Inert carbon, its preparation and use

Abstract

The present application is named inert carbon and its preparation method and application, which can be applied to the field of manufacturing smoke and fire agent (medicine) and initiating explosive, completely replaces black powder and solves the emission of harmful gases of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides after combustion and explosion, and greatly improves the launching power, sensitivity, smoke and hygroscopicity. The carbon source is crushed to form carbon powder, and the water-soluble substances with strong hygroscopicity in the carbon powder are removed by water washing to form clean carbon powder. The high-purity carbon powder can also be prepared by boiling the carbon powder with strong acid or strong base and then washing with water. Then, the carbon powder, clean carbon powder, high-purity carbon powder or mixed carbon powder is subjected to three-dimensional penetration coating by using high-temperature or high-temperature pressure pentaerythritol aqueous solution, so as to become a truly high-energy fast-burning inert carbon. Subsequently, the surface of the inert carbon can be modified and coated by using organic matter such as stearic acid to reduce the friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of the smoke and fire agent (medicine), so as to replace sulfur and ordinary carbon powder, and make it perfectly applied in the smoke and fire agent (medicine) and initiating explosive.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fireworks and firecrackers technology, and specifically relates to an inert carbon (hereinafter referred to as inert carbon) material, its preparation method and application. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional black powder (primarily used as a special product of pyrotechnic agents) is made from a mixture of charcoal powder, potassium nitrate, and sulfur. The combustion of charcoal powder produces a large amount of gas and heat, potassium nitrate provides oxygen, and sulfur coats the charcoal powder to solve the problem of material moisture absorption and acts as an adhesive. The three substances work together organically and are mainly used in the fields of pyrotechnic agents and pyrotechnic products. However, the combustion and explosion of black powder produces harmful sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases, which leads to prominent air pollution problems. Moreover, its production, storage, and road transportation pose public safety hazards. In the past decade or so, some fireworks and firecracker companies, universities, and research institutions have made certain improvements to the explosives and propellants. They mainly use waste materials from chemical fiber companies (mainly mixtures of terephthalic acid) for rough processing, and mix them with a certain proportion of oxidizers and energy-saving agents to make pyrotechnic agents (propellants) to replace black powder. However, there are problems such as high gunpowder sensitivity, general launch efficiency, limited smoke control, and easy moisture absorption. The limitations of the materials themselves are too great, and the safety and environmental protection problems of black powder have not been completely solved. Moreover, because different manufacturers use different industrial waste compositions, the raw material quality lacks consistency, and it has been unable to form an effective market, making it difficult to reverse the decline of the traditional industry. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides an inert carbon (hereinafter referred to as inert carbon) and its preparation method and application.

[0004] This invention provides an inert carbon, the basic components of which include carbon powder and pentaerythritol, and optionally added organic substances such as stearic acid.

[0005] This invention provides a method for preparing the inert carbon as described above, the method comprising:

[0006] Production of charcoal powder: Various types of biochar materials with high carbon content, or high-quality coal and coke, are pulverized into charcoal powder with a particle size of 0.1 to 150 micrometers. One or more types of pulverized charcoal powder in any proportion are then washed with water to remove various water-soluble substances with strong hygroscopicity (such as phenols, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, potassium carbonate, etc.). During this process, the charcoal powder can be selectively boiled in water in a container before washing to produce clean charcoal powder. Alternatively, a purification process can be added, using hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid (including mixtures of multiple strong acids in any proportion) or strong alkali to boil or rinse the charcoal powder and then thoroughly wash it with water to produce high-purity charcoal powder. Or, two or more types of charcoal powder, clean charcoal powder, or high-purity charcoal powder can be selected without restrictions on weight and volume ratio to produce mixed charcoal powder.

[0007] Penetrating three-dimensional coating: For pulverized carbon powder, clean carbon powder, high-purity carbon powder, or mixed carbon powder, this preparation method innovatively uses a pentaerythritol aqueous solution or a mixture of pentaerythritol and water at room temperature or under pressure to penetrate three-dimensionally coat the carbon powder, clean carbon powder, high-purity carbon powder, or mixed carbon powder in the container, so as to achieve the purpose of all-round coating of the surface and pores of the carbon powder, clean carbon powder, high-purity carbon powder, or mixed carbon powder, forming inert carbon.

[0008] Dehydration and pulverization or pressing: After boiling to dry the water in the container, remove the material and pulverize it again using pulverizing equipment to achieve the particle size required by the market user. Alternatively, the inert carbon in the container can be randomly discharged along with the water, dehydrated using a centrifuge, filter press, or other methods, dried, pulverized, and packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the inert carbon in the container can be randomly discharged along with the water and directly spray-dried to the particle size required by the market, and finally packaged as a finished product. Considering transportation costs, or the possibility that companies using inert carbon may have their own pulverization needs, carbon powder, clean carbon powder, high-purity carbon powder, or mixed carbon powder produced by this process, after being coated with pentaerythritol, can be dried and pressed into inert carbon of any shape for direct sale to downstream companies.

[0009] Surface modification coating (optional): In addition, based on the inert carbon prepared by the above method, surface modification coating can be carried out using organic materials such as stearic acid to produce inert carbon with lower adsorption capacity and greater safety.

[0010] This inert carbon can be added with any reducing agent and combined with oxidizers, energy-saving agents, catalysts, or chemical explosives to manufacture pyrotechnic agents (explosives), mixed explosives, and corresponding fireworks, firecrackers, and pyrotechnic products (such as nail gun bullets), thereby completely replacing sulfur and ordinary charcoal powder. This allows it to be perfectly applied in pyrotechnic agents (explosives), mixed explosives, corresponding fireworks, firecrackers, and pyrotechnic products, solving the problem of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from the combustion and explosion of existing pyrotechnic agents (explosives), mixed explosives, corresponding fireworks, firecrackers, and pyrotechnic products.

[0011] Compared to sulfur-coated charcoal powder, inert charcoal not only completely eliminates the generation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides after combustion and explosion, but also doubles the absolute amount of heat of combustion and gas production. Furthermore, it significantly addresses the moisture absorption problem of charcoal powder compared to other modified materials on the market. Therefore, inert charcoal formed by coating charcoal powder with pentaerythritol achieves a truly perfect combination of safety, environmental friendliness, high efficiency, and low cost when used as a raw material for pyrotechnic agents (powder), mixed explosives, and corresponding fireworks and firecrackers.

[0012] Furthermore, based on the penetrating coating of charcoal powder with pentaerythritol, surface modification coating can be further performed using organic materials such as stearic acid. This includes coating inert charcoal, oxidants, or added energy-saving agents and catalysts with organic materials such as stearic acid alone; or adding or coating organic compounds such as stearic acid during the manufacturing of inert charcoal-based pyrotechnic agents (explosives). This can not only further improve the water absorption problem, but also significantly reduce the friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity of pyrotechnic agents (explosives), solving the safety issues in the production, transportation, storage and use of pyrotechnic agents (explosives) and pyrotechnic products. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The inert carbon produced by this invention is used in pyrotechnic agents (powder) in fireworks and firecrackers. Tested by a nationally authorized fireworks and firecrackers product quality supervision and inspection agency, its moisture absorption rate, friction sensitivity, impact sensitivity, ignition temperature, low-temperature test, 75℃ thermal stability, electrostatic sensitivity, and flame sensitivity all meet the requirements of GB10631-2013 and AQ4104-2008 standards. Furthermore, its explosion pressure, tested twice by a provincial-level state-owned enterprise specializing in civilian explosives, exceeded 2.7 MPa, significantly higher than the 2.2 MPa explosion pressure of black powder tested thereon.

[0014] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0015] Example 1

[0016] First, prepare the carbon source by using a crushing device to crush various types of biochar materials with high carbon content, or high-quality coal and coke, into carbon powder with a particle size of 0.1 to 150 micrometers.

[0017] Furthermore, carbon powder (based on dry weight) and pentaerythritol are added simultaneously or separately to a container at a weight ratio of 1% to 99% of one or more (including two) of the above-mentioned carbon powder and 99% to 1% of pentaerythritol. Under conditions of room temperature or a temperature raised to below 262°C and possibly under pressure, the carbon powder is permeated and three-dimensionally coated with an aqueous solution of pentaerythritol to form inert carbon.

[0018] Furthermore, the coated inert carbon, along with the aqueous solution, is released, spray-dried to the particle size required by the user, and then packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the water in the container can be boiled dry, the coated inert carbon removed, and pulverized to the particle size required by the user, and then packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the inert carbon in the container can be released randomly along with the water, dehydrated using a centrifuge, filter press, or other methods, dried, pulverized, and packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the user can consider pulverizing the inert carbon themselves, dehydrating the coated inert carbon, pressing it into any shape, and then packaging the finished product.

[0019] Optionally, depending on market demand, the dried inert carbon can be surface-modified and coated using a coating equipment by heating the inert carbon powder from room temperature to below 100°C at a weight ratio of 99.5% to 85% inert carbon powder to 0.5% to 15% organic matter such as stearic acid, and then packaged as a finished product.

[0020] Example 2

[0021] First, prepare the carbon source by using a crushing device to crush various types of biochar materials with high carbon content, or high-quality coal and coke, into carbon powder with a particle size of 0.1 to 150 micrometers.

[0022] Furthermore, place one or more types (including two types) of charcoal powder in any proportion into a filter press or centrifuge and rinse repeatedly with water. During this process, the charcoal powder can be selectively heated and boiled in a container before washing until the inherent water-soluble substances (such as phenols, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, potassium carbonate, etc.) in the charcoal powder are washed away. Then, the water is removed to produce clean charcoal powder.

[0023] Furthermore, clean carbon powder, pentaerythritol, and water are simultaneously or separately added to a container at a weight ratio of 1% to 99% (dry weight) to 99% to 1% pentaerythritol. Under conditions of ambient temperature or a temperature below 262°C and under pressure, the clean carbon powder is permeated and three-dimensionally coated with an aqueous solution of pentaerythritol to form inert carbon.

[0024] Furthermore, the coated inert carbon, along with the aqueous solution, is released, spray-dried to the particle size required by the user, and then packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the water in the container can be boiled dry, the coated inert carbon removed, and pulverized to the particle size required by the user, and then packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the inert carbon in the container can be released randomly along with the water, dehydrated using a centrifuge, filter press, or other methods, dried, pulverized, and packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the user can consider pulverizing the inert carbon themselves, dehydrating the coated inert carbon, pressing it into any shape, and then packaging the finished product.

[0025] Optionally, depending on market demand, the dried inert carbon can be surface-modified and coated using a coating equipment by heating the inert carbon powder from room temperature to below 100°C at a weight ratio of 99.5% to 85% inert carbon powder to 0.5% to 15% organic matter such as stearic acid, and then packaged as a finished product.

[0026] Example 3

[0027] First, prepare the carbon source by using a crushing device to crush various types of biochar materials with high carbon content, or high-quality coal and coke, into carbon powder with a particle size of 0.1 to 150 micrometers.

[0028] Optionally, one or more (including two) types of charcoal powder in any proportion are placed in a filter press or centrifuge and repeatedly rinsed with water. During this process, the water can be selectively heated in a container to boil the charcoal powder before washing, until the inherent water-soluble substances (such as phenols, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, potassium carbonate, etc.) in the charcoal powder are washed away. Then, the water is removed to produce clean charcoal powder.

[0029] Furthermore, one or more (including two) types of carbon powder or clean carbon powder in any proportion are placed in a container containing an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or nitric acid (including a mixture of multiple strong acids in any proportion) and heated to produce water-soluble substances by reacting the non-water-soluble substances in the carbon powder other than carbon. Alternatively, the carbon powder in the centrifuge or filter press can be repeatedly rinsed with an aqueous solution containing hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or nitric acid (including a mixture of multiple strong acids in any proportion) and then washed with water to remove moisture and water-soluble substances, thus producing high-purity carbon powder.

[0030] Furthermore, high-purity carbon powder (on a dry weight basis) and pentaerythritol (on a weight basis of 1% to 99%) are simultaneously or separately added to a container. Under conditions of room temperature or a temperature raised to below 262°C and possibly under pressure, the high-purity carbon powder is permeated and three-dimensionally coated with an aqueous solution of pentaerythritol to form inert carbon.

[0031] Furthermore, the coated inert carbon, along with the aqueous solution, is released, spray-dried to the particle size required by the user, and then packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the water in the container can be boiled dry, the coated inert carbon removed, and pulverized to the particle size required by the user, and then packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the inert carbon in the container can be released randomly along with the water, dehydrated using a centrifuge, filter press, or other methods, dried, pulverized, and packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the user can consider pulverizing the inert carbon themselves, dehydrating the coated inert carbon, pressing it into any shape, and then packaging the finished product.

[0032] Optionally, depending on market demand, the dried inert carbon can be surface-modified and coated using a coating equipment by heating the inert carbon powder from room temperature to below 100°C at a weight ratio of 99.5% to 85% inert carbon powder to 0.5% to 15% organic matter such as stearic acid, and then packaged as a finished product.

[0033] Example 4

[0034] First, prepare the carbon powder. Carbon powder, clean carbon powder, or high-purity carbon powder can be prepared according to the methods described in Examples 1, 2, and 3, or two or more types of carbon powder, clean carbon powder, or high-purity carbon powder can be selected without limitation on the weight and volume ratio to form a mixed carbon powder.

[0035] Furthermore, the mixed carbon powder (on a dry weight basis) and pentaerythritol are added to a container simultaneously or separately at a weight ratio of 1% to 99% to 1% of the mixed carbon powder (on a dry weight basis). Under conditions of room temperature or a temperature below 262°C and under pressure, the high-purity carbon powder is permeated and three-dimensionally coated with the pentaerythritol aqueous solution to form inert carbon.

[0036] Furthermore, the coated inert carbon, along with the aqueous solution, is released, spray-dried to the particle size required by the user, and then packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the water in the container can be boiled dry, the coated inert carbon removed, and pulverized to the particle size required by the user, and then packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the inert carbon in the container can be released randomly along with the water, dehydrated using a centrifuge, filter press, or other methods, dried, pulverized, and packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the user can consider pulverizing the inert carbon themselves, dehydrating the coated inert carbon, pressing it into any shape, and then packaging the finished product.

[0037] Optionally, depending on market demand, the dried inert carbon can be surface-modified and coated using a coating equipment by heating the inert carbon powder from room temperature to below 100°C at a weight ratio of 99.5% to 85% inert carbon powder to 0.5% to 15% organic matter such as stearic acid, and then packaged as a finished product.

[0038] Example 5

[0039] First, prepare the carbon powder. The carbon powder, clean carbon powder, or high-purity carbon powder can be prepared according to the methods described in Examples 1, 2, and 3, or mixed carbon powder can be prepared according to the method described in Example 4.

[0040] Furthermore, pentaerythritol and water are added to a container to form an aqueous solution of pentaerythritol, or a mixture of pentaerythritol and water is prepared. Then, the above aqueous solution or mixture is placed in the same container with carbon powder, clean carbon powder, high-purity carbon powder or mixed carbon powder, and a permeation coating is carried out with stirring to finally form inert carbon with a weight ratio of 1% to 99% carbon powder (on dry weight) and 99% to 1% pentaerythritol.

[0041] Furthermore, the coated inert carbon, along with the aqueous solution, is released, spray-dried to the particle size required by the user, and then packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the water in the container can be boiled dry, the coated inert carbon removed, and pulverized to the particle size required by the user, and then packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the inert carbon in the container can be released randomly along with the water, dehydrated using a centrifuge, filter press, or other methods, dried, pulverized, and packaged as a finished product. Alternatively, the user can consider pulverizing the inert carbon themselves, dehydrating the coated inert carbon, pressing it into any shape, and then packaging the finished product.

[0042] Optionally, depending on market demand, the dried inert carbon can be surface-modified and coated using a coating equipment by heating the inert carbon powder from room temperature to below 100°C at a weight ratio of 99.5% to 85% inert carbon powder to 0.5% to 15% organic matter such as stearic acid, and then packaged as a finished product.

[0043] Example 6

[0044] First, prepare the carbon powder. The carbon powder, clean carbon powder, or high-purity carbon powder can be prepared according to the methods described in Examples 1, 2, and 3, or mixed carbon powder can be prepared according to the method described in Example 4.

[0045] Furthermore, carbon powder, clean carbon powder, high-purity carbon powder, or mixed carbon powder is placed in equipment such as a centrifuge or filter press, and coated with a pentaerythritol aqueous solution or a mixture of pentaerythritol and water through a rinsing-like penetrating process. After removing excess aqueous solution using a centrifuge or filter press, the solid material is dried in any manner to ultimately form inert carbon with a weight ratio of 1% to 99% carbon powder (on a dry weight basis) and 99% to 1% pentaerythritol. Subsequently, it is pulverized in any manner, or the user may pulverize it themselves, press it into inert carbon of any shape, and package the finished product.

[0046] Optionally, depending on market demand, the dried inert carbon can be surface-modified and coated using a coating equipment by heating the inert carbon powder from room temperature to below 100°C at a weight ratio of 99.5% to 85% inert carbon powder to 0.5% to 15% organic matter such as stearic acid, and then packaged as a finished product.

Claims

1. An inert carbon material, characterized in that, It is prepared by coating carbon powder with an aqueous solution containing pentaerythritol at room temperature or at a temperature below 262°C under pressure.

2. The inert carbon material as described in claim 1, characterized in that, After coating, it is pressed into inert carbon of various shapes.

3. The inert carbon material as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It is prepared by surface modification coating with stearic acid after coating.

4. A method for preparing an inert carbon material as described in any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Making carbon powder: various types of biochar materials with high carbon content, high-quality coal or coke are crushed into carbon powder with a particle size of 0.1 to 150 micrometers; one or more types of carbon powder in any proportion after crushing are washed with water to remove various water-soluble substances with strong hygroscopicity, or the carbon powder is boiled in water in a container and then washed to make clean carbon powder; or a purification process is added, and the carbon powder is boiled or rinsed with water after being boiled or rinsed in any proportion of a mixture of strong acids or strong alkalis to make high-purity carbon powder; or two or more types of crushed carbon powder, clean carbon powder and high-purity carbon powder are selected without any restrictions on weight and volume ratio to make mixed carbon powder; (2) Penetrating three-dimensional coating: For pulverized carbon powder, clean carbon powder, high-purity carbon powder or mixed carbon powder, use a pentaerythritol-containing aqueous solution at room temperature or heated to below 262℃ and pressurized to perform penetrating three-dimensional coating on the pulverized carbon powder, clean carbon powder, high-purity carbon powder or mixed carbon powder in the container, so as to achieve all-round coating of the surface and pores of the pulverized carbon powder, clean carbon powder, high-purity carbon powder or mixed carbon powder, forming inert carbon; (3) Dehydration, pulverization or pressing: Then boil the water in the container to dry, take out the material, and pulverize it again with a pulverizing device to the particle size required by the market user; or release the inert carbon in the container along with the water, remove the water with a centrifuge or filter press, dry it, pulverize it and package the finished product; or release the inert carbon in the container along with the water, spray dry it directly to the particle size required by the market, and finally package the finished product; or after the pulverized carbon powder, clean carbon powder, high-purity carbon powder or mixed carbon powder is coated with pentaerythritol, it is dried and pressed into inert carbon of any shape.

5. The method for preparing inert carbon material according to claim 4, characterized in that, Further surface modification and coating with stearic acid resulted in inert carbon with lower adsorption capacity and greater safety.

6. The method for preparing the inert carbon material according to any one of claims 4-5, characterized in that, The preparation method is semi-automatic or fully automated.

7. A pyrotechnic agent, characterized in that, The inert carbon material as described in any one of claims 1-3 or the inert carbon prepared by any one of claims 4-6 is used as raw material, and a reducing agent is added, and an oxidizing agent, an energy-saving agent, a catalyst or a chemical explosive is added to prepare the material.

8. The pyrotechnic agent according to claim 7, characterized in that, Stearic acid is used to modify and coat the surfaces of oxidants, energy-saving agents, and catalysts.

9. The pyrotechnic agent according to claim 7, characterized in that, Stearic acid is added or coated during the manufacturing of inert carbon-based pyrotechnic agents.

10. A mixed explosive, characterized in that, The inert carbon material as described in any one of claims 1-3 or the inert carbon prepared by any one of claims 4-6 is used as raw material, and a reducing agent is added, and an oxidizing agent, an energy-saving agent, a catalyst or a chemical explosive is added to prepare the material.

11. The mixed explosive according to claim 10, characterized in that, Stearic acid is used to modify and coat the surfaces of oxidants, energy-saving agents, and catalysts.

12. A type of fireworks and firecrackers, characterized in that, The inert carbon material as described in any one of claims 1-3 or the inert carbon prepared by any one of claims 4-6 is used as raw material, and a reducing agent is added, and an oxidizing agent, an energy-saving agent, a catalyst or a chemical explosive is added to prepare the material.

13. The fireworks and firecrackers according to claim 12, characterized in that, Stearic acid is used to modify and coat the surfaces of oxidants, energy-saving agents, and catalysts.

14. A pyrotechnic device, characterized in that, The inert carbon material as described in any one of claims 1-3 or the inert carbon prepared by any one of claims 4-6 is used as raw material, and a reducing agent is added, and an oxidizing agent, an energy-saving agent, a catalyst or a chemical explosive is added to prepare the material.

15. The pyrotechnic product according to claim 14, characterized in that, Stearic acid is used to modify and coat the surfaces of oxidants, energy-saving agents, and catalysts.

16. The pyrotechnic device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the pyrotechnic device is specifically a nail gun cartridge.