4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, belong to space heat control, heat exchanger field;Including low-temperature steam pipeline, medium-temperature steam pipeline, high-temperature steam pipeline, end and wick;Low-temperature steam pipeline, medium-temperature steam pipeline, high-temperature steam pipeline are the pipeline of one end opening and the other end closed;End is installed in the opening end of low-temperature steam pipeline, realizes sealing;Medium-temperature steam pipeline is set in the lower of low-temperature steam pipeline, and medium-temperature steam pipeline opening end is communicated with low-temperature steam pipeline;High-temperature steam pipeline is set in the lower of medium-temperature steam pipeline, and high-temperature steam pipeline opening end is communicated with low-temperature steam pipeline;The inner wall of low-temperature steam pipeline, medium-temperature steam pipeline, high-temperature steam pipeline, end is attached and set wick;The present application is when external environment is higher, it is enhanced to radiate heat, lower, reduce radiating heat, two states of enhancing radiating heat and reducing radiating heat can be realized by a heat pipe technical scheme, with bidirectional unity.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the field of space heat control and heat exchanger, and relates to a 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of multi-functionality and high integration of spacecraft, the internal environment stability of the spacecraft where the equipment is located is put to a greater test. From the perspective of spacecraft thermal control system, the heat generated by different workloads of the equipment and the thermal stability of keeping the environment around the equipment within a certain temperature range are key factors to determine the reliable and smooth work of the equipment. At the same time, from the perspective of resource allocation, ensuring a small amount of heat dissipation of the internal environment temperature of the spacecraft cabin with active temperature control is a powerful means to reduce the waste of the whole satellite resources.

[0003] In a spacecraft, there is a device with different workloads in different working modes. When the device works under high load, the heat generated by the device can make the surface temperature of the device exceed 70 DEG C, and even appear higher than 110 DEG C for a short time. When the device works under medium load, the heat generated by the device can make the surface temperature of the device exceed 30 DEG C. When the device works under low load standby or shutdown, the device generates little heat or no heat. During the whole orbit period of the spacecraft, the minimum temperature of the device surface is lower than 30 DEG C, and even lower than -20 DEG C without active temperature control. The optimal use temperature of the device is 10 DEG C-80 DEG C. When the temperature is higher than the optimal use temperature, the risk of high-temperature damage to the internal electronic devices of the device increases dramatically. When the temperature is lower than the optimal use temperature, the device needs to be actively controlled to the optimal use temperature range, and the device has a permanent damage risk when started at a too low temperature. Under this background, how to solve the problem of rapid heat dissipation of the device under high load and the problem of keeping the device warm to a certain extent and reducing heat dissipation under standby or shutdown state of the device are key problems to be solved in the field. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem solved by the application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, which can enhance heat dissipation when the external environment is high and reduce heat dissipation when the external environment is low. The two states of enhancing heat dissipation and reducing heat dissipation can be realized by one heat pipe technical solution, and the two states have bidirectional unity.

[0005] The technical solution of the application is as follows:

[0006] The application discloses a 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, which comprises a low-temperature steam pipeline, a medium-temperature steam pipeline, a high-temperature steam pipeline, an end head and a liquid absorbing core.

[0007] In the 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, the low-temperature steam pipeline is made of a common pipe shell; the medium-temperature steam pipeline is made of a 4D printing pipe shell and a common pipe shell which are axially butted; the high-temperature steam pipeline is made of a 4D printing pipe shell and a common pipe shell which are axially butted; the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline is located at a bending section of the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the low-temperature steam pipeline, and the common pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline is coaxially butted with the bending section; the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline is located at a bending section of the high-temperature steam pipeline and the low-temperature steam pipeline, and the common pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline is coaxially butted with the bending section.

[0008] In the 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, the low-temperature steam pipeline, the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline are axially divided into heat absorption zones, heat insulation zones and heat dissipation zones; the pipelines in the heat absorption zones are installed in the cabin plates of the spacecraft equipment installation areas; the pipelines in the heat insulation zones are installed in the cabin plates of the spacecrafts which do not need heat dissipation and avoid heat source interference; and the pipelines in the heat dissipation zones are installed in the cabin plates of the spacecraft heat dissipation surfaces.

[0009] In the 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, one end of the low-temperature steam pipeline end head, the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline are located in the heat absorption zones; the middle sections of the low-temperature steam pipeline, the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline are located in the heat insulation zones; and the closed sections of the low-temperature steam pipeline, the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline are located in the heat dissipation zones.

[0010] In the 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, the liquid absorbing core comprises a pressing net and a capillary porous composite material; the capillary porous composite material is attached to the inner wall of the pipeline, the inner wall of the capillary porous composite material is provided with a ring-shaped pressing net, and the capillary porous composite material is bound to the inner wall of the pipeline through the pressing net.

[0011] In the above-mentioned 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, when in the low-temperature state, the inner walls of the 4D printing pipe shells of the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline are radially deformed inward; the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline are not communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline;

[0012] When in the medium-temperature state, the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline is deformed to recover, the medium-temperature steam pipeline is communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline; the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline is still deformed inward along the radial direction, and the high-temperature steam pipeline is not communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline;

[0013] When in the high-temperature state, the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline is deformed to recover, the high-temperature steam pipeline is communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline; at this time, the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline are both communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline.

[0014] In the above-mentioned 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, the low-temperature state is that the ambient temperature is less than 30℃; the medium-temperature state is that the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 30℃ and less than 70℃; and the high-temperature state is that the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 70℃.

[0015] In the above-mentioned 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, when in the high-temperature state, the cross sections of the pressure nets in the low-temperature steam pipeline, the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline are all sawtooth shapes, the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline are both communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline; when in the medium-temperature state, the cross sections of the pressure nets in the low-temperature steam pipeline and the medium-temperature steam pipeline are sawtooth shapes, the cross section of the pressure net in the high-temperature steam pipeline is smaller and is in a circular ring shape under the inward extrusion of the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline, the medium-temperature steam pipeline is communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline, and the high-temperature steam pipeline is not communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline; when in the low-temperature state, the cross section of the pressure net in the medium-temperature steam pipeline is smaller and is in a circular ring shape under the inward extrusion of the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline, the cross section of the pressure net in the high-temperature steam pipeline is smaller and is in a circular ring shape under the inward extrusion of the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline, and the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline are both not communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline.

[0016] In the above-mentioned 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, the working process of the temperature control heat pipe is as follows:

[0017] When in the low-temperature state, the medium is in a liquid state and located in the wick of the heat-absorbing area of the low-temperature steam pipeline; at this time, the 4D printing pipe shell inner wall of the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline is deformed at low temperature; the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline are not communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline; the medium flows along the wick of the low-temperature steam pipeline from the heat-absorbing area to the heat-dissipating area; and in the process of medium flow, gradually vaporizes until it becomes saturated steam medium; after the steam medium reaches the heat-dissipating area, it is heat-dissipated in the heat-dissipating area, liquefied and re-converted into liquid medium, and flows back from the heat-dissipating area to the heat-absorbing area under the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material in the low-temperature steam pipeline;

[0018] When in the medium-temperature state, the 4D printing pipe shell inner wall of the medium-temperature steam pipeline is deformed and recovered, and the medium-temperature steam pipeline is communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline; the medium is in a liquid state, and part of the liquid medium flows from the wick of the heat-absorbing area of the low-temperature steam pipeline into the wick in the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline; the medium flows along the wick of the low-temperature steam pipeline from the heat-absorbing area to the heat-dissipating area; and in the process of medium flow, gradually vaporizes until it becomes saturated steam medium; after the steam medium reaches the heat-dissipating area, it is heat-dissipated in the heat-dissipating area, liquefied and re-converted into liquid medium, and flows back from the heat-dissipating area to the heat-absorbing area under the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material in the low-temperature steam pipeline; at the same time, the medium flows along the wick of the medium-temperature steam pipeline from the heat-absorbing area to the heat-dissipating area; and in the process of medium flow, gradually vaporizes until it becomes saturated steam medium; after the steam medium reaches the heat-dissipating area, it is heat-dissipated in the heat-dissipating area, liquefied and re-converted into liquid medium, and flows back from the heat-dissipating area to the heat-absorbing area under the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material in the medium-temperature steam pipeline;

[0019] When in a high-temperature state, the 4D printing pipe shell inner wall of the high-temperature steam pipeline deforms and recovers, the medium is in a liquid state, part of the liquid medium flows from the wick of the heat absorption area of the low-temperature steam pipeline into the wick in the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline, and part of the liquid medium flows from the wick of the heat absorption area of the low-temperature steam pipeline into the wick in the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline; and in the process of medium flow, gradually vaporizes until it becomes saturated steam medium; after the steam medium reaches the heat dissipation area, it is heat-dissipated in the heat dissipation area, liquefied and re-converted into liquid medium, and driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material in the low-temperature steam pipeline, flows back from the heat dissipation area to the heat absorption area; at the same time, the medium flows along the wick of the medium-temperature steam pipeline from the heat absorption area to the heat dissipation area; and in the process of medium flow, gradually vaporizes until it becomes saturated steam medium; after the steam medium reaches the heat dissipation area, it is heat-dissipated in the heat dissipation area, liquefied and re-converted into liquid medium, and driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material in the medium-temperature steam pipeline, flows back from the heat dissipation area to the heat absorption area; at the same time, the medium flows along the wick of the high-temperature steam pipeline from the heat absorption area to the heat dissipation area; and in the process of medium flow, gradually vaporizes until it becomes saturated steam medium; after the steam medium reaches the heat dissipation area, it is heat-dissipated in the heat dissipation area, liquefied and re-converted into liquid medium, and driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material in the high-temperature steam pipeline, flows back from the heat dissipation area to the heat absorption area.

[0020] In the above-mentioned 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, the low-temperature steam pipeline adopts a metal-based material with thermal conductivity; the 4D printing pipe shell adopts an alloy material with thermal conductivity and memory; the ordinary pipe shell adopts an alloy material with thermal conductivity and without memory; the outer walls of the low-temperature steam pipeline, the medium-temperature steam pipeline and the high-temperature steam pipeline located in the heat insulation area are coated or insulated with vacuum and heat insulation materials to realize isolation from the equipment installed on the cabin plate.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0022] (1) The present application changes the local structure shape of the heat pipe in the heat absorption area, reduces the flow resistance of the fluid medium in the pipe, increases the flow area, thereby increasing the heat exchange area, and at the same time, increases the heat dissipation surface of the heat pipe radiating to the outside which is connected between the heat dissipation area and the heat absorption area, and finally achieves the goal of enhancing heat dissipation. Compared with the ordinary heat pipe, the present application is beneficial to expand the heat dissipation capacity of the heat pipe;

[0023] (2) The present application changes the local structure shape of the heat pipe in the heat absorption area, increases the flow resistance of the fluid medium in the pipe, reduces the flow area, thereby reducing the heat exchange area, and at the same time, reduces the heat dissipation surface of the heat pipe radiating to the outside which is connected between the heat dissipation area and the heat absorption area, and finally achieves the goal of reducing heat dissipation. Compared with the ordinary heat pipe, the present application is beneficial to realize heat preservation of the equipment;

[0024] (3) The application can enhance heat dissipation when the temperature of the device rises, and can reduce heat dissipation when the temperature decreases, thereby realizing bidirectional selectivity and bidirectional uniformity of functions under different requirements through 4D printing technology, and having intelligent regulation and control under temperature stimulation to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is an axial partition schematic diagram of the temperature control heat pipe of the application;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a position schematic diagram of the 4D printing pipe shell and the ordinary pipe shell of the application;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell without deformation;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell with deformation;

[0029] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the pipeline under low temperature;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the pipeline under medium temperature;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the pipeline under high temperature.

[0032] Reference signs:

[0033] 1 - low-temperature steam pipeline; 2 - medium-temperature steam pipeline; 3 - high-temperature steam pipeline; 4 - end; 5 - wick; 51 - pressure net; 52 - capillary porous composite material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The application will be further described below in combination with examples.

[0035] The application provides a 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe, which can enhance heat dissipation when the external environment is high, and reduce heat dissipation when the external environment is low, and has bidirectional selectivity; the two states of enhancing heat dissipation and reducing heat dissipation can be realized through one heat pipe technical scheme, and have bidirectional uniformity.

[0036] The 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe is, for example, Figures 1-2As shown, it specifically comprises low-temperature steam pipeline 1, medium-temperature steam pipeline 2, high-temperature steam pipeline 3, end 4 and liquid absorption core 5; wherein, the low-temperature steam pipeline 1 is horizontally placed; the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are pipelines with one end open and the other end closed; the end 4 is installed at the open end of the low-temperature steam pipeline 1 to seal the low-temperature steam pipeline 1; the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 is arranged below the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, and the open end of the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 is in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline 1; the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 is arranged below the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2, and the open end of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 is in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline 1; the joint of the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the low-temperature steam pipeline 1 is located at one end of the low-temperature steam pipeline 1 where the end 4 is installed; the joint of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 and the low-temperature steam pipeline 1 is located at one end of the low-temperature steam pipeline 1 where the end 4 is installed; the inner walls of the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2, the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 and the end 4 are attached with the liquid absorption core 5.

[0037] As shown in Figure 2 The low-temperature steam pipeline 1 is made of a common pipe shell; the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 is made of a 4D printed pipe shell and a common pipe shell which are axially butted; the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 is made of a 4D printed pipe shell and a common pipe shell which are axially butted; wherein, the 4D printed pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 is located at the bending section of the joint of the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, and the common pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 is coaxially butted with the bending section; the 4D printed pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 is located at the bending section of the joint of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 and the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, and the common pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 is coaxially butted with the bending section.

[0038] The materials of the three pipelines are very important design points, specifically, the low-temperature steam pipeline 1 adopts a metal-based material with thermal conductivity; the 4D printed pipe shell adopts an alloy material with thermal conductivity and memory; the common pipe shell adopts an alloy material with thermal conductivity but without memory; the outer walls of the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 located in the heat insulation area are coated or insulated with vacuum and heat insulation materials to realize isolation from the equipment installed on the deck.

[0039] The heat pipe designed in the application mainly includes three regions of a heat absorption region, an adiabatic region and a heat dissipation region, the heat absorption region is generally at the installation surface of the equipment needing heat dissipation, the adiabatic region is outside the equipment installation range, and the heat dissipation region is in the outer cold space of the non-sunlight-irradiated surface of the spacecraft, wherein the 4D printing pipe shell section and the ordinary pipe shell section are uniformly processed into an integral pipe shell, the 4D printing pipe shell section is placed in the heat absorption region of the heat pipe, and can be deformed in the pipe under different temperature excitations, so as to increase or reduce the flow resistance of the steam medium in the heat pipe, guide the steam to flow in the low-resistance region, change the heat exchange area in the process of temperature change, and finally realize the target that the heat pipe has different heat dissipation capacities under different temperatures.

[0040] Specifically, the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are divided into the heat absorption region, the adiabatic region and the heat dissipation region along the pipeline axial direction; the pipeline located in the heat absorption region is installed in the cabin plate of the spacecraft equipment installation area; the pipeline located in the adiabatic region is installed in the cabin plate of the spacecraft which does not need heat dissipation and avoids the interference of heat sources; the pipeline located in the heat dissipation region is installed in the cabin plate of the spacecraft heat dissipation surface; one end of the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are located in the heat absorption region; the middle sections of the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are located in the adiabatic region; the closed sections of the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are located in the heat dissipation region, as shown in Figure 1 .

[0041] The liquid absorption core 5 in the application is a variable structure, and the specific design is shown in Figure 3 . The liquid absorption core 5 includes a pressure net 51 and a capillary porous composite material 52; the capillary porous composite material 52 is attached to the inner wall of the pipeline, and the inner wall of the capillary porous composite material 52 is provided with a ring-shaped pressure net 51; the capillary porous composite material 52 is bound to the inner wall of the pipeline through the pressure net 51.

[0042] When in a low-temperature state, the inner walls of the 4D printing pipe shells of the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are deformed and expanded radially inward, as shown in Figure 4 , the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are not communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline 1;

[0043] When in a medium-temperature state, the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 is deformed and recovered, and the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 is communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, as shown in Figure 3The inner wall of the 4D printed pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 still expands radially inwardly, and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 is not in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, as shown in Figure 4

[0044] When in the high-temperature state, the 4D printed pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 deforms to recover, and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 is in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline 1; at this time, the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are both in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, as shown in Figure 3

[0045] In the present application, the low-temperature state, the medium-temperature state and the high-temperature state are defined as follows: the low-temperature state is that the ambient temperature is less than 30 DEG C; the medium-temperature state is that the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 30 DEG C and less than 70 DEG C; and the high-temperature state is that the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 70 DEG C.

[0046] When in the high-temperature state, the cross sections of the pressure grids 51 in the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are all sawtooth shapes, as shown in Figure 3 The medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are both in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline 1; when in the medium-temperature state, the cross sections of the pressure grids 51 in the low-temperature steam pipeline 1 and the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 are sawtooth shapes, as shown in Figure 3 The cross section of the pressure grid 51 in the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 is smaller in inner diameter and is in a circular ring shape under the inward extrusion of the inner wall of the 4D printed pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3, as shown in Figure 4 At this time, the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 is in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline 1, and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 is not in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline 1; when in the low-temperature state, the cross sections of the pressure grids 51 in the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are smaller in inner diameter and are in circular ring shapes under the inward extrusion of the inner walls of the 4D printed pipe shells of the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3, as shown in Figure 4 At this time, the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 are both not in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline 1.

[0047] The working process of the temperature-controlled heat pipe is as follows:

[0048] As Figure 5 ​​As shown, when the device is in low load or shutdown, less heat or no heat is generated, and the environment temperature of the heat absorption area is mainly the space area temperature controlled by the spacecraft thermal control system, which is the temperature environment for ensuring the normal standby or restart of the device. This temperature should avoid heat dissipation as much as possible to ensure less thermal control power consumption and save spacecraft thermal control system resources. That is, when in a low temperature state, the medium is in a liquid state and located in the wick 5 of the heat absorption area of the low temperature steam pipeline 1; at this time, the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high temperature steam pipeline 3 is deformed at low temperature; the medium temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high temperature steam pipeline 3 are not communicated with the low temperature steam pipeline 1; the medium flows from the heat absorption area to the heat dissipation area along the wick 5 of the low temperature steam pipeline 1; and in the process of medium flow, gradually vaporizes until becomes saturated steam medium; after the steam medium reaches the heat dissipation area, it is cooled and liquefied to become liquid medium again, and is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material 52 in the low temperature steam pipeline 1, and flows back from the heat dissipation area to the heat absorption area. Highlighted in the device low load or shutdown state, the environment temperature is low and needs to be insulated to a certain extent, the heat dissipation capacity of the heat pipe is reduced, and has certain heat preservation performance.

[0049] As shown in Figure 6 As shown, when the device is in low load or shutdown, less heat or no heat is generated, and the environment temperature of the heat absorption area is mainly the space area temperature controlled by the spacecraft thermal control system, which is the temperature environment for ensuring the normal standby or restart of the device. This temperature should avoid heat dissipation as much as possible to ensure less thermal control power consumption and save spacecraft thermal control system resources. That is, when in a low temperature state, the medium is in a liquid state and located in the wick 5 of the heat absorption area of the low temperature steam pipeline 1; at this time, the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high temperature steam pipeline 3 is deformed at low temperature; the medium temperature steam pipeline 2 and the high temperature steam pipeline 3 are not communicated with the low temperature steam pipeline 1; the medium flows from the heat absorption area to the heat dissipation area along the wick 5 of the low temperature steam pipeline 1; and in the process of medium flow, gradually vaporizes until becomes saturated steam medium; after the steam medium reaches the heat dissipation area, it is cooled and liquefied to become liquid medium again, and is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material 52 in the low temperature steam pipeline 1, and flows back from the heat dissipation area to the heat absorption area. Highlighted in the device low load or shutdown state, the environment temperature is low and needs to be insulated to a certain extent, the heat dissipation capacity of the heat pipe is reduced, and has certain heat preservation performance.

[0050] As shown in Figure 7As shown, when in a high-temperature state, the 4D printing pipe shell inner wall of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 deforms and recovers, the medium is in a liquid state, and a part of the liquid medium flows from the liquid absorption core 5 of the heat absorption area of the low-temperature steam pipeline 1 into the liquid absorption core 5 in the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2; at the same time, another part of the liquid medium flows from the liquid absorption core 5 of the heat absorption area of the low-temperature steam pipeline 1 into the liquid absorption core 5 in the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3; and in the process of medium flow, the medium gradually evaporates and vaporizes until it becomes saturated steam medium; after the steam medium reaches the heat dissipation area, the steam medium is cooled and liquefied in the heat dissipation area, and is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material 52 in the low-temperature steam pipeline 1 to flow back to the heat absorption area from the heat dissipation area; at the same time, the medium flows along the liquid absorption core 5 of the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 from the heat absorption area to the heat dissipation area; and in the process of medium flow, the medium gradually evaporates and vaporizes until it becomes saturated steam medium; after the steam medium reaches the heat dissipation area, the steam medium is cooled and liquefied in the heat dissipation area, and is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material 52 in the medium-temperature steam pipeline 2 to flow back to the heat absorption area from the heat dissipation area; at the same time, the medium flows along the liquid absorption core 5 of the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 from the heat absorption area to the heat dissipation area; and in the process of medium flow, the medium gradually evaporates and vaporizes until it becomes saturated steam medium; after the steam medium reaches the heat dissipation area, the steam medium is cooled and liquefied in the heat dissipation area, and is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material 52 in the high-temperature steam pipeline 3 to flow back to the heat absorption area from the heat dissipation area.

[0051] The heat dissipation area is in direct or indirect heat conduction contact with the non-solar surface cold space outside the spacecraft, and can transfer the temperature of the heat pipe to the external cold space to achieve heat dissipation. The heat pipe in the heat dissipation area is in a low-temperature environment, and the saturated steam inside the heat pipe is liquefied to form liquid medium, which is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material 52 in the liquid absorption core 5 to flow from the heat dissipation area to the heat absorption area. At this time, there are three flow channels for medium flow and heat dissipation, which highlights the performance of the heat pipe in enhancing the heat dissipation capacity when the environmental temperature rises due to high load of the equipment.

[0052] The internal part of the 4D printing intelligent temperature control spacecraft heat pipe is generally pumped to a negative pressure and filled with an appropriate amount of working medium. The working medium can change phase after being heated to a certain temperature. In general, the working medium is in a liquid state at low temperature and changes into saturated steam at high temperature. Different pipe sections are divided into different areas, mainly including a heat absorption area, an adiabatic area and a heat dissipation area.

[0053] The liquid absorption core is a carrier for the flow of liquid medium in the heat pipe, and the flow direction of the liquid medium is mainly determined by the capillary force of the porous composite material, and the liquid medium flows from the heat dissipation area to the heat absorption area; the steam flow channel is a carrier for the flow of steam medium in the heat pipe, and the flow direction of the steam is determined by the temperature and pressure difference between the cold and hot, and the steam flows from the heat absorption area to the heat dissipation area.

[0054] The 4D printing intelligent temperature control space heat pipe designed in the application can autonomously control the cross-sectional size of the flowable medium in the 4D printing pipe shell section according to different temperatures, increase or decrease the local pipe flow resistance, and make the flowable medium have directionality, so as to achieve the purpose of enhancing or reducing heat exchange through temperature control.

[0055] Preferably, the general pipe shell and the 4D printing pipe shell can be integrally printed and manufactured, or can be manufactured in segments and then welded to become a whole. The welding must ensure that the welding surface will not separate or crack when the 4D printing pipe shell deforms under temperature excitation.

[0056] Preferably, the heat pipe wick can adopt an axial channel type wick, which has a small axial flow head, can enhance the axial flow of the heat pipe liquid medium, has good heat transfer fluency, and has strong deformation resistance, and is suitable for use in space environment. The heat pipe wick can also adopt a single-layer or multi-layer mesh wick, a sintered powder wick, or a combined wick.

[0057] Preferably, the heat pipe axial channel type wick can be a channel processed on the inner surface of the heat pipe, or can be a channel made by pressing a mesh.

[0058] Preferably, the heat pipe 4D printing pipe shell can be pre-set to deform when the temperature is below a temperature threshold, so that the cross section becomes narrow and the local flow resistance increases. Alternatively, the heat pipe 4D printing pipe shell can be pre-set to deform when the temperature is above a temperature threshold, so that the cross section becomes wide and the local flow resistance decreases.

[0059] Preferably, the heat pipe can be cylindrical, or can be made into a square tube or a non-regular cross section tube to increase the contact heat exchange area. Alternatively, the contact heat exchange surface of the circular tube can be ground flat.

[0060] Preferably, the heat pipe directly contacts the equipment heat exchange surface, or can indirectly contact the equipment heat exchange surface through a heat conducting medium such as heat conducting silicone rubber GDA-508.

[0061] The application adopts 4D printing manufacturing technology as an important means to solve the above problems. The 4D printing manufacturing technology is a programmable manufacturing means that can pre-set the shape of an object under different excitation conditions based on 3D printing manufacturing. Its use is similar to that of a memory alloy. Unlike a memory alloy, the object manufactured by 4D printing can be excited under a wider range of conditions, including but not limited to pressure, temperature, and tension. The pipe shell made of an alloy material with memory and high thermal conductivity and manufactured by 4D printing can be pre-set to deform within a different temperature gradient range. Compared with the currently used space heat pipe which has poor expandability and single function, the heat pipe manufactured by 4D printing has extended heat dissipation capacity and certain heat preservation capacity, so that the heat pipe has bidirectional uniformity, which can provide a technical basis for the multi-directionality and high integration of a spacecraft.

[0062] Although the present application has been disclosed with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present application, and any person skilled in the art can make possible changes and modifications to the technical solutions of the present application using the disclosed methods and technical contents without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present application without departing from the technical solutions of the present application shall fall within the protection scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A 4D printing smart temperature-controlled heat pipe, characterized in that: The steam pipeline (1) is placed horizontally; the low-temperature steam pipeline (1), the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are pipelines with one end open and the other end closed; the end head (4) is installed at the open end of the low-temperature steam pipeline (1) to seal the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) is arranged below the low-temperature steam pipeline (1), and the open end of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) is communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is arranged below the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2), and the open end of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); the joint of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the low-temperature steam pipeline (1) is located at one end of the low-temperature steam pipeline (1) where the end head (4) is installed; the joint of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) and the low-temperature steam pipeline (1) is located at one end of the low-temperature steam pipeline (1) where the end head (4) is installed; the inner walls of the low-temperature steam pipeline (1), the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2), the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) and the end head (4) are attached with the liquid absorption core (5). When in a low-temperature state, the 4D printed pipe shell inner wall of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the 4D printed pipe shell inner wall of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are radially deformed inward; the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are not communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); When in a medium-temperature state, the 4D printed pipe shell inner wall of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) is deformed to recover, the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) is communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); the 4D printed pipe shell inner wall of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is still radially deformed inward, and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is not communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); When in a high-temperature state, the 4D printed pipe shell inner wall of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is deformed to recover, the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); at this time, the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are both communicated with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); The low-temperature state is that the ambient temperature is less than 30℃; the medium-temperature state is that the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 30℃ and less than 70℃; the high-temperature state is that the ambient temperature is greater than or equal to 70℃.

2. The 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-temperature steam pipeline (1) is made of a common pipe shell; the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) is made by axially butting a 4D printed pipe shell and a common pipe shell; the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is made by axially butting a 4D printed pipe shell and a common pipe shell; wherein the 4D printed pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) is located at the bending section of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the low-temperature steam pipeline (1) joint, and the common pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) is coaxially butted with the bending section; the 4D printed pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is located at the bending section of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) and the low-temperature steam pipeline (1) joint, and the common pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is coaxially butted with the bending section.

3. The 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe according to claim 2, characterized in that: The low-temperature steam pipeline (1), the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are divided into heat absorption zones, heat insulation zones and heat dissipation zones along the pipeline axial direction; the pipeline located in the heat absorption zone is installed in the cabin plate of the spacecraft equipment installation area; the pipeline located in the heat insulation zone is installed in the cabin plate of the spacecraft which does not need heat dissipation and avoids the interference of heat sources; and the pipeline located in the heat dissipation zone is installed in the cabin plate of the spacecraft heat dissipation surface.

4. The 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe according to claim 3, characterized in that: One end of the low-temperature steam pipeline (1) installation end (4), the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are located in the heat absorption zone; the middle section of the low-temperature steam pipeline (1), the middle section of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the middle section of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are located in the heat insulation zone; and the closed section of the low-temperature steam pipeline (1), the closed section of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the closed section of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are located in the heat dissipation zone.

5. The 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe according to claim 4, characterized in that: The liquid absorbing core (5) comprises a pressing net (51) and a capillary porous composite material (52); the capillary porous composite material (52) is attached to the inner wall of the pipeline, and the inner wall of the capillary porous composite material (52) is provided with an annular pressing net (51); and the capillary porous composite material (52) is bound to the inner wall of the pipeline through the pressing net (51).

6. The 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe according to claim 5, characterized in that: When in a high-temperature state, the cross sections of the pressing nets (51) in the low-temperature steam pipeline (1), the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are all sawtooth shapes, the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are both in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); when in a medium-temperature state, the cross sections of the pressing nets (51) in the low-temperature steam pipeline (1) and the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) are sawtooth shapes, the pressing net (51) in the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is extruded inwardly on the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3), the inner diameter thereof becomes smaller and assumes a circular ring shape, the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) is in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1), and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is not in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); When in a low-temperature state, the pressing net (51) in the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) is extruded inwardly on the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2), the inner diameter thereof becomes smaller and assumes a circular ring shape, the pressing net (51) in the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) is extruded inwardly on the inner wall of the 4D printing pipe shell of the high-temperature steam pipeline (3), the inner diameter thereof becomes smaller and assumes a circular ring shape, and the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are both not in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1).

7. The 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe according to claim 6, characterized in that: The working process of the temperature control heat pipe is as follows: When in a low-temperature state, the medium is in a liquid state and located in the liquid absorbing core (5) of the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); at this time, the inner walls of the 4D printing pipe shells of the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are all deformed at low temperature; the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) are both not in communication with the low-temperature steam pipeline (1); the medium flows along the liquid absorbing core (5) of the low-temperature steam pipeline (1) from the heat absorption zone to the heat dissipation zone; and in the process of the medium flowing, the medium gradually evaporates and vaporizes until becoming saturated steam medium; The vapor medium reaches the heat dissipation zone, dissipates heat in the heat dissipation zone, liquefies and becomes liquid medium again, and is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material (52) in the low-temperature vapor pipeline (1) to flow back to the heat absorption zone from the heat dissipation zone; When in the medium-temperature state, the 4D printed pipe shell inner wall of the medium-temperature vapor pipeline (2) deforms and recovers, and the medium-temperature vapor pipeline (2) is in communication with the low-temperature vapor pipeline (1); the medium is in the liquid state, a part of the liquid medium flows from the liquid absorption core (5) of the heat absorption zone of the low-temperature vapor pipeline (1) into the liquid absorption core (5) in the 4D printed pipe shell of the medium-temperature vapor pipeline (2); the medium flows along the liquid absorption core (5) of the low-temperature vapor pipeline (1) from the heat absorption zone to the heat dissipation zone; and in the process of medium flow, gradually evaporates and vaporizes until becomes saturated vapor medium; The vapor medium reaches the heat dissipation zone, dissipates heat in the heat dissipation zone, liquefies and becomes liquid medium again, and is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material (52) in the low-temperature vapor pipeline (1) to flow back to the heat absorption zone from the heat dissipation zone; simultaneously, the medium flows along the liquid absorption core (5) of the medium-temperature vapor pipeline (2) from the heat absorption zone to the heat dissipation zone; and in the process of medium flow, gradually evaporates and vaporizes until becomes saturated vapor medium; the vapor medium reaches the heat dissipation zone, dissipates heat in the heat dissipation zone, liquefies and becomes liquid medium again, and is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material (52) in the medium-temperature vapor pipeline (2) to flow back to the heat absorption zone from the heat dissipation zone; When in the high-temperature state, the 4D printed pipe shell inner wall of the high-temperature vapor pipeline (3) deforms and recovers, and the medium-temperature vapor pipeline (2) and the high-temperature vapor pipeline (3) are both in communication with the low-temperature vapor pipeline (1); the medium is in the liquid state, a part of the liquid medium flows from the liquid absorption core (5) of the heat absorption zone of the low-temperature vapor pipeline (1) into the liquid absorption core (5) in the 4D printed pipe shell of the medium-temperature vapor pipeline (2); and simultaneously, another part of the liquid medium flows from the liquid absorption core (5) of the heat absorption zone of the low-temperature vapor pipeline (1) into the liquid absorption core (5) in the 4D printed pipe shell of the high-temperature vapor pipeline (3); and in the process of medium flow, gradually evaporates and vaporizes until becomes saturated vapor medium; the vapor medium reaches the heat dissipation zone, dissipates heat in the heat dissipation zone, liquefies and becomes liquid medium again, and is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material (52) in the low-temperature vapor pipeline (1) to flow back to the heat absorption zone from the heat dissipation zone; simultaneously, the medium flows along the liquid absorption core (5) of the medium-temperature vapor pipeline (2) from the heat absorption zone to the heat dissipation zone; and in the process of medium flow, gradually evaporates and vaporizes until becomes saturated vapor medium; the vapor medium reaches the heat dissipation zone, dissipates heat in the heat dissipation zone, liquefies and becomes liquid medium again, and is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material (52) in the medium-temperature vapor pipeline (2) to flow back to the heat absorption zone from the heat dissipation zone; simultaneously, the medium flows along the liquid absorption core (5) of the high-temperature vapor pipeline (3) from the heat absorption zone to the heat dissipation zone; and in the process of medium flow, gradually evaporates and vaporizes until becomes saturated vapor medium; the vapor medium reaches the heat dissipation zone, dissipates heat in the heat dissipation zone, liquefies and becomes liquid medium again, and is driven by the capillary force of the capillary porous composite material (52) in the high-temperature vapor pipeline (3) to flow back to the heat absorption zone from the heat dissipation zone.

8. The 4D printing intelligent temperature control heat pipe according to claim 2, characterized in that: The low-temperature steam pipeline (1) adopts a metal-based material with thermal conductivity; the 4D printing pipe shell adopts an alloy material with thermal conductivity and memory; the common pipe shell adopts an alloy material with thermal conductivity and without memory; the outer walls of the low-temperature steam pipeline (1), the medium-temperature steam pipeline (2) and the high-temperature steam pipeline (3) located in the heat insulation area are covered or insulated by vacuum and heat insulation materials to realize isolation from the equipment installed on the deck.

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