Method for controlling the forming of a shaft earth dam

Abstract

The application discloses a control forming method of a chute soil retaining wall, which comprises the following steps: determining the position of the chute in the communication passage, making the distance between the operation surface of the communication passage and the side wall of the chute be 0.7-1 m through multiple blasting, constructing multiple buffer blast holes at a position with a first distance from the bottom plate of the communication passage, constructing multiple blasting holes at a position with a second distance above the buffer blast holes, blasting in the blasting holes, and finally crushing the rock and soil above the blasting holes until the communication passage and the chute are connected in the area above the blasting holes, and the lower part of the blasting hole forms the soil retaining wall, which is a primary rock soil retaining wall, and the main body of the soil retaining wall is not damaged by blasting, is firm and durable, solves the problem that the soil retaining wall is frequently repaired during the slag throwing process of the scraper, increases the safety factor of the driver of the scraper, and improves the scraping efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of blasting construction technology, and in particular to a method for controlling the forming of a chute retaining wall. Background Technology

[0002] A ore pass is a dedicated shaft or tunnel in a mine specifically designed for the transportation and handling of ore (slag). The excavation process is the first step in underground mining. The tunnel excavation involves four sequential steps: drilling, blasting, shoveling, and support. After blasting, all the slag is dumped into the ore pass using a shovel. To prevent the shovel from falling into the ore pass during the dumping process, temporary earth retaining walls are constructed by the shovel before its use.

[0003] However, this method has limitations. The temporary earth retainer has poor stability. During use, the height and stability of the earth retainer are damaged by the continuous dumping of slag by the loader. It requires constant maintenance to ensure the safety of the loader operation, which increases the labor intensity of the loader driver and also poses certain safety risks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this application provides a method for controlling the forming of earth retainers for manholes, thereby solving the problems of poor stability and frequent repairs required for temporary earth retainers in existing technologies.

[0005] The above-mentioned objectives of the present invention are mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for controlling the forming of a chute retainer, comprising:

[0007] S1. Determine the location of the chute in the connecting tunnel;

[0008] S2. Through multiple blasts, the distance between the working face of the connecting tunnel and the side wall of the chute is reduced to 0.7-1m;

[0009] S3. Construct multiple buffer blast holes at intervals at a first distance from the bottom plate of the connecting tunnel, and construct multiple blasting holes at intervals at a second distance above the buffer blast holes, and carry out blasting in the blasting holes;

[0010] The buffer blast hole is constructed at the first vertical distance from the bottom surface of the connecting tunnel.

[0011] S4. Break up the rock and soil above the blast hole until a connecting passage and chute are formed in the area above the blast hole, and a soil retainer is formed below the blast hole.

[0012] Furthermore, step S1, determining the location of the chute, includes the following steps:

[0013] S1.1, Demolish the working face of the connecting tunnel and record the blasting and excavation distance of the connecting tunnel;

[0014] S1.2. Compare the designed distance between the connecting tunnel and the chute with the blasting excavation distance of the connecting tunnel, and when the working face of the connecting tunnel is 10m away from the designed position of the chute, construct the first exploratory boreholes in the middle and on both sides of the working face of the connecting tunnel.

[0015] S1.3. Stop blasting after the first test hole connects with the ore pass and determine the location of the ore pass.

[0016] Furthermore, in step S1.3, after the first test hole penetrates the chute, the following steps are also included: constructing multiple second test holes at intervals on the working face of the connecting tunnel, and determining the detailed location of the chute through the depth data of the multiple second test holes, and adjusting the direction of the connecting tunnel excavation until it is precisely connected to the chute.

[0017] Furthermore, when constructing the second test borehole, the construction is carried out sequentially from one side to the other in the horizontal direction and from one side to the other in the vertical direction.

[0018] Furthermore, the distance between any two adjacent second probe holes is 0.5m in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0019] Furthermore, during the multiple blasting operations of the connecting road face in step S2, the following steps are included: recording and comparing the designed distance between the connecting road and the chute with the blasting excavation distance of the connecting road, until the distance between the connecting road face and the designed position of the chute is 2m, constructing a blasting hole with a depth of 1m at the connecting road face, and filling the bottom of the blasting hole with foamed mud to buffer the blasting impact.

[0020] Furthermore, the depth of the sludge is 0.1m.

[0021] Furthermore, in step S3, multiple buffer blast holes are located at the same horizontal level, and the distance between adjacent buffer blast holes is 0.3m.

[0022] Furthermore, in step S3, a buffer layer is formed between the multiple buffer blast holes and the multiple blasting holes. After blasting in the blasting holes, the buffer layer is loosened.

[0023] Furthermore, in step S3, the first distance is 1m and the second distance is 0.5m.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] This invention first determines the location of the chute in the connecting tunnel, and then uses multiple blasts to make the distance between the working face of the connecting tunnel and the side wall of the chute 0.7-1m. Next, multiple buffer blast holes are constructed at intervals at a first distance from the bottom plate of the connecting tunnel, and multiple blasting holes are constructed at intervals at a second distance above the buffer blast holes. Blasting is then carried out within these blasting holes. Finally, the rock and soil above the blasting holes are broken until a connection between the connecting tunnel and the chute is formed in the area above the blasting holes. A soil retainer is formed below the blasting holes. This soil retainer is made of original rock and soil, and its main body is not damaged by blasting, making it sturdy and durable. This solves the problem of frequent soil retainer repairs during the dumping of slag by the loader, while also increasing the safety factor for the loader operator and improving the loader's efficiency. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the description of these embodiments is for the purpose of aiding understanding the present invention, but does not constitute a limitation thereof. The specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are only for describing exemplary embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention can be embodied in many alternative forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0027] A method for controlling the forming of a chute retainer, comprising:

[0028] S1. Determine the location of the chute in the connecting tunnel;

[0029] S2. Through multiple blasts, the distance between the working face of the connecting tunnel and the side wall of the chute is reduced to 0.7-1m;

[0030] S3. Construct multiple buffer blast holes at intervals at a first distance from the bottom plate of the connecting tunnel, and construct multiple blasting holes at intervals at a second distance above the buffer blast holes, and carry out blasting in the blasting holes;

[0031] The blasting is carried out inside the buffer blast hole, and multiple buffer blast holes are used to ensure that the explosion after the upper blast hole is blasted does not affect the soil retaining part below the blast hole.

[0032] S4. Break up the rock and soil above the blast hole until a connecting passage and chute are formed in the area above the blast hole, and a soil retainer is formed below the blast hole.

[0033] The principle of this embodiment is as follows: First, the location of the chute is determined in the connecting tunnel. Then, through multiple blasts, the distance between the working face of the connecting tunnel and the side wall of the chute is 0.7-1m. Next, multiple buffer blast holes are constructed at intervals at a first distance from the bottom plate of the connecting tunnel. At a second distance above the buffer blast holes, multiple blasting holes are constructed at intervals, and blasting is carried out in the blasting holes. Finally, the rock and soil above the blasting holes are broken until a connection between the connecting tunnel and the chute is formed in the area above the blasting holes. A soil retainer is formed below the blasting holes. This soil retainer is made of original rock and soil, and the main body of the soil retainer is not damaged by blasting. It is sturdy and durable, which solves the problem of frequent repair of the soil retainer during the dumping of slag by the loader. At the same time, it increases the safety factor of the loader driver and improves the loader efficiency.

[0034] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, step S1 specifically includes the following steps when determining the location of the chute:

[0035] S1.1, Demolish the working face of the connecting tunnel and record the blasting and excavation distance of the connecting tunnel;

[0036] Starting from the initial blast, the distance advanced by each blast is accumulated.

[0037] S1.2. Compare the designed distance between the connecting tunnel and the chute with the blasting excavation distance of the connecting tunnel. Subtract the actual excavation distance from the distance between the starting excavation position and the designed position of the chute to obtain the distance between the connecting tunnel working face and the chute. When the distance between the connecting tunnel working face and the designed position of the chute is 10m, construct the first exploratory boreholes in the middle and on both sides of the connecting tunnel working face.

[0038] That is, when the working face of the connecting road is 10m away from the designed location of the chute, the first test boreholes are constructed at the center and both sides of the working face. Due to the limitations of equipment specifications, the length of the first test borehole can reach up to 3.3m. Since it is impossible to know whether the excavation direction of the connecting road is deviated or the exact location of the chute before the connecting road is connected to the chute, the first test borehole is constructed after each blast to test the connection. When the designed distance between the connecting road and the chute is equal to the blasting and excavation distance of the connecting road, and the first test borehole is completed, the connecting road and the chute are initially connected.

[0039] Specifically, this can be determined by observing which of the three first test holes breaks through first. Since the horizontal cross-section of the chute is circular, the distance to the working face is closest to the center of the circumference of the chute facing the working face.

[0040] When the first borehole on the far left of the connecting tunnel working face is completed first, it means that the tunneling direction of the connecting tunnel has shifted to the right and needs to be corrected to the left.

[0041] When the first exploratory borehole in the center of the connecting tunnel working face is successfully completed, it means that the tunneling direction has not deviated significantly, and tunneling can continue.

[0042] When the first borehole on the far right of the connecting tunnel working face is completed first, it means that the tunneling direction of the connecting tunnel has shifted to the left and needs to be corrected to the right.

[0043] S1.3. Stop blasting after the first test hole connects with the ore pass and determine the location of the ore pass.

[0044] This is to reduce the deviation in the excavation of the connecting tunnel when the exact location of the chute is uncertain.

[0045] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, in step S1.3, after the first test hole penetrates the chute, the following steps are also included: constructing multiple second test holes at intervals on the working face of the connecting tunnel, and determining the detailed location of the chute through the depth data of the multiple second test holes, and adjusting the direction of the connecting tunnel excavation until it is precisely connected to the chute.

[0046] Based on the initial positioning of the chute using the first exploratory borehole, multiple second exploratory boreholes are then constructed. By drilling these boreholes and measuring their penetration depth, the distance from the plane connecting to the working face to the chute sidewall is determined. The specific location of the chute is then calculated using the depth values ​​of multiple sets of second exploratory boreholes, achieving precise positioning of the chute and ensuring accurate connection between the connecting tunnel and the chute.

[0047] Specifically, when the depth data of multiple second probe holes are 1.3m, 1.2m, 1.3m, 1.4m, and 1.5m respectively in the first direction, analysis shows that the connecting channel needs to be corrected by 0.1m in the opposite direction to the first direction in order to achieve a more precise connection with the ore pass.

[0048] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, when constructing the second exploratory borehole, the construction is carried out sequentially from one side to the other in the horizontal direction and from one side to the other in the vertical direction.

[0049] This ensures that the depth data of multiple second probe holes shows an increasing or decreasing trend and is easy to analyze, thereby reducing operational errors.

[0050] Furthermore, since ore passes include different types, including but not limited to vertical ore passes, the data from the second borehole in both the horizontal and vertical directions are useful for reference.

[0051] Furthermore, based on the above embodiment, the distance between every two adjacent second probe holes is 0.5m in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

[0052] This avoids the need to open too many second test holes, facilitates the adjustment of the tunneling direction at the same interval, and allows 0.5m to be used as a reference value to adjust the degree of correction of the working face accordingly.

[0053] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the multiple blasting operations of the connecting road face in step S2 include the following steps: recording and comparing the designed distance between the connecting road and the chute with the blasting excavation distance of the connecting road, until the distance between the connecting road face and the designed position of the chute is 2m, constructing a blasting hole with a depth of 1m at the connecting road face, and filling the bottom of the blasting hole with foamed mud to buffer the blasting impact, so as to avoid the connecting road face being less than one meter away from the chute after blasting when blasting is carried out directly in the blasting hole, which would result in the soil retaining wall being too thin and the stability being too poor.

[0054] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the depth of the sludge is 0.1m.

[0055] Since a 1-meter-thick rock wall will be left before the well is connected, in order to ensure that the thickness of the reserved rock wall is not less than 0.8 meters, and based on the experience of controlled blasting breakthrough technology in the early stage, it is known that 0.1-meter-long blasting mud is loaded at the bottom of the hole to buffer the impact and damage of the blast energy on the reserved rock wall, and after the blast, the thickness of the reserved rock wall can be guaranteed to be 0.7 to 1 meter, which meets the requirements for the construction of the earth retainer.

[0056] Furthermore, based on the above embodiment, in step S3, multiple buffer blast holes are located at the same horizontal height, and the distance between adjacent buffer blast holes is 0.3m.

[0057] While maintaining the buffer borehole's effect on the blasting within the blasting hole, the opening size of the buffer borehole should be reduced to improve opening efficiency.

[0058] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, in step S3, a buffer layer is formed between the multiple buffer blast holes and the multiple blasting holes, and after blasting in the blasting holes, the buffer layer is loosened.

[0059] The distance between two adjacent buffer blast holes is in a soil-rock connection state, which further reduces the impact of blasting on the soil-rock below the buffer blast hole and improves the stability of the soil-rock below the buffer blast hole.

[0060] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, in step S3, the first distance is 1m and the second distance is 0.5m, so as to ensure that the obtained earth retaining wall has effective blocking properties and improve the operational safety at the connection between the connecting road and the chute.

[0061] It should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used herein to describe various units, these units should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one unit from another. For example, a first unit may be referred to as a second unit, and similarly, a second unit may be referred to as a first unit, without departing from the scope of the exemplary embodiments of the invention.

[0062] It should be understood that the term "and / or" in this article is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. The term " / and" in this article describes another relationship between related objects, indicating that two relationships can exist. For example, A / and B can mean: A exists alone, and A and B exist alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0063] It should be understood that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper," "vertical," "inner," "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship as commonly placed when the disclosed product is used, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0064] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0065] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising,” “including,” “containing,” and / or “including” as used herein specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, units, and / or components, and do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, quantities, steps, operations, units, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0066] Specific details are provided in the following description to provide a complete understanding of the exemplary embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the exemplary embodiments can be implemented without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known processes, structures, and techniques may be omitted in the depiction of non-essential details to avoid obscuring the exemplary embodiments.

[0067] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement this application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this application. Therefore, this application is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for controlling the forming of a chute retaining wall, characterized in that, It includes: S1. Determine the location of the chute in the connecting tunnel; S2. Through multiple blasts, the distance between the working face of the connecting tunnel and the side wall of the chute is reduced to 0.7-1m; S3. Multiple buffer blast holes are constructed at intervals at a first distance from the bottom plate of the connecting tunnel, and multiple blasting holes are constructed at intervals at a second distance above the buffer blast holes. Blasting is carried out in the blasting holes, and a buffer layer is formed between the multiple buffer blast holes and the multiple blasting holes. After blasting in the blasting holes, the buffer layer is loosened. The first distance is 1m and the second distance is 0.5m. S4. Break up the rock and soil above the blast hole until a connecting passage and chute are formed in the area above the blast hole, and a soil retainer is formed below the blast hole.

2. The method for controlling the forming of the earth retainer in a chute as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1, determining the location of the chute, includes the following steps: S1.1, Demolish the working face of the connecting tunnel and record the blasting and excavation distance of the connecting tunnel; S1.

2. Compare the designed distance between the connecting tunnel and the chute with the blasting excavation distance of the connecting tunnel, and when the distance between the working face of the connecting tunnel and the designed position of the chute is a set distance, construct the first exploratory boreholes in the middle and on both sides of the working face of the connecting tunnel respectively. S1.

3. Stop blasting after the first test hole connects with the ore pass and determine the location of the ore pass.

3. The method for controlling the forming of the chute retaining wall as described in claim 2, characterized in that, In step S1.3, after the first test hole penetrates the chute, the following steps are also included: constructing multiple second test holes at intervals on the working face of the connecting tunnel, and determining the detailed location of the chute through the depth data of the multiple second test holes, and adjusting the direction of the connecting tunnel excavation until it is precisely connected to the chute.

4. The method for controlling the forming of the chute retaining wall as described in claim 3, characterized in that: When constructing the second exploratory borehole, the construction should be carried out in the order of horizontal from one side to the other, and in the order of vertical from one side to the other.

5. The method for controlling the forming of the chute retaining wall as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In both the horizontal and vertical directions, the distance between any two adjacent second boreholes is 0.5m.

6. The method for controlling the forming of the earth retainer in a chute as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the process of blasting the connecting tunnel face includes the following steps: recording and comparing the designed distance between the connecting tunnel and the chute with the blasting excavation distance of the connecting tunnel until the distance between the connecting tunnel face and the designed position of the chute is 2m. Then, blasting holes with a depth of 1m are constructed on the connecting tunnel face, and stemming material is loaded into the bottom of the blasting holes to buffer the blasting impact.

7. The method for controlling the forming of the chute retaining wall as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The length of the clay is 0.1m.

8. The method for controlling the forming of the earth retainer in a chute as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, multiple buffer blast holes are located at the same horizontal level, and the distance between adjacent buffer blast holes is 0.3m.