A combined power generation system of ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine

Abstract

This invention proposes a combined power generation system of an ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and a hydrogen-blended gas turbine, belonging to the field of gas turbine power technology. In this system, liquid ammonia is pressurized by a pump and connected to the inlet of a gasification heat exchanger. The gasified ammonia is then fed into the ammonia decomposition unit. The hydrogen and nitrogen syngas produced after ammonia decomposition are first fed into the syngas turbine through a first syngas inlet pipe, where they expand and generate electricity. This syngas is then used as a heat source in the gasification heat exchanger. The fully utilized syngas is then purified by a hydrogen purification unit to separate hydrogen, which, along with natural gas, is fed as fuel to the combustion chamber of the hydrogen-blended gas turbine. The high-temperature gas generated by combustion drives the gas turbine to generate electricity. The exhaust gas from the gas turbine serves as a heat source for the ammonia decomposition unit. This invention forms a combined power generation system of a turbine and a hydrogen-blended gas turbine, which reduces carbon emissions, increases system power output, and effectively utilizes the waste heat of the working fluid within the system, thus improving the system's thermodynamic cycle efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of gas turbine power technology, and in particular relates to a combined power generation system of an ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and a hydrogen-blended gas turbine. Background Technology

[0002] Gas turbines have high efficiency in power fields such as aero engines and heavy-duty power generation gas turbines, and are suitable for various power outputs. In the implementation of the two-engine special project, it was also mentioned that the requirements of the power system for gas turbine units have always been to improve efficiency, increase power and reduce emissions.

[0003] Currently, natural gas and oil remain the primary fuels for gas turbines in the aviation and heavy-duty power generation sectors, and carbon emissions are still not effectively controlled. Numerous studies are exploring the fuel flexibility of gas turbines, suggesting that completely or partially replacing natural gas with hydrogen could further decarbonize the power generation process. Hydrogen, as a completely carbon-free clean energy source, offers the possibility of achieving zero carbon emissions for gas turbine power. Furthermore, hydrogen is considered the "ultimate energy source" for solving the energy crisis.

[0004] As an energy carrier, hydrogen is not only environmentally friendly but also highly efficient, with a calorific value three times that of gasoline. It is an ideal choice for long-term or seasonal storage of renewable energy and a driving force for achieving a zero-carbon power generation economy through gas turbines. However, technologies such as water electrolysis and photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen are too expensive, with hydrogen production costs accounting for 30%-40% of the total cost. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, in order to solve the problems of difficulty in hydrogen production and storage and high cost of existing gas turbine hydrogen blending technology, and at the same time to optimize the resource utilization rate of gas turbine system, a hydrogen-blended gas turbine electromechanical system combining ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and gas turbine is proposed. Liquid ammonia is used as the raw material for decomposition hydrogen production, and the syngas is used to generate electricity in combination through syngas turbine and gas turbine. This effectively solves the hydrogen storage problem of hydrogen-blended gas turbine and realizes more efficient utilization of ammonia raw material.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a combined power generation system of an ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and a hydrogen-blended gas turbine, comprising an ammonia decomposition device, a compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, a syngas turbine, a generator, a gas turbine bearing, a natural gas flow control valve, a hydrogen flow control valve, a hydrogen storage tank, a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen purification device, a natural gas source, a first syngas inlet pipe, a second syngas inlet pipe, a hydrogen inlet pipe, a gas turbine exhaust pipe, a third syngas inlet pipe, a liquid ammonia tank, a pump, and a gasification heat exchanger; the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank is pressurized by the pump and connected to the liquid ammonia input end of the gasification heat exchanger; the gaseous ammonia output end of the gasification heat exchanger is connected to the ammonia input end of the ammonia decomposition device; the compressor, gas turbine, and generator are sequentially connected via the gas turbine bearing; the compressed air input end of the combustion chamber is connected to the air output end of the compressor; the gas output end of the combustion chamber is connected to the mixed gas inlet end of the gas turbine; and the exhaust gas output end of the gas turbine is connected to the gas turbine exhaust gas inlet end. The turbine exhaust pipe is connected to the heat source input of the ammonia decomposition unit. The syngas output of the ammonia decomposition unit is connected to the inlet of the first syngas inlet pipe. The outlet of the first syngas inlet pipe is connected to the syngas input of the syngas turbine. The syngas output of the syngas turbine is connected to the heat source input of the gasification heat exchanger via the second syngas inlet pipe. The syngas after heat exchange in the gasification heat exchanger is connected to the syngas input of the hydrogen purification unit via the third syngas inlet pipe. The hydrogen output of the hydrogen purification unit is connected to the hydrogen input of the hydrogen compressor. The hydrogen output of the hydrogen compressor is connected to the hydrogen input of the hydrogen storage tank. The hydrogen output of the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the input of the hydrogen flow control valve. The output of the hydrogen flow control valve is connected to the gas input of the combustion chamber via the hydrogen inlet pipe. The natural gas output of the natural gas source is connected to the input of the natural gas flow control valve. The output of the natural gas flow control valve is connected to the gas input of the combustion chamber.

[0007] Furthermore, the gas turbine uses the high-temperature exhaust gas from the gas turbine as a heat source to input into the ammonia decomposition device. After absorbing the residual heat of the exhaust gas, the liquid ammonia undergoes thermal decomposition to generate syngas of H2 and N2.

[0008] Furthermore, the H2 and N2 syngas produced by the thermal decomposition of liquid ammonia have a higher work capacity. They are first fed into the syngas turbine for expansion and work to drive the generator to generate electricity.

[0009] Furthermore, the syngas, after being expanded by the syngas turbine, still has a certain temperature. It is first used as a heat source and passed into the gasification heat exchanger to vaporize the liquid ammonia, and then passed into the hydrogen purification unit.

[0010] Furthermore, after the syngas turbine performs work, the hydrogen purification unit separates the H2 from the syngas and feeds the H2 fuel into the combustion chamber of the hydrogen-blended gas turbine to generate electricity again.

[0011] Furthermore, the hydrogen storage tank and the hydrogen compressor constitute a hydrogen storage and pressure stabilization unit. When the hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition exceeds the fuel requirements of the hydrogen-blended gas turbine, the excess hydrogen is temporarily stored in the hydrogen tank, and the liquid ammonia supply is increased. When the hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition is insufficient for the fuel requirements of the hydrogen-blended gas turbine, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank is used to supplement it, and the liquid ammonia supply is reduced. The hydrogen storage and pressure stabilization unit plays a role in stabilizing the hydrogen output pressure and balancing fuel supply and demand.

[0012] Furthermore, the natural gas flow control valve and hydrogen flow control valve are used to adjust and control the fuel ratio fed into the hydrogen-blended gas turbine.

[0013] Furthermore, the ideal hydrogen blending ratio for the natural gas / hydrogen mixed fuel in the gas turbine is 10%-20%.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the combined power generation system of ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine described in this invention are:

[0015] (1) This invention relates to a combined power generation system of an ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and a hydrogen-blended gas turbine. The system uses liquid ammonia as a hydrogen storage carrier, separates hydrogen from the syngas produced by liquid ammonia decomposition, and supplies it to the hydrogen-blended gas turbine as hydrogen fuel. This can reduce carbon dioxide emissions and provide a more flexible and economical new approach to hydrogen blending technology for gas turbines.

[0016] (2) This invention relates to a combined power generation system of an ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and a hydrogen-blended gas turbine. The system takes into account that the hydrogen and nitrogen syngas produced by the thermal decomposition of liquid ammonia still have high power-making capacity. The syngas first drives the syngas turbine to generate electricity, forming a combined power generation system of turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine, thereby improving the power generation power of the gas turbine.

[0017] (3) This invention relates to a combined power generation system of an ammonia decomposition synthesis gas turbine and a hydrogen-blended gas turbine. The system selects the exhaust heat of the gas turbine as a heat source and promotes the decomposition of liquid ammonia under the action of a nickel-based catalyst, effectively utilizing the exhaust heat of the gas turbine and improving the thermodynamic cycle efficiency of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are intended to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are intended to explain the present invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the combined power generation system of ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine described in this invention;

[0020] Figure descriptions: 1-Ammonia decomposition unit; 2-Compressor; 3-Combustion chamber; 4-Gas turbine; 5-Synthesis gas turbine; 6-Generator; 7-Gas turbine bearing; 8-Natural gas flow control valve; 9-Hydrogen flow control valve; 10-Hydrogen storage tank; 11-Hydrogen compressor; 12-Hydrogen purification unit; 13-Natural gas source; 14-First synthesis gas inlet pipe; 15-Second synthesis gas inlet pipe; 16-Hydrogen inlet pipe; 17-Gas turbine exhaust pipe; 18-Third synthesis gas inlet pipe; 19-Liquid ammonia tank; 20-Pump; 21-Gasification heat exchanger. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, and the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0022] I. Detailed Implementation Method 1, see [link / reference] Figure 1This embodiment describes a combined power generation system of an ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and a hydrogen-blended gas turbine, comprising an ammonia decomposition unit 1, a compressor 2, a combustion chamber 3, a gas turbine 4, a syngas turbine 5, a generator 6, a gas turbine bearing 7, a natural gas flow control valve 8, a hydrogen flow control valve 9, a hydrogen storage tank 10, a hydrogen compressor 11, a hydrogen purification unit 12, a natural gas source 13, a first syngas inlet pipe 14, a second syngas inlet pipe 15, a hydrogen inlet pipe 16, a gas turbine exhaust pipe 17, a third syngas inlet pipe 18, and a liquid ammonia tank 19. Pump 20 and gasification heat exchanger 21; the liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank 19 is pressurized by pump 20 and connected to the liquid ammonia input end of the gasification heat exchanger 21. The gaseous ammonia output end of the gasification heat exchanger 21 is connected to the ammonia input end of the ammonia decomposition device 1. The compressor 2, gas turbine 4, and generator 6 are connected in sequence through gas turbine bearing 7. The compressed air input end of the combustion chamber 3 is connected to the air output end of the compressor 2. The gas output end of the combustion chamber 3 is connected to the mixed gas inlet end of the gas turbine 4. The exhaust gas output end of the gas turbine 4 is connected to the gas turbine exhaust pipe 17. The ammonia decomposition unit 1 is connected to the heat source input terminal. The syngas output terminal of the ammonia decomposition unit 1 is connected to the inlet terminal of the first syngas inlet pipe 14. The outlet terminal of the first syngas inlet pipe 14 is connected to the syngas input terminal of the syngas turbine 5. The syngas output terminal of the syngas turbine 5 is connected to the heat source input terminal of the gasification heat exchanger 21 via the second syngas inlet pipe 15. The syngas, after heat exchange in the gasification heat exchanger 21, is connected to the syngas input terminal of the hydrogen purification unit 12 via the third syngas inlet pipe 18. The hydrogen purification device 12 has its hydrogen output end connected to the hydrogen input end of the hydrogen compressor 11. The hydrogen output end of the hydrogen compressor 11 is connected to the hydrogen input end of the hydrogen storage tank 10. The hydrogen output end of the hydrogen storage tank 10 is connected to the input end of the hydrogen flow control valve 9. The output end of the hydrogen flow control valve 9 is connected to the gas input end of the combustion chamber 3 through the hydrogen inlet pipe 16. The natural gas output end of the natural gas source 13 is connected to the input end of the natural gas flow control valve 8. The output end of the natural gas flow control valve 8 is connected to the gas input end of the combustion chamber 3.

[0023] With this setup, liquid ammonia serves as the hydrogen energy storage carrier. The exhaust heat from the gas turbine is transferred to the ammonia decomposition unit 1 via the exhaust pipe 17. Under the action of a nickel-based catalyst and a high temperature of 600°C, the ammonia undergoes thermal decomposition to produce H2 and N2 syngas. This syngas is first fed into the syngas turbine 5 to generate electricity. The syngas after generating electricity can be used as a heat source to be sent to the gasification heat exchanger 21 to vaporize the liquid ammonia. The syngas with further utilization of waste heat is separated into hydrogen by the hydrogen purification unit 12. The separated hydrogen is stored at a stable output pressure in the hydrogen storage section and stored appropriately according to fuel demand. After the proportion is adjusted by the natural gas flow control valve 8 and the hydrogen flow control valve 9, it is sent to the gas turbine combustion chamber 3 for combustion and drives the gas turbine turbine 4 to generate electricity, thus realizing a combined power generation system of ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine.

[0024] The exhaust gas output of the gas turbine 4 is connected to the ammonia decomposition device 1. The high-temperature exhaust gas from the gas turbine is used as a heat source and input into the ammonia decomposition device 1. After absorbing the waste heat of the exhaust gas, the liquid ammonia undergoes thermal decomposition to generate syngas of H2 and N2. With this configuration, the waste heat recovery of the gas turbine exhaust gas solves the problem of independent heat source for the ammonia decomposition device 1, thereby improving the system's cycle thermal efficiency.

[0025] The outlet of the first syngas inlet pipe 14 is connected to the input end of the syngas turbine 5. The H2 and N2 syngas produced by the thermal decomposition of liquid ammonia have a higher work capacity. It is first introduced into the syngas turbine 5 to expand and do work, driving the generator 6 to generate electricity. This configuration fully utilizes the work capacity of the syngas, thereby increasing the output of the gas turbine.

[0026] The syngas output end of the syngas turbine 5 is connected to the heat source input end of the gasification heat exchanger 21 via the second syngas inlet pipe 15. The syngas, after being expanded and performing work by the syngas turbine 5, still retains a certain temperature. It is first used as a heat source in the gasification heat exchanger 21 to vaporize liquid ammonia, and then fed into the hydrogen purification device 12. This configuration further utilizes the work-producing capacity of the syngas, and the system does not require an additional heat source.

[0027] The outlet of the third syngas inlet pipe 18 is connected to the input end of the hydrogen purification device 12. After the syngas turbine 5 does work, the hydrogen purification device 12 separates the H2 from the syngas and feeds the H2 fuel into the combustion chamber 3 of the hydrogen-blended gas turbine to generate electricity again.

[0028] The hydrogen storage tank 10 and the hydrogen compressor 11 constitute a hydrogen storage and pressure stabilization unit. When the hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition exceeds the fuel requirements of the hydrogen-blended gas turbine, the excess hydrogen is temporarily stored in the hydrogen storage tank 10, and the liquid ammonia supply is increased. When the hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition is insufficient for the fuel requirements of the hydrogen-blended gas turbine, the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank 10 is used to supplement it, and the liquid ammonia supply is reduced. The hydrogen storage and pressure stabilization unit has the function of stabilizing the hydrogen output pressure and balancing the fuel supply and demand.

[0029] The natural gas flow control valve 8 and hydrogen flow control valve 9 are used to adjust and control the fuel ratio input to the hydrogen-blended gas turbine. This configuration allows for flexible control of the natural gas / hydrogen fuel ratio in the gas turbine within the ideal hydrogen blending range of 10%-20%, ensuring stable combustion of the flame in the combustion chamber 3.

[0030] The hydrogen-blended gas turbine is a Class F heavy-duty gas turbine for power generation, with turbine exhaust temperatures reaching approximately 600°C. With this setup, and under the influence of a catalyst and high temperature, the conversion rate of liquid ammonia decomposition can reach over 80%.

[0031] This invention selects ammonia decomposition for hydrogen production. Ammonia decomposition offers advantages such as high purity, small footprint, low cost, and no harmful byproducts, making it more suitable for the purity requirements of gas turbines. It also achieves high-efficiency conversion at lower temperatures, significantly reducing energy consumption and costs. Furthermore, ammonia is easier to liquefy, store, and transport than hydrogen, providing a new approach to hydrogen production and storage as a high-energy-density hydrogen carrier. Ammonia decomposition also allows for the recovery of industrial waste heat and tail gas residual heat.

[0032] Hydrogen-blended gas turbines contribute to low-carbon development. They utilize the waste heat from the gas turbine exhaust to heat syngas, which is produced by decomposing ammonia into hydrogen and nitrogen, and can be used as a hydrogen storage feedstock. At the same time, the syngas from ammonia decomposition still has a high work capacity. It can be first fed into a syngas turbine to do work, and then the syngas can be separated into hydrogen, thus maximizing the resource utilization of the gas turbine system. This can effectively solve the problem of hydrogen storage and production difficulties in gas turbines, and also has development prospects in the field of distributed energy power generation.

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. A combined power generation system of an ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and a hydrogen-blended gas turbine, characterized in that: Includes an ammonia decomposition unit (1), a compressor (2), a combustion chamber (3), a gas turbine (4), a syngas turbine (5), a generator (6), a gas turbine bearing (7), a natural gas flow control valve (8), a hydrogen flow control valve (9), a hydrogen storage tank (10), a hydrogen compressor (11), a hydrogen purification unit (12), a natural gas source (13), a first syngas inlet pipe (14), a second syngas inlet pipe (15), a hydrogen inlet pipe (16), a gas turbine exhaust pipe (17), a third syngas inlet pipe (18), a liquid ammonia tank (19), a pump (20), and a gasification heat exchanger. 21); The liquid ammonia in the liquid ammonia tank (19) is pressurized by the pump (20) and connected to the liquid ammonia input end of the gasification heat exchanger (21). The gaseous ammonia output end of the gasification heat exchanger (21) is connected to the ammonia input end of the ammonia decomposition device (1). The compressor (2), the gas turbine (4), and the generator (6) are connected in sequence through the gas turbine bearing (7). The compressed air input end of the combustion chamber (3) is connected to the air output end of the compressor (2). The gas output end of the combustion chamber (3) is connected to the mixed gas inlet end of the gas turbine (4). The exhaust gas output end of the gas turbine (4) is connected to the gas turbine exhaust pipe ( 17) Connected to the heat source input end of the ammonia decomposition unit (1), the syngas output end of the ammonia decomposition unit (1) is connected to the inlet end of the first syngas inlet pipe (14), the outlet end of the first syngas inlet pipe (14) is connected to the syngas input end of the syngas turbine (5), the syngas output end of the syngas turbine (5) is connected to the heat source input end of the gasification heat exchanger (21) through the second syngas inlet pipe (15), and the syngas after heat exchange by the gasification heat exchanger (21) is connected to the syngas input end of the hydrogen purification unit (12) through the third syngas inlet pipe (18). The hydrogen output end of the device (12) is connected to the hydrogen input end of the hydrogen compressor (11), the hydrogen output end of the hydrogen compressor (11) is connected to the hydrogen input end of the hydrogen storage tank (10), the hydrogen output end of the hydrogen storage tank (10) is connected to the input end of the hydrogen flow control valve (9), the output end of the hydrogen flow control valve (9) is connected to the gas input end of the combustion chamber (3) through the hydrogen inlet pipe (16), the natural gas output end of the natural gas source (13) is connected to the input end of the natural gas flow control valve (8), and the output end of the natural gas flow control valve (8) is connected to the gas input end of the combustion chamber (3). The hydrogen storage tank (10) and the hydrogen compressor (11) constitute a hydrogen storage and pressure stabilization section. When the amount of hydrogen produced by ammonia decomposition exceeds the fuel required by the hydrogen-blended gas turbine, the excess hydrogen is temporarily stored in the hydrogen storage tank (10), and the amount of liquid ammonia supplied is increased.

2. The combined power generation system of ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas turbine (4) uses the high-temperature exhaust gas from the gas turbine as a heat source to input into the ammonia decomposition device (1). After absorbing the residual heat of the exhaust gas, the liquid ammonia undergoes thermal decomposition to generate syngas of H2 and N2.

3. The combined power generation system of ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The H2 and N2 syngas produced by the thermal decomposition of liquid ammonia have a higher power-making capacity. They are first fed into the syngas turbine (5) to expand and do work, driving the generator (6) to generate electricity.

4. The combined power generation system of ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Syngas, after being expanded and worked by the syngas turbine (5), still has a certain temperature. It is first used as a heat source and passed into the gasification heat exchanger (21) to vaporize the liquid ammonia, and then passed into the hydrogen purification device (12).

5. The combined power generation system of ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the synthesis gas turbine (5) does work, the hydrogen purification unit (12) separates the H2 from the synthesis gas and feeds the H2 fuel into the combustion chamber (3) of the hydrogen-blended gas turbine to generate electricity again.

6. The combined power generation system of ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the amount of hydrogen produced by ammonia decomposition is insufficient for the fuel required by the hydrogen-blended gas turbine, hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage tank (10) is used to supplement it and reduce the amount of liquid ammonia supplied. The hydrogen storage and pressure stabilization section plays a role in stabilizing the hydrogen output pressure and balancing the fuel supply and demand.

7. The combined power generation system of ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natural gas flow control valve (8) and hydrogen flow control valve (9) are used to adjust and control the fuel ratio of the hydrogen-blended gas turbine.

8. The combined power generation system of ammonia decomposition syngas turbine and hydrogen-blended gas turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ideal hydrogen blending ratio for the gas turbine's natural gas / hydrogen mixed fuel is 10%-20%.

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