A new set of three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction technology methods

Abstract

A new three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction technology method. At least three control points are arranged at the entrance and exit of the cavern as known observation points. A first prism and a second prism are erected within a distance of 10 - 200 m from the total station station. The first prism and the second prism are respectively erected on both sides of the cavern so that they can respectively communicate with the first total station station. The total station selects the learning measurement mode, sets the number of observation sets, takes any point among the known observation points as the starting point, and manually aligns and observes each observation point in a clockwise order in turn. After the known observation points and the first prism and the second prism have completed the learning observations in turn, measure and store. After the learning measurement is completed, start the observation. The total station automatically observes the learned observation points. After observing according to the set number of observation sets, measure and store. After the observation of this station is completed, turn off the total station and proceed to the observation of the next station until the observation is completed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-grade three-dimensional coordinate conduction in precision engineering, and in particular to a new set of three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction technology methods. Background Art

[0002] At present, three-dimensional coordinate conduction still mainly uses traditional trigonometric leveling or improved trigonometric leveling methods. The fundamental reason for its conduction accuracy level of third-class and below is that it is impossible to completely avoid the influence of instrument centering error and atmospheric shading error on the measurement accuracy.

[0003] Traverse surveying and various improved traverse surveying methods such as CPⅡ and CPⅢ are limited by instrument centering accuracy, angle measurement accuracy, etc., and can only meet the requirements of two-dimensional coordinate or elevation coordinate conduction. Moreover, their layout patterns have high requirements and narrow application ranges; although the accuracy of traditional geometric leveling or precise electronic leveling methods can meet the requirements of second-class and above, they can only measure elevation coordinates; neither of them can meet the requirement of realizing precise three-dimensional coordinate conduction by single measurement.

[0004] For precision engineering surveying, especially for underground engineering surveying with complex terrain, it is particularly important to carry out research on high-precision (second-class and above) three-dimensional coordinate conduction methods and layout underground construction control networks. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to solve the problems existing in the above background art and provide a new set of three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction technology methods. This method effectively avoids the centering error during the erection of the measuring instrument and the prism, so that there is no accumulation and propagation of the station erection error on the measurement route, thereby effectively improving the measurement accuracy, and the erection of the instrument and the prism station is flexible, convenient and has high working efficiency.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical features, the object of the present invention is achieved as follows: a new set of three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction technology methods, which includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. At least three control points are arranged at the entrance and exit of the cavern as known observation points;

[0008] S2. The total station is placed at the middle position of at least three control points at the entrance of the cavern as the first total station measuring station, so that the total station and each known observation point are visible;

[0009] S3. Input the humidity and air pressure parameters of the observation point into the total station;

[0010] S4. A first prism and a second prism are erected within a distance of 10 - 200 m from the total station measuring station. The first prism and the second prism are respectively erected on both sides of the cavern so that they can respectively be visible to the first total station measuring station;

[0011] S5. Align the precision prisms at the known observation points and the first and second prism stations with the first total station station respectively, and input the fixed height of the calibrated prism into the total station.

[0012] S6. The total station selects the learning measurement mode, sets the number of observation sets, takes any point among the known observation points as the starting point, manually aligns and observes each observation point clockwise in sequence. After the known observation points and the first and second prisms have completed the learning observations in sequence, measure and store the data.

[0013] S7. After the learning measurement is completed, start the observation. The total station automatically observes the learned observation points. After observing according to the set number of sets, measure and store the data. After the observation of this station is completed, turn off the total station and proceed to the next station for observation.

[0014] S8. Move the total station to the middle position between the first and second prisms and the adjacent known observation point as the second total station station for setting up. According to S4, select a suitable position within a range of 10 - 200 m from the total station, set up the third and fourth prisms on both sides of the cavern respectively, and repeat S3 - S7 until the observation is completed.

[0015] S9. At the end of each station's observation, move the two subsequent prisms forward to the next station, and move the total station to the middle position between the four front and rear prisms for observation again. When observing, observe the laid - out control points and the intermittent control points together until the observation of all stations is completed, forming a closed loop or closing to other known observation points.

[0016] In the preferred solution, before S2, it also includes numbering and detecting the total station and the supporting prisms. Only after passing the detection can they be used for precise three - dimensional coordinate conduction.

[0017] In the preferred solution, the total station is required to have an accuracy of 1″ or above, the prism is a precision prism, and the support uses a wooden tripod or an aluminum alloy tripod.

[0018] In the preferred solution, in S3, place the dry - wet thermometer and the barometer near the total station in a cool place 1.2 - 1.5 m above the ground for 3 - 5 minutes, read the dry - wet temperature difference, and the relative humidity of the air at that time can be found from the conversion table attached to the humidity meter.

[0019] In the preferred solution, in S5, when the relative ranging fixed constant correction number b0 of the first and second prisms detected > ±0.3 mm, it is necessary to input the prism constant corresponding to the detection number.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] A new three-dimensional coordinate precision conduction technology method effectively avoids the centering error during the erection of measuring instruments and prisms, so that there is no accumulation and propagation of station erection errors on the measurement route, thereby effectively improving the measurement accuracy, and the erection of instruments and prism stations is flexible, convenient and highly efficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the octahedron prism observation of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the hexahedron prism observation of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the tetrahedron prism observation of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 It is the layout diagram of the diversion system control survey in the second embodiment.

[0026] In the figure: the known observation points at the inlet are J01~J04, the known observation points at the outlet are C01~C04, the prism stations are LTP01~LTP08, the total station survey stations are YTP0~YTP06, and the intermittent control points are TP01~TP08. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0027] The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.

[0028] 1. Observation condition requirements:

[0029] (1) A total station, prism or reflector group that has passed the inspection (the inspection method can be found in the patent: ZL202010450207.4).

[0030] (2) The total station is required to have an accuracy of 1″ or above, the prism is a precision prism, and the support is a wooden tripod or an aluminum alloy tripod.

[0031] (3) The starting point observation angle has at least three observation directions and the angle is not less than 90°, and the observation sight distance is selected corresponding to the requirements of different accuracy levels in the technical indicators.

[0032] (4) The ground observation meteorological parameters need to be input for each survey station, and for underground observations, it can be input once for several survey stations according to the temperature and terrain changes.

[0033] 2. Observation technical requirements:

[0034] (1) Accuracy requirements for observation instruments

[0035] .

[0036] (2) Observation technical indicators

[0037] 。

[0038] 3. Observation techniques and methods:

[0039] (1)Scope of application of the method

[0040] The precise three-dimensional coordinate conduction method can be divided into the "octagonal prism method", the "hexagonal prism method" and the "quadrangular prism method". Among them, the "octagonal prism method" can form a double line for verification, and the measurement line can be observed once, without the need for round-trip measurement. It is applicable to the three-dimensional coordinate conduction of closed traverse, attached traverse and connecting traverse methods, and the accuracy can meet the requirements of second-class and above. When conducting three-dimensional coordinate conduction under closed conditions, the "hexagonal prism method" does not require round-trip measurement, and in other cases, round-trip measurement is required to meet the second-class accuracy requirements. The "quadrangular prism method" requires round-trip measurement in all cases. When conducting underground precise engineering surveys with complex observation conditions, many obstacles and inconvenient observation of multiple prisms, the "quadrangular prism method" can be considered. The difference between this method and the previous two is the single prism station transfer, with relatively low efficiency, but the accuracy can also meet the second-class accuracy requirements.

[0041] (2)Implementation steps

[0042] Taking the chamber measurement as an example, at least 3 control points are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the chamber as starting points and attached points. Control points are arranged in the chamber as needed, and intermittent control points need to be arranged on the observation line. The intermittent control points are arranged using reflective sheets or forced centering observation piers to improve the measurement accuracy. Four intermittent points are arranged in each group, and the direction of the reflective sheet faces the approximate position of the instrument setup. Taking the "octagonal prism method" as an example (the "hexagonal prism method" and the "quadrangular prism method" are similar, where the first two are double-station prism station transfers and the "quadrangular prism method" is a single prism station transfer).

[0043] Step 1: Number the total station and the supporting prism and conduct inspections according to "A New Method for Detecting the Constants of Precision Distance Measuring Instruments" (ZL202010450207.4). It can be used for precise three-dimensional coordinate conduction only after passing the inspection.

[0044] Step 2: Place the inspected total station at a general position among the known points J01, J02, J03, and J04 at the entrance of the cave, so that the total station and each known observation point are visible to each other.

[0045] Step 3: Place the dry and wet thermometer and barometer near the total station at a height of 1.2 - 1.5 meters above the ground in a shaded place for 3 - 5 minutes, read the dry and wet temperature difference, and the relative humidity of the air at that time can be found from the comparison table attached to the humidity meter. Input the air pressure and humidity into the total station.

[0046] Step 4: Within a distance of 170 m from the total station measuring station, select appropriate positions to set up two groups of qualified prisms LTP01 and LTP02 on both sides of the tunnel respectively, so that they can be in visual communication with the first total station measuring station YTP0 respectively.

[0047] Step 5: Align the precision prisms at the known points J01 - J04 and the unknown points LTP01 and LTP02 measuring stations with the total station measuring station YTP0 respectively. Measure the prism heights of J01 - J04 and input them into the total station. For LTP01 and LTP02, there is no need to measure the prism heights, but the corresponding prism constants detected in Step 1 need to be input (if the detected relative ranging fixed constant correction b0 ≤ ±0.3 mm, this step can be omitted).

[0048] Step 6: The total station selects the learning measurement mode, sets the number of observation sets. Taking any point (such as J02) as the starting point, manually align and observe each observation point J01, J03, LTP01, LTP02, J04 in clockwise order. After each observation completes the learning observation in turn, click "Measure and Save".

[0049] Step 7: After the learning measurement is completed, click "Start". The total station automatically observes the learned observation points. After observing according to the set number of sets, click "Measure and Save". After the observation of this measuring station is completed, turn off the total station and proceed to the next measuring station for observation.

[0050] Step 8: Move the total station to the middle position among J03, J04, LTP01, and LTP02 for station setting. In the same way as in Step 4, within a range of 170 m from the total station, select appropriate positions and set up the LTP03 and LTP04 prism stations on both sides of the tunnel respectively. Repeat Steps 3 to 7 until the observation is completed.

[0051] Step 9: After each observation station is completed, move the latter two prisms LTP01 and LTP02 forward for station transfer. Move the instrument to the approximate middle position of the front and back four prisms for observation again. When observing, observe the laid control points J01 - J04 and the intermittent control points TP01 - TP04 together. Follow the arrow direction in the figure until all measuring stations are observed to form a closed loop or close to other known observation points.

[0052] 4. Precision Evaluation

[0053] Taking the precise three - dimensional coordinate conduction of the control survey of a hydropower station's water intake and power generation system as an example, the "eight - prism" method is used for observation verification. The distance from the central area of the spillway construction control network to the central area of the powerhouse construction control network of this power station is about 0.6 km, and the total length of the ground and underground control survey lines is about 1.2 km. The total number of station - setting times is 6 times. For the detailed layout, see Figure 4, Layout drawing of control survey for water diversion system. For the control survey of Tunnel 1# and Tunnel 2# of the water diversion tunnel, precise three-dimensional coordinate transfer measurement technology and method are used for observation. The measurement results are shown in Table 3 Accuracy Table of Coincidence Points for Control Survey of Water Diversion Tunnel:

[0054] Table 3 Accuracy Table of Coincidence Points for Control Survey of Water Diversion Tunnel

[0055]

[0056] As can be seen from the above table, the maximum error of the plane coordinates of the measurement results is 2.7 mm, and the maximum elevation error is 1.5 mm. The maximum relative closing error of the total length per kilometer is 1 / 150000 < 1 / 110000, meeting the technical requirements of second-class traverse survey; the maximum accidental error of elevation per kilometer is 0.49 mm < 1 mm, meeting the technical requirements of national second-class leveling survey. For details, please refer to the relevant provisions of the Specifications for Construction Survey of Hydropower and Water Conservancy Projects SL 52-2015 and Specifications for First and Second-Class Leveling Survey of the People's Republic of China GB / T 12897-2016.

[0057] After long-term technical verification, this method has strong reliability and high precision, can be used for related operations of precise three-dimensional coordinate conduction, has been applied in multiple power stations for many years, and is supported by a large amount of data, meeting the conditions for popularization and application.

[0058] Regarding the selection of "octahedron method", "hexahedron method" and "tetrahedron method":

[0059] 1. The reason for choosing an even number of prisms is to make the front and back views symmetrical. Under complex terrain conditions, the number of prisms can be increased to complete the observation task without affecting the observation accuracy.

[0060] 2. The reason for choosing the tetrahedron method is that according to survey theory, when using the resection method for measurement, at least two known control points for forward and backward sighting are required for distance measurement and angle measurement. Therefore, the simplest and most precise three-dimensional coordinate conduction method is the tetrahedron method. However, for both connecting traverse, attached traverse and closed traverse, reciprocal measurements are required to meet the accuracy requirements.

[0061] 3. The reason for choosing the hexahedron method is that a set of prisms is added on the basis of the tetrahedron method to increase the constraint conditions, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the accuracy. At least one prism should be added in the front and back respectively to minimize the influence of atmospheric refraction error on the accuracy. This method is applicable to precise three-dimensional coordinate conduction with known coincidence points and does not require reciprocal measurements. For other coordinate conductions without known closed points, reciprocal measurements are still required.

[0062] 4. The reasons for choosing the octagonal prism mainly consider that when the observation line of sight in the underground chamber is poor, or even the sight cannot be achieved at individual points, or individual prisms move during the observation process, the measurement accuracy of the octagonal prism method can be guaranteed. This method is the simplest mode of the round-trip measurement of the quadrangular prism. Whether for connecting traverse, attached traverse or closed traverse, this method does not require round-trip measurement, which can greatly improve the efficiency while ensuring the accuracy.

[0063] 5. Selecting the odd prism observation method cannot eliminate the atmospheric refraction difference between the front and rear sight distances and the instrument fixed constant error; selecting the prism method with three or fewer prisms for observation does not meet the principle of resection measurement and cannot ensure that the measurement accuracy meets the requirements of second-class and above; selecting the prism method with nine or more prisms for observation results in too many prisms, low observation efficiency and difficult control of the errors between prisms.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional coordinate conduction method, characterized in that, It includes the following steps: S1. At least three control points are arranged at the inlet and outlet of the chamber respectively as known observation points; S2. The total station is placed at the middle position of at least three control points at the inlet of the chamber as the first total station measuring station (YTP0), so that the total station and each known observation point are visible to each other; S3. Input the humidity and air pressure parameters of the observation points into the total station; S4. A first prism (LTP01) and a second prism (LTP02) are erected within a distance of 10 - 200 m from the total station measuring station. The first prism (LTP01) and the second prism (LTP02) are respectively erected on both sides of the chamber so that they can be visible to the first total station measuring station (YTP0) respectively; S5. Align the prisms at the known observation points and on the first prism (LTP01) and the second prism (LTP02) measuring stations with the first total station measuring station (YTP0) respectively, and input the fixed height of the calibrated prism into the total station; S6. The total station selects the learning measurement mode, sets the number of observation sets. Taking any point among the known observation points as the starting point, manually align and observe each observation point in clockwise order. After the known observation points and the first prism (LTP01) and the second prism (LTP02) complete the learning observation in sequence, measure and store; S7. After the learning measurement is completed, start the observation. The total station automatically observes the learned observation points. After observing according to the set number of observation sets, measure and store. After the observation of this measuring station is completed, turn off the total station and proceed to the next measuring station for observation; S8. Move the total station to the middle position between the first prism (LTP01) and the second prism (LTP02) and the adjacent known observation point as the second total station measuring station (YTP01) for setting up the station. According to S4, within a range of 10 - 200 m from the total station, select a suitable position and erect a third prism (LTP03) and a fourth prism (LTP04) on both sides of the chamber respectively, and repeat S3 - S7 until the observation is completed; S9. At the end of each observation of a station, move the latter two prisms forward to the next station, and move the total station to the middle position between the front and back four prisms for observation again. When observing, observe the arranged control points and the intermittent control points together until all the measuring stations are observed and a closed loop is formed or closed to other known observation points; The number of prisms used in each measurement is four, or six, or eight.

2. The three-dimensional coordinate conduction method according to claim 1, wherein Before S2, it also includes numbering and detecting the total station and the supporting prisms. Only after passing the detection can it be used for three - dimensional coordinate conduction.

3. The three-dimensional coordinate conduction method according to claim 2, wherein The total station requires an accuracy of 1″ or above, and the support uses a wooden tripod or an aluminum alloy tripod.

4. A three-dimensional coordinate conduction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S3, place the dry - wet thermometer and the barometer near the total station at a height of 1.2 - 1.5 m above the ground in a shady place for 3 - 5 minutes, read the dry - wet temperature difference, and find out the relative humidity of the air at that time from the conversion table attached to the dry - wet thermometer.

5. A three-dimensional coordinate conduction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In S5, when the relative ranging fixed constant correction number b0 of the first prism (LTP01) and the second prism (LTP02) detected > ±0.3 mm, it is necessary to input the prism constant corresponding to the detected number.

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