Towing and retractable tunnel lining formwork vehicle and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a towable telescopic tunnel lining formwork vehicle and a construction method thereof, comprising a mobile trailer, which is provided with a telescopic strut mechanism, a telescopic frame assembly, a hydraulic telescopic support assembly and an auxiliary system. The telescopic strut mechanism is located in the longitudinal middle portion of the mobile trailer, the hydraulic telescopic support assembly is located between the telescopic frame assembly and the telescopic strut mechanism, the auxiliary system is located on the mobile trailer, and an adjustable formwork assembly is provided on the outer side surface of the telescopic frame assembly. The method comprises the following steps: unfolding and adjusting the side lower frame, the side upper frame, the top frame and the top side frame of the lining formwork vehicle, installing the top formwork, the side formwork and the adjustable formwork, and performing transfer operations. The present invention enables all cross-section variable operations to be completed by manually operating a machine, and can conveniently complete cross-section variable operations of symmetrical height and angle or asymmetrical height and angle, thereby reducing manpower and usage costs and improving operating efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a towing and telescopic tunnel lining formwork vehicle and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The lining (referred to as the secondary lining) is a cast concrete or reinforced concrete lining constructed on the inner side of the initial support. Generally, an integral lining trolley or a full-floor support is used. However, existing technologies have defects. For example, if the full-floor support method is used, the construction process includes repeatedly building a steel arch frame, assembling steel formwork, setting up scaffolding, pouring, and dismantling each pouring section. This construction method takes a long time to build each pouring section, is labor-intensive, difficult to reinforce, and the appearance quality of the concrete cannot be guaranteed. At the same time, a large number of scaffolding steel pipes and fasteners are required in the reinforcement process, which consumes labor and increases costs. If a lining trolley is used, it also needs to be assembled and set up at each construction site. The steel arch frame is built and the track is laid, and then the parts are dismantled and transferred. The integral lining trolley is only suitable for construction sites with good surrounding rock, long lines, single-size cross-sections, and small-radius tunnels. For tunnels with variable cross-section sizes and contour changes, multiple sets of trolleys need to be purchased according to the changes in the tunnel cross-section size. This not only increases the investment cost, but also causes cross-operation of each section, making it inconvenient to transport materials and equipment. For example, in the Luoyaoke Tunnel, which is 1,167 meters long and has 20 types of cross-sections with inconsistent sizes, the use of traditional formwork trolleys requires a large number and a high cost, which cannot meet the project's economic benefit goals.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need to solve the problems of large cross-sections, multiple variable cross-section sizes and profiles, poor template adaptability, single adaptability of secondary lining operations in mining-based tunnels with large-angle turns, and low operating efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a towable telescopic tunnel lining formwork vehicle and a construction method thereof, which can be applicable to the secondary lining construction of tunnels with large cross-sections, variable cross-section sizes, multiple contours, and large-angle turning lines, and has the advantages of flexible and convenient operation, strong applicability, labor saving, low cost, fast cross-section change, shortened construction period, and good use effect.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a towable, telescopic, variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle, comprising a mobile trailer, the mobile trailer being provided with a telescopic strut mechanism, a telescopic frame assembly, a hydraulic telescopic support assembly, and an auxiliary system. The telescopic strut mechanism is located in the longitudinal middle portion of the mobile trailer, the hydraulic telescopic support assembly is located between the telescopic frame assembly and the telescopic strut mechanism, the auxiliary system is located on the mobile trailer, and an adjustable formwork assembly is provided on the outer surface of the telescopic frame assembly.

[0006] Preferably, the telescopic support mechanism is composed of a plurality of bottom supports arranged at intervals on the longitudinal middle part of the carriage plate of the mobile trailer and telescopic supports that can move up and down along the bottom supports. The bottom supports and telescopic supports are rectangular steel cylinders. The lower end of each bottom support is fixed at intervals on the longitudinal middle part of the carriage plate of the mobile trailer. The telescopic supports are slidably fitted in the bottom supports. A fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the carriage plate at the lower end of each bottom support. The telescopic rod of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the middle part of the lower end of the telescopic support. The upper end of each telescopic support is fixed to the middle part of the lower end surface of a top frame at intervals. A plurality of docking seats connected to the rear end axis of each telescopic hydraulic cylinder are provided on the upper and middle parts of both side edges of each bottom support.

[0007] Preferably, the telescopic frame assembly is used to support the fixed top template, side template and adjustment template at the outer end surface when unfolding, and the inner end is connected to the telescopic support mechanism through the hydraulic telescopic support assembly;

[0008] The telescopic frame assembly is composed of a top frame, a top side frame, a side lower frame and a side upper frame. The cross-sections of the top frame and the top side frame are arc-shaped, and the side lower frame and the side upper frame are flat rectangular. Each frame is formed by a number of horizontal steel beams distributed at intervals and a number of vertical steel beams fixed perpendicularly to the horizontal steel beams. The two side edges of the top frame are hinged to the corresponding side edges of the top side frame by hinges, and each side lower frame and side upper frame is located on the left and right sides of the vehicle body respectively. The upper end edge of the side lower frame is hinged to the lower end edge of the side upper frame by a hinge, and a number of adjustment hydraulic cylinders are provided on the lower end edge of the side lower frame at intervals. The front end of the telescopic rod of the adjustment hydraulic cylinder is provided with a universal wheel and is supported on the ground by the universal wheel. The side of each frame is provided with a fixing hole for fixing to the template, and the upper and lower parts of the inner side surface of the side lower frame, the middle part of the inner side surface of the side upper frame and the top side frame are provided with connecting ears corresponding to the docking seats on the side surfaces of each bottom pillar.

[0009] Preferably, the top frame, top side frame, side lower frame and side upper frame have the same length and are adapted to the length of the carriage board.

[0010] Preferably, the hydraulic telescopic support assembly is used to expand the telescopic frame assembly on the working surface in the tunnel and retract the telescopic frame assembly on the mobile trailer. The hydraulic telescopic support assembly consists of the first to fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders and the lifting hydraulic cylinder;

[0011] The two front sides of the two first telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the axle seats on the two sides of the corresponding car body through the shaft rod axis, and the lifting hydraulic cylinder is respectively fixed to the car body at the rear lower end of each first telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The telescopic rods of the lifting hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected to the rear end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The front end of the telescopic rod of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder is connected to the connecting ear at the corresponding lower part of the rear end surface of the side lower frame on the corresponding side;

[0012] The rear ends of the two second telescopic hydraulic cylinders and the third telescopic hydraulic cylinder are respectively axially arranged on the corresponding docking seats in the middle of the two sides of the bottom support, and the front ends of the telescopic rods of each second telescopic hydraulic cylinder and the third telescopic hydraulic cylinder are respectively axially arranged on the two connecting ears of the corresponding parts of the rear ends of the side lower frame and the side upper frame;

[0013] The rear ends of the two fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively axially arranged on the corresponding docking seats on the upper ends of both sides of the bottom support, and the front ends of the telescopic rods of each fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinder are respectively axially arranged on the two connecting ears on the corresponding parts of the lower end surface of the top side frame.

[0014] Preferably, the adjustable template assembly is used to be fixed on the outer end surface of the unfolded and positioned telescopic frame assembly before construction to form a tunnel construction template, and the adjustable template assembly is composed of a top template, a side template and an adjustable template;

[0015] The top template is a rectangular thin steel plate that can be bent into an arc shape. End frames are respectively provided on the left and right sides of the rear side. A plurality of ribs are arranged at intervals on the end surface of the thin steel plate between the end frame plates. Fixed ear plates are provided on the middle part of the end surface of the thin steel plate at both ends of each rib. Each end frame plate, rib plate and fixed ear plate are respectively provided with a through hole for connecting with the top frame and the top side frame.

[0016] The side formwork and adjustment formwork are composed of a frame plate, a reinforcement plate, a cross support plate and a steel plate. The frame plate is welded from angle steel into a sun-shaped or field-shaped frame supported on the periphery and middle of one side of the steel plate. The frame is welded to one side of the steel plate. The frame plate is provided with through holes for connecting with the side lower frame and the side upper frame. Several vertically distributed reinforcement plates are arranged at intervals in the frame plate and their two ends are welded to the corresponding frame plate and one side of the steel plate. Several horizontally distributed cross support plates are arranged at intervals in the frame plate and their two ends are welded to the corresponding frame plate, reinforcement plate and one side of the steel plate.

[0017] Preferably, the auxiliary system includes hydraulic support feet located at intervals on both sides of the body of the mobile trailer, an operating platform located on the body, a power system, a hydraulic system, an operating mechanism and a towing system.

[0018] A method for construction using a towing telescopic variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle comprises the following steps:

[0019] (1) Prepare a towable telescopic variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle, the length of which is greater than the length of one pouring section of the tunnel lining, and the mobile trailer comprises a vehicle body, wheels, a carriage plate at the upper end of the vehicle body, hydraulic legs spaced apart on both sides of the vehicle body, an operating platform on the vehicle body, a power system, a hydraulic system, an operating mechanism, and a towing system;

[0020] The mobile trailer is provided with a telescopic strut mechanism, a telescopic frame assembly, a hydraulic telescopic support assembly and an auxiliary system. The telescopic strut mechanism is located in the longitudinal middle of the mobile trailer, and the hydraulic telescopic support assembly is located between the telescopic frame assembly and the telescopic strut mechanism, forming a towed telescopic variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle. The telescopic strut mechanism, the telescopic frame assembly, the hydraulic telescopic support assembly and the auxiliary system are tested and operated to ensure that their functions are normal, and the telescopic strut mechanism, the telescopic frame assembly and the hydraulic telescopic support assembly are in a retracted state.

[0021] (2) preparing an adjustable template assembly, wherein the adjustable template assembly is composed of a plurality of top templates, side templates, and an adjustable template;

[0022] (3) Use a trailer to tow the telescopic variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle to the ground position in the center of the tunnel lining construction section. First, start the auxiliary system to operate the power system and the hydraulic system. Use the operating table on the vehicle body to expand the hydraulic support feet on both sides of the vehicle body and support the ground to expand the force distribution area of ​​the vehicle body.

[0023] (4) The unfolding and adjustment of the side lower frame, side upper frame, top frame and top side frame of the lining formwork vehicle includes the following steps in sequence:

[0024] (a) Deploy the telescopic strut mechanism and the top and side frames: Activate the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders. The telescopic rods of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders support the middle portion of the lower end of the telescopic struts, driving the top and side frames toward the upper portion of the tunnel along the inside of the bottom struts. Simultaneously, the telescopic rods of the fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinders also support the side frames toward the upper portion of the tunnel. When the height reaches the set point, the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders are locked.

[0025] (b) unfolding the side lower frame and the side upper frame of the telescopic frame assembly: starting the first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinders and the lifting hydraulic cylinder, the telescopic rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder supports the rear end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder to lift the rear end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder upward, and then the front end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder rotates around the shaft rod on the axle seat to adjust the angle between it and the plane of the car body, and at the same time, the lower end of the side lower frame is supported on the ground by the universal wheels on the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder, and the telescopic rods of each first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinder drive the corresponding side lower frame and side upper frame to unfold synchronously to both sides of the car body to the set position away from the two side walls of the tunnel;

[0026] (c) Adjusting the side lower frame, the side upper frame, the top frame and the top side frame: This includes starting the lifting hydraulic cylinder, the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder and the universal wheels on the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder to support the height above the ground according to the thickness and height of the lining of the two side walls of the tunnel, and locking the lifting hydraulic cylinder and the adjustment hydraulic cylinder after reaching the set height; when starting the first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinders to adjust the side lower frame and the side upper frame to the designed thickness of the lining of the two side walls of the tunnel and the side formwork, locking the first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinders to fix the side lower frame and the side upper frame;

[0027] Start the fourth or fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders, and the telescopic rods of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders hold the middle part of the lower end of the telescopic support, so that the telescopic support extends upward along the bottom support, driving the top frame to operate synchronously. The telescopic rods of the fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinders also hold the top side frame closer to the upper part of the tunnel. When the set height is reached, the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders are locked to fix the top frame and the top side frame. At this time, the outer sides of each top side frame are held against the upper end edge of the top side frame.

[0028] Several mechanical screw rods or support rods can be used to reinforce the top frame, top side frame, side lower frame and side upper frame between the rear end and the ground to prevent deformation of each frame;

[0029] (d) The outer surface of the top frame and top side frame after positioning + the thickness of the top formwork + the thickness of the tunnel initial top layer equals the designed thickness and height of the tunnel initial top layer;

[0030] The thickness of the outer side of the side lower frame and the side upper frame after positioning plus the thickness of the tunnel primary masonry side wall layer shall be equal to the designed thickness and height of the tunnel primary masonry side wall layer;

[0031] (4) Installation of top formwork, side formwork and adjustment formwork: Use U-shaped clips and bolts to connect the top formwork and top side formwork to the outer side surfaces of the top frame and top side frame; use U-shaped clips and bolts to connect the side formwork and adjustment formwork to the outer side surfaces of the side lower frame and side upper frame; apply release agent on the outer end steel plates of the top formwork, top side formwork, side formwork and adjustment formwork;

[0032] (5) pouring tunnel lining concrete;

[0033] (6) Demolding: Remove the mechanical screw rod or support rod, and sequentially retract the telescopic rods of the third telescopic hydraulic cylinder, the first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders to drive the side upper frame, the side lower frame and the side templates fixed thereon and the adjustment template to retract inward by 50 to 100 cm, completing the demolding of the side template and the adjustment template, and then sequentially retract the telescopic rods of the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders to drive the top side frame, the top frame and the top template fixed thereon to retract inward by 50 to 100 cm, completing the demolding of the top template;

[0034] (7) Movement of the lining formwork vehicle: The lining formwork vehicle is pulled to the next lining construction section by external traction. Before pulling, the external traction force should be used to pull the vehicle body with the help of the traction hook, the front end of the side lower frame and the oblique traction between the side lower frame and the side of the car body with the help of the traction rod, and the universal wheel on the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder at the lower part of the side lower frame is adjusted to synchronously and slowly drive the lining formwork vehicle, each frame and each formwork to move to the next lining construction section;

[0035] (8) Reverse the process to carry out step (6), reset each frame and each formwork, apply a release agent on the top formwork, top side formwork, side formwork and the outer end steel plate of the adjustment formwork, and use a number of mechanical screw rods or support rods to reinforce the top frame, top side frame, side lower frame and side upper frame between the rear end and the ground to prevent the deformation of each frame. When the state of re-casting the tunnel lining concrete is reached, a working cycle is completed;

[0036] (9) Transfer operation: After the tunnel lining concrete pouring is completed, the lining formwork vehicle is transferred. The lining formwork vehicle is transferred from the expanded to the retracted state, and goes through the demoulding steps, disassembling the top formwork, side formwork and adjustment formwork, retracting the telescopic rods of the third, first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders to drive the side upper frame and side lower frame to be retracted inward to the two sides of the car body plate, starting the telescopic rod of the retracting and lifting hydraulic cylinder to lift the front end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder upward, so that the side upper frame and side lower frame and the universal wheels on the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder are off the ground, retracting the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder and the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder so that the side upper and lower frames are located on the side of the car body plate, retracting the telescopic rods of each fourth or fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder to drive the telescopic pillars to retract into the bottom pillars, and the top frame and top side frame also move synchronously close to the upper part of the car body plate, and closing the telescopic hydraulic cylinders;

[0037] The lining formwork vehicle is towed to the next tunnel lining construction site by external traction force.

[0038] Preferably, the adjustment of the side lower frames and the side upper frames and the top frame and the top side frame includes adjusting the height of the side lower frames on the ground by the universal wheels on the telescopic rods of the hydraulic cylinders at the lower ends of the two side lower frames and adjusting the symmetrical height or asymmetrical height of each side lower frame and the side upper frame by the lifting hydraulic cylinders and the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and completing the asymmetrical height installation of the side lower frames and the side upper frames by adjusting the template to cooperate with the side template;

[0039] The telescopic rod of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder supports the middle part of the lower end of the telescopic pillar so that the telescopic pillar extends upward along the bottom pillar to adjust the height of the top frame and the angle of the corresponding side top frame supported by the telescopic rod of each fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinder, thereby completing the adjustment of the symmetrical height and curvature or asymmetrical height and curvature of the top frame and the top side frame.

[0040] The above structure and method achieve the purpose of the present invention.

[0041] The present invention can be applied to the secondary lining construction of tunnels with large cross-sections, variable cross-section sizes, multiple profiles, and large-angle turning lines. It has the advantages of flexible and convenient operation, strong applicability, labor and effort saving, low cost, fast cross-section change, construction period saving, and good use effect.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects:

[0043] (1) The telescopic support mechanism, telescopic frame assembly, hydraulic telescopic support assembly and auxiliary system are installed on the mobile trailer. The telescopic support mechanism is located in the longitudinal middle of the mobile trailer, the hydraulic telescopic support assembly is located between the telescopic frame assembly and the telescopic support mechanism, and the auxiliary system is located on the mobile trailer. This design structure solves the problem that the traditional lining trolley needs to be assembled and erected at each construction site, and the steel arch frame and track laying and disassembled for transfer, thus saving a lot of manpower and material resources. It has the advantages of fast and convenient transfer and assembly, and a high degree of mechanization.

[0044] (2) The design structure adopts an adjustable formwork assembly on the outer surface of the telescopic frame assembly, which is convenient for transfer and transportation, and can adapt to the variable conditions of tunnel secondary lining construction with large sections, variable section sizes, multiple profiles, and large-angle turning lines to quickly complete the formwork support, and ensure the good installation quality of the formwork.

[0045] (3) The hydraulic telescopic support assembly is located between the telescopic frame assembly and the telescopic strut mechanism, so that the cross-section operation can be completed by manual operation of the machine, and the cross-section operation of symmetrical height, angle or asymmetrical height, angle can be completed conveniently.

[0046] (4) By arranging an adjustment hydraulic cylinder at the lower end of the side lower frame on both sides and arranging a universal wheel supported on the ground on the telescopic rod of the adjustment hydraulic cylinder, and arranging a side template or adjustment template supported on the ground on the outer side of the side lower frame, it is convenient to bear the weight and facilitate the symmetrical or asymmetrical height installation of the side lower frame and the side upper frame by coordinating the adjustment template with the side template. By the telescopic rod of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder supporting the middle of the lower end of the telescopic support so that the telescopic support extends upward along the bottom support to adjust the height of the top frame and the telescopic rod of each fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinder supporting the angle of the corresponding side top frame, the symmetrical height and curvature of the top frame and the top side frame can be adjusted symmetrically or asymmetrically, thereby reducing manpower and use costs and improving work efficiency.

[0047] (5) The present invention has a unique concept, simple structure, compact and reasonable operation, safe and reliable working performance, flexible and labor-saving operation, is suitable for construction use, and is easy to promote. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1This is a schematic structural diagram of the tunnel lining formwork vehicle of the present invention when in use;

[0049] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the side upper frame structure of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the tunnel lining template vehicle of the present invention in a transfer state;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the tunnel lining formwork vehicle of the present invention when installing a formwork;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the tunnel lining formwork vehicle of the present invention when adjusting the height of the side lower frame;

[0053] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the top template and the top side template of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the side template of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In order to make the technical means, creative features, purpose and efficacy of the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific examples, but the following examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, not all. Based on the examples in the implementation manner, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods, and the materials, devices, equipment, reagents, etc. used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from commercial channels.

[0056] Example 1: Figures 1 to 7 As shown, a towable, telescopic, variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle includes a mobile trailer. The mobile trailer can use a 28-35 ton trailer carriage. The carriage plate 4 is 13-17 meters long and 2.3-2.4 meters wide. The mobile trailer includes a plurality of wheels 44 located on both sides of the mobile trailer body 41, the carriage plate 4 on the body 41, and an auxiliary system. The auxiliary system includes hydraulic support legs 42 located at intervals on both sides of the mobile trailer body 41, an operating console 8 located on the body, an engine 46 of the power system, a hydraulic system 81, and a towing hook 43 of the towing system. To facilitate towing of the mobile trailer, towing hooks are provided at the front and rear ends of the body.

[0057] The mobile trailer is equipped with a telescopic strut mechanism, a telescopic frame assembly, a hydraulic telescopic support assembly and an auxiliary system. The telescopic strut mechanism is located in the longitudinal middle part of the mobile trailer, and the hydraulic telescopic support assembly is located between the telescopic frame assembly and the telescopic strut mechanism. The auxiliary system is located on the mobile trailer, and an adjustable template assembly is provided on the outer surface of the telescopic frame assembly.

[0058] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the telescopic support mechanism is composed of 6 bottom supports 3 arranged at a distance on the longitudinal middle part of the car plate 4 of the mobile trailer and 6 telescopic supports 31 that can move up and down along the bottom supports. The bottom supports 3 and the telescopic supports 31 are rectangular steel cylinders. The lower end of each bottom support is fixed at a distance on the longitudinal middle part of the car plate 4 of the mobile trailer. The telescopic support is slidably fitted in the bottom support. A fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder 56 is fixed on the car plate 4 at the lower end of each bottom support. The telescopic rod of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder 56 is fixed to the middle part of the lower end of the telescopic support. The upper end of each telescopic support is fixed to the middle part of the lower end surface of a top frame 21 at a distance. A plurality of docking seats 18 connected to the rear end axis of each telescopic hydraulic cylinder are provided on the upper and middle parts of both sides of each bottom support.

[0059] like Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the telescopic frame assembly is used to support the fixed top template 10, side template 12 and adjustment template 13 at the outer end surface when unfolded, and the inner end is connected to the telescopic support mechanism through the hydraulic telescopic support assembly.

[0060] The telescopic frame assembly consists of a top frame 21, a top side frame 2, a side lower frame 1, and a side upper frame 11. The cross-sections of the top frame 21 and the top side frame 2 are arc-shaped to match the designed tunnel lining arch shape. The side lower frame 1 and the side upper frame 11 are flat rectangular to match the designed tunnel lining side shape. Each frame is formed by a number of horizontal steel beams 110 distributed at intervals and a number of vertical steel beams 111 fixed perpendicularly to each horizontal steel beam. The horizontal and vertical steel beams can be made of triangular steel or channel steel. The two side edges of the top frame 21 are hinged to the corresponding side edges of the top side frame 21 via hinges 9. The two side lower frames 1 and the two side upper frames 11 are located on the left and right sides of the vehicle body, respectively. The upper end of each side lower frame is also hinged to the lower end of each side upper frame via hinges 9. Six to eight hydraulic adjustment cylinders 55 are fixed at intervals to the lower edge of the side lower frame 1. Each hydraulic adjustment cylinder's telescopic rod 58 is equipped with a universal wheel 7 at the front end, which is supported on the ground by the universal wheel 7. The sides of each frame are provided with fixing holes for attaching to the inner surface of the formwork. Connecting ears 6 are provided on the upper and lower portions of the inner surface of the side lower frame 1, the middle portion of the inner surface of the side upper frame 11, and the top frame 2, corresponding to the docking seats 18 on the side of each bottom support.

[0061] The lengths of the top frame, the top side frame, the side lower frame and the side upper frame are the same and are substantially the same as the length of the carriage plate.

[0062] like Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the hydraulic telescopic support assembly is used to deploy the telescopic frame assembly to the tunnel working surface and retract the telescopic frame assembly to the mobile trailer. The hydraulic telescopic support assembly consists of first to fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders 5 through 56 and a lifting hydraulic cylinder 57. The front edges of the two first telescopic hydraulic cylinders 5 are pivotally connected to the axle seats 15 on the corresponding sides of the vehicle body 4 via shafts 16. A lifting hydraulic cylinder 57 is fixed to the vehicle body 41 at the rear lower end of each first telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The telescopic rod 59 of each lifting hydraulic cylinder is pivotally connected to the rear end of each first telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The front end of the telescopic rod 54 of each first telescopic hydraulic cylinder is pivotally connected to the corresponding lower connection ear 6 at the rear end surface of the side lower frame 11 via shafts 91.

[0063] The rear ends of the two second telescopic hydraulic cylinders 51 and the third telescopic hydraulic cylinder 52 are respectively axially arranged on the corresponding docking seats 18 in the middle of the two side edges of the bottom pillar 3, and the front ends of the telescopic rods of each second telescopic hydraulic cylinder 51 and the third telescopic hydraulic cylinder 52 are also axially arranged on the two connecting ears corresponding to the upper part of the rear end surface of the side lower frame and the middle part of the rear end surface of the side upper frame through the shaft 91.

[0064] The rear ends of the two fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinders 53 are respectively axially arranged on the corresponding docking seats on the upper ends of the two sides of the bottom support 3, and the front ends of the telescopic rods of each fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinder are respectively axially arranged on the two connecting ears of the corresponding parts of the lower end surface of the top side frame 2.

[0065] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the adjustable formwork assembly is used to form the tunnel construction formwork by being fixed to the outer end face of the deployed and positioned telescopic frame assembly before construction. The adjustable formwork assembly consists of a top formwork 10, a side formwork 12, and an adjustment formwork 13. The difference between the side formwork 12 and the adjustment formwork 13 is that the height of the adjustment formwork 13 is smaller than that of the side formwork, and the adjustment formwork 13 is used to adjust the height of the side formwork 12.

[0066] The top template 10 is a rectangular, curved, 1.5-2.5mm thick thin steel plate 103 with end brackets 104 on the left and right sides of the rear side, respectively, for supporting and fixing the two ends of one side of the thin steel plate. A number of ribs 101 are spaced apart on the end surface of the thin steel plate between the end brackets. Fixing lugs 102 are provided in the middle of the thin steel plate end surface at both ends of each rib. Each end bracket, rib, and fixing lug is provided with a through hole 105 for connecting to the top frame and top side frame. The top template can adapt to the curvature of the top frame and top side frame to form a curved top template.

[0067] The side formwork 12 and the adjusting formwork 13 are composed of a frame plate 121, a reinforcing plate 122, a transverse support plate 123 and a steel plate 125. The frame plate is a frame in the shape of a Chinese character 'Ri' or 'Tian' welded by angle steel and supported around and in the middle of one side of the steel plate. The frame is welded and fixed on one side of the steel plate. The frame plate 121 is provided with through holes 124 for connecting with the lower side frame 1 and the upper side frame 11. A number of vertically distributed reinforcing plates 122 are arranged at intervals within the frame plate, and both ends are welded integrally with the corresponding frame plate and one side of the steel plate. A number of horizontally distributed transverse support plates 123 are arranged at intervals within the frame plate, and both ends are welded integrally with the corresponding frame plate, reinforcing plate and one side of the steel plate. A number of side formworks, top formworks and adjusting formworks are provided with grouting windows 17.

[0068] The auxiliary system includes hydraulic feet 42 distributed at intervals on both sides of the body 41 of the mobile trailer, an operating platform 8 on the body, an engine 46 of the power system. The engine 46 provides power for the hydraulic system. The operating platform is used to control the hydraulic system 81 and each hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic system provides kinetic energy for each hydraulic cylinder. The front end of the hydraulic foot 42 is provided with a foot hydraulic cylinder 45 for jacking the ground to expand the support area. The towing hook 43 of the towing system is used for external force to tow the body. A control module or computer, auxiliary circuits and devices, etc. can be set in the operating platform to control the in-place and synchronous operation of each hydraulic cylinder according to the set program, which is a traditional technology and will not be elaborated here.

[0069] A construction method using a mobile telescopic variable cross-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle includes the following steps:

[0070] (1) Prepare a mobile telescopic variable cross-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle. The length of the mobile trailer is greater than the length of one pouring section of the tunnel lining. Usually, the length of one pouring section of the tunnel lining is 12 m, and the length of the mobile trailer is 13 - 14 m. The mobile trailer includes a body, wheels, a carriage board at the upper end of the body, hydraulic feet distributed at intervals on both sides of the body of the mobile trailer, an operating platform on the body, a power system, a hydraulic system, a running mechanism and a towing system;

[0071] The mobile trailer is provided with a telescopic support mechanism, a telescopic frame assembly, a hydraulic telescopic support assembly and an auxiliary system. The telescopic support mechanism is located in the longitudinal middle of the mobile trailer. The hydraulic telescopic support assembly is located between the telescopic frame assembly and the telescopic support mechanism, forming a mobile telescopic variable cross-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle. Test and run the functions of the telescopic support mechanism, the telescopic frame assembly, the hydraulic telescopic support assembly and the auxiliary system to be normal, and make the telescopic support mechanism, the telescopic frame assembly and the hydraulic telescopic support assembly in a contracted state (as Figure 3 shown).

[0072] (2) Prepare an adjustable template assembly, which is composed of a plurality of top templates, side templates, and an adjustable template. The side template is a gap filling template with the same structure as the adjustable template but with a different width.

[0073] Prepare several working platforms with stairs to facilitate operation.

[0074] (3) Use a trailer to tow the telescopic variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle to the ground position in the center of the tunnel lining construction section. First, start the auxiliary system to operate the power system and the hydraulic system. Through the operating table on the vehicle body, the hydraulic support feet on both sides of the vehicle body are expanded outward and supported on the ground to expand the force distribution area of ​​the vehicle body.

[0075] (4) The unfolding and adjustment of the side lower frame, side upper frame, top frame and top side frame of the lining formwork vehicle includes the following steps in sequence:

[0076] (a) Deploy the telescopic strut mechanism and the top and side frames: Activate the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders. The telescopic rods of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders support the middle portion of the lower end of the telescopic struts, driving the top and side frames toward the upper portion of the tunnel along the inside of the bottom struts. Simultaneously, the telescopic rods of the fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinders also support the side frames toward the upper portion of the tunnel. When the height reaches the set point, the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders are locked.

[0077] (b) unfolding the side lower frame and the side upper frame of the telescopic frame assembly: starting the first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinders and the lifting hydraulic cylinder, the telescopic rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder supports the rear end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder to lift the rear end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder upward, and then the front end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder rotates around the shaft rod on the axle seat to adjust the angle between it and the plane of the car body, and at the same time, the lower end of the side lower frame is supported on the ground by the universal wheels on the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder, and the telescopic rods of each first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinder drive the corresponding side lower frame and side upper frame to unfold synchronously to both sides of the car body to the set position away from the two side walls of the tunnel;

[0078] (c) Adjusting the side lower frame, the side upper frame, the top frame and the top side frame: This includes starting the lifting hydraulic cylinder, the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder and the universal wheels on the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder to support the height above the ground according to the thickness and height of the lining of the two side walls of the tunnel, and locking the lifting hydraulic cylinder and the adjustment hydraulic cylinder after reaching the set height; when starting the first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinders to adjust the side lower frame and the side upper frame to the designed thickness of the lining of the two side walls of the tunnel and the side formwork, locking the first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinders to fix the side lower frame and the side upper frame;

[0079] Start the fourth or fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders, and the telescopic rods of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders hold the middle part of the lower end of the telescopic support, so that the telescopic support extends upward along the bottom support, driving the top frame to operate synchronously. The telescopic rods of the fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinders also hold the top side frame closer to the upper part of the tunnel. When the set height is reached, the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders are locked to fix the top frame and the top side frame. At this time, the outer sides of each top side frame are held against the upper end edge of the top side frame.

[0080] Several mechanical screw rods or support rods can be used to reinforce the top frame, top side frame, side lower frame and side upper frame between the rear end and the ground to prevent deformation of each frame;

[0081] (d) The outer surface of the top frame and top side frame after positioning + the thickness of the top formwork + the thickness of the tunnel initial top layer equals the designed thickness and height of the tunnel initial top layer;

[0082] The thickness of the outer side of the side lower frame and the side upper frame after positioning plus the thickness of the tunnel primary masonry side wall layer shall be equal to the designed thickness and height of the tunnel primary masonry side wall layer;

[0083] (4) Installation of top formwork, side formwork and adjustment formwork: Use U-shaped clips 14 and bolts to connect the top formwork and top side formwork to the outer side surfaces of the top frame and top side frame; use U-shaped clips 14 and bolts to connect the side formwork and adjustment formwork to the outer side surfaces of the side lower frame and side upper frame; each formwork can be connected with U-shaped clips 14, and a release agent is applied to the outer end steel plates of the top formwork and top side formwork, side formwork and adjustment formwork;

[0084] (5) pouring tunnel lining concrete;

[0085] (6) Demolding: Remove the mechanical screw rod or support rod, and sequentially retract the telescopic rods of the third telescopic hydraulic cylinder, the first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders to drive the side upper frame, the side lower frame and the side templates fixed thereon and the adjustment template to retract inward by 50 to 100 cm, completing the demolding of the side template and the adjustment template, and then sequentially retract the telescopic rods of the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders to drive the top side frame, the top frame and the top template fixed thereon to retract inward by 50 to 100 cm, completing the demolding of the top template;

[0086] (7) Movement of the lining formwork vehicle: The lining formwork vehicle is towed to the next lining construction section by external traction (such as a trailer). Before towing, the external traction force should be used to pull the vehicle body with the help of the towing hook 43, and the front end of the side lower frame and the oblique traction between the side lower frame and the side of the car body with the help of the towing rod, and the universal wheel on the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder at the lower part of the side lower frame is adjusted to synchronously and slowly drive the lining formwork vehicle, each frame and each formwork to the next lining construction section;

[0087] (8) Reverse the process to carry out step (6), reset each frame and each formwork, apply a release agent on the top formwork, top side formwork, side formwork and the outer end steel plate of the adjustment formwork, and use a number of mechanical screw rods or support rods to reinforce the top frame, top side frame, side lower frame and side upper frame between the rear end and the ground to prevent the deformation of each frame. When the state of re-casting the tunnel lining concrete is reached, a working cycle is completed;

[0088] (9) Transfer operation: After the tunnel lining concrete pouring is completed, the lining formwork vehicle is transferred. The lining formwork vehicle is transferred from the expanded to the retracted state, and goes through the demoulding steps, disassembling the top formwork, side formwork and adjustment formwork, retracting the telescopic rods of the third, first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders to drive the side upper frame and side lower frame to be retracted inward to the two sides of the car body plate, starting the telescopic rod 59 of the retracting lifting hydraulic cylinder to lift the front end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder 5 upward, so that the side upper frame 11 and the side lower frame 1 and the universal wheels on the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder are off the ground, retracting the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder and the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder so that the side upper and lower frames are located on the side of the car body plate, retracting the telescopic rods of each fourth or fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder to drive the telescopic pillars to retract into the bottom pillars, and the top frame and the top side frame also move synchronously close to the upper part of the car body plate (such as Figure 2 State shown), close each telescopic hydraulic cylinder;

[0089] The lining formwork vehicle is towed to the next tunnel lining construction site by external traction force.

[0090] Example 2: The difference from Example 1 is that: since the present invention can be applied to different tunnel lining construction sites, the shapes and heights of the tunnel linings at different tunnel lining construction sites are also different. The present invention can achieve a shape that is suitable for the tunnel lining by replacing the shapes of the side lower frame, the side upper frame, the top frame and the top side frame of the lining template vehicle and the appropriate template shape.

[0091] The present invention can be adapted to the height of the tunnel lining by adjusting the height of the side lower frame, the side upper frame, the top frame, and the top side frame, including adjusting the height of the universal wheels 7 on the telescopic rods 58 of the adjustment hydraulic cylinders at the lower ends of the side lower frames on both sides supported on the ground, and adjusting the symmetrical height or asymmetrical height of each side lower frame and the side upper frame by the lifting hydraulic cylinders and the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and completing the asymmetrical height installation of the side lower frame and the side upper frame by adjusting the template to match the side template;

[0092] The telescopic rod of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder supports the middle portion of the lower end of the telescopic support, causing the telescopic support to extend upward along the inside of the bottom support. This adjusts the height of the top frame and the angle of the corresponding top side frames supported by the telescopic rods of each fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinder, thereby achieving symmetrical or asymmetrical height and curvature adjustment of the top frame and top side frames. The remainder of the arrangement is the same as in Example 1 and will not be further described.

[0093] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are merely preferred examples of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various changes and improvements may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A towable, telescopic, variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle, comprising a mobile trailer, characterized by: The mobile trailer is provided with a telescopic strut mechanism, a telescopic frame assembly, a hydraulic telescopic support assembly, and an auxiliary system. The telescopic strut mechanism is located in the longitudinal middle of the mobile trailer, the hydraulic telescopic support assembly is located between the telescopic frame assembly and the telescopic strut mechanism, and the auxiliary system is located on the mobile trailer. An adjustable template assembly is provided on the outer surface of the telescopic frame assembly. The telescopic frame assembly is used to hold the fixed top template, side template and adjustment template on the outer end surface when unfolding, and the inner end is connected to the telescopic support mechanism through the hydraulic telescopic support assembly; the telescopic frame assembly is composed of a top frame, a top side frame, a side lower frame and a side upper frame. The cross-sections of the top frame and the top side frame are arc-shaped, the side lower frame and the side upper frame are flat rectangular, and each frame is formed by a number of horizontal steel beams distributed at intervals and a number of vertical steel beams fixed perpendicularly to each horizontal steel beam. The two sides of the top frame are respectively connected to the The corresponding side edges of the top side frame are hinged, and each side lower frame and side upper frame are respectively located on the left and right sides of the vehicle body. The upper end edge of the side lower frame is hinged to the lower end edge of the side upper frame by a hinge. A plurality of adjustment hydraulic cylinders are provided at intervals on the lower end edge of the side lower frame. The front end of the telescopic rod of the adjustment hydraulic cylinder is provided with a universal wheel and is supported on the ground by the universal wheel. The side edge of each frame is provided with a fixing hole for fixing to the template. The upper and lower parts of the inner side surface of the side lower frame, the middle part of the inner side surface of the side upper frame and the top side frame are provided with connecting ears corresponding to the docking seats on the side surfaces of each bottom support. The hydraulic telescopic support assembly is used to expand the telescopic frame assembly on the working surface in the tunnel and retract the telescopic frame assembly on the mobile trailer. The hydraulic telescopic support assembly is composed of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder to the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder and the lifting hydraulic cylinder; the front two sides of the two first telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively arranged on the axle seats on the two sides of the corresponding car body through the shaft shaft, and the lifting hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the car body at the rear lower end of each first telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The telescopic rods of the lifting hydraulic cylinders are respectively connected to the rear end shaft of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinders, and the front end of the telescopic rod of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder is respectively connected to the rear end shaft of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder. The shaft is connected to the connecting ear of the corresponding lower part of the rear end surface of the side lower frame on the corresponding side; the rear ends of the two second telescopic hydraulic cylinders and the third telescopic hydraulic cylinder are respectively axially arranged on the corresponding docking seats in the middle of the two sides of the bottom pillar, and the front ends of the telescopic rods of the second telescopic hydraulic cylinders and the third telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively axially arranged on the two connecting ears of the corresponding parts of the rear ends of the side lower frame and the side upper frame; the rear ends of the two fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively axially arranged on the corresponding docking seats on the upper ends of the two sides of the bottom pillar, and the front ends of the telescopic rods of the fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinders are respectively axially arranged on the two connecting ears of the corresponding parts of the lower end surface of the top side frame; The adjustable template assembly is used to be fixed on the outer end surface of the unfolded and positioned telescopic frame assembly before construction to form a tunnel construction template. The adjustable template assembly consists of a top template, a side template and an adjustable template. The top template is provided with end frame plates on the left and right sides of the rear side of a rectangular bendable arc-shaped thin steel plate, and a plurality of rib plates are arranged at a distance from each other on the end surface of the thin steel plate between the two end frame plates, and a fixing ear plate is provided in the middle of the thin steel plate end surface edge of each rib plate, and each end frame plate, rib plate and fixing ear plate are respectively provided with a through hole for connecting with the top frame and the top side frame; the side template and adjustment template are composed of a frame plate, a reinforcement plate, a cross support plate and a steel plate, the frame plate is welded by angle steel into a sun-shaped or field-shaped frame supported on the periphery and middle of one side of the steel plate, the frame is welded to one side of the steel plate, the frame plate is provided with through holes for connecting with the side lower frame and the side upper frame, a plurality of vertically distributed reinforcement plates are arranged at a distance in the frame plate and are welded to the frame plate and one side of the steel plate of the corresponding part at both ends, and a plurality of transversely distributed cross support plates are arranged at a distance in the frame plate and are welded to the frame plate, reinforcement plate and one side of the steel plate of the corresponding part at both ends; The auxiliary system includes hydraulic support feet distributed at intervals on both sides of the vehicle body of the mobile trailer, an operating platform located on the vehicle body, a power system, a hydraulic system, an operating mechanism and a towing system.

2. The towable, telescopic, variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The telescopic support mechanism is composed of a plurality of bottom supports arranged at intervals on the longitudinal middle part of the carriage plate of the mobile trailer and a telescopic support that can move up and down along the bottom support. The bottom support and the telescopic support are rectangular steel cylinders. The lower end of each bottom support is fixed at intervals on the longitudinal middle part of the carriage plate of the mobile trailer. The telescopic support is slidably fitted in the bottom support. A fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the carriage plate at the lower end of each bottom support. The telescopic rod of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the middle part of the lower end of the telescopic support. The upper end of each telescopic support is fixed to the middle part of the lower end surface of a top frame at intervals. The upper and middle parts of the two side edges of each bottom support are provided with a plurality of docking seats connected to the rear end axis of each telescopic hydraulic cylinder.

3. The towing and telescopic variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top frame, top side frame, side lower frame and side upper frame have the same length and are adapted to the length of the carriage plate.

4. A method for construction using the towing telescopic variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle according to claim 1, comprising the following steps: (1) Prepare a towable telescopic variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle, the length of which is greater than the length of one pouring section of the tunnel lining, and the mobile trailer comprises a vehicle body, wheels, a carriage plate at the upper end of the vehicle body, hydraulic legs spaced apart on both sides of the vehicle body, an operating platform on the vehicle body, a power system, a hydraulic system, an operating mechanism, and a towing system; The mobile trailer is provided with a telescopic strut mechanism, a telescopic frame assembly, a hydraulic telescopic support assembly and an auxiliary system. The telescopic strut mechanism is located in the longitudinal middle of the mobile trailer, and the hydraulic telescopic support assembly is located between the telescopic frame assembly and the telescopic strut mechanism, forming a towed telescopic variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle. The telescopic strut mechanism, the telescopic frame assembly, the hydraulic telescopic support assembly and the auxiliary system are tested and operated to ensure that their functions are normal, and the telescopic strut mechanism, the telescopic frame assembly and the hydraulic telescopic support assembly are in a retracted state. (2) preparing an adjustable template assembly, wherein the adjustable template assembly is composed of a plurality of top templates, side templates, and an adjustable template; (3) Use a trailer to tow the telescopic variable-section tunnel lining formwork vehicle to the ground position in the center of the tunnel lining construction section. First, start the auxiliary system to operate the power system and the hydraulic system. Use the operating table on the vehicle body to expand the hydraulic support feet on both sides of the vehicle body and support the ground to expand the force distribution area of ​​the vehicle body. (4) The unfolding and adjustment of the side lower frame, side upper frame, top frame and top side frame of the lining formwork vehicle includes the following steps in sequence: (a) Deploy the telescopic strut mechanism and the top and side frames: Activate the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders. The telescopic rods of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders support the middle portion of the lower end of the telescopic struts, driving the top and side frames toward the upper portion of the tunnel along the inside of the bottom struts. Simultaneously, the telescopic rods of the fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinders also support the side frames toward the upper portion of the tunnel. When the height reaches the set point, the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders are locked. (b) unfolding the side lower frame and the side upper frame of the telescopic frame assembly: starting the first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinders and the lifting hydraulic cylinder, the telescopic rod of the lifting hydraulic cylinder supports the rear end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder to lift the rear end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder upward, and then the front end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder rotates around the shaft rod on the axle seat to adjust the angle between it and the plane of the car body, and at the same time, the lower end of the side lower frame is supported on the ground by the universal wheels on the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder, and the telescopic rods of each first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinder drive the corresponding side lower frame and side upper frame to unfold synchronously to both sides of the car body to the set position away from the two side walls of the tunnel; (c) Adjusting the side lower frame, the side upper frame, the top frame and the top side frame: This includes starting the lifting hydraulic cylinder, the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder and the universal wheels on the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder to support the height above the ground according to the thickness and height of the lining of the two side walls of the tunnel, and locking the lifting hydraulic cylinder and the adjustment hydraulic cylinder after reaching the set height; when starting the first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinders to adjust the side lower frame and the side upper frame to the designed thickness of the lining of the two side walls of the tunnel and the side formwork, locking the first to third telescopic hydraulic cylinders to fix the side lower frame and the side upper frame; Start the fourth or fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders, and the telescopic rods of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders hold the middle part of the lower end of the telescopic support, so that the telescopic support extends upward along the bottom support, driving the top frame to operate synchronously. The telescopic rods of the fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinders also hold the top side frame closer to the upper part of the tunnel. When the set height is reached, the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders are locked to fix the top frame and the top side frame. At this time, the outer sides of each top side frame are held against the upper end edge of the top side frame. Several mechanical screw rods or support rods can be used to reinforce the top frame, top side frame, side lower frame and side upper frame between the rear end and the ground to prevent deformation of each frame; (d) The outer surface of the top frame and top side frame after positioning + the thickness of the top formwork + the thickness of the tunnel initial top layer equals the designed thickness and height of the tunnel initial top layer; The thickness of the outer side of the side lower frame and the side upper frame after positioning plus the thickness of the tunnel primary masonry side wall layer shall be equal to the designed thickness and height of the tunnel primary masonry side wall layer; (4) Installation of top formwork, side formwork and adjustment formwork: Use U-shaped clips and bolts to connect the top formwork and top side formwork to the outer side surfaces of the top frame and top side frame; use U-shaped clips and bolts to connect the side formwork and adjustment formwork to the outer side surfaces of the side lower frame and side upper frame; apply release agent on the outer end steel plates of the top formwork, top side formwork, side formwork and adjustment formwork; (5) pouring tunnel lining concrete; (6) Demolding: Remove the mechanical screw rod or support rod, and sequentially retract the telescopic rods of the third telescopic hydraulic cylinder, the first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders to drive the side upper frame, the side lower frame and the side templates fixed thereon and the adjustment template to retract inward by 50 to 100 cm, completing the demolding of the side template and the adjustment template, and then sequentially retract the telescopic rods of the fourth and fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinders to drive the top side frame, the top frame and the top template fixed thereon to retract inward by 50 to 100 cm, completing the demolding of the top template; (7) Movement of the lining formwork vehicle: The lining formwork vehicle is pulled to the next lining construction section by external traction. Before pulling, the external traction force should be used to pull the vehicle body with the help of the traction hook, the front end of the side lower frame and the oblique traction between the side lower frame and the side of the car body with the help of the traction rod, and the universal wheel on the telescopic rod of the hydraulic cylinder at the lower part of the side lower frame is adjusted to synchronously and slowly drive the lining formwork vehicle, each frame and each formwork to move to the next lining construction section; (8) Reverse the process to carry out step (6), reset each frame and each formwork, apply a release agent on the top formwork, top side formwork, side formwork and the outer end steel plate of the adjustment formwork, and use a number of mechanical screw rods or support rods to reinforce the top frame, top side frame, side lower frame and side upper frame between the rear end and the ground to prevent the deformation of each frame. When the state of re-casting the tunnel lining concrete is reached, a working cycle is completed; (9) Transfer operation: After the tunnel lining concrete pouring is completed, the lining formwork vehicle is transferred. The lining formwork vehicle is transferred from the expanded to the retracted state, and goes through the demoulding steps, disassembling the top formwork, side formwork and adjustment formwork, retracting the telescopic rods of the third, first and second telescopic hydraulic cylinders to drive the side upper frame and side lower frame to be retracted inward to the two sides of the car body plate, starting the telescopic rod of the retracting and lifting hydraulic cylinder to lift the front end of the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder upward, so that the side upper frame and side lower frame and the universal wheels on the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder are off the ground, retracting the telescopic rods of each adjustment hydraulic cylinder and the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder so that the side upper and lower frames are located on the side of the car body plate, retracting the telescopic rods of each fourth or fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder to drive the telescopic pillars to retract into the bottom pillars, and the top frame and top side frame also move synchronously close to the upper part of the car body plate, and closing the telescopic hydraulic cylinders; The lining formwork vehicle is towed to the next tunnel lining construction site by external traction force.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment of the side lower frame and the side upper frame and the top frame and the top side frame includes adjusting the height of the lower side frames and the side upper frames by the universal wheels on the telescopic rods of the hydraulic cylinders at the lower ends of the two side lower frames, and adjusting the symmetrical height or asymmetrical height of each lifting hydraulic cylinder and the first telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and completing the asymmetrical height installation of the side lower frames and the side upper frames by adjusting the template to cooperate with the side template; The telescopic rod of the fifth telescopic hydraulic cylinder supports the middle part of the lower end of the telescopic pillar so that the telescopic pillar extends upward along the bottom pillar to adjust the height of the top frame and the angle of the corresponding side top frame supported by the telescopic rod of each fourth telescopic hydraulic cylinder, thereby completing the adjustment of the symmetrical height and curvature or asymmetrical height and curvature of the top frame and the top side frame.

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