Efficient positive and negative electrode disassembling mechanism for lithium battery and disassembling method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to a high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism and method for lithium batteries, belonging to the field of lithium battery recycling. It includes a frame with mounting rollers arranged along the front-to-back direction. The mounting rollers are rod-shaped, and their rear ends are rotatably mounted on the frame. The frame also has four guiding devices: a first guiding device, a second guiding device, a third guiding device, and a fourth guiding device. Corresponding to the four guiding devices, a transfer storage box is also provided on the frame. The transfer storage box includes two receiving cavities, each with an elongated opening at its bottom. The frame also has four winding devices. Each winding device includes a winding roller, which is parallel to the mounting rollers and rotatably mounted on the frame at its rear end. A fixing groove is formed at the front end of the winding roller, and the winding roller extends from the front end and both sides of the fixing groove. This invention can improve the efficiency of the lithium battery positive and negative electrode material recycling process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery recycling, and in particular to a high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism and disassembly method for lithium batteries. Background Technology

[0002] A lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery that primarily functions by the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. During charging and discharging, lithium ions repeatedly insert and extract between the two electrodes: during charging, lithium ions extract from the positive electrode, pass through the electrolyte, and insert into the negative electrode, leaving the negative electrode in a lithium-rich state; the reverse occurs during discharging. The main components of a lithium-ion battery include the casing, electrolyte, anode material, cathode material, adhesive, copper foil, and aluminum foil. The mass fractions of Co, Li, and Ni are 5%–15%, 2%–7%, and 0.5%–2%, respectively, and it also contains metallic elements such as Al, Cu, and Fe, giving it significant recycling value.

[0003] Currently, lithium battery recycling and dismantling processes include dismantling and crushing, material sorting, and metal separation. In existing lithium battery crushing processes, the separator and positive / negative electrode plates are crushed together. After crushing, the separator fragments and positive / negative electrode plate fragments are mixed together, requiring further separation, which is quite difficult. Therefore, existing separation equipment requires repeated separation processes, including multiple airflow sorting and sieving steps, to separate the separator fragments, positive / negative electrode plate fragments, and positive / negative electrode materials (the positive and negative electrode slurry coated on the positive and negative electrode plates). This process is time-consuming and hinders the efficiency of lithium battery recycling. Based on this, the present invention provides a high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism and method for lithium batteries, which separates the separator, positive electrode, and negative electrode of the lithium battery before crushing. This allows for the separation of the separator, positive electrode, and negative electrode during the crushing process, thus eliminating the need for subsequent separation of separator fragments and positive / negative electrode fragments, as well as separation of negative / negative electrode materials. This improves the efficiency of the lithium battery positive and negative electrode material recycling process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism for lithium batteries, including a frame. An mounting roller is arranged along the front-to-back direction on the frame. The mounting roller is rod-shaped, and its rear end is rotatably mounted on the frame. The frame also has four guiding devices located below the mounting roller, arranged sequentially from right to left: a first guiding device, a second guiding device, a third guiding device, and a fourth guiding device. A transfer storage box is also provided on the frame corresponding to the four guiding devices. The transfer storage box includes two accommodating cavities, with the second and fourth guiding devices located within each cavity. The bottom of each cavity has an elongated opening. The frame also has four winding devices corresponding to the four guiding devices. Each winding device includes a rod-shaped winding roller mounted on the frame. The winding roller is parallel to the mounting roller, and its rear end is rotatably mounted on the frame. A fixing groove is formed at the front end of the winding roller, with the winding roller extending from the front end and both sides of the fixing groove. The take-up roller can be driven by a servo motor mounted on the frame.

[0005] In this invention, an mounting roller is rotatably mounted on a frame for mounting lithium battery cores. The core can be mounted onto the mounting roller from its front end, wherein the core can be mounted onto the mounting roller through a gap formed in its middle during the winding process. A guiding device is used to guide the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet passing through it, so that they can be neatly drawn out from the core, preventing the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet from shifting when pulled by the winding device, thereby ensuring that the positive electrode and negative electrode sheet can be neatly wound. The positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet is wound onto the take-up roller. The take-up device is used to take up the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet connected thereon, and completes the take-up of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet. When the take-up device takes up the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet, the end of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet needs to be inserted into the fixed groove on the take-up roller. At this time, as the take-up roller rotates, the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet can be gradually wound onto the take-up roller to complete the take-up of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet.

[0006] The disassembly process of the winding core in this invention is as follows:

[0007] 1. Core Installation: The core is fitted onto the mounting roller, and the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and diaphragm sheet at the ends of the core are separated one by one. The separated positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and diaphragm sheet are then sequentially connected to the corresponding four guide devices according to their original arrangement. The core is then led out from the four guide devices, with the ends of the led-out positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet inserted into the fixing grooves on the corresponding take-up roller for connection. When fitting the core onto the mounting roller, the positive electrode sheet or negative electrode sheet should be located on the far left of the led-out ends to ensure that when the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and diaphragm sheet are connected to the take-up device, the guide device through which the positive electrode sheet and negative electrode sheet pass is either the second or fourth guide device.

[0008] 2. Core Rewinding: The winding device operates, winding the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator sheet in the core onto different winding rollers, completing the disassembly of the lithium battery core. During this process, the positive and negative electrode materials that fall off the positive and negative electrode sheets as they are squeezed by the guiding device will fall into the corresponding receiving cavities.

[0009] Therefore, this invention, during the disassembly of lithium battery cores, allows the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator sheet of the lithium battery to be wound separately on different winding rollers, thus thoroughly separating them during disassembly. Simultaneously, during disassembly, the positive and negative electrode materials falling from the positive and negative electrode sheets can be collected separately by the two receiving cavities. In other words, this invention can perform preliminary separation of the materials within the core during disassembly. Therefore, in the subsequent material crushing process, the positive and negative electrode sheets can be crushed separately, preventing the fragments and materials from mixing together during crushing. This eliminates the need for subsequent separation of the positive and negative electrode fragments and materials, thereby significantly improving the efficiency of the lithium battery positive and negative electrode material recycling process.

[0010] Furthermore, during the disassembly of the core, the presence of the guiding device allows the positive and negative electrode materials on the positive and negative electrode sheets to partially detach into different receiving cavities 31. This enables the early separation of some positive electrode material on the positive electrode sheet and some negative electrode material on the negative electrode sheet, thereby reducing the amount of positive electrode fragments and positive electrode material to be separated subsequently, and also reducing the amount of negative electrode fragments and negative electrode material to be separated subsequently. This, in turn, increases the separation speed of positive and negative electrode fragments and positive and negative electrode materials to a certain extent, and further improves the efficiency of the lithium battery positive and negative electrode material recycling process.

[0011] Furthermore, the winding device also includes a pressing device disposed on the frame, corresponding to the winding roller; the pressing device includes a mounting cylinder fixedly disposed on the frame, the mounting cylinder being disposed along the radial direction of the corresponding winding roller, a pressure rod being inserted into the mounting cylinder, the pressure rod being retractably disposed in the mounting cylinder by means of a spring, and a pressure roller being rotatably disposed at one end of the pressure rod extending out of the mounting cylinder, the pressure roller abutting against the surface of the winding roller.

[0012] In this invention, the clamping device needs to be aligned with the position of the take-up roller for winding the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet. A spring provides pressure to the pressure rod, ensuring that the pressure rod always presses its pressure roller firmly against the surface of the take-up roller, rotating as the take-up roller rotates. Therefore, during the winding process of the take-up roller winding the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet, the pressure roller remains firmly pressed against the wound positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet, ensuring that the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet wound on the take-up roller is always fixed to it. This allows the take-up roller to continue winding up any loose positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet that has fallen off the mounting roller after the core has been unwound, neatly winding it onto the take-up roller. This prevents the last loose section of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet from being unable to be completely wound by the take-up roller, resulting in it being flung around and causing entanglement in the structure of this invention, thus affecting its normal operation.

[0013] Furthermore, the winding device also includes a release device mounted on the frame, corresponding to the winding roller. The release device includes a sleeve fitted onto the corresponding winding roller, with a crossbar at the front end of the sleeve passing through the fixing groove. The winding device also includes a drive device mounted on the frame for driving the sleeve to reciprocate along the winding roller. The drive device can be a servo cylinder.

[0014] In this invention, the release bar device is used to push the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and diaphragm sheet wound on the take-up roller off the take-up roller to achieve automatic unloading. The working process of the release bar device is as follows: after the take-up roller finishes winding, the drive device pushes the sleeve forward until the front end of the sleeve moves beyond the front end of the take-up roller. At this time, the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet wound on the take-up roller will be pushed off to complete the unloading. The crossbar set in the fixed groove is preferably fitted to the inner side wall of the fixed groove and slidably engaged with the inner side wall of the fixed groove to ensure that the crossbar can smoothly push the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet inserted in the fixed groove out of the fixed groove, and to ensure that the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet can be completely pushed off the unwinding roller.

[0015] Furthermore, the diameter of the front end of the sleeve gradually decreases along the forward direction until it is the same as the diameter of the take-up roller.

[0016] In this invention, the diameter of the front end of the sleeve gradually decreases along the forward direction. When the sleeve pushes the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet, the side wall of the sleeve can smoothly lift the pressure roller away from the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet, thus ensuring that the sleeve can smoothly push the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet off the take-up roller. Furthermore, the diameter of the front end of the sleeve gradually decreases along the forward direction. When the sleeve pushes the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet wound on the take-up roller, it will first push the inner part of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet. Therefore, when the sleeve pushes the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet, it can also partially unwrap the winding structure of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet. This facilitates subsequent crushing of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet, reducing the difficulty of crushing them and further improving the efficiency of the lithium battery positive and negative electrode material recycling process.

[0017] Furthermore, the frame is also equipped with a collection box, which includes four collection chambers. The four collection chambers are respectively located below the winding rollers of the corresponding four winding devices.

[0018] In this invention, a collection cavity located below the take-up roller is used to collect positive electrode sheets, negative electrode sheets, or diaphragm sheets pushed off the take-up roller. Preferably, the collection cavities located below the take-up roller of the take-up device corresponding to the second guide device and the collection cavities located below the take-up roller of the take-up device corresponding to the fourth guide device are also located below the openings of the receiving cavities where the second and fourth guide devices are located, so that these two collection cavities can simultaneously collect small amounts of positive and negative electrode materials that fall out of the receiving cavities. More preferably, a filter screen is also provided in these two collection cavities, which divides the two collection cavities into a tape receiving area and a powder receiving area arranged vertically, so as to separate the positive and negative electrode sheets and positive and negative electrode materials that fall into these two collection cavities. The positive and negative electrode sheets that fall onto the filter screen can also vibrate the filter screen, shaking the positive and negative electrode materials adhering to the filter screen into the powder receiving area.

[0019] Furthermore, both the second guiding device and the fourth guiding device include a first pressure roller and a second pressure roller arranged left and right. The first pressure roller and the second pressure roller are arranged parallel to the mounting roller. Both the first pressure roller and the second pressure roller are rotatably mounted on the frame. The surface of the first pressure roller is provided with a spiral ridge, and the surface of the second pressure roller is provided with a groove for accommodating the ridge corresponding to the ridge.

[0020] In this invention, the second and fourth guiding devices guide the negative electrode sheet by pressing it against the positive or negative electrode sheet using the first and second pressure rollers. This prevents the positive or negative electrode sheet from shifting when pulled by the winding device, ensuring that the positive and negative electrode sheets are neatly wound onto the winding rollers. The protrusions and grooves on the first and second pressure rollers further compress the positive and negative electrode sheets as they pass, squeezing out more positive and negative electrode materials. This reduces the amount of positive electrode fragments and materials separated subsequently, as well as the amount of negative electrode fragments and materials separated later. This increases the separation speed of positive and negative electrode fragments and materials, thereby further improving the efficiency of the lithium battery's positive and negative electrode material recycling process.

[0021] Furthermore, the winding roller of the winding device, which is provided corresponding to the opening of the receiving cavity where the second guide device and the fourth guide device are located, is located on the left side of the corresponding opening; the lower end of the left side wall of the receiving cavity opening is inclined to the left, and a scraping step is formed at the upper end of the left side wall of the opening.

[0022] In this invention, the positive or negative electrode sheet passing through the second and fourth guiding devices will leave the receiving cavity through the opening, and the take-up roller located on the left side of the corresponding opening will pull the positive or negative electrode sheet to press it onto the scraping step. Therefore, the positive and negative electrode materials on the positive and negative electrode sheets can be further scraped off, thereby further improving the efficiency of the recycling process of positive and negative electrode materials of lithium batteries.

[0023] Furthermore, a scraper is also provided on the frame corresponding to the opening, and the scraper is located on the left side of the corresponding opening.

[0024] In this invention, the position of the scraper is specifically set according to the position of the corresponding opening and the winding roller, so that the right side of the positive or negative electrode sheet passing through the corresponding opening and winding can abut against the blade of the scraper. This allows the scraping step to scrape off the positive and negative electrode materials on both sides of the positive and negative electrode sheets during the winding process, further separating the positive and negative electrode sheets and materials, thereby further improving the efficiency of the lithium battery positive and negative electrode material recycling process.

[0025] Furthermore, the diameter of the front end of the mounting roller gradually decreases along the forward direction, forming a tapered shape.

[0026] In this invention, the mounting tube that gradually narrows towards the front makes it easier for operators to fit the gap on the lithium battery core onto the mounting roller, thus facilitating the installation of the lithium battery core on the mounting roller.

[0027] In addition, the present invention also provides a disassembly method for the high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism for the above-mentioned lithium battery, which includes the following steps:

[0028] S1. Remove the casing of the lithium battery, take out the core inside the casing, and separate the positive electrode, separator and negative electrode at the end of the core;

[0029] S2. Place the core onto the mounting roller. When placing the core, the positive electrode or negative electrode should be located on the far left among the positive electrode sheet, diaphragm sheet and negative electrode sheet obtained from the separated ends of the core.

[0030] S3, so that the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet and separator drawn from the core pass through the first guide device, the second guide device, the third guide device and the fourth guide device in sequence, and then are connected to the corresponding winding device.

[0031] S4. The winding device operates to wind up the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator drawn from the core.

[0032] The principles and effects of the present invention will be further explained below with reference to the above technical solutions and accompanying drawings:

[0033] In the process of disassembling lithium battery cores, this invention allows the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator sheet of the lithium battery to be wound onto different winding rollers, thereby thoroughly separating them during disassembly. Simultaneously, positive and negative electrode materials falling from the positive and negative electrode sheets during disassembly can be collected separately by two receiving cavities. In other words, this invention can perform preliminary separation of materials within the core during disassembly. Therefore, in the subsequent material crushing process, the positive and negative electrode sheets can be crushed separately, effectively reducing the amount and difficulty of subsequent material separation, and thus greatly improving the efficiency of the lithium battery positive and negative electrode material recycling process. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism for lithium batteries described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of the image;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rod release device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the first pressure roller in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second pressure roller in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the clamping device described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0041] 1-Installation roller, 21-First guide device, 22-Third guide device, 231-First pressure roller, 2311-Protrusion strip, 232-Second pressure roller, 2322-Groove, 3-Transfer storage box, 31-Accommodation cavity, 32-Opening, 321-Scraping step, 4-Rewinding roller, 41-Fixing groove, 51-Installation cylinder, 52-Pressure rod, 53-Pressure roller, 54-Spring, 61-Sleeve, 62-Crossbar, 63-Servo cylinder, 7-Collection box, 71-Collection cavity, 72-Filter screen. Detailed Implementation

[0042] To facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0043] like Figure 1-6 A high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism and method for lithium batteries are disclosed. The mechanism includes a frame (not shown in the figures), on which mounting rollers 1 are arranged along a front-to-back direction. The mounting rollers 1 are rod-shaped, and their rear ends are rotatably mounted on the frame. The frame also has four guiding devices located below the mounting rollers 1, arranged sequentially from right to left: a first guiding device 21, a second guiding device, a third guiding device 22, and a fourth guiding device. A transfer storage box 3 is also provided on the frame corresponding to the four guiding devices. The storage box 3 includes two receiving cavities 31, with the second and fourth guiding devices located within each cavity 31. Each cavity 31 has an elongated opening 32 at its bottom. Four winding devices are also mounted on the frame corresponding to the four guiding devices. Each winding device includes a cylindrical winding roller 4 mounted on the frame. The winding roller 4 is parallel to the mounting roller 1, and its rear end is rotatably mounted on the frame. A fixing groove 41 is formed at the front end of the winding roller 4, extending from the front end and both sides of the fixing groove 41. The winding roller 4 can be driven by a servo motor mounted on the frame.

[0044] In this invention, the mounting roller 1 is rotatably mounted on the frame for mounting lithium battery cores. The core can be mounted onto the mounting roller 1 from its front end. The core can be mounted onto the mounting roller 1 through a gap formed in its middle during the winding process. The guiding device guides the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet passing through it, ensuring they are neatly drawn out from the core and preventing them from shifting when pulled by the winding device. This ensures that the positive and negative electrode sheets are neatly wound up. On the take-up roller 4; the take-up device is used to take up the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet or separator sheet connected thereon, and to complete the take-up of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet or separator sheet. When the take-up device takes up the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet or separator sheet, the end of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet or separator sheet needs to be inserted into the fixed groove 41 on the take-up roller 4. At this time, as the take-up roller 4 rotates, the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet or separator sheet can be gradually wound on the take-up roller 4 to complete the take-up of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet or separator sheet.

[0045] The disassembly process of the winding core in this invention is as follows:

[0046] 1. Core Installation: The core is fitted onto the mounting roller 1, and the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and diaphragm sheet at the ends of the core are separated one by one. The separated positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and diaphragm sheet are then sequentially connected to the corresponding four guide devices according to their original arrangement. The core is then led out from the four guide devices, with the ends of the led-out positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet inserted into the fixing groove 41 on the corresponding take-up roller 4 to connect them to the corresponding take-up roller 4. When fitting the core onto the mounting roller 1, the positive electrode sheet or negative electrode sheet should be located on the far left among the ends of the core, ensuring that when the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and diaphragm sheet are connected to the take-up device, the guide device through which the positive electrode sheet and negative electrode sheet pass is the second or fourth guide device.

[0047] 2. Core Rewinding: The winding device operates, winding the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator sheet in the core onto different winding rollers 4, completing the disassembly of the lithium battery core. During this process, when the positive and negative electrode sheets are squeezed by the guiding device, the positive and negative electrode materials that fall off the positive and negative electrode sheets will fall into the corresponding receiving cavities 31.

[0048] Therefore, in the process of disassembling lithium battery cores, the present invention can separately wind the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator sheet onto different winding rollers 4, thereby thoroughly separating the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator sheet during the disassembly process. Simultaneously, during the disassembly process, the positive and negative electrode materials falling from the positive and negative electrode sheets can be collected separately by the two receiving cavities 31. That is, the present invention can perform preliminary separation of the materials in the core during the disassembly process. Therefore, in the subsequent material crushing process, the present invention can crush the positive and negative electrode sheets separately, thereby avoiding the mixing of positive and negative electrode fragments and materials during crushing, eliminating the need for subsequent separation operations for positive and negative electrode fragments and materials, and thus greatly improving the efficiency of the lithium battery positive and negative electrode material recycling process.

[0049] Furthermore, during the disassembly of the core, the presence of the guiding device allows the positive and negative electrode materials on the positive and negative electrode sheets to partially detach into different receiving cavities 31. This enables the early separation of some positive electrode material on the positive electrode sheet and some negative electrode material on the negative electrode sheet, thereby reducing the amount of positive electrode fragments and positive electrode material to be separated subsequently, and also reducing the amount of negative electrode fragments and negative electrode material to be separated subsequently. This, in turn, increases the separation speed of positive and negative electrode fragments and positive and negative electrode materials to a certain extent, and further improves the efficiency of the lithium battery positive and negative electrode material recycling process.

[0050] In one embodiment, the winding device further includes a pressing device disposed on the frame, corresponding to the winding roller 4; the pressing device includes a mounting cylinder 51 fixedly disposed on the frame, the mounting cylinder 51 being disposed along the radial direction of the corresponding winding roller 4, a pressure rod 52 being inserted into the mounting cylinder 51, the pressure rod 52 being retractably disposed within the mounting cylinder 51 by means of a spring 54, and a pressure roller 53 being rotatably disposed at one end of the pressure rod 52 extending out of the mounting cylinder 51, the pressure roller 53 abutting against the surface of the winding roller 4.

[0051] In this embodiment, the clamping device needs to be aligned with the position of the take-up roller 4 for taking up the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet or diaphragm sheet. The spring 54 is used to provide pressure to the pressure rod 52 so that the pressure rod 52 can always press the pressure roller 53 on it against the surface of the take-up roller 4 and rotate as the take-up roller 4 rotates. Therefore, during the winding process of the take-up roller 4 winding the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet, the pressure roller 53 can always press firmly on the wound positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet, so that the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet wound on the take-up roller 4 can always be fixed on the take-up roller 4. Thus, after the core is unwound, the take-up roller 4 can continue to wind up the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet that has fallen off the mounting roller 1, and neatly wind it onto the take-up roller 4. This avoids the phenomenon that the last section of the fallen positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet cannot be completely wound up by the take-up roller 4, and is therefore thrown by the take-up roller 4, causing entanglement in the structure of the present invention and affecting the normal operation of the present invention.

[0052] In one embodiment, the winding device further includes a release device mounted on the frame, corresponding to the winding roller 4. The release device includes a sleeve 61 sleeved on the corresponding winding roller 4, with a crossbar 62 at the front end of the sleeve 61 passing through the fixing groove 41. The winding device also includes a drive device mounted on the frame for driving the sleeve 61 to reciprocate along the winding roller 4. The drive device can be a servo cylinder 63.

[0053] In this embodiment, the release bar device is used to push the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and diaphragm sheet wound on the take-up roller 4 off the take-up roller 4 to achieve the function of automatic unloading. The working process of the release bar device is as follows: after the take-up roller 4 finishes winding, the drive device pushes the sleeve 61 forward until the front end of the sleeve 61 moves beyond the front end of the take-up roller 4. At this time, the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet wound on the take-up roller 4 will be pushed off to complete the unloading. The crossbar 62 set in the fixed groove 41 is preferably attached to the inner side wall of the fixed groove 41 and is slidably matched with the inner side wall of the fixed groove 41 to ensure that the crossbar 62 can smoothly push the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet inserted in the fixed groove 41 out of the fixed groove 41, so as to ensure that the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet can be completely pushed off the unwinding roller.

[0054] In one embodiment, the diameter of the front end of the sleeve 61 gradually decreases along the forward direction until it is the same as the diameter of the take-up roller 4.

[0055] In this embodiment, the diameter of the front end of the sleeve 61 gradually decreases along the forward direction. When the sleeve 61 pushes the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet or diaphragm sheet, the side wall of the sleeve 61 can smoothly lift the pressure roller 53 away from the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet or diaphragm sheet, thereby ensuring that the sleeve 61 can smoothly push the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet or diaphragm sheet off the take-up roller 4. In addition, the diameter of the front end of the sleeve 61 gradually decreases along the forward direction. When the sleeve 61 pushes the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet wound on the take-up roller 4, it will first push the inner part of the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet. Therefore, when the sleeve 61 pushes the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet, it can also partially unwind the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet. This makes it easier to crush the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet later, reducing the difficulty of crushing the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or separator sheet, thereby further improving the efficiency of the recycling process of positive and negative electrode materials of lithium batteries.

[0056] In one embodiment, the frame is further provided with a collection box 7, which includes four collection chambers 71. The four collection chambers 71 are respectively located below the winding rollers 4 of the corresponding four winding devices.

[0057] In this embodiment, the collection cavity 71 located below the take-up roller 4 is used to collect the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, or diaphragm sheet pushed off the take-up roller 4. Preferably, the collection cavity 71 located below the take-up roller 4 of the take-up device corresponding to the second guide device and the collection cavity 71 located below the take-up roller 4 of the take-up device corresponding to the fourth guide device are also located below the openings 32 of the receiving cavities 31 where the second and fourth guide devices are located, so that these two collection cavities 71 can also collect a small amount of positive electrode material and negative electrode material that falls out of the receiving cavity 31. More preferably, a filter screen 72 is also provided in these two collection cavities 71. The filter screen 72 divides the two collection cavities 71 into a tape receiving area and a powder receiving area arranged vertically, so as to separate the positive and negative electrode sheets and positive and negative electrode materials that fall into these two collection cavities 71. The positive and negative electrode sheets that fall on the filter screen 72 can also vibrate the filter screen 72, shaking the positive and negative electrode materials adhering to the filter screen 72 into the powder receiving area.

[0058] In one embodiment, both the second guiding device and the fourth guiding device include a first pressure roller 231 and a second pressure roller 232 arranged left and right. The first pressure roller 231 and the second pressure roller 232 are arranged parallel to the mounting roller 1. The first pressure roller 231 and the second pressure roller 232 are rotatably mounted on the frame. The surface of the first pressure roller 231 is provided with a spiral protrusion 2311, and the surface of the second pressure roller 232 is provided with a groove 2322 for accommodating the protrusion 2311 corresponding to the protrusion 2311.

[0059] In this embodiment, the second and fourth guiding devices guide the negative electrode sheet by pressing the positive electrode or negative electrode sheet with the first pressure roller 231 and the second pressure roller 232, preventing the positive electrode or negative electrode sheet from shifting when pulled by the winding device, thereby ensuring that the positive electrode and negative electrode sheet can be neatly wound on the winding roller 4. The protrusions 2311 and grooves 2322 provided on the first pressure roller 231 and the second pressure roller 232 can further compress the positive and negative electrode sheets as they pass through the first pressure roller 231 and the second pressure roller 232, thereby squeezing more positive and negative electrode materials off the positive and negative electrode sheets and reducing the amount of positive and negative electrode materials on the positive and negative electrode sheet fragments. This can further reduce the amount of positive electrode sheet fragments and positive electrode materials separated in the subsequent process, as well as the amount of negative electrode sheet fragments and negative electrode materials separated in the subsequent process. This can increase the separation speed of positive and negative electrode sheet fragments and positive and negative electrode materials to a certain extent, and further improve the efficiency of the positive and negative electrode material recycling process of lithium batteries.

[0060] In one embodiment, the winding roller 4 of the winding device, which is provided with respect to the opening 32 of the receiving cavity 31 where the second guide device and the fourth guide device are located, is located on the left side of the corresponding opening 32; the lower end of the left side wall of the receiving cavity 31 opening 32 is inclined to the left, and a scraping step 321 is formed at the upper end of the left side wall of the opening 32.

[0061] In this embodiment, the positive or negative electrode sheet that has passed through the second and fourth guiding devices will leave the receiving cavity 31 through the opening 32, and the take-up roller 4 located on the left side of the corresponding opening 32 will pull the positive or negative electrode sheet to press it onto the scraping step 321. Therefore, the positive and negative electrode materials on the positive and negative electrode sheets can be further scraped off, thereby further improving the efficiency of the recycling process of the positive and negative electrode materials of the lithium battery.

[0062] In one embodiment, a scraper is also provided on the frame corresponding to the opening 32, and the scraper is located on the left side of the corresponding opening 32.

[0063] In this embodiment, the position of the scraper is specifically set according to the position of the corresponding opening 32 and the winding roller 4, so that the right side of the positive or negative electrode sheet passing through the corresponding opening 32 and being wound can abut against the blade of the scraper. Thus, during the winding process of the positive and negative electrode sheets, the scraping step 321 can assist in scraping the positive and negative electrode materials on both sides of the positive and negative electrode sheets, further separating the positive and negative electrode sheets and the positive and negative electrode materials, thereby further improving the efficiency of the recycling process of the positive and negative electrode materials of the lithium battery.

[0064] In one embodiment, the diameter of the front end of the mounting roller 1 gradually decreases along the forward direction, forming a contracted shape.

[0065] In this embodiment, the mounting tube that gradually narrows towards the front makes it easy for the operator to fit the gap on the lithium battery core onto the mounting roller 1, so as to facilitate the installation of the lithium battery core on the mounting roller 1.

[0066] In one embodiment, the present invention also provides a disassembly method for the high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism of the above-mentioned lithium battery, which includes the following steps:

[0067] S1. Remove the casing of the lithium battery, take out the core inside the casing, and separate the positive electrode, separator and negative electrode at the end of the core;

[0068] S2. Place the core onto the mounting roller 1. When placing the core, the positive electrode sheet or negative electrode sheet should be located on the far left among the positive electrode sheet, diaphragm sheet and negative electrode sheet obtained from the separated ends of the core.

[0069] S3, so that the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet and separator drawn from the core pass through the first guide device 21, the second guide device, the third guide device 22 and the fourth guide device in sequence, and then are connected to the corresponding winding device.

[0070] S4. The winding device operates to wind up the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator drawn from the core.

[0071] The above embodiments merely illustrate several implementation methods of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism for lithium batteries, characterized in that, The device includes a frame, on which mounting rollers are arranged along the front-to-back direction. The mounting rollers are rod-shaped, with their rear ends rotatably mounted on the frame. The frame also includes four guiding devices located below the mounting rollers and arranged sequentially from right to left: a first guiding device, a second guiding device, a third guiding device, and a fourth guiding device. A transfer storage box is also provided on the frame corresponding to the four guiding devices. The transfer storage box includes two accommodating cavities, with the second and fourth guiding devices located within each cavity. The bottom of each cavity has an elongated opening. The frame also includes four winding devices corresponding to the four guiding devices. Each winding device includes a rod-shaped winding roller mounted on the frame, parallel to the mounting rollers, with its rear end rotatably mounted on the frame. A fixing groove is formed at the front end of the winding roller, extending from the front end and both sides of the fixing groove. Both the second guiding device and the fourth guiding device include a first pressure roller and a second pressure roller arranged on the left and right sides. The first pressure roller and the second pressure roller are arranged parallel to the mounting roller. Both the first pressure roller and the second pressure roller are rotatably mounted on the frame. The surface of the first pressure roller is provided with a spiral convex strip, and the surface of the second pressure roller is provided with a groove for accommodating the convex strip. The winding roller of the winding device, which is provided with respect to the opening of the receiving cavity where the second and fourth guiding devices are located, is located on the left side of the corresponding opening; the lower end of the left side wall of the receiving cavity opening is inclined to the left, and a scraping step is formed at the upper end of the left side wall of the opening.

2. The high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The winding device further includes a pressing device disposed on the frame and corresponding to the winding roller; the pressing device includes a mounting cylinder fixedly disposed on the frame, the mounting cylinder being disposed along the radial direction of the corresponding winding roller, a pressure rod being inserted into the mounting cylinder, the pressure rod being retractably disposed in the mounting cylinder by means of a spring, and a pressure roller being rotatably disposed at one end of the pressure rod extending out of the mounting cylinder, the pressure roller abutting against the surface of the winding roller.

3. A high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism for lithium batteries according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The winding device further includes a release device disposed on the frame and corresponding to the winding roller. The release device includes a sleeve sleeved on the corresponding winding roller, and a crossbar is provided at the front end of the sleeve. The crossbar passes through the fixing groove. The winding device also includes a drive device disposed on the frame for driving the sleeve to reciprocate along the winding roller.

4. The high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism for lithium batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that, The outer diameter of the front end of the sleeve gradually decreases in the forward direction until it is the same as the diameter of the take-up roller.

5. The high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism for lithium batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that, The frame is also equipped with a collection box, which includes four collection chambers. The four collection chambers are respectively located below the winding rollers of the corresponding four winding devices.

6. The high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, A scraper is also provided on the frame corresponding to the opening, and the scraper is located on the left side of the corresponding opening.

7. The high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism for lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the front end of the mounting roller gradually decreases along the forward direction, forming a tapered shape.

8. A disassembly method for a high-efficiency positive and negative electrode disassembly mechanism for lithium batteries as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Remove the casing of the lithium battery, take out the core inside the casing, and separate the positive electrode, separator and negative electrode at the end of the core; S2. Place the core onto the mounting roller. When placing the core, the positive electrode or negative electrode should be located on the far left among the positive electrode sheet, diaphragm sheet and negative electrode sheet obtained from the separated ends of the core. S3, so that the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet and separator drawn from the core pass through the first guide device, the second guide device, the third guide device and the fourth guide device in sequence, and then are connected to the corresponding winding device. S4. The winding device operates to wind up the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet, and separator drawn from the core.

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