Power battery hibernation balancing system, method and vehicle

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of power battery hibernation equalization system, method, vehicle and storage medium, belong to power battery technical field, battery management system and cell management unit, the battery management system includes respectively with battery management control terminal electric connection data storage module, battery management SPI communication module and hibernation wake-up module, the cell management unit includes respectively with cell management control terminal electric connection reverse wake-up module, cell management SPI communication module, monomer voltage detection module and equalization circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module.This patent controls to be equalized monomer, to be equalized time, equalization opening duty cycle, realizes the purpose that equalization efficiency is optimal in hibernation equalization process, battery system is safe and reliable, whole car low-voltage battery energy consumption is minimum.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention discloses a power battery dormancy equalization system, method, vehicle and storage medium, and belongs to the technical field of power batteries. Background Art

[0002] To alleviate the range anxiety of pure electric vehicles, the density and capacity of power lithium-ion batteries are being designed to increase. Given the same self-discharge differences, the battery pack capacity to be balanced is also increasing dramatically. Battery balancing methods can be divided into active balancing and passive balancing based on the energy transfer method. Passive balancing uses resistors to dissipate the energy of cells with higher residual charge, while active balancing transfers energy from cells with higher residual charge to cells with lower residual charge.

[0003] Due to the poor reliability of active balancing, high cost and the high factory consistency of current battery cell products, most electric vehicles currently use a passive balancing system, which dissipates the excess capacity of high-capacity battery cells through balancing resistors in the form of heat energy. This system only works when the battery pack is working, and no longer meets the consistency balancing requirements of large-capacity battery packs. Therefore, it is necessary to make full use of the time when the vehicle is stationary to balance the capacity. The main problems to be solved are the following problems when only the battery cell management unit performs dormant balancing during the vehicle's stationary state: (1) During the dormant balancing process, the balancing circuit temperature, module temperature and single cell voltage are not monitored, which may lead to risks such as overheating of the balancing circuit, battery undervoltage and even thermal runaway. (2) In order to pursue balancing efficiency and ensure the safety of the dormant balancing process, during the dormant balancing process, the battery cell management unit needs to frequently reversely wake up the battery management system or the battery management system needs to continuously wake up at low power consumption, which will consume a lot of low-voltage power of the entire vehicle and may cause low-voltage battery feeding. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention proposes a power battery dormant balancing system, method and vehicle. By controlling the cells to be balanced, the time to be balanced, and the duty cycle of the balancing start, the system achieves the goal of optimizing the balancing efficiency during the dormant balancing process, ensuring a safe and reliable battery system, and minimizing the energy consumption of the vehicle's low-voltage batteries.

[0005] The technical solutions of the present invention are as follows:

[0006] According to a first aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a power battery dormancy balancing system is provided, comprising: a battery management system and a cell management unit, wherein the battery management system comprises a data storage module, a battery management SPI communication module, and a dormancy wake-up module, each electrically connected to a battery management control terminal; and the cell management unit comprises a reverse wake-up module, a cell management SPI communication module, a cell voltage detection module, and a balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module, each electrically connected to the cell management control terminal.

[0007] The battery management control terminal is used to obtain the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the single cell data to be balanced, determine the power battery sleep balancing mode, initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the single cell data to be balanced, and send them to the data storage module and the battery management SPI communication module respectively, and then enter the sleep mode;

[0008] The data storage module is used to store the balancing capacity data, the data of the cells to be balanced, the balancing time to be dormant, and the initial balancing start duty cycle;

[0009] The battery management SPI communication module is used to receive the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle sent by the battery management control terminal and send them to the battery cell management SPI communication module;

[0010] The cell management SPI communication module is used to receive the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle sent by the battery management SPI communication module and send them to the cell management control terminal;

[0011] The cell management and control terminal is used to enter the corresponding power battery dormant balancing mode after receiving the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle, and generate a voltage sampling command and a temperature sampling command and send them to the cell voltage detection module and the balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module respectively, and send a balancing instruction to the corresponding cell to be balanced according to the initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle;

[0012] The cell voltage detection module is configured to execute corresponding operations after receiving the voltage sampling command and send the cell voltage monitoring data to the cell management and control terminal;

[0013] The balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module is used to perform corresponding operations after receiving the temperature sampling command, and send the balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature to the battery cell management and control terminal;

[0014] The cell management and control terminal is further configured to receive the cell voltage monitoring data, the balancing circuit temperature, and the battery module temperature, respectively, and determine whether there are any abnormalities. If a wake-up signal is generated and sent to the reverse wake-up module, the abnormal temperature data or abnormal voltage data is sent to the cell management SPI communication module.

[0015] The reverse wake-up module is used to receive the wake-up signal and send it to the sleep wake-up module;

[0016] The sleep awakening module is used to receive the awakening signal sent by the reverse awakening module and send it to the battery management control terminal to wake it up;

[0017] The cell management SPI communication module is further configured to receive temperature abnormality data or voltage abnormality data sent by the cell management control terminal and send the data to the battery management SPI communication module;

[0018] The battery management SPI communication module is further configured to receive temperature anomaly data or voltage anomaly data sent by the cell management SPI communication module and send the data to the battery management control terminal;

[0019] The battery management control terminal is further configured to adjust the initial balancing time, the cells to be balanced, and the initial balancing start-up duty cycle and resend them to the battery management SPI communication module when receiving abnormal temperature data or abnormal voltage data.

[0020] Preferably, the cell management and control terminal is further configured to receive the cell voltage monitoring data, the balancing circuit temperature, and the battery module temperature respectively and determine whether there is an abnormality, including:

[0021] Receive single cell voltage monitoring data, balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature respectively;

[0022] Determine whether the cell voltage monitoring data is lower than the cell voltage threshold:

[0023] If yes, generate the wake-up signal and send it to the reverse wake-up module;

[0024] If no, proceed to the next step;

[0025] Determine whether the battery module temperature is higher than the battery module set threshold:

[0026] If yes, generate the wake-up signal and send it to the reverse wake-up module;

[0027] If no, proceed to the next step;

[0028] Determine whether the temperature of the balancing circuit is higher than a set threshold of the balancing circuit:

[0029] If yes, generate the wake-up signal and send it to the reverse wake-up module;

[0030] No, proceed to the next step.

[0031] Preferably, the cell management and control terminal is further configured to determine whether the balancing time reaches the initial balancing time when no abnormality occurs in the cell voltage monitoring data, the balancing circuit temperature, and the battery module temperature:

[0032] If yes, the cell management and control terminal sends a stop balancing instruction to the corresponding cell to be balanced and enters a dormant state;

[0033] If no, proceed to the next step;

[0034] Determine whether the battery management control terminal meets the wake-up conditions:

[0035] If yes, re-obtain the battery pack waiting time and the data of the cells to be balanced, and repeat the judgment of the sleep condition;

[0036] No, continue with sleep mode.

[0037] According to a second aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a power battery dormancy balancing method is provided, which is applied to the power battery dormancy balancing system described in the first aspect, comprising:

[0038] Obtaining the capacity data of the battery pack to be balanced and the single cell data to be balanced;

[0039] Determine the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the single cell data to be balanced, and send them to the battery management SPI communication module respectively;

[0040] When abnormal temperature data or abnormal voltage data is received, the initial balancing time, the cells to be balanced, and the initial balancing start-up duty cycle are adjusted and resent to the battery management SPI communication module.

[0041] Preferably, before respectively determining the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the cell data to be balanced, the method further includes:

[0042] Determine whether the sleep conditions are met:

[0043] Yes, proceed to the next step;

[0044] No, re-judge;

[0045] Determine whether the balancing circuit temperature sensor and battery module temperature sensor are faulty:

[0046] Yes, the power battery sleep balancing mode is a non-execution sleep balancing mode;

[0047] No, proceed to the next step.

[0048] Preferably, the method of determining the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the single cell data to be balanced, and sending them to the battery management SPI communication module respectively, includes:

[0049] Determine a power battery dormant balancing mode according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the cell data to be balanced;

[0050] The initial waiting time for balancing and the initial balancing duty cycle are determined according to the power battery dormant balancing mode.

[0051] Preferably, determining the power battery dormant balancing mode according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the cell data to be balanced includes:

[0052] Determine whether the battery pack capacity data to be balanced is less than a first capacity threshold to be balanced:

[0053] If yes, the power battery sleep balancing mode is a non-execution sleep balancing mode;

[0054] If no, proceed to the next step;

[0055] Determine whether the battery pack capacity data to be balanced is less than a second capacity threshold to be balanced:

[0056] If yes, the power battery sleep balancing mode is the normal sleep balancing mode;

[0057] If no, proceed to the next step;

[0058] Determine the number of cells with large consistency deviation in the battery pack according to the capacity data of the battery pack to be balanced and the cell data to be balanced;

[0059] Determine whether the number of cells with large consistency deviation in the battery pack is greater than or equal to the set threshold of the number of cells to be balanced:

[0060] If yes, the power battery dormant balancing mode is the second power battery dormant balancing mode;

[0061] No, the power battery dormant balancing mode is the first power battery dormant balancing mode.

[0062] Preferably, the determining of the initial waiting time for balancing and the initial balancing on duty cycle according to the power battery dormant balancing mode includes:

[0063] When the power battery dormant balancing mode is the normal dormant balancing mode, all cells to be balanced are selected for balancing. The initial balancing time is the normal initial balancing time obtained by formula (1):

[0064] T 正常 =min(T d / A,T 初 ) (1)

[0065] Among them, T 正常 is the normal initial waiting time for equilibrium, T d The average daily balancing time = the initial balancing time calculated from the monthly self-discharge difference / 30 days, A is the average daily dormancy times = the dormancy times in the past month / 30 days, T 初 The initial balancing time is calculated from the estimated balancing capacity during the battery management system wake-up process;

[0066] The balanced on duty cycle in the normal sleep balanced mode is obtained according to formulas (2) and (3):

[0067] Rth(n)= (Tj(n)-Ta) ÷Pd(n) (2)

[0068]

[0069] Among them, DutyCyc is the duty cycle of the balanced opening, Tj is the target temperature of the balanced circuit during sleep balancing, and Ta is the ambient temperature when entering sleep and waking up. is the average voltage of all cells to be balanced during dormant balancing. is the average thermal resistance value of all balancing resistors during dormant balancing, Rth(n) is the thermal resistance of the nth type of balancing resistor, And 3≤n≤5, Tj(n) is the actual temperature of the balancing circuit when the balancing channel corresponding to the n-th type balancing resistor is turned on and reaches thermal equilibrium, Ta is the ambient temperature during the test, Pd(n) is the power consumption of the n-th type balancing resistor, and R is the resistance value of the equivalent balancing resistor;

[0070] When the power battery dormant balancing mode is the second power battery dormant balancing mode, only cells to be balanced that exceed the second to-be-balanced capacity threshold are balanced. The initial to-be-balanced time is the second power battery dormant balancing time obtained by formula (4):

[0071] T 第二 =min(B 第二 T d / A,T 初 ) (4)

[0072] Among them, T 第二 is the sleep balancing time of the second power battery, B 第二 is the second fast equalization coefficient, and 2.5≤B 第二 ≤3;

[0073] The balancing-on duty cycle of the second power battery in the sleep balancing mode is the same as the balancing-on duty cycle in the normal sleep balancing mode;

[0074] When the power battery dormant balancing mode is the first power battery dormant balancing mode, only cells to be balanced that exceed the second to-be-balanced capacity threshold are balanced. The initial to-be-balanced time is the first power battery dormant balancing time obtained by formula (5):

[0075] T 第一 =min(B 第一 T d / A,T 初 ) (5)

[0076] Among them, T 第一 is the sleep balancing time of the first power battery, B 第一 is the first fast equalization coefficient, and 1.5≤B 第二 ≤2.

[0077] The balancing-on duty cycle of the first power battery in the dormant balancing mode is 100%.

[0078] Preferably, the adjusting of the initial waiting-for-balancing time, the waiting-for-balancing monomer and the balancing-on duty cycle includes:

[0079] When the temperature abnormality data is received, the method includes:

[0080] Get the sleep time and determine whether it is greater than the initial balancing time:

[0081] If yes, the new waiting balancing time is the waiting dormant balancing time, which is the difference between the initial waiting balancing time and the initial waiting balancing time calculated from the waiting balancing capacity estimated during the battery management system wake-up process;

[0082] If not, the new waiting time for balancing is the sum of the difference between the initial waiting time for balancing and the sleep time and the waiting sleep time for balancing;

[0083] When the power battery dormant balancing mode is the first power battery dormant balancing mode, the number of cells to be balanced with small capacity to be balanced is reduced, and the balancing start duty cycle remains unchanged;

[0084] When the power battery sleep balancing mode is the second power battery sleep balancing mode or the normal sleep balancing mode, recalculating the balancing on duty cycle and taking the smaller value after reducing the ratio with the initial balancing on duty cycle;

[0085] When the voltage abnormality data is received, the method includes:

[0086] The cells to be balanced and the initial time to be balanced are reset to zero, the cell management and control terminal is prohibited from sleep balancing, the battery management and control terminal and the cell management and control terminal enter sleep, and sleep balancing is prohibited from reminding the battery management and control terminal again.

[0087] According to a third aspect of an embodiment of the present invention, a vehicle is provided, comprising the power battery dormant balancing system according to the first aspect.

[0088] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0089] This patent provides a power battery dormant balancing system, method and vehicle, which can achieve safe and reliable dormant balancing of battery packs without adding additional hardware costs. The minimum cost in the dormant balancing process is achieved, and safety management in the dormant balancing process is realized. There is no need to increase hardware circuits and consume less low-voltage electric energy of electric vehicles, avoiding the risks of balancing circuit, module temperature overheating and single cell voltage undervoltage that may occur in the dormant balancing process; in the dormant balancing mode, the single cell to be balanced and the duty cycle of the balancing start are set to achieve the best dormant balancing efficiency; according to the inconsistency of the battery pack, different dormant balancing setting methods are used to achieve the best balancing efficiency, while taking into account the safety management of dormant balancing, reducing the consumption of low-voltage electric energy of the whole vehicle by dormant balancing, and avoiding the risk of low-voltage battery feeding caused by dormant balancing.

[0090] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0091] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the structure of a power battery dormant balancing system according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0092] Figure 2 The figure is a flow chart showing a method for dormant balancing of a power battery according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0093] Figure 3 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0094] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0095] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0096] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0097] Example 1

[0098] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of the structure of a power battery dormancy and balancing system 100 according to an exemplary embodiment, including: a battery management system and a cell management unit. The battery management system includes a data storage module, a battery management SPI communication module, and a dormancy wakeup module, each electrically connected to a battery management control terminal.

[0099] The battery management control terminal is used to obtain the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the data of the cells to be balanced. Based on the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the data of the cells to be balanced, the terminal determines the power battery's sleep balancing mode, initial waiting time for balancing, and initial balancing duty cycle, and sends these data to the data storage module and the battery management SPI communication module, respectively, before entering sleep mode. The data storage module is used to store the balancing capacity data, the data of the cells to be balanced, the waiting time for balancing, and the initial balancing duty cycle. The battery management SPI communication module is used to receive the power battery's sleep balancing mode, initial waiting time for balancing, and initial balancing duty cycle from the battery management control terminal and send them to the cell management SPI communication module.

[0100] The cell management unit includes a reverse wakeup module, a cell management SPI communication module, a cell voltage detection module, and a balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module, all electrically connected to the cell management and control terminal. The cell management SPI communication module receives the power battery sleep balancing mode, initial waiting time, and initial balancing duty cycle from the battery management SPI communication module and sends them to the cell management and control terminal. Upon receiving the power battery sleep balancing mode, initial waiting time, and initial balancing duty cycle, the cell management and control terminal enters the corresponding power battery sleep balancing mode and generates voltage and temperature sampling commands, which are sent to the cell voltage detection module and the balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module, respectively. Based on the initial waiting time and initial balancing duty cycle, balancing instructions are sent to the corresponding cells to be balanced. The cell voltage detection module executes corresponding operations upon receiving the voltage sampling commands and transmits cell voltage monitoring data to the cell management and control terminal. The balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module executes corresponding operations upon receiving the temperature sampling commands and transmits the balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature to the cell management and control terminal. The cell management and control terminal is also used to receive the single cell voltage monitoring data, the balancing circuit temperature, and the battery module temperature and determine whether there are any abnormalities. The specific steps include:

[0101] Receive single cell voltage monitoring data, balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature respectively;

[0102] Determine whether the cell voltage monitoring data is lower than the cell voltage threshold:

[0103] If yes, generate the wake-up signal and send it to the reverse wake-up module;

[0104] If no, proceed to the next step;

[0105] Determine whether the battery module temperature is higher than the battery module set threshold:

[0106] If yes, generate the wake-up signal and send it to the reverse wake-up module;

[0107] If no, proceed to the next step;

[0108] Determine whether the temperature of the balancing circuit is higher than a set threshold of the balancing circuit:

[0109] If yes, generate the wake-up signal and send it to the reverse wake-up module;

[0110] If no, proceed to the next step;

[0111] Determine whether the balancing time reaches the initial balancing time:

[0112] If yes, the cell management and control terminal sends a stop balancing instruction to the corresponding cell to be balanced and enters a dormant state;

[0113] If no, proceed to the next step;

[0114] Determine whether the battery management control terminal meets the wake-up conditions:

[0115] If yes, re-obtain the battery pack waiting time and the data of the cells to be balanced, and repeat the judgment of the sleep condition;

[0116] No, continue with hibernation mode.

[0117] If a wake-up signal is generated and sent to the reverse wake-up module, the abnormal temperature or abnormal voltage data is sent to the cell management SPI communication module. The reverse wake-up module is configured to receive the wake-up signal and send it to the sleep wake-up module. The sleep wake-up module is configured to receive the wake-up signal from the reverse wake-up module and send it to the battery management control terminal to wake it up. The cell management SPI communication module receives the abnormal temperature or abnormal voltage data from the cell management control terminal and sends it to the battery management SPI communication module.

[0118] The battery management SPI communication module is also used to receive temperature abnormality data or voltage abnormality data sent by the battery cell management SPI communication module and send it to the battery management control terminal; the battery management control terminal is also used to adjust the initial balancing time, the single cell to be balanced and the initial balancing start duty cycle when receiving temperature abnormality data or voltage abnormality data and resend them to the battery management SPI communication module.

[0119] Example 2

[0120] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a power battery dormancy balancing method according to an exemplary embodiment, including:

[0121] Step 101: Obtain the capacity data of the battery pack to be balanced and the data of the cells to be balanced. The specific contents are as follows:

[0122] By selecting the appropriate time to identify the consistency differences between different cells in the battery pack, and after obtaining the battery pack capacity data and the cell data to be balanced, determine whether the sleep conditions are met:

[0123] Yes, proceed to the next step;

[0124] No, re-judge;

[0125] Determine whether the balancing circuit temperature sensor and battery module temperature sensor are faulty:

[0126] Yes, the power battery sleep balancing mode is a non-execution sleep balancing mode;

[0127] No, proceed to the next step.

[0128] Step 102: Determine the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial balancing time, and initial balancing duty cycle based on the battery pack capacity data and the cell data, and send them to the battery management SPI communication module. The details are as follows:

[0129] The power battery dormant balancing mode is determined based on the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the cell data to be balanced. The specific steps include:

[0130] Determine whether the battery pack capacity data to be balanced is less than a first capacity threshold to be balanced:

[0131] If yes, the power battery sleep balancing mode is not executed;

[0132] If no, proceed to the next step;

[0133] Determine whether the battery pack capacity data to be balanced is less than the second capacity threshold to be balanced:

[0134] If yes, the power battery sleep balancing mode is the normal sleep balancing mode;

[0135] If no, proceed to the next step;

[0136] Determine the number of cells with large consistency deviation in the battery pack according to the capacity data of the battery pack to be balanced and the cell data to be balanced;

[0137] Determine whether the number of cells with large consistency deviation in the battery pack is greater than or equal to the set threshold of the number of cells to be balanced:

[0138] If yes, the power battery dormant balancing mode is the second power battery dormant balancing mode;

[0139] No, the power battery dormant balancing mode is the first power battery dormant balancing mode.

[0140] Based on the above steps, the following specific examples are given:

[0141] Assume that the battery pack has 96 cells with a rated capacity of 152AH. The first capacity threshold to be balanced is 0.8AH, the second capacity threshold to be balanced is 4AH, and the threshold for the number of cells to be balanced is 3. If the battery management control terminal meets the sleep conditions and the balancing circuit temperature sensor and module temperature sensor are not faulty:

[0142] If the battery management control terminal determines during operation that cells 1 to 5 are cells to be balanced, and the capacity to be balanced is 0.5AH, which is less than 0.8A (the first capacity threshold to be balanced), the power battery dormant balancing mode is not executed.

[0143] If the battery management control terminal determines during the working process that cells 1 to 5 are cells to be balanced, and the capacity to be balanced is 1AH, which is greater than 0.8A (the first capacity threshold to be balanced), but not greater than 4AH (the second capacity threshold to be balanced), the power battery sleep balancing mode is the normal sleep balancing mode.

[0144] If the battery management control terminal determines during the working process that cells 1 to 5 are cells to be balanced, and the capacity to be balanced is 5AH, which is greater than 4AH (the second capacity threshold to be balanced), but the number of cells to be balanced 5 is not less than 3 (the set threshold for the number of cells to be balanced), the second power battery dormant balancing mode is entered.

[0145] If the battery management control terminal determines during the working process that cells 1 to 5 are cells to be balanced, among which the capacity to be balanced of cells 1 and 2 is 5AH, and the capacity to be balanced of cells 3 to 5 is 1AH, then only the capacity to be balanced of cells 1 and 2, 5AH, is greater than 4AH (the second capacity threshold to be balanced), and the number of cells to be balanced, 2, is less than 3 (the set threshold for the number of cells to be balanced), so the first power battery dormant balancing mode is entered.

[0146] The initial waiting time for balancing and the initial balancing duty cycle are determined according to the power battery dormant balancing mode. The specific contents are as follows:

[0147] When the power battery dormant balancing mode is the normal dormant balancing mode, all cells to be balanced are selected for balancing. The initial balancing time is the normal initial balancing time obtained by formula (1):

[0148] T 正常 =min(T d / A,T 初 ) (1)

[0149] Among them, T 正常 is the normal initial waiting time for equilibrium, T d The average daily balancing time = the initial balancing time calculated from the monthly self-discharge difference / 30 days, A is the average daily dormancy times = the dormancy times in the past month / 30 days, T 初 The initial balancing time is converted from the estimated balancing capacity during the battery management system wake-up process.

[0150] Continuing with the above steps, we list the following specific examples:

[0151] Assume that the battery pack has 96 cells with a rated capacity of 152AH. If the battery management control terminal meets the sleep conditions and the balancing circuit temperature sensor and module temperature sensor are not faulty, the battery management control terminal has determined during the working process that cells 1 to 5 are cells to be balanced, with a capacity to be balanced of 1AH and a corresponding waiting time of 20 hours. The battery pack balancing demand is general, and it enters normal sleep balancing mode.

[0152] Set all cells to be balanced to dormant balance. Assume that the monthly balancing time converted from the self-discharge rate difference is 150 hours, and the average daily balancing time is 5 hours; the number of dormancy times in the past month is 60, and the average daily dormancy time is 2; then the normal initial balancing time is T 正常 =min(T d / A,T 初 )=min(5 hours / 2 times, 20 hours)=2.5 hours.

[0153] Because the primary heat-generating component in the balancing circuit is the balancing resistor, the balancing circuit temperature sensor is typically placed in the center of the balancing circuit to better characterize the balancing circuit's temperature pattern. Due to hardware cost and layout space limitations, the heat dissipation capacity of the balancing circuit design generally cannot meet the requirements for simultaneously balancing all cells, especially when the cell management unit's balancing efficiency is high during dormant balancing. Therefore, this embodiment aims to achieve the optimal number of cells to be balanced or the optimal duty cycle for dormant balancing, thereby achieving the fastest improvement in battery consistency and maximizing the heat dissipation capacity of the balancing circuit.

[0154] The balanced on duty cycle in normal sleep balanced mode is obtained according to formulas (2) and (3):

[0155] Rth(n)= (Tj(n)-Ta) ÷Pd(n) (2)

[0156]

[0157] Among them, DutyCyc is the duty cycle of the balanced opening, Tj is the target temperature of the balanced circuit during sleep balancing, and Ta is the ambient temperature when entering sleep and waking up. is the average voltage of all cells to be balanced during dormant balancing. is the average thermal resistance value corresponding to all balancing resistors during dormant balancing. This patent simplifies all balancing resistors in a balancing circuit into an equivalent balancing resistor. Since the balancing resistors are all equal, it is assumed that the equivalent balancing resistor is R. Since the pads and PCBs of different balancing resistors have different heat dissipation thermal resistances, this embodiment divides the balancing resistors in the balancing circuit into several categories based on their positional relationship in the balancing circuit. Each category of balancing resistors and their associated pads and PCB thermal resistance are then tested separately. Rth(n) is the thermal resistance of the nth category of balancing resistors. And 3≤n≤5, Tj(n) is the actual temperature of the balancing circuit when the balancing channel corresponding to the n-th type balancing resistor is turned on and reaches thermal equilibrium, Ta is the ambient temperature during the test, and Pd(n) is the power consumption of the n-th type balancing resistor.

[0158] Continuing with the above steps, we list the following specific examples:

[0159] Assuming the ambient temperature is 25°C, the voltage of the cell to be balanced is 4.2V, the balancing duty cycle is 33%, and the balancing resistor is 33Ω, then the balancing resistor power is 33% * 4.2V * 4.2V / 33Ω = 0.5345W. If the first type of balancing resistor reaches thermal equilibrium at 75°C, the second type reaches thermal equilibrium at 72°C, and the third type reaches thermal equilibrium at 70°C, then the thermal resistance of the first type of balancing resistor is (75-25) / 0.5345 = 283.4°C / W; the thermal resistance of the second type of balancing resistor is (72-25) / 0.5345 = 266.4°C / W; and the thermal resistance of the third type of balancing resistor is (70-25) / 0.5345 = 255.1°C / W. The average thermal resistance of all balancing resistors during sleep balancing is (283.4*2+266.4+255.1*2) / 5=268.7°C / W.

[0160] The calculation method of the average thermal resistance of the balancing resistor can be transformed into measuring the thermal resistance of each balancing resistor and then calculating the average thermal resistance, or testing the thermal resistance of different balancing resistor combinations in advance through permutations and combinations.

[0161] Assume that the battery pack has 96 cells with a rated capacity of 152AH. If the battery management control terminal meets the sleep conditions, the balancing circuit temperature sensor and the module temperature sensor are normal, the balancing resistance is 33Ω, the ambient temperature is 25°C, the balancing circuit sleep balancing setting threshold is set to 89°C, and the target temperature of the balancing circuit during sleep balancing is 79°C; the battery management control terminal has determined that cells 1 to 5 are cells to be balanced and meet the conditions for entering normal sleep balancing mode. Their voltage values ​​are 3.69V, 3.71V, 3.7V, 3.68V, and 3.72V, respectively. Therefore, the average voltage of the sleep balancing cells to be balanced is 3.7V; the thermal resistances of cells 1 to 5 to be balanced are 298°C / W, 302°C / W, 298°C / W, 300°C / W, and 302°C / W, respectively. Therefore, the average thermal resistance value corresponding to all balancing resistors during sleep balancing is 300°C / W; the balancing on duty cycle is

[0162] The calculation method of the sleep balancing on duty cycle can be transformed into obtaining the sleep balancing on duty cycle in advance through design experiments at different voltages and different ambient temperatures when the balancing circuit reaches the set target temperature thermal equilibrium. Then, the battery management system can obtain the sleep balancing on duty cycle by looking up the table.

[0163] When the power battery dormant balancing mode is the second power battery dormant balancing mode, only the cells to be balanced that exceed the second to-be-balanced capacity threshold are balanced. The initial to-be-balanced time is the second power battery dormant balancing time obtained by formula (4):

[0164] T 第二 =min(B 第二 T d / A,T 初 ) (4)

[0165] Among them, T 第二 is the sleep balancing time of the second power battery, B 第二 is the second fast equalization coefficient, and 2.5≤B 第二 ≤3;

[0166] The balancing-on duty cycle of the second power battery in the sleep balancing mode is the same as the balancing-on duty cycle in the normal sleep balancing mode;

[0167] Continuing with the above steps, we list the following specific examples:

[0168] Assuming that the battery pack has 96 battery cells, the rated capacity is 152 AH, the second to-be-balanced capacity threshold is 5 AH, the to-be-balanced cell number setting threshold is 5, if the battery management control terminal meets the sleep condition, and the balancing circuit temperature sensor and the module temperature sensor are not faulty, the battery management system working process has determined that there are 40 to-be-balanced cells, among which there are 20 battery cells with a to-be-balanced capacity of 1 AH, 20 battery cells with a to-be-balanced capacity of 6 AH, and the to-be-balanced time corresponding to the battery cell with a to-be-balanced capacity of 6 AH is 120 hours, which meets the condition of entering the second power battery sleep balancing mode, and the second fast balancing coefficient is 2.8.

[0169] The 20 to-be-balanced cells with a to-be-balanced capacity exceeding 5 AH are set to sleep balancing, assuming that the monthly balancing time converted from the self-discharge rate difference is 150 hours, and the average daily to-be-balanced time is 5 hours; the sleep frequency in nearly a month is 60 times, and the average daily sleep frequency is 2 times; then T 第二 = min(B 第二 T d / A, T 初 ) = min(2.8*5 hours / 2 times, 120 hours) = 7 hours.

[0170] When the power battery sleep balancing mode is the first power battery sleep balancing mode, only the to-be-balanced cells exceeding the second to-be-balanced capacity threshold are balanced, and the initial to-be-balanced time is the first power battery sleep balancing time, which is obtained by formula (5):

[0171] T 第一 = min(B 第一 T d / A, T 初 ) (5)

[0172] Among them, T 第一 is the first power battery sleep balancing time, B 第一 is the first fast balancing coefficient, and 1.5≤B 第二 ≤2.

[0173] The balancing on-off duty ratio in the first power battery sleep balancing mode is 100%, because for the case that the battery consistency is poor and the number of large difference battery cells is small, by balancing only the to-be-balanced cells exceeding the set threshold and using the maximum balancing on-off duty ratio 100%, the battery pack inconsistency can be quickly eliminated. The to-be-balanced capacity setting threshold 2 needs to be determined according to the battery consistency difference, which represents that the battery consistency is poor; the to-be-balanced cell number setting threshold exceeding the to-be-balanced capacity setting threshold 2 is determined based on the maximum heat dissipation capacity of the balancing circuit, which can be determined by calibration test, which can take the battery voltage as the upper limit voltage, the environmental temperature is 55 degrees Celsius, and the balancing on-off duty ratio is 100% when the balancing circuit reaches the set threshold heat balance.

[0174] Continuing with the above steps, we list the following specific examples:

[0175] Assume that the battery pack has 96 cells with a rated capacity of 152AH, the second capacity threshold to be balanced is 5AH, and the threshold for the number of cells to be balanced is set to 5. If the battery management control terminal meets the sleep conditions and the balancing circuit temperature sensor and the module temperature sensor are not faulty, the battery management control terminal has identified 40 cells to be balanced during its operation, including 36 cells with a capacity of 1AH to be balanced and 4 cells with a capacity of 6AH to be balanced. The corresponding balancing time for the cell with a capacity of 6AH to be balanced is 120 hours, which meets the conditions for entering the first power battery sleep balancing mode. The first fast balancing coefficient is 1.8.

[0176] Set up four cells to be balanced with a capacity of more than 5AH for dormant balancing. Assuming that the monthly balancing time converted from the self-discharge rate difference is 150 hours, the average daily balancing time is 5 hours; the number of dormant times in the past month is 60, and the average number of dormant times per day is 2; then

[0177] T 第一 =min(B 第一 T d / A,T 初 )=min(1.8*5 hours / 2 times, 120 hours)=4.5 hours.

[0178] Step 103, when abnormal temperature data or abnormal voltage data is received, the initial balancing time, the cells to be balanced, and the initial balancing start duty cycle are adjusted and resent to the battery management SPI communication module. The specific steps are as follows:

[0179] When abnormal temperature data is received, it includes:

[0180] Get the sleep time and determine whether it is greater than the initial balancing time:

[0181] If yes, the new waiting balancing time is the waiting dormant balancing time, which is the difference between the initial waiting balancing time and the initial waiting balancing time calculated from the waiting balancing capacity estimated during the battery management system wake-up process.

[0182] If not, the new waiting time for balancing is the sum of the difference between the initial waiting time for balancing and the sleep time and the waiting sleep time for balancing;

[0183] Continuing with the above steps, we list the following specific examples:

[0184] Assume that the battery pack has 96 cells with a rated capacity of 152AH. The estimated initial waiting time for balancing is 20 hours based on the capacity to be balanced during the battery management system wake-up process. The initial waiting time for balancing is 2.5 hours, which meets the conditions for entering the normal sleep balancing mode. Then, when the battery management control terminal is powered off, the waiting time for balancing stored in the data storage module is 17.5 hours, and then sleep balancing is performed. If the battery management control terminal is awakened after 1 hour, the new waiting time for balancing = waiting time for balancing + (initial waiting time for balancing - sleep time) = 17.5 + (2.5-1) = 19 hours; if the battery management control terminal is awakened after 3 hours, the waiting time for balancing = waiting time for balancing = 17.5 hours.

[0185] When the power battery dormant balancing mode is the first power battery dormant balancing mode, the number of cells to be balanced with small capacity to be balanced is reduced, and the balancing start duty cycle remains unchanged;

[0186] Assume that the battery pack has 96 cells with a rated capacity of 152AH, the balancing circuit sleep balancing setting threshold is 89°C, and the module temperature sleep balancing setting threshold is 55°C. If during the sleep balancing process, the cell management and control terminal detects that the balancing circuit temperature is 90°C, which is higher than the balancing circuit sleep balancing setting threshold of 89°C, the battery management and control terminal will be awakened in reverse. The battery management and control terminal will stop balancing the No. 2 single cell to be balanced, which has a relatively small capacity to be balanced, and reset the cell management and control terminal to balance the channel to be balanced, and the balancing start duty cycle will remain unchanged at 100%.

[0187] When the power battery sleep balancing mode is the second power battery sleep balancing mode or the normal sleep balancing mode, recalculating the balancing on duty cycle and taking the smaller value after reducing the ratio with the initial balancing on duty cycle;

[0188] Assume a battery pack has 96 cells with a rated capacity of 152AH. If the battery management system meets sleep conditions, the balancing circuit temperature sensor and module temperature sensor are normal, the balancing resistor is 33Ω, the ambient temperature is 25°C, the balancing circuit sleep threshold is set to 89°C, and the target temperature of the balancing circuit during sleep balancing is 79°C. The battery management system has identified cells 1 through 5 as cells to be balanced and meet the conditions for entering normal sleep balancing mode. Their voltages are 3.69V, 3.71V, 3.7V, 3.68V, and 3.72V, respectively. Therefore, the average voltage of the cells to be balanced during sleep balancing is 3.7V. The thermal resistances of cells 1 through 5 are 298°C / W, 302°C / W, 298°C / W, 300°C / W, and 302°C / W, respectively. Therefore, the average thermal resistance of all balancing resistors during sleep balancing is 300°C / W. Therefore, the balancing duty cycle is DutyCyc43.4%.

[0189] During the normal sleep balancing mode, if the cell management unit detects that the balancing circuit temperature is 90°C, which is higher than the balancing circuit sleep balancing setting threshold of 89°C, the cell management unit will wake up the battery management system in reverse, and the battery management system will recalculate the balancing duty cycle. Assuming that the ambient temperature becomes 40°C at this time, the recalculated balancing duty cycle is The recalculated balancing duty cycle needs to be smaller than 80% of the previous balancing duty cycle, and it can be obtained that: DutyCyc = min(31.3%, 43.4%*80%) = min(31.3%, 34.7%) = 31.3%. After that, the battery management system goes into sleep again, and the cell management unit re-enters the normal sleep balancing mode.

[0190] When abnormal voltage data is received, it includes:

[0191] The single cell to be balanced and the initial waiting time for balancing are reset to zero, the cell management control terminal is prohibited from dormant balancing, the battery management control terminal and the cell management control terminal enter dormancy, and dormant balancing is prohibited from re-reminding the battery management control terminal.

[0192] Example 3

[0193] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in Example 3 of the present invention.

[0194] like Figure 3 As shown, the vehicle 200 includes a power battery dormant balancing system 100 .

[0195] In this embodiment, the vehicle 200 may be a pure electric vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle.

[0196] The vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present invention is provided with a power battery dormant balancing system 100, including: a battery management system and a cell management unit, the battery management system including a data storage module, a battery management SPI communication module, and a dormant wake-up module, each electrically connected to a battery management control terminal; the cell management unit including a reverse wake-up module, a cell management SPI communication module, a single cell voltage detection module, and a balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module, each electrically connected to a cell management control terminal; wherein:

[0197] The battery management control terminal is used to obtain the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the single cell data to be balanced, and determine the power battery sleep balancing mode, initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the single cell data to be balanced, and send them to the data storage module and the battery management SPI communication module respectively, and then enter the sleep mode;

[0198] A data storage module is used to store the balancing capacity data, the data of the cells to be balanced, the balancing time to be dormant and the initial balancing start duty cycle;

[0199] The battery management SPI communication module is used to receive the power battery sleep balancing mode, initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle sent by the battery management control terminal and send them to the battery cell management SPI communication module;

[0200] The cell management SPI communication module is used to receive the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle sent by the battery management SPI communication module and send them to the cell management control terminal;

[0201] The cell management and control terminal is used to enter the corresponding power battery dormant balancing mode after receiving the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle, and generate a voltage sampling command and a temperature sampling command and send them to the cell voltage detection module and the balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module respectively, and send a balancing instruction to the corresponding cell to be balanced according to the initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle;

[0202] The cell voltage detection module is used to perform corresponding operations after receiving the voltage sampling command and send the cell voltage monitoring data to the battery cell management and control terminal;

[0203] The balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module is used to perform corresponding operations after receiving the temperature sampling command, and send the balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature to the battery cell management and control terminal;

[0204] The cell management control terminal is also used to receive the single cell voltage monitoring data, the balancing circuit temperature and the battery module temperature and determine whether there are any abnormalities. If a wake-up signal is generated and sent to the reverse wake-up module, the temperature abnormality data or voltage abnormality data will be sent to the cell management SPI communication module.

[0205] The reverse wake-up module is used to receive the wake-up signal and send it to the sleep wake-up module;

[0206] The sleep wake-up module is used to receive the wake-up signal sent by the reverse wake-up module and send it to the battery management control terminal to wake it up;

[0207] The cell management SPI communication module is further configured to receive temperature anomaly data or voltage anomaly data sent by the cell management control terminal and send the data to the battery management SPI communication module;

[0208] The battery management SPI communication module is further used to receive the temperature abnormality data or voltage abnormality data sent by the cell management SPI communication module and send it to the battery management control terminal;

[0209] The battery management control terminal is further configured to adjust and resend the initial equalization time, the equalization cell, and the initial equalization duty cycle to the battery management SPI communication module when receiving the temperature abnormal data or the voltage abnormal data.

[0210] While embodiments of the application have been disclosed in connection with the above specification and drawings, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the application to the details described therein, rather it is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents thereof falling within the scope of the application. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. The application is not limited to a particular detail set forth in the above description and drawings, as these could include all examples falling within a more general concept such as claimed.

Claims

1. A power battery dormancy equalization method, characterized in that: include: Obtain the capacity data of the battery pack to be balanced and the data of the single cells to be balanced; Determine the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the single cell data to be balanced, and send them to the battery management SPI communication module respectively; When abnormal temperature data or abnormal voltage data is received, the initial balancing time, the cells to be balanced, and the initial balancing duty cycle are adjusted and resent to the battery management SPI communication module; The method of determining the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the single cell data to be balanced and sending them to the battery management SPI communication module respectively includes: Determine a power battery dormant balancing mode according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the cell data to be balanced; Determine the initial waiting time for balancing and the initial balancing duty cycle according to the power battery dormant balancing mode; Determining a power battery dormant balancing mode according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the cell data to be balanced includes: Determine whether the battery pack capacity data to be balanced is less than a first capacity threshold to be balanced: If yes, the power battery sleep balancing mode is a non-execution sleep balancing mode; If no, proceed to the next step; Determine whether the battery pack capacity data to be balanced is less than a second capacity threshold to be balanced: If yes, the power battery sleep balancing mode is the normal sleep balancing mode; If no, proceed to the next step; Determine the number of cells with large consistency deviation in the battery pack according to the capacity data of the battery pack to be balanced and the cell data to be balanced; Determine whether the number of cells with large consistency deviation in the battery pack is greater than or equal to the set threshold of the number of cells to be balanced: If yes, the power battery dormant balancing mode is the second power battery dormant balancing mode; No, the power battery dormant balancing mode is the first power battery dormant balancing mode.

2. A power battery dormancy equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before respectively determining the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the cell data to be balanced, the method further includes: Determine whether the sleep conditions are met: Yes, proceed to the next step; No, re-judge; Determine whether the balancing circuit temperature sensor and battery module temperature sensor are faulty: Yes, the power battery sleep balancing mode is a non-execution sleep balancing mode; No, proceed to the next step.

3. A power battery dormancy equalization method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The determining of the initial waiting time for balancing and the initial balancing on duty cycle according to the power battery dormant balancing mode includes: When the power battery dormant balancing mode is the normal dormant balancing mode, all cells to be balanced are selected for balancing. The initial balancing time is the normal initial balancing time obtained by formula (1): T 正常 =min(T d / A,T 初 ) (1) Among them, T 正常 is the normal initial waiting time for equilibrium, T d The average daily balancing time = the initial balancing time converted from the monthly self-discharge difference / 30 days, A is the average daily dormancy times = the dormancy times in the past month / 30 days, T 初 The initial balancing time is calculated from the estimated balancing capacity during the battery management system wake-up process; The balanced on duty cycle in the normal sleep balanced mode is obtained according to formulas (2) and (3): Rth(n)= (Tj(n)-Ta) ÷Pd(n) (2) Among them, DutyCyc is the duty cycle of the balanced opening, Tj is the target temperature of the balanced circuit during sleep balancing, and Ta is the ambient temperature when entering sleep and waking up. is the average voltage of all cells to be balanced during dormant balancing. is the average thermal resistance value of all balancing resistors during dormant balancing, Rth(n) is the thermal resistance of the nth type of balancing resistor, And 3≤n≤5, Tj(n) is the actual temperature of the balancing circuit when the balancing channel corresponding to the n-th type balancing resistor is turned on and reaches thermal equilibrium, Ta is the ambient temperature during the test, Pd(n) is the power consumption of the n-th type balancing resistor, and R is the resistance value of the equivalent balancing resistor; When the power battery dormant balancing mode is the second power battery dormant balancing mode, only cells to be balanced that exceed the second to-be-balanced capacity threshold are balanced. The initial to-be-balanced time is the second power battery dormant balancing time obtained by formula (4): T 第二 =min(B 第二 T d / A,T 初 ) (4) Among them, T 第二 is the sleep balancing time of the second power battery, B 第二 is the second fast equalization coefficient, and 2.5≤B 第二 ≤3; The balancing-on duty cycle of the second power battery in the sleep balancing mode is the same as the balancing-on duty cycle in the normal sleep balancing mode; When the power battery dormant balancing mode is the first power battery dormant balancing mode, only cells to be balanced that exceed the second to-be-balanced capacity threshold are balanced. The initial to-be-balanced time is the first power battery dormant balancing time obtained by formula (5): T 第一 =min(B 第一 T d / A,T 初 ) (5) Among them, T 第一 is the sleep balancing time of the first power battery, B 第一 is the first fast equalization coefficient, and 1.5≤B 第二 ≤2; The balancing-on duty cycle of the first power battery in the dormant balancing mode is 100%.

4. A power battery dormancy equalization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjustment of the initial waiting-for-balancing time, the waiting-for-balancing monomer, and the balancing-on duty cycle includes: When the temperature abnormality data is received, the method includes: Get the sleep time and determine whether it is greater than the initial balancing time: If yes, the new waiting balancing time is the waiting dormant balancing time, which is the difference between the initial waiting balancing time and the initial waiting balancing time calculated from the waiting balancing capacity estimated during the battery management system wake-up process; If not, the new waiting time for balancing is the sum of the difference between the initial waiting time for balancing and the sleep time and the waiting sleep time for balancing; When the power battery dormant balancing mode is the first power battery dormant balancing mode, the number of cells to be balanced with small capacity to be balanced is reduced, and the balancing start duty cycle remains unchanged; When the power battery sleep balancing mode is the second power battery sleep balancing mode or the normal sleep balancing mode, recalculating the balancing on duty cycle and taking the smaller value after reducing the ratio with the initial balancing on duty cycle; When the voltage abnormality data is received, the method includes: The cells to be balanced and the initial time to be balanced are reset to zero, the cell management and control terminal is prohibited from dormant balancing, the battery management and control terminal and the cell management and control terminal enter dormancy, and dormant balancing is prohibited from reminding the battery management and control terminal again.

5. A power battery dormancy equalization system, characterized in that: A power battery dormancy equalization method for executing any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising: a battery management system and a cell management unit, wherein the battery management system comprises a data storage module, a battery management SPI communication module, and a dormancy wake-up module, each electrically connected to a battery management control terminal; and the cell management unit comprises a reverse wake-up module, a cell management SPI communication module, a single cell voltage detection module, and a balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module, each electrically connected to a cell management control terminal. The battery management control terminal is used to obtain the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the single cell data to be balanced, determine the power battery sleep balancing mode, initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle according to the battery pack capacity data to be balanced and the single cell data to be balanced, and send them to the data storage module and the battery management SPI communication module respectively, and then enter the sleep mode; The data storage module is used to store the balancing capacity data, the data of the cells to be balanced, the balancing time to be dormant, and the initial balancing start duty cycle; The battery management SPI communication module is used to receive the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle sent by the battery management control terminal and send them to the battery cell management SPI communication module; The cell management SPI communication module is used to receive the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle sent by the battery management SPI communication module and send them to the cell management control terminal; The cell management and control terminal is used to enter the corresponding power battery dormant balancing mode after receiving the power battery dormant balancing mode, initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle, and generate a voltage sampling command and a temperature sampling command and send them to the cell voltage detection module and the balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module respectively, and send a balancing instruction to the corresponding cell to be balanced according to the initial waiting balancing time and initial balancing start duty cycle; The cell voltage detection module is configured to execute corresponding operations after receiving the voltage sampling command and send the cell voltage monitoring data to the cell management and control terminal; The balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature detection module is used to perform corresponding operations after receiving the temperature sampling command, and send the balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature to the battery cell management and control terminal; The cell management and control terminal is further configured to receive the cell voltage monitoring data, the balancing circuit temperature, and the battery module temperature, respectively, and determine whether there are any abnormalities. If a wake-up signal is generated and sent to the reverse wake-up module, the abnormal temperature data or abnormal voltage data is sent to the cell management SPI communication module. The reverse wake-up module is used to receive the wake-up signal and send it to the sleep wake-up module; The sleep awakening module is used to receive the awakening signal sent by the reverse awakening module and send it to the battery management control terminal to wake it up; The cell management SPI communication module is further configured to receive temperature abnormality data or voltage abnormality data sent by the cell management control terminal and send the data to the battery management SPI communication module; The battery management SPI communication module is further configured to receive temperature anomaly data or voltage anomaly data sent by the cell management SPI communication module and send the data to the battery management control terminal; The battery management control terminal is also used to adjust the initial balancing time, the cells to be balanced and the initial balancing start duty cycle and resend them to the battery management SPI communication module when receiving abnormal temperature data or abnormal voltage data.

6. A power battery dormancy equalization system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cell management and control terminal is further configured to receive the cell voltage monitoring data, the balancing circuit temperature, and the battery module temperature and determine whether there are any abnormalities, including: Receive single cell voltage monitoring data, balancing circuit temperature and battery module temperature respectively; Determine whether the cell voltage monitoring data is lower than the cell voltage threshold: If yes, generate the wake-up signal and send it to the reverse wake-up module; If no, proceed to the next step; Determine whether the battery module temperature is higher than the battery module set threshold: If yes, generate the wake-up signal and send it to the reverse wake-up module; If no, proceed to the next step; Determine whether the temperature of the balancing circuit is higher than a set threshold of the balancing circuit: If yes, generate the wake-up signal and send it to the reverse wake-up module; No, proceed to the next step.

7. The power battery dormancy equalization system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The cell management and control terminal is further configured to determine whether the balancing time has reached the initial balancing time when no abnormalities are found in the cell voltage monitoring data, the balancing circuit temperature, and the battery module temperature. If yes, the cell management and control terminal sends a stop balancing instruction to the corresponding cell to be balanced and enters a dormant state; If no, proceed to the next step; Determine whether the battery management control terminal meets the wake-up conditions: If yes, re-obtain the battery pack waiting time and the data of the cells to be balanced, and repeat the judgment of the sleep condition; No, continue with hibernation mode.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that: A power battery dormancy equalization system comprising any one of claims 5-7.

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