A magnetic gear-based helicopter continuously variable transmission mechanism

Abstract

The application provides a helicopter stepless speed change transmission mechanism based on a magnetic gear, which comprises an engine, a gear box, a magnetic gear and a rotating speed control module; the engine is provided with an engine output shaft; the gear box is provided with a gear box input shaft and a gear box output shaft, and the gear box input shaft is connected with the engine output shaft; the magnetic gear comprises an inner ring, an outer ring and a modulation ring arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring; the inner ring is connected with the gear box output shaft; the rotating speed control module is connected with the outer ring; the rotating speed control module is used for controlling the rotating speed of the magnetic gear; a rotating wing output shaft is connected with the modulation ring; the rotating wing output shaft is provided with a rotating wing system; the helicopter rotating wing rotating speed is adjusted in a wide range through the magnetic gear device, so that the flight control property and the efficiency of the helicopter are improved, and the weight of the transmission system is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the technical field of aviation equipment transmission systems, and particularly relates to a continuously variable transmission mechanism for helicopters based on magnetic gears. Background Technology

[0002] Studies have shown that variable rotor speed technology, by adjusting the main rotor speed to adapt to various flight conditions, can improve the operational performance and efficiency of helicopters, and achieve better acoustic characteristics. Adjusting the rotor speed can avoid tip stall of the advancing blade, increase the maximum forward speed, reduce rotor noise, and extend the life of aero-engine and transmission system components, bringing significant benefits to future research on heavy helicopters, tiltrotor aircraft, and rotor variant technologies.

[0003] However, by adjusting the speed of the turbine engine, less than 3% of the speed adjustment range can be obtained, and the gear ratio of the transmission system reducer is fixed. Therefore, in existing helicopter equipment, the rotor speed can generally be considered to be constant during operation.

[0004] Current research on variable speed technology focuses on changing the transmission ratio of the transmission system to achieve rotor speed variation. However, this is mainly limited by the existing mechanical gear model. The transmission ratio is determined by the relationship between the number of teeth on different gears. When the system is assembled, one set of gears corresponds to a fixed reduction ratio. To achieve multi-speed transmission similar to that in automobiles, multiple sets of gears need to be combined. This leads to a significant increase in the complexity of the transmission system, and the increased weight also becomes unacceptable for the entire system.

[0005] Therefore, a simple, weight-controllable transmission mechanism and its implementation method are problems that must be overcome for the future development of this technology. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, in a first aspect, this application provides a helicopter continuously variable transmission mechanism based on magnetic gears, comprising:

[0007] An engine, having an engine output shaft;

[0008] A gearbox having a gearbox input shaft and a gearbox output shaft, wherein the gearbox input shaft is connected to the engine output shaft;

[0009] A magnetic gear includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and a modulation ring disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring; the inner ring is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox.

[0010] A speed control module is connected to the outer ring; wherein, the speed control module is used to control the speed of the magnetic gear;

[0011] A rotor output shaft is connected to the modulation ring; wherein a rotor system is provided on the rotor output shaft.

[0012] Preferably, the gearbox includes a steering gearbox and / or a reduction gearbox.

[0013] Preferably, the magnetic gear includes a coaxial radially modulated magnetic gear.

[0014] Preferably, the speed control module includes:

[0015] The driver is connected to the outer ring;

[0016] A controller is connected to the driver; wherein the controller is used to control the rotational speed of the outer ring.

[0017] Secondly, this application also provides a helicopter continuously variable transmission mechanism based on magnetic gears, comprising:

[0018] An engine, having an engine output shaft;

[0019] A magnetic gear includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and a modulation ring disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring; the inner ring is connected to the engine output shaft;

[0020] A speed control module is connected to the outer ring; wherein, the speed control module is used to control the speed of the magnetic gear;

[0021] A gearbox having a gearbox input shaft and a gearbox output shaft, wherein the gearbox input shaft is connected to the modulation ring;

[0022] The rotor system is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox.

[0023] Preferably, the gearbox includes a steering gearbox and / or a reduction gearbox.

[0024] Preferably, the magnetic gear includes a coaxial radially modulated magnetic gear.

[0025] Preferably, the speed control module includes:

[0026] The driver is connected to the outer ring;

[0027] A controller is connected to the driver; wherein the controller is used to control the rotational speed of the outer ring.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial technical effects of this application are as follows:

[0029] This application utilizes a magnetic gear device to achieve a wide range of stepless speed adjustment of the helicopter rotor speed, thereby improving the helicopter's flight control and efficiency, significantly reducing the weight of the transmission system, and providing an ideal transmission method for the development and application of future new helicopters. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a helicopter continuously variable transmission mechanism based on magnetic gears provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a magnetic gear provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of another helicopter continuously variable transmission mechanism based on magnetic gears provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0033] Wherein: 1-Inner ring; 11-Inner ring permanent magnet; 12-Inner ring hub; 2-Modulation ring; 21-Soft magnetic column; 22-Support column; 3-Outer ring; 31-Outer ring permanent magnet; 32-Outer ring shell; 4-Power input shaft; 5-Rotor output shaft; 6-Speed ​​control module; 7-Engine; 8-Rotor system; 9-Gearbox. Detailed Implementation

[0034] This application provides a continuously variable transmission mechanism for helicopters based on magnetic gears. The power shaft is connected to the inner ring of a modulated magnetic gear, and the rotor shaft is connected to a component in either the modulated ring or the outer ring of the magnetic gear. A speed control module controls another component in either the modulated ring or the outer ring of the magnetic gear that is not connected to the rotor. By utilizing the speed distribution principle of different rotating components of the modulated magnetic gear, a wide range of continuously variable speed adjustment of the helicopter rotor speed is achieved, so that the helicopter engine is at its optimal output while the rotor is at its optimal dynamic and acoustic state.

[0035] Among them, the magnetic gear is a type of modulated magnetic gear. The modulating ring is formed by a grid of soft magnetic material, which modulates the magnetic fields of the inner and outer rings with different pole numbers, so that the air gap magnetic fields of the two rings are coupled, thereby realizing the distribution of torque and speed among the rings, and realizing power transmission and speed regulation.

[0036] Furthermore, magnetic gears can have various structural designs, including radial modulation and axial modulation types. The inner ring can utilize a permanent magnet multi-pole magnetic field, or an excitation winding can be used to create a multi-pole magnetic field. Additionally, the outer ring can also utilize an excitation winding to create a multi-pole magnetic field, thereby improving speed control capabilities.

[0037] In one feasible implementation, a continuously variable transmission mechanism connects the power shaft to the inner ring of a modulated magnetic gear, connects the rotor shaft to a component in either the magnetic gear modulation ring or the outer ring, and controls another component in either the magnetic gear modulation ring or the outer ring that is not connected to the rotor.

[0038] The speed control module consists of a controller and a driver. The controller acquires the speed value and compares it with the command from the helicopter's central system. Using a certain calculation method, it controls the driver to adjust the speed of the connected components, thereby achieving the adjustment of the speed of the components connected to the rotor.

[0039] Furthermore, the speed control drive mainly controls the shaft speed by applying resistance torque, which can be an eddy current magnetic powder damper, a permanent magnet damper, a mechanical damper, or a motor-driven brake, etc.

[0040] It should be noted that this application can be applied to turbine-powered helicopters, electric helicopters, and other systems with similar speed-changing requirements.

[0041] This application utilizes a magnetic gear device to achieve a wide range of stepless speed adjustment of the helicopter rotor speed, thereby improving the helicopter's flight control and efficiency, significantly reducing the weight of the transmission system, and providing an ideal transmission method for the development and application of future new helicopters.

[0042] In other embodiments of this application, a typical layout of a helicopter continuously variable transmission mechanism based on magnetic gears is provided, applicable to various helicopter architectures. Please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 1 .

[0043] The output shaft of engine 7 is introduced into steering gearbox 9 to achieve 90° rotation. Depending on the transmission ratio required by different engine models and needs, gearbox 9 can be a gear layout with only steering or a gearbox with steering and deceleration. The output shaft of the gearbox is connected to the inner ring 1 of the magnetic gear as the power input of the magnetic gear, driving the inner ring 1 of the magnetic gear to rotate at high speed.

[0044] This magnetic gear is a coaxial radial modulation type magnetic gear; please refer to [link / reference]. Figure 2 According to the well-known principle of modulated magnetic gears, when the number of poles of the inner ring 1, outer ring 3 and modulating ring 2 of the magnetic gear meets the numerical requirements of equation (1), the power input of the inner ring can be converted into the torque output of the modulating ring and the outer ring, and conforms to the law of equation (2).

[0045] n p =P i +P o (1)

[0046]

[0047] Among them, P i Let ω be the number of pole pairs of the inner ring permanent magnet 11, and its angular velocity be ω. i P o Let ω be the number of pole pairs of the outer ring permanent magnet 31, and its angular velocity be ω. o n p The modulation ring pole number is the number of grids in the soft magnetic column 21, and its angular velocity is ω. p Equation (1) shows the polarity relationship of the three rings, while Equation (2) shows that the rotation direction of the outer ring 3 is opposite to that of the inner ring 1, while the rotation direction of the modulation ring 2 is the same as that of the inner ring 1.

[0048] In one feasible implementation, the inner ring 1 has 4 pole pairs, the outer ring 3 has 8 pole pairs, and the modulation ring 2 has 12 poles, forming a reduction gear. According to the relationship in equation (2), when the modulation ring 2 is fixed, the maximum reduction ratio of the outer ring 3 is 2, and when the outer ring 3 is stationary, the maximum reduction ratio of the modulation ring 2 is 3. Of course, when additional assistance is added, such as making the outer ring 3 rotate clockwise, the modulation ring 2 will obtain a higher reduction ratio.

[0049] Furthermore, based on the above principles, modulation ring 2 is connected to rotor output shaft 5; outer ring 3 is connected to speed control driver of speed control module 6.

[0050] As mentioned earlier, the outer ring rotational speed can be controlled by adding or subtracting the outer ring rotational resistance, such as with eddy current magnetic powder dampers, permanent magnet damping devices, and hysteresis motors. Maintain ω i The engine remains constant, meaning it always operates at its optimal efficiency point, by adjusting ω. o That's how ω was achieved. p The speed change function is continuously adjusted. Using the WZ8 engine as the power source, with an output speed of 6000 rpm, if the main reducer has a gear ratio of 3, the speed range of the rotor can be provided from 0 to 667 rpm using the speed change mechanism in this example.

[0051] In other embodiments of this application, the overall architecture is similar to that of the embodiments described above, the only difference being that the transmission mechanism is positioned at the front and connected to the engine 7. This structure is suitable for heavy helicopter structures because, in current technical approaches, magnetic gears may result in a sharp increase in weight when directly outputting high torque; therefore, the transmission mechanism is positioned at the front. Please refer to [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 .

[0052] In this system, the engine output shaft becomes the input shaft of the transmission mechanism, connected to the inner ring 1 of the magnetic gear. The input shaft of the reducer is connected to the magnetic gear modulation ring 2, and the outer ring 3 is connected to the driver of the speed control module. When the engine output is 21,000 rpm, the magnetic gear continuous transmission can output a speed of 0 to 7,000 rpm. The main reducer only needs to provide a transmission ratio of 20 to achieve efficient thrust output of the rotor.

Claims

1. A continuously variable transmission mechanism for helicopters based on magnetic gears, characterized in that, include: An engine, having an engine output shaft; A gearbox having a gearbox input shaft and a gearbox output shaft, wherein the gearbox input shaft is connected to the engine output shaft; A magnetic gear includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and a modulation ring disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring; the inner ring is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox; the modulation ring is formed by a grid of soft magnetic material, which modulates the magnetic fields of the inner ring and the outer ring with different pole numbers, so that the air gap magnetic fields of the two are coupled, thereby realizing the distribution of torque and speed among the rings, realizing power transmission and speed regulation; A speed control module is connected to the outer ring; wherein, the speed control module is used to control the speed of the magnetic gear; A rotor output shaft is connected to the modulation ring; wherein a rotor system is provided on the rotor output shaft; Among them, the magnetic gear is a coaxial radial modulation type magnetic gear. When the number of poles of the inner ring, outer ring and modulation ring of the magnetic gear meets the numerical requirements of formula (1), the power input of the inner ring is converted to the torque output of the modulation ring and the outer ring, and conforms to the law of formula (2). （1） （2） Among them, P i Let ω be the number of pole pairs of the inner ring permanent magnet, and its angular velocity be ω. i ;P o Let ω be the number of pole pairs of the outer ring permanent magnet, and its angular velocity be ω. o ;n p The modulation ring pole number, i.e., the number of grids in the soft magnetic column, has an angular velocity of ω. p Equation (1) shows the polarity relationship of the three rings, while Equation (2) shows that the rotation direction of the outer ring is opposite to that of the inner ring, while the rotation direction of the modulation ring is the same as that of the inner ring. Among them, the inner ring has 4 pairs of poles, the outer ring has 8 pairs of poles, and the modulation ring has 12 poles, which is a kind of reduction gear; according to the relationship of formula (2), when the modulation ring is fixed, the maximum reduction ratio of the outer ring is 2, and when the outer ring is stationary, the maximum reduction ratio of the modulation ring is 3; the rotational speed of the outer ring is controlled by adding or subtracting the rotational resistance of the outer ring; The gearbox includes a steering gearbox and / or a reduction gearbox; The magnetic gear includes a coaxial radial modulation type magnetic gear; The speed control module includes: The driver is connected to the outer ring; A controller is connected to the driver; wherein the controller is used to control the rotational speed of the outer ring.

2. A continuously variable transmission mechanism for helicopters based on magnetic gears, characterized in that, include: An engine, having an engine output shaft; A magnetic gear includes an inner ring, an outer ring, and a modulation ring disposed between the inner ring and the outer ring; the inner ring is connected to the engine output shaft; the modulation ring is formed by a grid of soft magnetic material, which modulates the magnetic fields of the inner ring and the outer ring with different pole numbers, so that the air gap magnetic fields of the two are coupled, thereby realizing the distribution of torque and speed among the rings, realizing power transmission and speed regulation; A speed control module is connected to the outer ring; wherein, the speed control module is used to control the speed of the magnetic gear; A gearbox having a gearbox input shaft and a gearbox output shaft, wherein the gearbox input shaft is connected to the modulation ring; The rotor system is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox; Among them, the magnetic gear is a coaxial radial modulation type magnetic gear. When the number of poles of the inner ring, outer ring and modulation ring of the magnetic gear meets the numerical requirements of formula (1), the power input of the inner ring is converted to the torque output of the modulation ring and the outer ring, and conforms to the law of formula (2). （1） （2） Among them, P i Let ω be the number of pole pairs of the inner ring permanent magnet, and its angular velocity be ω. i ;P o Let ω be the number of pole pairs of the outer ring permanent magnet, and its angular velocity be ω. o ;n p The modulation ring pole number, i.e., the number of grids in the soft magnetic column, has an angular velocity of ω. p Equation (1) shows the polarity relationship of the three rings, while Equation (2) shows that the rotation direction of the outer ring is opposite to that of the inner ring, while the rotation direction of the modulation ring is the same as that of the inner ring. Among them, the inner ring has 4 pole pairs, the outer ring has 8 pole pairs, and the modulation ring has 12 poles, which is a kind of reduction gear; according to the relationship of formula (2), when the modulation ring is fixed, the maximum reduction ratio of the outer ring is 2, and when the outer ring is stationary, the maximum reduction ratio of the modulation ring is 3; the rotational speed of the outer ring is controlled by adding or subtracting the rotational resistance of the outer ring.

3. The helicopter continuously variable transmission mechanism based on magnetic gears according to claim 2, characterized in that, The gearbox includes a steering gearbox and / or a reduction gearbox.

4. The helicopter continuously variable transmission mechanism based on magnetic gears according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnetic gear includes a coaxial radially modulated magnetic gear.

5. The helicopter continuously variable transmission mechanism based on magnetic gears according to claim 4, characterized in that, The speed control module includes: The driver is connected to the outer ring; A controller is connected to the driver; wherein the controller is used to control the rotational speed of the outer ring.

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