Electrical device, microbattery, and manufacturing method

Abstract

The invention relates to an electrical device, in particular an electrical storage device or a sensor housing, preferably a battery, in particular a microbattery or a capacitor, having a feedthrough, in particular a feedthrough through a housing part of the device housing, the housing being made of metal, in particular iron, an iron alloy, an iron-nickel alloy, an iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, high-grade steel alloy, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, AlSIC, magnesium, a magnesium alloy or titanium or a titanium alloy, wherein the housing part has at least one opening as part of the feedthrough, wherein the opening extends around an axis, a first region of the housing part comprises the opening and a second region of the housing part is adjacent to the opening, and the opening accommodates an electrically conductive material, in particular a conductor, in a glass material or a glass ceramic material. The invention is distinguished in that the first region of the housing part has a width W substantially perpendicular to the axis of the opening, and the width W of the first region is always greater than the thickness D2, D E , and the electrically conductive material has a first coefficient of expansion α1, and the glass material or glass ceramic material has a second coefficient of expansion α2, and the housing part has a third coefficient of expansion α3, wherein the third coefficient of expansion α3 is always greater than the second coefficient of expansion α2.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an electrical device, particularly an electrical storage device, preferably a battery, especially a micro battery and / or a capacitor, having a feedthrough through a housing component made of metal, particularly iron, iron alloys, iron-nickel alloys, iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, steel, stainless steel or high-grade alloy steel, wherein the housing component has at least one opening, wherein the opening is received in a contact element made of a conductive material in a glass or glass-ceramic material. Background Technology

[0002] In addition to the electrical device, a method for manufacturing the electrical device is also described, which is characterized by a feeder with pressure fitting (Druckeinglasung).

[0003] In the context of this invention, "battery" is understood not only as a disposable battery that can be removed and / or recycled after discharge, but also as a rechargeable battery. Rechargeable batteries, preferably lithium-ion batteries, are designed for various applications, such as portable electronic devices, mobile phones, motor vehicles, and especially electric vehicles. Batteries can replace traditional energy sources, such as lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, or nickel-metal hydride batteries. Batteries can also be used in sensors or in the Internet of Things (IoT).

[0004] The memory device in the sense of this invention is also understood to be a capacitor, especially a supercapacitor.

[0005] As is generally known, supercapacitors (also called supercapacitors) are electrochemical energy storage devices with exceptionally high power densities. Unlike ceramic capacitors, film capacitors, and electrolytic capacitors, supercapacitors do not have dielectrics in the conventional sense. Among them, they primarily utilize the principle of static energy storage through charge separation in the form of a double-layer capacitor and the electrochemical storage of energy through charge exchange via redox reactions in the form of a pseudo-capacitor.

[0006] Supercapacitors include, in particular, hybrid capacitors, especially lithium-ion capacitors. Their electrolytes typically comprise a solvent dissolved in a conductive salt (usually a lithium salt). Supercapacitors are preferably used in applications requiring a large number of charge / discharge cycles. Supercapacitors are particularly advantageously applicable in the automotive field, especially in the area of ​​brake energy recovery. Of course, other applications are also possible and are included within the scope of this invention.

[0007] Lithium-ion batteries have been known as memory devices for many years. In this regard, see, for example, “Handbook of Batteries” (David Linden, Publications, 2nd Edition, MacCrawhill, 1995, Chapters 36 and 39).

[0008] Various aspects of lithium-ion batteries are described in various patents.

[0009] For example, the following may be mentioned: US 961,672A1, US 5,952,126 A1, US 5,900,183 A1, US 5,874,185A1, US 5,849,434A1, US 5,853,914A1, and US 5,773,959A1.

[0010] Lithium-ion batteries, especially those used in automotive applications, typically consist of multiple individual battery cells connected in series. These cells, connected in series or in series with each other, are combined into what is called a battery pack, and multiple battery packs then form a battery module, also known as a lithium-ion battery. Each individual battery cell has electrodes extending from its housing. The same applies to the housing of supercapacitors.

[0011] Especially when using lithium-ion batteries in automotive environments, various issues must be addressed, such as corrosion resistance, durability in the event of an accident, and vibration resistance. Another issue is sealing over long periods, especially tight sealing.

[0012] Sealing integrity can be compromised, for example, by non-sealing in the areas of the electrodes in the battery cell, or in the areas of the electrode feed passages in the battery cell, and / or in the areas of the casing of the capacitor and / or supercapacitor. Such non-sealing integrity can be caused, for example, by temperature-changing loads and alternating mechanical loads, such as vibrations in a vehicle, or by the aging of plastics.

[0013] Short circuits or temperature variations in the battery or battery cell can shorten its lifespan. Sealing in the event of an accident and / or emergency is also crucial.

[0014] To ensure better resistance in accidents, for example, document DE 101 05 877A1 proposes a housing for lithium-ion batteries, wherein the housing includes a metal sheath that is open on both sides and closed.

[0015] The current terminals or electrodes are insulated with plastic. The disadvantages of plastic insulation are limited heat resistance over its service life, limited mechanical stability, aging, and unreliable sealing.

[0016] Therefore, in lithium-ion batteries and capacitors according to the prior art, the current feeder is not tightly sealed within, for example, the cover component of the lithium-ion battery. Thus, in the prior art, according to test specifications, a maximum of 1*10 is typically achieved under a pressure difference of 1 bar. -6 mbarls -1 The helium leakage rate. Furthermore, the electrodes are press-fitted, and laser-welded connecting members with additional insulation are arranged within the battery space.

[0017] According to DE 2733948A1, an alkaline battery is known in which an insulator, such as glass or ceramic, is directly connected to a metal component by fusion bonding.

[0018] One of the metal components is electrically connected to the anode of the alkaline battery, and the other metal component is electrically connected to the cathode. In DE 2733948A1, the metal in question refers to iron or steel. Light metals, such as aluminum, are not described in DE 2733948A1. The melting temperature of the glass or ceramic material is also not given in DE 2733948A1. The alkaline battery described in DE 2733948A1 is a battery with an alkaline electrolyte, which, according to DE 2733948A1, contains sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. Lithium-ion batteries are not mentioned in DE 2733948A1.

[0019] A method for preparing asymmetric organic carboxylic acid esters and an anhydrous organic electrolyte for preparing alkaline ion batteries is disclosed in DE 69804378 T2 or EP 0885874 B1. An electrolyte for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries is also described in DE 69804378 T2 or EP 0885874 B1.

[0020] The material used for the battery holder to house the through-contact portion is not described, but only the material used for the connecting pin is described. The connecting pin may be made of titanium, aluminum, nickel alloy, or stainless steel.

[0021] DE 69923805 T2 or EP 0954045 B1 describes RF feedthroughs with improved electrical efficiency. The feedthroughs disclosed in EP 0954045 B1 do not refer to glass-metal feedthroughs. In EP 0954045 B1, glass-metal feedthroughs described as being directly formed within, for example, the metal wall of a package are disadvantageous because such RF feedthroughs are not durable due to the embrittlement of the glass.

[0022] DE 69023071 T2 or EP 0412655 B1 describes a glass-metal feeder for a battery or other electrochemical cell, wherein the glass used has a SiO2 content of approximately 45% by weight, and the metal used is, in particular, an alloy containing molybdenum and / or chromium and / or nickel. The use of light metals in DE 69023071 T2 is described as rarely as the melting or fusion temperature of the glass used. According to DE 69023071 T2 or EP 0412655B1, the material used for the pin conductor is also an alloy including molybdenum, niobium, or tantalum.

[0023] A glass-metal feedthrough for lithium-ion batteries is known from US 7687200A1. According to US 7687200A1, the housing is made of high-grade alloy steel, and the pin-shaped conductor is made of platinum / iridium. The glass materials described in US 7687200A1 are TA23 and CABAL-12 glass. According to US 5015530A1, it relates to a CaO-MgO-Al2O3-B2O3 system having a melting temperature of 1025°C or 800°C. Furthermore, a glass composition for a glass-metal feedthrough for lithium batteries is known from US 5015530A1, comprising CaO, Al2O3, B2O3, SrO, and BaO, whose melting temperatures are in the range of 650°C-750°C, thus too high for use with light metals.

[0024] The later-published US 10910609 B2 shows an electrical feedthrough for battery casings, particularly microcells, in which borosilicate glass is used as the glass material. CaBAl-12 glass or BaBAl-1 glass is mentioned as a specific glass material. US 10910609 B2 does not specify the coefficients of thermal expansion of the glass material, the substrate, or the conductor.

[0025] US 4841101A1 discloses a feedthrough in which a substantially pin-shaped conductor is embedded in a metal ring along with a glass material. The metal ring is then inserted into an opening or hole in the housing and connected to the inner wall or hole, particularly the material, by brazing, for example, after the brazed ring is inserted. The metal ring is made of a metal having a coefficient of thermal expansion substantially the same as or similar to that of the glass material to compensate for the high coefficient of thermal expansion of the aluminum in the battery housing. In the embodiment described in US 4841101A1, the length of the metal ring is always shorter than the hole or opening in the housing.

[0026] Feedthroughs through housing components of a housing for a memory device are known from WO 2012 / 167921A1, WO 2012 / 110242A1, WO 2012 / 110246A1 and WO 2012 / 110244A1. In these feedthroughs, a cross-section of a glass or glass-ceramic material is guided through an opening.

[0027] DE 2733948A1 shows a feedthrough through a battery casing component, wherein the casing component has at least one opening comprising a conductive material and a glass or glass-ceramic material, and the conductive material is configured as a cap-shaped element. However, DE 2733948A1 does not specify the specific material of the conductor. Similarly, DE 2733948A1 does not specify the thickness or wall thickness of the cap-shaped element.

[0028] A battery with a feedthrough having an opening is known from US 6190798A1, wherein the conductor is made of glass or resin in the insulating material, and a cap-shaped element is used. The wall thickness of the cap-shaped element is not specified in US 6190798B1.

[0029] US2015 / 0364735A1 discloses a battery with a cap-shaped cover having a reduced-thickness area that serves as a safety outlet under pressure load.

[0030] An overvoltage protection device configured in a cone shape is known from WO 2014 / 176533A1. Its application in batteries is not described in WO 2014 / 176533A1.

[0031] DE 102007063 188A1 discloses a battery having at least one single cell surrounded by a casing and a casing-shaped overvoltage protection device in the form of one or more predetermined rupture points or one or more fuses.

[0032] US 6433276A1 discloses a feedthrough in which the metal housing component, conductor, and glass material have substantially the same coefficient of thermal expansion.

[0033] A housing for an electrical storage device is known from CN 209691814, the housing being explosion-proof.

[0034] DE 102014016601A1 illustrates a housing component, particularly a battery housing or capacitor housing, having a feedthrough through which a conductor, particularly a substantially pin-shaped conductor, is guided through a feedthrough opening. The conductor has a glass material outer dimension and an insert length in a glass or glass-ceramic material. The component has a reinforcement in the region of the feedthrough opening with a component through-hole thickness greater than the component thickness, and the reinforcement has a reinforcing material outer dimension.

[0035] A housing component is known from EP 3588606A1, comprising at least two bodies made of a light metal. According to EP 3588606A1, the first body is a light metal, and the second body is a light metal having a fusion-welded conveying material, particularly in the form of an alloy composition of the light metal. A fusion-welded connection is constructed between the first and second bodies.

[0036] DE 102013006463A1 discloses a battery feedthrough, preferably for lithium-ion batteries, more preferably lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, the battery feedthrough having at least one substrate having at least one opening, and at least one conductor, particularly a substantially pin-shaped conductor, passing through the opening in an electrically insulating material comprising or made of a sealing glass, wherein the substrate comprises or is made of a light metal and / or a light metal alloy, preferably selected from aluminum, magnesium, titanium, aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, or AlSiC. The sealing glass according to DE 102013006463A1 is a titanate glass with a small phosphate content.

[0037] DE 102017221426A1 discloses a special type of feedthrough. The feedthrough disclosed by DE 102017221426A1 includes a plurality of conductors embedded in an opening, wherein the plurality of embedded conductors are connected by a flat conductor.

[0038] The later-disclosed WO 2020 / 104571A1 shows an electrical storage device with a feedthrough, wherein the feedthrough is embedded in a battery cover component with a flange. Furthermore, as is known from the later-disclosed WO 2020 / 104571A1, a flexible flange is provided in the area of ​​the feedthrough.

[0039] DE 112012000900 B4 describes a glass, particularly a solder glass, for use in feedthrough components, comprising the following components in mol%:

[0040] P2O5 37-50 mol%, especially 39-48 mol%.

[0041] Al₂O₃ 0-14 mol%, especially 2-12 mol%.

[0042] B2O3 2-10 mol%, especially 4-8 mol%.

[0043] Na₂O 0-30 mol%, especially 0-20 mol%.

[0044] M₂O 0 to 20 mol%, especially 12-19 mol%, where M = K, Cs, Rb,

[0045] Li₂O 0-42 mol%, especially 0-40 mol%, preferably 17-40 mol%.

[0046] BaO 0-20 mol%, especially 0-20 mol%, preferably 5-20 mol%.

[0047] Bi₂O₃ at least 1 mol%, especially 1-5 mol%, preferably 2-5 mol%.

[0048] Glass of DE 112012000900B4 contains no lead except for impurities.

[0049] A disadvantage of all electrical devices, especially memory devices in the prior art, is that known electrical devices, particularly memory devices, are very large and include non-compact housings. This results in memory devices with large dimensions, especially large heights. Another problem in electrical devices with conventional feedthroughs is the use of plastics for electrical insulation. Therefore, nylon, polyethylene, and polypropylene are described as insulating materials, for example, in DE2733948A1. Other disadvantages include the very low extrusion force for the metal pins introduced into the insulating material. Summary of the Invention

[0050] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an electrical device, particularly a memory device, that avoids the disadvantages of the prior art. In particular, a compact and hermetically sealed small-sized memory device should be provided, which can be used as a micro battery and preferably has sufficient hermeticity. Sufficient hermeticity should also be provided when the material is heated by laser welding.

[0051] Furthermore, a small housing thickness should be achieved, which leads to material savings in addition to compactness. Reliable electrical insulation, particularly for the conductors, and especially the metal pins, introduced into the through-opening of the housing, should also be provided. The aim here is to provide a memory device so compactly constructed that as much volume as possible is provided within the housing, thereby allowing the battery and / or capacitor to have the highest possible capacity. Therefore, the memory device with a feedthrough according to the invention is particularly suitable for microbatteries. Thus, the invention also particularly relates to a tightly sealed microbattery with a feedthrough as shown in the application.

[0052] Typical applications of micro batteries include active RFID and / or medical devices such as hearing aids, blood pressure sensors, and / or wireless headphones. The term is frequently used and is therefore widely known. Similarly, micro batteries are of interest for the Internet of Things (IoT).

[0053] According to the invention, this objective is achieved in the first aspect of the invention by an electrical device, particularly a memory device according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0054] According to another aspect of the invention, this objective is achieved by an electrical device having a flexible flange according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0055] According to a third aspect of the invention, this objective is achieved by a microcell according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the coefficient of thermal expansion of the housing or substrate is greater than that of the glass material, i.e., pressure embedding exists.

[0056] Electrical devices, especially memory devices, include feeders with openings into which conductors (also known as contact elements) are fitted.

[0057] The invention is characterized in that the housing component includes an opening extending about an axis. The housing component has a first region and a second region adjacent to the opening, the opening being introduced into the first region, the first region providing pressure for fitting. Furthermore, according to the invention, the first region has a width W substantially perpendicular to the axis of the opening. According to the invention, the width W providing pressure during pressure fitting is always greater than the thickness or material thickness D2 of the housing component in the second region adjacent to the opening or the first region. Sufficient prestress for pressure fitting is applied to the glass or glass-ceramic material by means of a metal having a width W and a third coefficient of expansion α3 that is always greater than the second coefficient of expansion α2 of the glass material. The conductor or metal pin has a first coefficient of expansion α1.

[0058] The thickness or material thickness D2, D of the shell component adjacent to the opening E The preferred thickness is 0.1 mm to 1 mm, and more preferably 0.1 mm to 0.6 mm.

[0059] The width W of the first region to which the necessary prestress is applied is in the range of 0.6 mm to 1 mm, preferably in the range of 0.7 mm to 0.9 mm. The conductive material, especially the conductor, has a first coefficient of thermal expansion α1, preferably up to 11 × 10⁻⁶. -6 1 / K. The second coefficient of thermal expansion α2 of the glass or glass-ceramic material is preferably between 9 and 11 × 10⁻⁶. -6 The coefficient of thermal expansion α3 is in the range of 1 / K, and the coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of the shell components, especially the sheet metal components, is between 12 and 19*10. -6Within the range of 1 / K. Due to the high coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of the shell material, especially the sheet metal, stress is generated on the glass material through the sheet metal and pressure fitting is provided.

[0060] Compared to a matched feedthrough in which the coefficients of expansion α1, α2, and α3 are substantially the same, pressure fitting has the advantage of reliably avoiding the kind of unsealing that can occur in a matched feedthrough after the laser welding process, because prestress is always applied to the pressure fitting through the housing component surrounding the opening.

[0061] Electrical devices, particularly electrical storage devices or sensor housings, preferably batteries, especially micro batteries or capacitors according to the invention, have a feedthrough through a housing component in the form of a sheet metal part, the housing component having a material thickness preferably in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm, preferably 0.15 mm to 0.8 mm, especially 0.15 mm to 0.6 mm. Metals are used as materials for the housing component, or sheet metal part and / or conductors, especially iron, iron alloys, iron-nickel alloys, iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, KOVAR, steel, high-grade alloy steel, aluminum, aluminum alloys, AlSiC, magnesium, magnesium alloys, copper alloys, copper, or titanium or titanium alloys. The housing component has at least one opening as part of the feedthrough, wherein the opening accommodates a conductive material, particularly a conductor made of conductive material in glass or glass-ceramic materials.

[0062] Duplex high-alloy steel or austenitic high-alloy steel is a particularly preferred material for housing components, especially sheet metal parts. Duplex high-alloy steel is a two-phase steel composed of a ferrite (α-iron) matrix with austenite islands. It combines the properties of stainless chromium steel (ferritic or martensitic) and stainless chromium-nickel steel (austenitic). It has higher strength than stainless chromium-nickel steel but is more ductile than stainless chromium steel. The coefficient of thermal expansion of duplex high-alloy steel is α3 ≈ 15 * 10⁻⁶. -6 The coefficient of thermal expansion of austenitic high-grade alloy steel is α3≈18*10. -6 1 / K.

[0063] The conductor is preferably made of ferritic high-grade alloy steel and is configured with a coefficient of thermal expansion of α1≈10 to 11*10. -6 1 / K ferritic high-grade alloy steel pin. The preferred glass material has a density of 9 to 11 x 10⁻⁶. -6 Glass materials with an expansion coefficient α2 in the range of 1 / K.

[0064] In the first embodiment of the invention, the sheet metal part comprises a first region having an opening and a much thinner second region adjacent to the first region having the opening. Such a housing part, particularly a sheet metal part, can be manufactured by pressing a sheet metal part having a thickness of, for example, 0.6 mm or a material thickness D1, down to a thickness D2 of, for example, 0.2 mm. It is then fitted into an opening having a wall thickness equivalent to, for example, a thickness D1 of 0.6 mm. The width W of the first region having a thickness D1 surrounding the opening is sufficient to establish the necessary prestress between the metal and the glass material. The width W of the annular region surrounding the opening, which is made of glass or glass-ceramic material, is 0.6 mm to 1 mm.

[0065] Instead of inserting into a sheet metal part with a thickness D1 and then pressing it down, it can be specified that a thin sheet metal part with a thickness D2 (e.g., about 0.2 mm) includes a flange, which is preferably an upwardly arched, shaped flange. Of course, in another embodiment, the pressing down from thickness D1 to thickness D2 can be omitted; in this case, thickness D1 will be substantially equal to thickness D2.

[0066] In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the housing component and the flange are one-piece, but this is not mandatory. To apply the necessary prestress to the glass or glass-ceramic material using the raised flange, the flange is specified to not only be drawn upwards and provide an insertion length EL, but also to include recesses and / or protrusions. Through the protrusions and / or recesses, even when the wall thickness of the raised flange is very thin, corresponding to the wall thickness of the sheet metal and, for example, only 0.2 mm, the width W provides sufficient prestress for pressure fitting. The reinforced shape of the flange with the recesses / protrusions then applies the necessary prestress to the glass or glass-ceramic material. The insertion length, specified and expressed as EL, is the inner wall length in the range of 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm, particularly in the range of 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, and is formed by the raised edge.

[0067] Using the solution according to the invention, instead of a solid plate, pressure fitting can also be performed on very thin sheet metal parts that are lower cost for tensile components. By selecting the coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of the housing component or the sheet metal part, the prestress applied to the glass and the pull-out force of the fitted conductor can be adjusted.

[0068] The embedded conductor is preferably made of ferritic high-grade alloy steel.

[0069] To avoid short circuits at the connection to the metal casing of a memory device, such as a battery or capacitor, an insulating element may be provided on a glass or glass-ceramic material. This insulating element may be made of plastic, glass, or glass-ceramic and particularly covers the end face of the flange or sheet material. Alternatively, a glass material protruding beyond the edge, such as a foamed glass material, may be provided. Preferably, the plane of the flange surface lies below the plane of the electrical conductor surface, which is guided through the feedthrough. Particularly preferred is that the surface of the insulating element is in the same plane as the surface of the electrical conductor, which is introduced into the opening of the feedthrough.

[0070] According to the present invention, an electrical device, particularly a memory device having a feedthrough, is proposed, which enables conductor contact and provides as much structural space as possible within the housing. Furthermore, the device according to the invention is implemented as a tight seal and exhibits improved compatibility with fragile sealing materials under mechanical and / or pressure loads, particularly in the region between the contact and sealing materials. The increased structural space can particularly contribute to increasing the capacity of the memory device.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, the electrical device includes a flexible flange or is coupled to a flexible flange.

[0072] The flexible flange preferably includes a connection area for connecting a housing component, particularly a sheet metal component with an opening, to a housing, such as the housing of a memory device, wherein the opening has a glass-embedded conductor in a glass or glass-ceramic material. The connection between the housing component, including the feedthrough, and the housing can be achieved by fusion welding, particularly laser welding, but also by brazing. For example, a fusion-welded connection results in a helium leakage rate of less than 1*10⁻⁶ at a pressure difference of 1 bar. -8 mbarl / s. Thus, the helium leakage rate is the same as that of the conductor used for embedding, and it provides a tightly sealed housing for memory devices, especially batteries.

[0073] Due to the free space constructed in the flexible flange, for example, between the raised edge providing the mounting length EL and the connection area with the adjacent housing, the pressure acting on the glass material can be reliably compensated. The flexibility of the flange, for example, prevents the glass from breaking during temperature fluctuations, or compensates for the tensile and compressive stresses caused by laser welding.

[0074] To ensure sufficient prestress is applied to the glass material when using flexible flanges, it is advantageous to select austenitic high-alloy steel or duplex high-alloy steel as the material for the flexible flange. Austenitic high-alloy steel has a strength of 16 to 18 x 10 mm. -6 K -1 Or 16 to 18*10 -6Duplex high-alloy steels exhibit thermal expansion α in the range of 1 / K, with values ​​from 13 to 14 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 The coefficient of thermal expansion is within the range of 9 to 10^10. The coefficient of thermal expansion for glass materials is preferably between 9 and 10^10. -6 K -1 The coefficient of thermal expansion of ferritic steel is within the range of 10 to 12 × 10⁻⁶. -6 K -1 Within a certain range, ferritic steel is preferably suitable for matched feeders because the coefficients of thermal expansion of the glass material and the matrix material, or the material of the ring surrounding the glass material, are chosen to be substantially the same. For pressure fittings, flanges made of austenitic high-alloy steel and duplex high-alloy steel are preferred because sufficient compressive stress can be applied through these materials even with very short fitting lengths.

[0075] When the electrical storage device has an overall structural height of up to 40 mm, preferably up to 20 mm, especially preferably up to 5 mm, especially preferably up to 4 mm, preferably up to 3 mm, especially between 1 mm and 40 mm, especially preferably between 1 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 mm, a particularly compact electrical storage device is provided, such as in the case of a micro battery.

[0076] These micro-batteries have diameters ranging from 20mm to 3mm, especially from 8mm to 16mm.

[0077] Glass or glass-ceramic materials may contain fillers, which are particularly used to regulate the thermal expansion of the glass or glass-ceramic materials.

[0078] As a glass or glass-ceramic material, aluminum borosilicate glass with Al₂O₃, B₂O₃, BaO, and SiO₂ as its main components is preferred. Preferably, the coefficient of thermal expansion of this glass material is between 9.0 and 9.5 ppm / K or 9.0 to 9.5 × 10⁻⁶. -6 The coefficient of thermal expansion is within the range of 1 / K, and further within the range of the coefficients of thermal expansion of the metals constituting the shell and the metal pins. This coefficient of thermal expansion is particularly advantageous when using high-grade alloy steels, especially ferritic high-grade alloy steels, austenitic high-grade alloy steels, or duplex high-grade alloy steels. In this case, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the high-grade alloy steel is similar to that of aluminum borosilicate glass.

[0079] The prestress used for pressure fitting is essentially determined by the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the shell components, especially the plate components. To apply sufficient prestress, the coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of the shell or plate components must be 2 to 6 × 10⁻⁶ greater than the coefficient of thermal expansion α2 of the glass material and / or the coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of the conductor. -6 1 / K.

[0080] If the housing component, particularly the battery cover, includes a flange, the flange provides the required mounting length EL for the mounting.

[0081] For housing components with flanges, vertical bending is preferred, meaning the higher or lower region is perpendicular to the first plane of the housing component. This allows for particularly stable conductor insertion because it increases the contact area between the insulator and the housing component. The higher or lower region of the housing cover is formed by bending or shaping a thin housing material, particularly sheet metal, providing the length required for reliable insertion. The insertion length EL is preferably from 0.3 mm to 1.0 mm, and more preferably about 0.6 mm. The conductor is tightly sealed into the through opening using a glass or glass-ceramic material. A tight seal is considered to be achieved at a pressure difference of 1 bar (1*10). -8 Helium leakage rate of mbarl / s.

[0082] A recess / protrusion with a width W can also be very easily obtained by forming thin shell parts or sheet metal parts, for example by bending, the width of which is necessary for applying prestress.

[0083] To prevent glass or glass-ceramic materials from cracking after installation, for example due to temperature variations, it is advantageous that the upper or lower region of the flange includes a flexible flange for connecting the feedthrough to the housing (e.g., a battery housing). The flange itself includes a region, the so-called connection area, through which the feedthrough is connected to the housing component. The connection to the housing component can be achieved by welding, especially ultrasonic welding or brazing.

[0084] Flexible flanges are readily available. For example, a sheet metal piece with a first thickness D1 surrounding an opening can be pressed down to a thickness D2, and after pressing, the section with thickness D2 can be formed to constitute a flexible flange. A sheet metal piece with thickness D2 can also be formed into a flexible flange, and the raised sheet metal or flange can accommodate the fitting. Fitting into the raised flexible flange, particularly the flange itself, is especially possible when the flexible flange and the raised area are made of austenitic steel or duplex steel.

[0085] In addition to electrical devices, the present invention also provides a method for manufacturing electrical devices, particularly electrical storage devices, particularly batteries or capacitors.

[0086] In a first design embodiment, a method for manufacturing an electrical device having a feedthrough, wherein a housing component has at least one opening as part of the feedthrough, and the opening accommodates a conductor in a conductive material, particularly a glass material or a glass-ceramic material, the method comprising the following steps:

[0087] - In the first step, a sheet metal part with a material thickness or thickness D1 is provided.

[0088] - Introduce openings into sheet metal parts.

[0089] - Outside the area surrounding the opening, the sheet metal is pressed down to thickness D2, significantly reducing its thickness. - In the thicker, unpressed portion, a conductor from the glass or glass-ceramic material is inserted into the opening.

[0090] - After insertion, the plate component is heated by the material inserted into the opening, thereby performing pressure embedding of the conductor in the glass or glass-ceramic material.

[0091] The thickness D1 of the embedded sheet metal part is between 0.4 mm and 1 mm, preferably 0.6 mm. The thickness D2 of the thin, pressed portion is between 0.1 mm and 0.4 mm, preferably 0.2 mm.

[0092] In the second design, a thin sheet metal part with a thickness D2 is used, and the flange is raised around the opening by molding to achieve the necessary insertion length. In the first design of the invention, the insertion length is provided by a thick sheet metal part with a thickness of approximately 0.6 mm. According to the invention, a flange is provided having a recess and / or a protrusion with a width W. After manufacturing the flange, a conductor in a glass or glass-ceramic material is inserted into the opening with the flange by molding, and the sheet metal part is heated using the material inserted into the opening, thereby performing pressure insertion of the conductor in the glass or glass-ceramic material. Attached Figure Description

[0093] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to, but not limited to, the accompanying drawings.

[0094] In the attached diagram:

[0095] Figure 1a A cross-section of a battery cover through a housing component, particularly having an opening for embedding conductors, is shown, wherein, according to the first embodiment, a sheet metal member adjacent to the opening is pressed down to a smaller material thickness.

[0096] Figure 1b It shows crossing according to Figure 1a The cross-section of the housing component has a conductor embedded in the opening.

[0097] Figure 2a A cross-section of a battery cover through a housing component, particularly having an opening for inserting a conductor, is shown, wherein the plate component includes a flange that provides a wall for inserting the conductor into the flanged opening.

[0098] Figure 2b It shows crossing according to Figure 2a The cross-section of the housing component has a conductor embedded in the opening.

[0099] Figure 3 A cross-section of a battery cover through a housing component, particularly having an opening for embedding conductors, is shown, wherein the housing cover includes a flexible flange.

[0100] Figure 4 It shows that according to Figure 3 Details of the housing component with flexible flanges.

[0101] Figure 5 A housing component with a flexible flange is shown, wherein the flexible flange is obtained by molding a sheet metal part having a thickness D2.

[0102] Figure 6 It shows that according to Figure 5 The housing component with a flexible flange, wherein the required fitting length EL is described, for example, for ferritic high alloy steel.

[0103] Figure 7 It shows that according to Figure 5 The housing component with a flexible flange shows the required insert length EL for duplex high-alloy steel or austenitic high-alloy steel.

[0104] Figure 8 It shows that it has the following characteristics: Figure 3 , 4 Micro batteries of the housing components or battery covers according to the present invention, 5, 6, and 7.

[0105] Figures 9a-9c A feedthrough element with a conductor including a connector is shown.

[0106] Figure 10a A conductor embedded in glass is shown in an opening within a housing component, particularly in a substrate that does not have a meniscus of glass or glass-ceramic material relative to the housing component, especially the substrate.

[0107] Figure 10b A conductor embedded in glass is shown in an opening within a housing component, particularly in a substrate having a meniscus of glass or glass-ceramic material relative to the housing component, especially the substrate. Detailed Implementation

[0108] exist Figure 1a In this context, the housing component or sheet metal part 1 according to the invention is a housing, particularly a memory device, such as a battery, especially as in... Figure 8 This is a portion of the casing of the microcell shown. A sheet material surrounds opening 3, within which a conductor in the glass material can be embedded. The embedded conductor... Figure 1aNot shown in the image. Figure 1b A sheet metal part with an inserted conductor is shown. A thin region 5 of the sheet metal part, having an opening 3 as part of the housing of a memory device, is formed by pressing down the sheet metal part. This means that a sheet metal with a sufficient wall thickness, for example, 0.6 mm, is first provided for embedding conductors in glass or glass-ceramic materials. Then, an opening is introduced into the sheet metal part with sufficient wall thickness using a stamping process. After the opening 3 is introduced into the sheet metal part 1, for example by a stamping process, the thickness of the sheet metal part, having a thickness or material thickness D1, is reduced in the thin region 5 of the sheet metal part, for example, by pressing down. The thickness of the sheet metal part in which the conductor is embedded is, for example, 0.6 mm, and the thickness of the pressed portion of the sheet metal part is, for example, only 0.2 mm.

[0109] exist Figure 1a In this context, the thickness of the sheet material within the opening region is denoted by D1, where the insertion takes place. Thickness D1 corresponds to the length required for pressure insertion of the conductor within the glass or glass-ceramic material, such as... Figure 1b As shown. Due to the different coefficients of thermal expansion between the sheet metal or shell component and the glass material or glass-ceramic material or conductor, prestress is applied to the glass material or glass-ceramic material and to the conductor embedded in the glass material or glass-ceramic material by means of the material thickness or thickness D1, thereby providing pressure fitting of the conductor. To provide prestress, the region having thickness D1 is substantially perpendicular to the axis A of opening 3 and includes a width W. Width W ensures that the necessary prestress for pressure fitting is applied by the metal surrounding the opening or the metal ring surrounding the opening. The pressure fitting is characterized by a helium leakage rate of less than 1*10 at a pressure difference of 1 bar. -8 mbar / lsec. According to the invention, the coefficient of thermal expansion α1 of the conductor and α2 of the glass material differ from the coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of the sheet or shell material. To apply the necessary prestress, the coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of the sheet or shell component is approximately 2 to 8 × 10⁻⁶ greater than that of the conductor or glass-ceramic material. -6 1 / K. The coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of shell components, especially sheet metal components, is, for example, between 12 and 19*10. -6 The coefficient of thermal expansion of conductive materials, or glass or glass-ceramics, is in the range of 1 / K, while the coefficient of thermal expansion of conductive materials is between 9 and 11*10. -6 Within the range of 1 / K.

[0110] The housing components are preferably made of materials with a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 15*10. -6 1 / K duplex high-grade alloy steel or with a coefficient of thermal expansion of approximately 18*10 -6The material composition is 1 / K austenitic. A pressure fitting with a very thin sheet metal wall thickness and an insertion length of only 0.6 mm is also provided, through the embodiments shown in the shell component or sheet metal component. Despite the thin sheet metal thickness of only 0.6 mm, sufficient prestress is provided for the pressure fitting when the thickness of the ring surrounding the hole is D1.

[0111] The connection with the rest of the battery housing components in the area of ​​the thin sheet metal part with a thickness D2 is achieved, for example, by means of fusion welding, through a protrusion 7 introduced into the thin sheet metal part.

[0112] exist Figure 1b The text shows the data based on... Figure 1a The housing component has an insert ring 9 of thickness D1 and a conductor 20 inserted in the insert ring 9. The glass material housing the conductor 20 is indicated by reference numeral 22. The thin region 5 of the pressed sheet material outside the insert ring has a thickness D2. The glass ring has a width W, which is used to apply the necessary compressive pressure for pressure fitting.

[0113] In another embodiment, the thickness D2 may be specified to correspond to the thickness D1.

[0114] Replacement Figure 1a and 1b The mounting ring shown, in an alternative embodiment, may be specified that the sheet metal used typically has a thickness D2, and that the edge 30 required for mounting is not provided in the area of ​​the opening 3 by a solid sheet metal piece, but rather by means of... Figure 2a and 2b The thin region 5 of the sheet metal part shown is provided with a raised or deep draw at the edge 40. The raised edge 40 then exists in the form of a flange. (As shown...) Figure 2b As shown, the conductor 20 in the glass material 22 is fitted into the raised flange 40. The flange 40 includes a recess 42 and a protrusion 44. The recess provides flexibility to prevent glass breakage, and the protrusion has a width W substantially relative to the axis A, which is sufficient to apply adequate prestress through the housing component. In this embodiment, the width W is approximately 0.6 mm. The conductor fitted into the opening in the flange region is subjected to adequate prestress for pressure fitting.

[0115] according to Figure 2a and 2b The method relative to based on Figure 1a and 1b The advantage of this method is that it eliminates the need for pressing down the sheet material; instead, it only requires forming a sheet material with a continuous sheet thickness D2 such that the flange 40 is constructed with respect to the fitting length EL and the heights of the recess 42 and the protrusion 44. The fitting length EL is, for example, 0.6 mm and therefore corresponds to the heights of the recess 42 and the protrusion 44. Figure 1a and1b The thickness D1 of the embodiment. The thickness D2 of the sheet metal part is, for example, D2 = 0.2 mm, and the flange is obtained by stretching the sheet metal part.

[0116] Because the coefficient of thermal expansion α3 of sheet metal is significantly higher than that of conductors, glass, or glass materials, by... Figure 2a and 2b The raised flange 40, with its protrusion 44, provides sufficient prestress for pressure fitting into the conductor 20. For example... Figure 2b As shown, the conductor embedded in the opening 3 can be of a coefficient of thermal expansion α1 ranging from 10 to 11*10. -6 Made of 1 / K ferritic high-grade alloy steel, the material for plate parts or shell components and flanges is a coefficient of thermal expansion α3 between 15 and 18 × 10⁻³. -6 Duplex high-alloy steel or austenitic high-alloy steel in the range of 1 / K.

[0117] Compared to solid boards, according to Figure 2a and 2b The embodiment according to the invention is characterized by a very thin wall thickness D2. The extrusion force of the conductor 20 is determined by a prestress, which is applied to the glass by a sheet or housing component due to the protrusion 44 of width W.

[0118] exist Figure 3 The diagram illustrates a design in which a housing component 1 for an electrical storage device includes a flexible flange 310. The flange 310 includes a connection area 380 for connecting a feedthrough or housing component or a battery component 1 with an opening 3 to the housing, for example... Figure 5 The memory device shown has a housing connection with an opening containing a glass-embedded conductor in a glass or glass-ceramic material. The connection between the sheet metal part with the opening and the housing can be achieved by fusion welding, especially laser welding, but also by brazing. This connection ensures a helium leakage rate of less than 1*10⁻⁶ at a pressure difference of 1 bar. - 8 mbarl / s. Therefore, the helium leakage rate is the same as that of the conductor used for embedding, and this provides a tightly sealed casing for memory devices, especially batteries. Due to the raised region (i.e., edge 300), this edge is equivalent to... Figures 2a to 2bThe raised flange of the embodiment, and the free space F constructed between the mounting length EL and the connection area 380, reliably compensates for the pressure acting on the glass material. The flexibility of the flange 310, for example, prevents the glass from cracking under temperature fluctuations. In particular, the flexibility of the flange 310 avoids tensile and compressive stresses, for example, generated by laser welding. This buffers tensile and compressive stresses. The mounting length EL is currently provided in the form of a sheet metal part with a thickness D2, for example, 0.2 mm and a width W, which, as in... Figure 1a and 1b It is pressed down and subsequently formed into a flexible flange. It is fitted into opening 3 of the housing component, the area of ​​the housing component where prestress is applied to the glass material is denoted by 300. The width W of the flexible flange is used to provide the prestress applied to the glass material. The width W of the flexible flange is as follows... Figure 3 As shown, the area extending beyond the wall thickness of the plate section is where the fitting extends to the flexible flange.

[0119] The housing component, preferably a sheet metal component, is a portion of the housing of an electrical storage device, particularly a battery cover. The housing component 1 shown is laser-welded to the rest of the housing at the tip 302 of a flexible flange 380. In the region of tip 302, the flange thickness is weakened, and for sheet metal components, this thickness is only 0.15 mm instead of, for example, 0.2 mm. The flange 380 or feedthrough of the housing component with the opening, weakened in the region of tip 302, can be directly connected to the rest of the housing of the electrical storage device by laser welding, thereby forming the electrical storage device. Laser welding results in heating of the entire component, including the glass or glass-ceramic material. Due to the heat input, in the absence of pressure fitting, the feedthrough, i.e., the glass and / or glass-ceramic material, cracks and the feedthrough becomes unsealed. This is avoided in pressure fitting. The housing of the storage device includes housing components with openings or feedthroughs according to the invention. Because the feedthrough or housing component with an opening is very compact due to the very thin material thickness D2 of the housing component or battery cover, which is only 0.1 mm to 1 mm, a very compact memory device, especially a micro battery, can be provided when such a sheet metal component is installed as part of the feedthrough into the battery housing, for example by welding it to the rest of the housing of the memory device in the region of the tip 302 of the flexible flange.

[0120] Figure 4 The flexible flange 380 is shown in detail. (Compared to...) Figure 3 The same components in the drawings use the same reference numerals. Figure 4 The text does not show, for example, the text is incomplete and lacks context. Figure 3 The width W of the flexible flange shown is not shown; instead, the thickness D is shown. E, that is, the wall thickness of the plate section, in which the fitting is realized. Wall thickness D E can be compared with the plate thickness D2 of the second section. Here, according to the invention, it also applies that the width W is greater than the wall thickness D E .

[0121] Figure 5 shows a design of an embodiment of the invention with a flexible flange 1380, wherein the flexible flange 1380 has the same thickness as the wall thickness, i.e., D2, as the plate member. The flexible flange 1380 is obtained by bending a plate having a thickness D2. The flexible flange includes a flange, which is also formed by bending, and in which the fitting is realized. As Figure 5 shown, the width W extends from the region of the ring and Figure 3 similarly into the region of the flexible flange 1380, in which the glass material 22 is fitted. If the flexible flange is made of a ferritic material, the prestress is not sufficient to provide a reliable press fit, especially in the case of the thin wall thickness of the plate section, because in this case the prestress is not sufficient to realize the fitting in the plate section.

[0122] To provide such a press fit, especially in the case of steel as the material, as Figure 6 shown, a wall thickness D substantially equivalent to the width W is required over the entire fitting length EL 壁 . Such a large ring wall thickness of the metal ring is necessary in order to be able to apply a lasting prestress to the glass. As can be seen from Figure 6 , the wall thickness D 壁 is significantly greater than the plate thickness D2. Steel, especially ordinary steel, has a coefficient of thermal expansion in the range of 12 to 13 * 10 -6 K -1 .

[0123] However, it has surprisingly been found that when using an austenitic high-alloy steel material with a coefficient of thermal expansion α in the range of 16 to 18 × 10 -6 K -1 or a duplex high-alloy steel material with a coefficient of thermal expansion α in the range of 13 to 14 × 10 -6 K -1 , if the pressure is not applied over the entire fitting length EL as in Figure 6 , but only over a reduced fitting length EL 减少 , then a reliable press fit can be provided with sufficient prestress, where the reduced fitting length substantially corresponds to the plate thickness D2 of the plate member as shown in Figure 7 . The same components as in Figure 5 and Figure 6 are denoted by the same reference numerals. In Figure 5 and Figure 6The diagram shows the width W of the area where pressure is applied to the glass material and extends to the area of ​​the flexible flange. However, a drawback is that in the pressure-fitted area, due to the high pressure on the austenitic material (such as...),... Figure 6 As shown, pressure mounting (high-position mounting) can cause cracks in the glass material.

[0124] Therefore, for those with a basis Figure 5 , 6 In the design of the flexible flange 1380 of type 7, a low-position pressure fitting is recommended for the pressure fitting. This results in fewer fitting cracks. This is achieved by using duplex high-alloy steel in a low-position pressure fitting configuration. With duplex material, the prestress on the glass is less than with austenitic high-alloy steel, and therefore also less than the pressure difference between the prestress and the external glass zone, leading to a reduced risk of glass cracking.

[0125] By selecting different ring materials or materials for the flexible flange in which it is installed, the extrusion force of the pin or conductor can be affected by varying glass prestress, which also acts on the pin or conductor through the glass. This effect can be used to adjust the safety venting function of the pin or conductor, i.e., to adjust the opening of the battery in case of overvoltage or damage.

[0126] Other feasible methods for controlling the opening force of the pins or conductors in the mounting process include changing the mounting thickness, using different glass materials, using glass materials with different bubble ratios, structuring the glass surface by shaping the glass mold before mounting, structuring the glass surface by shaping the glass mold during mounting, and structuring the glass surface by laser processing after mounting. Structuring the glass surface can be achieved, for example, by introducing one or more notches and / or tapers.

[0127] This safety venting function can also be achieved through an embedded pin and / or a notch and / or tapered portion in the base. The above measures can be carried out individually or in combination. The introduction of the structured portion, especially the notch and / or tapered portion, can be carried out on one side of the housing component or base having a top and bottom side in the glass, housing component and / or conductor, or on both sides, i.e., on the top and bottom sides, i.e., on both sides.

[0128] The advantage of structuring the glass material for the safety venting function is that the glass, as a molded body, is precisely sized, allowing the trigger point of the safety venting function to be adjusted very precisely. Particularly preferred is that, to achieve the safety venting function, grooves are introduced into the glass material, for example, using a laser. Thus, the extrusion force on the conductor can be selectively adjusted, and therefore the trigger point adjusted, regardless of the glass density and / or the thickness of the substrate, i.e., the ring thickness.

[0129] The extrusion or pressing force used for the conductor can also be affected by the length of the insert and / or the formation of a meniscus. The conductor's safety venting function allows for adjustment of the opening in memory devices, particularly batteries, under overpressure conditions, especially in the event of damage.

[0130] In addition to the measures mentioned above, the extrusion force and thereby the safety venting function of the conductor can be adjusted by one or more of the following measures:

[0131] - The thickness of the mounting;

[0132] -Use different glass materials;

[0133] -Different proportions of air bubbles in the glass;

[0134] - A structured glass surface formed by the shape of the glass molding before mounting;

[0135] - A structured glass surface formed by the shape of the glass molding during installation;

[0136] - A structured glass surface formed by laser processing after mounting;

[0137] - A notch or taper on one or both sides in a glass material.

[0138] - The length of the insert and the formation of the meniscus.

[0139] Figure 8 An electrical device according to the invention is shown, particularly a micro battery having a feedthrough or housing component with an opening according to the invention. The electrical device or micro battery is designated 10000, and the feedthrough or housing component with an opening is as shown in the figure. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The structure is as described in the text. The feedthrough component and... Figure 3 and Figure 4 The same components in Figure 5 The same reference numerals are used to denote the contents. In region 1504, with the weakened protrusion 10001, a battery cover having a sheet metal component 1 and a flexible flange is provided. Figure 3 and 4As part of the feedthrough, it is sealed to the rest of the flange 10001 of the electrical device or microcell housing by fusion welding, particularly laser welding. Terminal lugs 1400 are connected to conductors 20 embedded in the opening 3 of the feedthrough in the glass material 22. The battery constructed in the housing 10010 is electrically connected via the terminal lugs 1400 extending into the housing 10010. The pressure-sealed connection between the housing cover having the opening 3 as part of the feedthrough and the rest of the battery housing is achieved by fusion welding, the housing being cylindrical and directly connectable to the feedthrough. Preferably, fusion welding is performed between a plate piece having the opening as part of the feedthrough and a preferably cylindrical housing component that houses the battery in the region of the tip 1504 of the plate piece. The height of the area welded to the tip 1504 is a maximum of 5 mm, preferably a maximum of 3 mm, and particularly in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm, determining the structural height of the microcell pack. Pressure sealing refers to a helium leakage rate of less than 10% at a pressure difference of 1 bar. -8 mbar l / sec. Through a flexible flange, it is as follows: Figure 3 and 4 The structure is designed so that the feedthrough within the housing or the feedthroughs are welded to the remaining housing components, and thus achieves sufficient elasticity under the resulting temperature action.

[0140] In order to insulate the flexible flange from the internal conductor 20, in Figure 5 The feedthrough shown includes, for example, an insulating ring 10030 made of glass material, which covers the insert 22 and a flexible flange made of metal.

[0141] Due to the compact feedthrough, the overall height of the microcell is at most 5 mm, preferably at most 3 mm, and particularly in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm. (Based on...) Figure 3 and 4 The dimensions of the plate portion of the feedthrough element with flexible flange are as follows: The diameter of conductor 20 is 1 mm to 2 mm, preferably 1.5 mm. The diameter of opening 3 is in the range of 1 mm to 4 mm, preferably 2.5 mm to 3.0 mm. In the present case, insulation is achieved between the terminal lug 1400 and the plate portion of the feedthrough element passing through the insulating ring 10030. Alternatively, foamed glass may be used for the insulating ring, for example. The area covered by the glass material for insulation is 0.2 mm. The width of the entire plate portion, which is part of the feedthrough element introduced into the housing, is between 4.0 mm and 6.0 mm, preferably 4.5 mm. Figure 5 The embodiment is characterized in that the surface of a portion of the housing component 1052 is covered with an inorganic material, in particular a glass material or a glass-ceramic material, in order to provide electrical insulation for, for example, the contact piece 1400 relative to the housing when a feedthrough is introduced.

[0142] Figure 8 The conductor located within the microcell is shown using, for example Figure 8 The bent terminal lug 1400 is shown in contact, while Figure 9a A conductor with external terminals is shown. The conductor 20 includes a head or connector 20000 disposed on the conductor, which is made of a metallic material, preferably the same material as the conductor. Preferably, the head is circular, having a diameter in the range of 8 to 15 mm. The diameter of a typically circular conductor is in the range of 4 to 8 mm. The diameter of the opening is 6 to 10 mm. The embedded conductor 20 is joined to an electrical device (not shown) by the connector 20000 made of a metallic material. Preferably, the conductor and connector 20000 are integral, i.e., the connector can be obtained by expansion during stamping. To prevent short circuits between the connector 20000 of the conductor 20 and the embedded ring 10 of the battery cover, also made of a metallic material, an insulating element, particularly an insulating disc 20000, is provided, preferably made of glass or glass-ceramic material, ceramic, or a non-conductive organic material.

[0143] Figure 9b A housing component with an insert ring 10 and an insert conductor 20 is shown again, the conductor having a connector 20000 and an insulating disc 20010. It can be clearly seen that the insulating disc 20010 extends to the conductor 20, and makes the entire connector 20000 electrically insulated from the insert ring 10. Figure 9a The same components are indicated by the same reference numerals. Figure 9c A top view of a circular mounting ring 10 with an embedded conductor having a connector 20000 is shown. (As shown by...) Figure 9c As can be seen, the connector 20000 covers 60% to 90%, preferably 70% to 85%, of the area of ​​the opening of the insert ring 10. The insert ring 10 is equivalent to the previously described housing component with an opening; that is, the insert ring has an expansion coefficient α3 that is always greater than the expansion coefficient α2 of the glass material. This insert ring 10 can also be referred to as a substrate, in which the insert is placed. Figures 10a to 10b The diagram shows in detail the conductor 20 in the housing components, especially the substrate, preferably as shown in the image. Figure 1b The fitting is shown in the opening 3 of the fitting ring 9. According to... Figure 10a In the mounting, the mounting is in a larger area than Figure 10b The process is carried out over a longer length, thus avoiding the formation of a meniscus from the glass or glass-ceramic material to the housing component, especially the substrate, and preferably to the insert ring 9. This meniscus-free insert design results in virtually no breakage occurring in the glass material. Furthermore, it provides high pull-out force for the inserted conductor.

[0144] On the contrary, Figure 10b An embodiment of the invention is illustrated, wherein a meniscus is constructed in a glass material of a housing component, substrate, or insert ring 9. The meniscus is indicated by reference numeral 30000, and the glass material or glass-ceramic material is indicated by reference numeral 22. When the insert length is relative to... Figure 9a Short-term meniscus formation. When using a meniscus for mounting, the number of breakages increases compared to when no meniscus is formed in the glass material. By constructing a meniscus, the pull-out strength of the metal pins, especially the conductors, that bear the load is significantly reduced compared to mountings without a meniscus. In summary, it can be determined that in mountings that avoid forming a meniscus, the likelihood of glass breakage is reduced, while pull-out strength is increased. Generally, the thinner the substrate in which the mounting is performed, the greater the weight of the meniscus effect. Generally, since no meniscus is formed, the longer the mounting length, the higher the pull-out force.

[0145] The feedthrough according to the invention is particularly useful for the housing of electrical storage devices, especially batteries or capacitors. The very flat feedthrough according to the invention enables electrical storage devices to have a total structural height of up to 5 mm.

[0146] By embedding conductor pressure into the glass material, a tightly sealed feedthrough is provided.

[0147] Especially when using flexible flange designs for pressure fitting, and particularly when using duplex high-alloy steel or austenitic steel, higher pin or conductor extrusion forces are achieved. Furthermore, flexible flange designs for pressure fitting can mechanically withstand higher loads and exhibit higher extrusion forces for the fitted conductor compared to conventional fittings.

Claims

1. An electrical device having a feedthrough of a housing component (1) passing through a housing of the device, the housing being made of metal, wherein, The housing component (1) has at least one opening (3) as part of the feedthrough, wherein the opening (3) extends about an axis, and a first region of the housing component includes the opening and a second region of the housing component is adjacent to the opening, and the opening is accommodated in a conductive material in a glass or glass-ceramic material. Its features are, The first region of the housing component has a width W that is substantially perpendicular to the axis of the opening, and the width W of the first region is always greater than the thickness D2, D of the second region. E The conductive material has a first coefficient of thermal expansion α1, the glass material or glass-ceramic material has a second coefficient of thermal expansion α2, and the housing component (1) has a third coefficient of thermal expansion α3, wherein the third coefficient of thermal expansion α3 is always greater than the second coefficient of thermal expansion α2. The housing component includes a flexible flange having a free space F between a high or low region and a connection region extending along an axis parallel to the opening (3) to provide an insert length (EL) and apply prestress to the glass material, thereby preventing glass breakage or compensating for tensile and compressive stresses during temperature fluctuations.

2. The electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical device is an electrical storage device or a sensor housing.

3. The electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical device is a battery or a capacitor.

4. The electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical device is a micro battery.

5. The electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell is made of iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, high-grade alloy steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSiC, magnesium, magnesium alloy, or titanium or titanium alloy.

6. The electrical device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The opening is accommodated in a conductor (20) within a glass or glass-ceramic material.

7. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, At the connection area of ​​the flexible flange, the housing components can be connected to the housing by fusion welding or brazing.

8. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The thicknesses D2 and D E Within the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm.

9. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The thicknesses D2 and D E Within the range of 0.1mm to 0.6mm.

10. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The width W is in the range of 0.6 mm to 1 mm.

11. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The width W is in the range of 0.7mm to 0.9mm.

12. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The third expansion coefficient α3 is 12*10. -6 1 / K to 19*10 -6 The range is 1 / K, and / or the second expansion coefficient α2 is within 9*10. -6 1 / K to 11*10 -6 Within the range of 1 / K.

13. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The first expansion coefficient α1 is 6*10 -6 1 / K to 11*10 -6 Within the range of 1 / K.

14. The electrical device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The conductor is made of iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, high-grade alloy steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSiC, magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper, copper alloy, or titanium or titanium alloy.

15. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The glass material is aluminum borate glass.

16. The electrical device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The aluminum borate glass comprises Al₂O₃ and B₂O₃.

17. The electrical device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The conductor includes a head component.

18. The electrical device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The conductor includes a connector (20000).

19. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The first region has a material thickness or thickness D1, and the second region has a material thickness or thickness D2, and the thickness D1 of the first region is always greater than the thickness D2 of the second region.

20. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The first region has a flange (40) in the region of the opening (3) and thus forms an inner wall with a height greater than the material thickness or thickness D2 of the second region.

21. The electrical device according to claim 20, characterized in that, The embedding length EL of the glass material or glass-ceramic material corresponds to the height of the flange (40).

22. The electrical device according to claim 20, characterized in that, The flange (40) is an upwardly arched, shaped flange.

23. The electrical device according to claim 20, characterized in that, in, The housing component and flange are a single piece.

24. The electrical apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that, The flange (40) includes a recess (42) and / or a protrusion or projection (44) having a width W.

25. The electrical device according to claim 24, characterized in that, The material thickness or thickness D2 of the second region is substantially the same as the material thickness or thickness of the flange and / or the recess and / or the protrusion.

26. The electrical device according to claim 6, characterized in that, Insulating elements are arranged on the glass material or glass-ceramic material.

27. The electrical device according to claim 26, characterized in that, The insulating element is made of plastic, glass, or glass-ceramic.

28. The electrical device according to claim 26, characterized in that, The first region has a flange (40) in the region of the opening (3), and the insulating element covers the flange (40) or the end face of the plate part of the housing component, wherein the plane of the surface of the flange (40) and / or the plate part of the housing component is below the plane of the surface of the conductor (20), and / or the surface of the insulating element is in the plane of the surface of the conductor (20).

29. The electrical device according to claim 28, characterized in that, The insulating element covers the end face of the plate component in the first region.

30. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The electrical device has a total structural height of up to 40 mm.

31. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The electrical device has a total structural height of up to 20 mm.

32. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The electrical device has a maximum total structural height of 5mm.

33. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The electrical device has a maximum total structural height of 4 mm.

34. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The electrical device has a maximum total structural height of 3mm.

35. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The electrical device has a total structural height ranging from 1 mm to 40 mm.

36. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The electrical device has a total structural height in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm.

37. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The electrical device has a total structural height in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm.

38. The electrical device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The flexible flange is connected to the shell by fusion welding or brazing.

39. The electrical device according to claim 38, characterized in that, The welding is laser welding.

40. The electrical device according to claim 38, characterized in that, The connection provides less than 10 -8 Helium leakage rate of mbar l / sec.

41. A method for manufacturing an electrical device having a feedthrough, wherein a housing component (1) has at least one opening (3), wherein the opening (3) extends about an axis and accommodates a conductive material in a glass or glass-ceramic material, the method comprising the steps of: -Provide sheet metal parts with a material thickness or thickness D1 as housing components. - Introduce an opening (3) into the sheet metal part. - Press the sheet metal down to thickness D2 outside the area surrounding the opening (3). - Introducing a flexible flange having a free space F between a high or low region and a connection region extending along an axis parallel to the opening (3) to provide an insert length (EL), thereby preventing glass breakage or compensating for tensile and compressive stresses during temperature fluctuations. - A conductor in a glass or glass-ceramic material will be inserted into the opening. - Heating a sheet material with material inserted into an opening to perform pressure insertion of a conductor in a glass or glass-ceramic material.

42. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that, The electrical device is an electrical storage device or a sensor housing.

43. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that, The electrical device is a battery or a capacitor.

44. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that, The electrical device is a micro battery.

45. The method according to claim 41, characterized in that, The opening is accommodated in a conductor (20) within a glass or glass-ceramic material.

46. ​​A method for manufacturing an electrical device having a feedthrough, wherein a housing component (1) has at least one opening (3), wherein the opening (3) extends about an axis and accommodates a conductive material in a glass or glass-ceramic material, the method comprising the steps of: -Provide sheet metal parts with a material thickness or thickness D2 as housing components. - Introduce an opening into the sheet metal part. - The flange is raised by molding around the opening. - Introducing a flexible flange having a free space F between a high or low region and a connection region extending along an axis parallel to the opening (3) to provide an insert length (EL), thereby preventing glass breakage or compensating for tensile and compressive stresses during temperature fluctuations. - Insert a conductor from a glass or glass-ceramic material into an opening with a flange. - Heating a sheet material with material inserted into an opening to perform pressure insertion of a conductor in a glass or glass-ceramic material.

47. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that, The electrical device is an electrical storage device or a sensor housing.

48. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that, The electrical device is a battery or a capacitor.

49. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that, The electrical device is a micro battery.

50. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that, The opening is accommodated in a conductor (20) within a glass or glass-ceramic material.

51. The method according to claim 46, characterized in that, The method includes: -A flange parallel to the axis of the opening (3) is formed and raised around the opening by molding, having a recess and / or a protrusion.

52. An electrical device having a feedthrough of a housing component (1) passing through a housing of the device, the housing being made of metal, wherein, The housing component (1) has at least one opening (3) as part of the feedthrough, wherein the opening (3) extends about an axis, and a first region of the housing component includes the opening and a second region of the housing component is adjacent to the opening, and the opening is accommodated in a conductive material in a glass or glass-ceramic material. Its features are, The conductive material has a first coefficient of thermal expansion α1, and the glass material or glass-ceramic material has a second coefficient of thermal expansion α2, and the housing component (1) has a third coefficient of thermal expansion α3, wherein the third coefficient of thermal expansion α3 is always greater than the second coefficient of thermal expansion α2, and the housing includes a flexible flange. The flange has a free space F located on an axis extending parallel to the opening (3) and used to provide the fitting length (EL) between a high or low region and a connection region, such that it prevents the glass from breaking or compensates for tensile and compressive stresses during temperature fluctuations.

53. The electrical device according to claim 52, characterized in that, The electrical device is an electrical storage device or a sensor housing.

54. The electrical device according to claim 52, characterized in that, The electrical device is a battery or a capacitor.

55. The electrical device according to claim 52, characterized in that, The electrical device is a micro battery.

56. The electrical device according to claim 52, characterized in that, The shell is made of iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, high-grade alloy steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSiC, magnesium, magnesium alloy, or titanium or titanium alloy.

57. The electrical apparatus according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The opening is accommodated in a conductor (20) within a glass or glass-ceramic material.

58. The electrical apparatus according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, At the connection area of ​​the flexible flange, the housing components can be connected to the housing by fusion welding or brazing.

59. The electrical apparatus according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The flexible flange is connected to the shell by fusion welding or brazing.

60. The electrical device according to claim 59, characterized in that, The welding is laser welding.

61. The electrical device according to claim 59, characterized in that, The connection provides less than 10 -8 Helium leakage rate of mbar l / sec.

62. The electrical apparatus according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The housing component is a sheet metal part with a thickness D2, wherein D2 is in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm.

63. The electrical device according to claim 62, characterized in that, D2 is in the range of 0.1mm to 0.6mm.

64. The electrical device according to claim 62, characterized in that, The flexible flange is obtained by molding the sheet metal part, wherein the flexible flange has the thickness D2 of the sheet metal part as its thickness.

65. The electrical apparatus according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The flexible flange is made of one of the following materials: -Has a value between 10 and 12*10 -6 K -1 Ferritic high-grade alloy steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion within the specified range. -Has a value of 12 to 13*10 -6 K -1 Standard steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion within the specified range, -Has a value of 13 to 14*10 -6 K -1 Dual-phase high-alloy steels with a coefficient of thermal expansion within a certain range. - With 16 to 18*10 -6 K -1 Austenitic high-grade alloy steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion within a certain range.

66. The electrical apparatus according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The second expansion coefficient α2 is 9*10 -6 1 / K to 11*10 -6 Within the range of 1 / K.

67. The electrical apparatus according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The first expansion coefficient α1 is 6*10 -6 1 / K to 11*10 -6 Within the range of 1 / K.

68. The electrical apparatus according to claim 57, characterized in that, The conductor is made of iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, high-grade alloy steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSiC, magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper, copper alloy, or titanium or titanium alloy.

69. The electrical apparatus according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The housing component has a flange in the area of ​​the opening and thus forms an inner wall with a height greater than the material thickness or thickness D2, wherein the embedding length EL of the glass material or glass-ceramic material is determined by the height of the flange (40).

70. The electrical device according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The electrical device has a total structural height of up to 40 mm.

71. The electrical device according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The electrical device has a total structural height of up to 20 mm.

72. The electrical device according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The electrical device has a maximum total structural height of 5mm.

73. The electrical device according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The electrical device has a maximum total structural height of 4 mm.

74. The electrical device according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The electrical device has a maximum total structural height of 3mm.

75. The electrical device according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The electrical device has a total structural height ranging from 1 mm to 40 mm.

76. The electrical device according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The electrical device has a total structural height in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm.

77. The electrical device according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, The electrical device has a total structural height in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm.

78. The electrical apparatus according to any one of claims 52 to 56, characterized in that, By selecting the material for the flexible flange in this way, the glass prestress acting on the conductor via the glass is adjusted, thereby adjusting the extrusion force of the conductor.

79. The electrical device according to claim 57, characterized in that, The conductor's safety venting function is adjusted in case of overpressure due to damage by regulating the conductor's extrusion force.

80. The electrical device according to claim 57, characterized in that, The opening of the memory device is adjusted in case of overpressure due to damage by adjusting the extrusion force of the conductor.

81. The electrical device according to claim 57, characterized in that, The opening of the battery is adjusted in case of overpressure due to damage by adjusting the extrusion force of the conductor.

82. The electrical device according to claim 79, characterized in that, The extrusion force of the conductor can be adjusted by one or more of the following measures: -Thickness of the mounting -Using different glass materials - Different proportions of bubbles in the glass - A structured glass surface formed by the shape of the glass molding before mounting. - A structured glass surface formed by the shape of the glass molding during installation. - A structured glass surface formed by laser processing after mounting. - A notch or taper on one or both sides in a glass material. - Notches or taperes in conductors and / or housings or housing components or substrates.

83. A micro battery having a feedthrough that passes through a housing component (1) of a device housing, the housing being made of metal, wherein, The housing component (1) has at least one opening (3) as part of the feedthrough, wherein the opening (3) extends about an axis, and a first region of the housing component includes the opening and a second region of the housing component is adjacent to the opening, and the opening accommodates a conductive material in a glass or glass-ceramic material. Its features are, The conductive material has a first coefficient of thermal expansion α1, the glass material or glass-ceramic material has a second coefficient of thermal expansion α2, and the housing component (1) has a third coefficient of thermal expansion α3. in, The third expansion coefficient α3 is always greater than the second expansion coefficient α2. The housing component includes a flexible flange having a free space F extending along an axis parallel to the opening (3) and used to provide an insert length (EL) between a high or low region and a connection region, such that it prevents glass breakage or compensates for tensile and compressive stresses during temperature fluctuations.

84. The micro battery according to claim 83, characterized in that, The shell is made of iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, high-grade alloy steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSiC, magnesium, magnesium alloy, or titanium or titanium alloy.

85. The micro battery according to claim 83, characterized in that, The opening accommodates a conductor (20) in a glass or glass-ceramic material.

86. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, At the connection area of ​​the flexible flange, the housing components can be connected to the housing by fusion welding or brazing.

87. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The third expansion coefficient α3 is located at 12*10. -6 1 / K to 19*10 -6 The range is within 1 / K and / or the second expansion coefficient α2 is within 9*10. -6 1 / K to 11*10 -6 Within the range of 1 / K.

88. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The first expansion coefficient α1 is located at 6*10 -6 1 / K to 11*10 -6 Within the range of 1 / K.

89. The micro battery according to claim 85, characterized in that, The conductor is made of iron, iron alloy, iron-nickel alloy, iron-nickel-cobalt alloy, KOVAR, steel, stainless steel, high-grade alloy steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, AlSiC, magnesium, magnesium alloy, copper, copper alloy, titanium, or titanium alloy.

90. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The micro battery has a total structural height of up to 40 mm.

91. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The micro battery has a total structural height of up to 20 mm.

92. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The micro battery has a total structural height of up to 5 mm.

93. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The micro battery has a maximum total structural height of 4 mm.

94. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The micro battery has a maximum total structural height of 3mm.

95. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The microcell has a total structural height ranging from 1 mm to 40 mm.

96. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The microcell has a total structural height in the range of 1 mm to 5 mm.

97. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The microcell has a total structural height in the range of 1 mm to 3 mm.

98. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The flange is connected to the battery casing by fusion welding or brazing.

99. The micro battery according to claim 98, characterized in that, The flange is a flexible flange.

100. The micro battery according to claim 98, characterized in that, The welding is laser welding.

101. The micro battery according to claim 98, characterized in that, The connection provides less than 10 -8 Helium leakage rate of mbar l / sec.

102. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The micro battery, as a housing component, includes a sheet metal part having a thickness D2, wherein D2 is in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm.

103. The micro battery according to claim 102, characterized in that, D2 is in the range of 0.1mm to 0.6mm.

104. The micro battery according to claim 102, characterized in that, The flexible flange is obtained by molding the sheet metal part, and the flexible flange has the thickness D2 of the sheet metal part as its thickness.

105. The micro battery according to claim 99, characterized in that, The flexible flange is made of one of the following materials: -Has a value between 10 and 12*10 -6 K -1 Ferritic high-grade alloy steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion within the specified range. -Has a value of 12 to 13*10 -6 K -1 Standard steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion within the specified range, -Has a value of 13 to 14*10 -6 K -1 Dual-phase high-alloy steels with a coefficient of thermal expansion within a certain range. - With 16 to 18*10 -6 K -1 Austenitic high-grade alloy steel with a coefficient of thermal expansion within a certain range.

106. The micro battery according to claim 99, characterized in that, By selecting the material for the flexible flange in this way, the glass prestress and / or the extrusion force of the conductor can be adjusted through the glass and also act on the conductor.

107. The micro battery according to claim 85, characterized in that, By adjusting the extrusion force of the conductor, the safety venting function of the conductor can be adjusted in case of damage or overpressure.

108. The micro battery according to claim 85, characterized in that, The opening of the memory device is adjusted in case of overpressure due to damage by adjusting the extrusion force of the conductor.

109. The micro battery according to claim 85, characterized in that, The opening of the battery is adjusted in case of overpressure due to damage by adjusting the extrusion force of the conductor.

110. The micro battery according to claim 107, characterized in that, The extrusion force of the conductor can be adjusted by one or more of the following measures: -Thickness of the mounting -Using different glass materials - Different proportions of bubbles in the glass - A structured glass surface formed by the shape of the glass molding before mounting. - A structured glass surface formed by the shape of the glass molding during installation. - A structured glass surface formed by laser processing after mounting. - A notch or taper on one or both sides in a glass material. - Notches or taper sections in the conductor and / or housing or housing components or substrate - The length of the insert and the formation of the meniscus.

111. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, The glass material is aluminum borate glass.

112. The micro battery according to claim 111, characterized in that, The aluminum borate glass comprises Al₂O₃ and B₂O₃.

113. The micro battery according to claim 85, characterized in that, The conductor includes a head component.

114. The micro battery according to claim 85, characterized in that, The conductor includes a connector.

115. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, A glass or glass-ceramic material introduced between the conductive material and the housing component forms a meniscus relative to the housing component.

116. The micro battery according to any one of claims 83 to 85, characterized in that, A glass or glass-ceramic material introduced between the conductive material and the substrate forms a meniscus relative to the substrate.

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