Welding fixture for special-shaped components and welding method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a welding fixture for special-shaped components and a welding method thereof, relating to the technical field of welding fixtures for special-shaped components, comprising an upper clamping body, a lower clamping body and a centering mechanism, wherein the upper clamping body is provided with a clamping part for clamping the special-shaped flange and a lifting part for driving the clamping part to lift and lower; the lower clamping body is slidingly arranged at both axial ends of a thin-walled shell, and the centering mechanism drives the lower clamping body to synchronously move along the axial direction of the thin-walled shell; the lower clamping body is provided with a floating centering mechanism for clamping and adjusting the thin-walled shell in the horizontal and vertical directions; in the present invention, the upper clamping body and the lower clamping body are respectively provided to clamp the special-shaped flange and the thin-walled shell, so that the relative position relationship between the positioning and adjustment references can be realized; and in the present invention, the thin-walled shell is clamped by arranging a floating centering mechanism, so that the thin-walled shell component can be adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom, which is convenient for realizing the reference positioning of the thin-walled shell relative to the lower clamping body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of welding fixtures for special-shaped components, in particular to a welding fixture for special-shaped components and a welding method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In modern industrial production, welding technology plays an increasingly important role in material connection. Among the methods for locating welding positions, welding fixtures are generally used. The use of welding fixtures in welding production can play a variety of roles: on the one hand, the use of welding fixtures can ensure that the form and position tolerances and relative position tolerances of parts before and after welding are within a reasonable range, thereby ensuring the final assembly accuracy of parts; on the other hand, the use of welding fixtures can more conveniently locate and adjust the actual area to be welded, and can control the residual stress and deformation caused by welding through positioning and locking devices, thereby ensuring the purpose of welding quality.

[0003] However, welding fixtures currently used in industrial production are primarily used for centering regular welded components and planar welding trajectories, with the primary adjustment method being unidirectional or bidirectional linear adjustment via threaded drive. For centering irregular components and spatial welding trajectories, the current conventional solution is to use welding fixtures with X, Y, and Z axis adjustments to adapt and center irregular components. For determining the datum, the current method generally uses the tightly fitting area between the welding fixture and the component, or a fixed area (such as a platform), as the positioning datum.

[0004] However, the traditional method has the following disadvantages in the welding process of special-shaped components:

[0005] (1) Alignment method between special-shaped components: Because the joints between special-shaped components are spatial curves, it is difficult to align them using unidirectional or bidirectional linear adjustment methods. Therefore, the commonly used method is to give the welding fixture three degrees of freedom in the X, Y, and Z directions, so that the components can move in the X, Y, and Z directions and have the ability to adjust the spatial position. Obviously, the spatial curve structure is complex. Adjustment through movement in the X, Y, and Z directions alone is, on the one hand, extremely slow and requires a high level of skill. On the other hand, if the welding parts between the special-shaped components do not have planar or spatial symmetry, it is almost impossible to complete the alignment through movement in the X, Y, and Z directions alone.

[0006] (2) Establishment of datum: Because there is a close fit between the special-shaped component and the fixture, the fitting area between the component and the fixture is used as the datum. Obviously, the above method of establishing datum is suitable for regular welded components and planar welding trajectories, but it is extremely inapplicable to special-shaped components because the connection parts between special-shaped components are complex in shape and cannot be aligned through unidirectional or bidirectional adjustment. The above method of establishing datum ignores the datum of the relative spatial position between the special-shaped components. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a welding fixture for special-shaped components and a welding method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art and design a split welding fixture that can realize multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment, which is conducive to the centering adjustment of the welding parts between special-shaped components and realizes the relative position relationship between the positioning adjustment references.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following solutions: The present invention provides a welding fixture for special-shaped components, comprising a frame, wherein the frame is provided with an upper clamping body, a lower clamping body and a centering mechanism, the upper clamping body is provided with a clamping part for clamping the special-shaped flange and a lifting part for driving the clamping part to rise and fall; the lower clamping body is slidingly arranged at both axial ends of the thin-walled shell, the output end of the centering mechanism is connected to the two lower clamping bodies, and drives the lower clamping bodies to move synchronously along the axial direction of the thin-walled shell; the lower clamping body is provided with a floating centering mechanism for clamping and adjusting the horizontal and vertical directions of the thin-walled shell, and the floating centering mechanism also has a rotating drive part for driving the thin-walled shell to rotate around its axis; the frame is also provided with a first detector for detecting the axial eccentricity of the thin-walled shell and a second detector for detecting the alignment of the thin-walled shell and the special-shaped flange in the axial direction of the detection shell.

[0009] Preferably, the clamping part includes a clamping body and two positioning holes and a positioning pin provided on the clamping body, the two positioning holes correspond to the positions of the pin holes on the special-shaped flange, and the positioning pin passes through the pin holes and is fixed in the positioning holes; the clamping body is also provided with a clamp for clamping the special-shaped flange after positioning.

[0010] Preferably, the centering mechanism includes a centering motor and a lead screw. The centering motor is arranged at the bottom of the thin-walled shell, and its output end is connected to two lead screws arranged axially along the thin-walled shell, and the two lead screws are both connected to the lower clamping body through threads.

[0011] Preferably, the centering mechanism further comprises a slide rail arranged along the axial direction of the thin-walled shell, and the lower clamp body is slidably arranged on the slide rail.

[0012] Preferably, the first detector includes a plurality of dial indicators, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the central axis surface in the axial direction of the thin-walled shell.

[0013] Preferably, the second detector includes CCD cameras arranged on both axial sides of the thin-walled shell.

[0014] The present invention also discloses a welding method for a special-shaped component, comprising the following steps:

[0015] 1) Use the positioning pins and clamps to fix the special-shaped flange on the upper clamp body;

[0016] 2) The centering motor moves, driving the two lower clamps to move relative to each other on the slide rails, and the floating centering mechanism on the lower clamp clamps the thin-walled shell;

[0017] 3) The driving unit drives the thin-walled shell to rotate for a set number of cycles, and the maximum radial runout reading of the dial indicator is observed. If it is within the specified range, it means that the thin-walled shell meets the axis alignment requirements. If it is outside the specified range, the eccentricity adjustment is performed through the floating centering mechanism at one end of the thin-walled shell.

[0018] 4) After the thin-walled shell is aligned, the lifting unit drives the special-shaped flange down to the set height, and a second detector is used to observe whether the special-shaped flange and the thin-walled shell are aligned in the axial direction; if not, the floating centering mechanism is used to adjust;

[0019] 5) Welding of special-shaped flanges and thin-walled shells.

[0020] Preferably, before step 1), the theoretical matching positions of the special-shaped flange and the thin-walled shell are engraved and marked, and in step 4), a CCD camera is used to observe whether the engraved marks on the special-shaped flange and the thin-walled shell overlap.

[0021] Preferably, after the marking, the special-shaped flange and the surface of the thin-walled shell are cleaned with acetone, and the surface moisture is removed by wiping with alcohol, and finally dried.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

[0023] In the present invention, an upper clamping body and a lower clamping body are provided to clamp the special-shaped flange and the thin-walled shell respectively, so that positioning references can be formed between the special-shaped flange, the thin-walled shell and the upper clamping body and the lower clamping body respectively, and the relative position relationship between the positioning adjustment references can be realized; and, in the present invention, a floating centering mechanism is provided to clamp the thin-walled shell, so that the thin-walled shell component can be adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom, which facilitates the realization of the reference positioning of the thin-walled shell relative to the lower clamping body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the welding fixture in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a side view of the welding fixture of the present invention;

[0027] Among them, 1. Upper clamping body; 2. Lower clamping body; 3. Clamp; 4. Floating centering mechanism; 5. Rotating knob; 6. Screw; 7. Special-shaped flange; 8. Thin-walled shell; 9. Adjustment block; 10. Adjustment handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a welding fixture for special-shaped components and a welding method thereof, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art and design a split welding fixture that can realize multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment, which is conducive to the centering adjustment of the welding parts between special-shaped components and realizes the relative position relationship between the positioning adjustment references.

[0030] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Example 1:

[0032] This embodiment provides a welding fixture for special-shaped components, including a frame, on which an upper clamping body 1, a lower clamping body 2 and a centering mechanism are provided. The upper clamping body 1 is provided with a clamping part for clamping the special-shaped flange 7 and a lifting part for driving the clamping part to rise and fall; the lower clamping body 2 is slidably arranged at both axial ends of the thin-walled shell 8, and the output end of the centering mechanism is connected to the two lower clamping bodies 2, and drives the lower clamping bodies 2 to move synchronously along the axial direction of the thin-walled shell 8; the lower clamping body 2 is provided with a floating centering mechanism 4 for clamping and adjusting the thin-walled shell 8 in the horizontal and vertical directions, and the floating centering mechanism 4 also has a rotating drive part for driving the thin-walled shell 8 to rotate around its axis; the frame is also provided with a first detector for detecting the axial eccentricity of the thin-walled shell 8 and a second detector for detecting the alignment of the thin-walled shell 8 and the special-shaped flange 7 in the axial direction of the detection shell.

[0033] During welding, the special-shaped flange 7 is first fixed by the clamping part, and the centering mechanism drives the two lower clamping bodies 2 to move relative to each other, and the floating centering mechanism 4 on the lower clamping body 2 is used to clamp the thin-walled shell 8. Then, the rotation driving part drives the thin-walled shell 8 to rotate around its axis, and the eccentricity of the thin-walled shell 8 is detected by the first detector. If the test result is not within the required range, the eccentricity of the thin-walled shell 8 is adjusted by the floating centering mechanism 4 until it meets the eccentricity requirement; then the lifting part is actuated to drive the clamping part and the special-shaped flange 7 on the clamping part to move downward to the required height, and then the second detector is used to detect whether the special-shaped flange 7 and the thin-walled shell 8 are aligned. If they are not aligned, the floating centering mechanism 4 is continued to be adjusted; finally, the special-shaped flange 7 and the thin-walled shell 8 are welded.

[0034] Therefore, in this embodiment, by setting the upper clamping body 1 and the lower clamping body 2 to clamp the special-shaped flange 7 and the thin-walled shell 8 respectively, a positioning reference can be formed between the special-shaped flange 7, the thin-walled shell 8 and the upper clamping body 1 and the lower clamping body 2 respectively, and the relative position relationship between the positioning adjustment references can be realized; and, in this embodiment, by setting the floating centering mechanism 4 to clamp the thin-walled shell 8, the thin-walled shell 8 component can be adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom, which is convenient for realizing the reference positioning between the thin-walled shell 8 relative to the lower clamping body 2.

[0035] The floating centering mechanism 4 can adopt an existing device, specifically, it can include an adjustment block 9 and an adjustment handle 10. By rotating or bending the adjustment handle 10, the adjustment block 9 on one side or both sides can be driven to move up and down, left and right, thereby driving the thin-walled shell 8 to perform fine-tuning in the corresponding direction.

[0036] Furthermore, the clamping portion of this embodiment includes a clamping body, two positioning holes and a positioning pin defined therein. The two positioning holes correspond to the pin holes in the special-shaped flange 7, and the positioning pins pass through the pin holes and are secured therein. The clamping body is also provided with a clamp 3 for clamping the special-shaped flange 7 after it has been positioned. The positioning holes and the positioning pins must be manufactured and fitted with high precision to ensure the precise positioning of the special-shaped flange 7 after it is secured to the upper clamping body 1. Furthermore, the clamping body can be provided with a plurality of positioning holes of varying diameters and positions. These positioning holes of varying diameters and positions can be adapted to the pin holes of different special-shaped flanges 7, thereby enhancing the adaptability of the welding device of this embodiment to special-shaped flanges 7 of varying sizes.

[0037] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the centering mechanism includes a rotating knob 5, a screw 6 and a slide rail. The centering mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the thin-walled shell 8, and its output end is connected to two screws 6 arranged axially along the thin-walled shell 8, and the two screws 6 are both connected to the lower clamping body 2 through threads. The lower clamping body 2 is slidably set on the slide rail, and the screw 6 can be driven to rotate by rotating the knob 5, thereby driving.

[0038] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the first detector includes a plurality of dial indicators, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the central axis surface in the axial direction of the thin-walled shell 8.

[0039] Furthermore, the welding fixture also includes a second detector for detecting whether the thin-walled shell 8 and the special-shaped flange 7 are aligned in the axial direction of the shell; specifically, the second detector is a CCD camera arranged on both axial sides of the thin-walled shell 8.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] This embodiment discloses a welding method for a special-shaped component, comprising the following steps:

[0042] 1) First, mark the theoretical tight fit position of the special-shaped flange 7 and the thin-walled shell 8. The marking method is as follows: two 1.5mm long lines are engraved at corresponding positions on the outer surface of the special-shaped flange 7. The two engraved lines are symmetrical with respect to the center plane of the special-shaped flange 7. This center plane is coplanar with the center plane of the thin-walled shell 8 in the axial direction after theoretical welding. Similarly, a line is engraved along the circumference of the center plane of the thin-walled shell 8 in the axial direction. However, it must be ensured that when the flange is in close contact with the thin-walled shell 8, the length of the thin-walled shell 8 line exceeds the contact position of the special-shaped flange 7 and the thin-walled shell 8 by 1.5mm.

[0043] 2) After marking, clean the surfaces of the special-shaped flange 7 and the thin-walled shell 8 with acetone, wipe them with alcohol to remove surface moisture, and dry them in an air dryer;

[0044] 3) Use the positioning pin and clamp 3 to fix the special-shaped flange 7 to the upper clamp body 1;

[0045] 4) The centering motor 5 is activated to drive the two lower clamp bodies 2 to move relative to each other on the slide rails, and the floating centering mechanism 4 on the lower clamp body 2 clamps the thin-walled shell 8;

[0046] 5) The driving unit drives the thin-walled housing 8 to rotate 2 circles, and the maximum radial runout reading of the dial indicator is observed. If it is within the range of ±0.05mm, it indicates that the thin-walled housing 8 meets the axis alignment requirements. If it is outside the range of ±0.05mm, the floating centering mechanism 4 at one end of the thin-walled housing 8 is used for eccentric adjustment.

[0047] 6) After the thin-walled shell 8 is aligned, the lifting unit drives the special-shaped flange 7 down to the set height, and uses a CCD camera to observe whether the special-shaped flange 7 and the engraved marks on the thin-walled shell 8 coincide with each other; if not, adjust the floating centering mechanism 4 at both ends of the thin-walled shell 8;

[0048] 7) The special-shaped flange 7 and the thin-walled shell 8 are welded by laser spot welding. The laser is a fiber laser and the laser pulse spot welding process is as follows: the average laser pulse power is 800W, the pulse width is 50-100ms, and the pulse number is 1.

[0049] Adaptive changes based on actual needs are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0050] It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as illustrative and non-restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, not the foregoing description, and it is intended that all variations within the meaning and range of equivalents of the claims be encompassed within the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claim to which they relate.

Claims

1. A welding fixture for special-shaped components, characterized in that: The cam is provided with a plurality of movable parts, and the movable parts are provided with a plurality of movable parts, and the movable parts are provided with a plurality of movable parts. The clamping part includes a clamping body and two positioning holes and a positioning pin opened on the clamping body. The two positioning holes correspond to the pin holes on the special-shaped flange, and the positioning pin passes through the pin holes and is fixed in the positioning holes. The clamping body is also provided with a clamp for clamping the special-shaped flange after positioning.

2. The welding fixture for special-shaped components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The centering mechanism includes a centering motor and a lead screw. The centering motor is arranged at the bottom of the thin-walled shell, and its output end is connected to two lead screws arranged axially along the thin-walled shell, and the two lead screws are both connected to the lower clamping body through threads.

3. The welding fixture for special-shaped components according to claim 2, characterized in that: The centering mechanism further comprises a slide rail arranged along the axial direction of the thin-walled shell, and the lower clamp body is slidably arranged on the slide rail.

4. The welding fixture for special-shaped components according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first detector includes a plurality of dial indicators, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the central axis surface in the axial direction of the thin-walled shell.

5. The welding fixture for special-shaped components according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second detector includes CCD cameras arranged on both axial sides of the thin-walled shell.

6. A welding method for a special-shaped component, based on the welding fixture for a special-shaped component according to claim 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Use the positioning pins and clamps to fix the special-shaped flange on the upper clamp body; 2) The centering motor moves, driving the two lower clamps to move relative to each other on the slide rails, and the floating centering mechanism on the lower clamp clamps the thin-walled shell; 3) The driving unit drives the thin-walled shell to rotate for a set number of cycles, and the maximum radial runout reading of the dial indicator is observed. If it is within the specified range, it means that the thin-walled shell meets the axis alignment requirements. If it is outside the specified range, the eccentricity adjustment is performed through the floating centering mechanism at one end of the thin-walled shell. 4) After the thin-walled shell is aligned, the lifting unit drives the special-shaped flange down to the set height, and a second detector is used to observe whether the special-shaped flange and the thin-walled shell are aligned in the axial direction; if not, the floating centering mechanism is used to adjust; 5) Welding of special-shaped flanges and thin-walled shells.

7. The welding method of special-shaped components according to claim 6, characterized in that: Before step 1), the theoretical matching position of the special-shaped flange and the thin-walled shell is engraved and marked. In step 4), a CCD camera is used to observe whether the engraved marks on the special-shaped flange and the thin-walled shell overlap.

8. The welding method of special-shaped components according to claim 7, characterized in that: After marking, use acetone to clean the special-shaped flange and thin-walled shell surface, wipe with alcohol to remove surface moisture, and finally dry.

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