the condenser, the blown air in the exhaust gas is condensed and then introduced into the humidifier for reuse, the moisture is recycled and reused, and energy waste is reduced.

[0040] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the pressure relief valve B is connected to the nitrogen tank. When the pressure of the hydrogen backup gas tank is too high, the pressure is relieved through the pressure relief valve B, and the nitrogen tank is opened at the same time as the pressure is relieved, using nitrogen to improve safety during pressure relief.

[0041] Working principle:

[0042] The present invention uses a flow control valve and a pipeline pressure sensor to determine the hydrogen supply amount of the hydrogen storage tank. When the hydrogen supply is delayed or insufficient, the hydrogen supply system controller controls the solenoid valve to conduct, and supplies hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen backup storage tank. By adding a hydrogen backup storage pipeline, when the gas supply is delayed or insufficient, the backup hydrogen can be replenished, thereby solving the problem of delayed gas supply.

[0043] Through the design of the exhaust gas recovery and utilization pipeline, the cathode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack is passed into the condenser, and the blown air in the exhaust gas is condensed and then introduced into the humidifier for reuse; the anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack is passed into the exhaust filter for filtration, and then pressurized by the supercharger and stored in the hydrogen backup gas tank for standby use, thereby realizing the rational treatment of the fuel cell stack exhaust, recycling and reusing moisture and residual hydrogen, and reducing energy waste.

[0044] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above descriptions are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or substitute equivalents for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system, characterized by: It includes hydrogen storage tanks, pressure reducing valves, hydrogen leak detection pipelines, hydrogen refueling pipelines, pipeline pressure sensors, fuel cell stacks, tail gas recovery pipelines, hydrogen backup gas storage pipelines and hydrogen supply system controllers. The hydrogen storage tank is connected to the pressure reducing valve, and the pressure reducing valve is connected to a hydrogen leak detection pipeline, the pressure reducing valve is connected to the hydrogenation pipeline, and the hydrogenation pipeline is connected to a pipeline pressure sensor, the hydrogenation pipeline is connected to the anode of the fuel cell stack, the cathode and anode of the fuel cell stack are connected to the tail gas recovery pipeline, the tail gas recovery pipeline is connected to the hydrogen standby gas storage pipeline, the hydrogen standby gas storage pipeline is connected to the hydrogenation pipeline, the hydrogen leak detection pipeline is connected to the hydrogen standby gas storage pipeline, and the hydrogen leak detection pipeline, the pipeline pressure sensor, the hydrogen standby gas storage pipeline and the hydrogenation pipeline are all electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller; The hydrogen leak detection pipeline includes a hydrogen leak sensor and a pressure relief valve A connected to the pressure reducing valve. The hydrogen leak sensor and the pressure relief valve A are both electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller. The pressure relief valve A is connected to the input end of the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline; The hydrogenation pipeline includes an electromagnetic stop valve connected to the pressure reducing valve, the electromagnetic stop valve is connected to an ejector, the ejector is connected to a flow regulating valve, the flow regulating valve is connected to a humidifier, the humidifier is connected to the anode of the fuel cell stack, the pipeline pressure sensor is connected to the pipeline between the flow regulating valve and the humidifier, the pipeline between the electromagnetic stop valve and the ejector is connected to the output end of the hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline, and the electromagnetic stop valve and the quantity regulating valve are both electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller.

2. A hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail gas recovery pipeline includes a condenser connected to the cathode of the fuel cell stack, the condenser is connected to an exhaust valve, the anode of the fuel cell stack is connected to an exhaust gas filter, the exhaust gas filter is connected to a supercharger, and the supercharger is connected to a hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline.

3. A hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The condenser is communicated with the humidifier.

4. A hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The hydrogen backup gas storage pipeline includes a one-way valve connected to the supercharger, the one-way valve is connected to the hydrogen backup gas storage tank, and the one-way valve is unidirectional from the supercharger to the hydrogen backup gas storage tank. The hydrogen backup gas storage tank is connected to a solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is connected to the hydrogenation pipeline, the hydrogen backup gas storage tank is connected to the output end of the hydrogen leak detection pipeline, and the hydrogen backup gas storage tank is connected to a pressure relief valve B. The pressure relief valve B and the solenoid valve are both electrically connected to the hydrogen supply system controller.

5. A hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressure relief valve B is connected to a nitrogen tank.

6. A method for controlling a hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises: The hydrogen supply of the hydrogen storage tank is determined by the flow control valve and the pipeline pressure sensor. When the hydrogen supply is insufficient, the hydrogen supply system controller controls the solenoid valve to conduct and supply hydrogen to the anode of the fuel cell stack through the hydrogen backup storage tank; The anode exhaust gas of the fuel cell stack is filtered by the exhaust filter, pressurized by the supercharger, and then stored in the hydrogen backup gas tank as one of the sources of backup hydrogen; When the pressure in the hydrogen storage tank is too high, the pressure is released through the pressure relief valve A, and the discharged hydrogen is introduced into the hydrogen backup storage tank as another source of backup hydrogen; When the pressure of the hydrogen backup gas tank is too high, the pressure is released through the pressure relief valve B, and the nitrogen tank is opened at the same time to improve the safety during pressure relief.

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