Dual power supply switching circuit and dual power supply switching method

Abstract

The application discloses a dual-power switching circuit and a dual-power switching method. The circuit comprises a hardware switching circuit, a software switching circuit, a backup power supply circuit, a secondary power supply circuit and a competition control circuit. The competition control circuit comprises a first competition control module, a second competition control module and an inverting module. The output end of the hardware switching circuit is connected with the first competition control module and used for inputting a hardware control signal to the first competition control module. The output end of the software switching circuit is connected with the second competition control module and used for inputting a software control signal to the second competition control module. The output end of the first competition control module and the output end of the second competition control module are simultaneously connected with the input end of the backup power supply circuit and the input end of the inverting module. The output end of the inverting module is connected with the input end of the secondary power supply circuit and used for enabling the competition control circuit to control the conduction switching of the backup power supply circuit and the secondary power supply circuit according to the hardware control signal and the software control signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of automotive control, and in particular to a dual power supply switching circuit and a dual power supply switching method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the technologies applied to electric vehicles are also constantly advancing. Various car manufacturers have proposed a dual power supply mode, which uses both main power and backup power to ensure that the vehicle can continuously, safely and reliably provide sufficient power to the on-board equipment during operation.

[0003] Traditional dual-power switching circuits typically involve designing two separate circuits: one for the main power supply and the other for a backup power supply. These circuits are complex and require manual intervention to select and switch power. Therefore, in the event of an emergency or a loss of the vehicle's main power, they cannot automatically and promptly switch to the backup power supply. This can easily lead to the loss of critical data recording and the inability to send emergency signals, posing certain safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, this application provides a dual power switching circuit and a dual power switching method, which can solve the technical problem that existing dual power switching cannot automatically and timely switch to the backup power when encountering an emergency or when the vehicle's main power fails, which can easily lead to the loss of key data recording and the inability to send emergency signals, thus posing certain safety hazards.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a dual power supply switching circuit is provided in the first aspect of this application. The dual power supply switching circuit includes: a hardware switching circuit, a software switching circuit, a backup power supply circuit, a secondary power supply circuit, and a contention control circuit. The contention control circuit includes a first contention control module, a second contention control module, and an inverting module.

[0006] The output terminal of the hardware switching circuit is connected to the input terminal of the first contention control module, and is used to input hardware control signals to the first contention control module;

[0007] The output of the software switching circuit is connected to the input of the second contention control module, and is used to input software control signals to the second contention control module.

[0008] The output terminals of the first contention control module and the second contention control module are simultaneously connected to the input terminal of the backup power circuit and the input terminal of the inverting module. The output terminal of the inverting module is connected to the input terminal of the secondary power circuit. The first contention control module and the second contention control module are configured or controlled by the inverting module to enable the contention control circuit to control the switching of the backup power circuit and the secondary power circuit according to one of the hardware control signal and the software control signal.

[0009] Optionally, the hardware switching circuit includes an NPN transistor Q01, a voltage divider resistor R01, a voltage divider resistor R02, and a pull-up resistor R03;

[0010] The first end of the voltage divider resistor R01 is connected to the main power supply, the second end of the voltage divider resistor R01 is connected to the first end of the voltage divider resistor R02, the second end of the voltage divider resistor R02 is grounded, and the voltage divider resistor R01 and the voltage divider resistor R02 form a voltage divider circuit to convert the main power supply voltage into a control voltage.

[0011] The base of the NPN transistor Q01 is connected to the second end of the voltage divider resistor R01 and the first end of the voltage divider resistor R02. The collector of the NPN transistor Q01 serves as the output terminal of the hardware switching circuit and is connected to the first end of the pull-up resistor R03 and the input terminal of the first contention control module. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q01 is grounded.

[0012] The second end of the pull-up resistor R03 is connected to the backup power supply;

[0013] The hardware switching circuit is used to input a hardware control signal with a voltage of 0 from the collector of the NPN transistor Q01 to the first contention control module when the main power supply voltage is greater than a preset threshold, or to input a hardware control signal with a voltage of the backup power supply voltage from the collector of the NPN transistor Q01 to the first contention control module when the main power supply voltage is less than the preset threshold.

[0014] Optionally, the software switching circuit includes a level conversion module and a pull-down resistor R05;

[0015] The input terminal of the level conversion module is connected to the I / O port of the controller and the first terminal of the pull-down resistor R05. The output terminal of the level conversion module serves as the output terminal of the software switching circuit and is connected to the input terminal of the second contention control module. The second terminal of the pull-down resistor R05 is grounded.

[0016] The software switching circuit is used to input a software control signal with a voltage of 0 to the second contention control module from the output terminal of the level conversion module when the IO port is in open-drain state or the IO port outputs a low-level signal, or to input a software control signal with a voltage of the backup power supply voltage to the second contention control module from the output terminal of the level conversion module when the IO port outputs a high-level signal.

[0017] Optionally, the level conversion module includes: an N-type field-effect transistor M01, an N-type field-effect transistor M02, a pull-up resistor R06, and a pull-up resistor R07;

[0018] The gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M01 serves as the input terminal of the level conversion module, and is connected to the I / O port of the controller and the first terminal of the pull-down resistor R05. The source of the N-type field-effect transistor M01 is grounded, and the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M01 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R06.

[0019] The gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M02 is connected to the first end of the pull-up resistor R06, the source of the N-type field-effect transistor M02 is grounded, and the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M02 serves as the output terminal of the level conversion module, and is connected to the first end of the pull-up resistor R07 and the input terminal of the second contention control module.

[0020] The second terminals of the pull-up resistor R06 and the second terminals of the pull-up resistor R07 are respectively connected to the backup power supply.

[0021] Optionally, the level conversion module includes: an NPN transistor Q02, an NPN transistor Q03, a pull-up resistor R06, and a pull-up resistor R07;

[0022] The base of the NPN transistor Q03 serves as the input terminal of the level conversion module, and is connected to the I / O port of the controller and the first terminal of the pull-down resistor R05. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q03 is grounded, and the collector of the NPN transistor Q03 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R06.

[0023] The base of the NPN transistor Q02 is connected to the first end of the pull-up resistor R06, the emitter of the NPN transistor Q02 is grounded, and the collector of the NPN transistor Q02 serves as the output terminal of the level conversion module, and is connected to the first end of the pull-up resistor R07 and the input terminal of the second contention control module.

[0024] The second terminals of the pull-up resistor R06 and the second terminals of the pull-up resistor R07 are respectively connected to the backup power supply.

[0025] Optionally, the backup power supply circuit includes a P-type field-effect transistor M11, a P-type field-effect transistor M12, an N-type field-effect transistor M13, and a pull-up resistor R11;

[0026] The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the backup power supply, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M13 and the first end of the pull-up resistor R11, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the second end of the pull-up resistor R11.

[0027] The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the voltage output terminal, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M13 and the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R11, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the second terminal of the pull-up resistor R11.

[0028] The source of the N-type field-effect transistor M13 is grounded, and the gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M13 serves as the input terminal of the backup power supply circuit. It is connected to the output terminal of the first contention control module and the output terminal of the second contention control module to receive the hardware control signal and the software control signal.

[0029] The backup power circuit is used to control the backup power path to be turned on in response to the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal being the backup power voltage.

[0030] Optionally, the backup power supply circuit includes a P-type field-effect transistor M11, a P-type field-effect transistor M12, an NPN transistor Q11, and a pull-up resistor R11;

[0031] The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the backup power supply, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q11 and the first end of the pull-up resistor R11, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the second end of the pull-up resistor R11.

[0032] The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the voltage output terminal, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q11 and the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R11, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the second terminal of the pull-up resistor R11.

[0033] The emitter of the NPN transistor Q11 is grounded, and the base of the NPN transistor Q11 serves as the input terminal of the backup power supply circuit. It is connected to the output terminals of the first contention control module and the second contention control module to receive the hardware control signal and the software control signal.

[0034] The backup power circuit is used to control the backup power path to be turned on in response to the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal being the backup power voltage.

[0035] Optionally, the secondary power supply circuit includes a P-type field-effect transistor M21, a P-type field-effect transistor M22, an N-type field-effect transistor M23, and a pull-up resistor R21;

[0036] The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the secondary power supply, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M23 and the first end of the pull-up resistor R21, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the second end of the pull-up resistor R21.

[0037] The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the voltage output terminal, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M23 and the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R21, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the second terminal of the pull-up resistor R21.

[0038] The source of the N-type field-effect transistor M23 is grounded, and the gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M23 serves as the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit and is connected to the output terminal of the inverting module.

[0039] The secondary power supply circuit is used to control the secondary power supply power path to be turned on in response to the voltage of the hardware control signal being 0 and the voltage of the software control signal being 0.

[0040] Optionally, the secondary power supply circuit includes a P-type field-effect transistor M21, a P-type field-effect transistor M22, an NPN transistor Q21, and a pull-up resistor R21;

[0041] The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the secondary power supply, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q21 and the first end of the pull-up resistor R21, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the second end of the pull-up resistor R21.

[0042] The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the voltage output terminal, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q21 and the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R21, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the second terminal of the pull-up resistor R21.

[0043] The emitter of the NPN transistor Q21 is grounded, and the base of the NPN transistor Q21 serves as the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit, which is connected to the output terminal of the inverting module.

[0044] The secondary power supply circuit is used to control the secondary power supply power path to be turned on in response to the voltage of the hardware control signal being 0 and the voltage of the software control signal being 0.

[0045] Optionally, the first competition control module is a diode D01.

[0046] Optionally, the second contention control module is diode D02.

[0047] Optionally, the inverting module includes: a pull-up resistor R22 and an N-type field-effect transistor M24;

[0048] The gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M24 serves as the input terminal of the inverting module and is connected to the output terminals of the first competition control module and the second competition control module. The source of the N-type field-effect transistor M24 is grounded, and the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M24 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 and the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit. The second terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 is connected to the backup power supply.

[0049] The inverting module is used to input 0 voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal is the backup power supply voltage; or to input the backup power supply voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal is 0 voltage.

[0050] Optionally, the inverting module includes: a pull-up resistor R22 and an NPN transistor Q22;

[0051] The base of the NPN transistor Q22 serves as the input terminal of the inverting module and is connected to the output terminals of the first competition control module and the second competition control module. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q22 is grounded, and the collector of the NPN transistor Q22 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 and the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit. The second terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 is connected to the backup power supply.

[0052] The inverting module is used to input 0 voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal is the backup power supply voltage; or to input the backup power supply voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal is 0 voltage.

[0053] Optionally, the contention control circuit further includes: a pull-down resistor R04, which is used to ground the output terminal of the first contention control module when the voltage of the hardware control signal is 0, and to ground the output terminal of the second contention control module when the voltage of the software control signal is 0.

[0054] A second aspect of this application provides a dual power supply switching method, which is applied to the aforementioned dual power supply switching circuit, including:

[0055] The competition control circuit receives hardware control signals sent by the hardware switching circuit and / or software control signals sent by the software switching circuit.

[0056] The hardware control signal and / or the software control signal are sent to the backup power circuit using the competition control circuit, so that the backup power circuit responds to the backup power voltage in response to the hardware control signal or the software control signal, thereby controlling the backup power path to be turned on.

[0057] The hardware control signal and the software control signal are inverted using the competition control circuit, and the inverted hardware control signal and the inverted software control signal are sent to the secondary power supply circuit so that the secondary power supply circuit responds to the voltage of the inverted hardware control signal being 0 and the voltage of the inverted software control signal being 0, thereby controlling the secondary power supply power path to be turned on.

[0058] A third aspect of this application provides a vehicle that includes the aforementioned dual power supply switching circuit.

[0059] This invention provides a dual-power switching circuit and method. The dual-power switching circuit includes a hardware switching circuit, a software switching circuit, a backup power supply circuit, a secondary power supply circuit, and a contention control circuit. The hardware switching circuit enables passive hardware switching between the two power supplies, while the software switching circuit enables software-controlled switching. Furthermore, the contention control circuit ensures that hardware and software switching do not conflict. This invention enriches the forms of dual-power switching, enabling automated execution and applicability to various scenarios. In emergency situations or when the vehicle's main power supply fails, the hardware or software switching circuit can promptly switch to the backup power supply, allowing the backup battery to record critical data or send emergency signals, thus ensuring the driving safety of electric vehicles.

[0060] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0061] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0062] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the circuit structure of a dual power supply switching circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0063] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another dual-power switching circuit provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0064] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a dual-power switching method provided by an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0065] In the picture:

[0066] 1-Hardware switching circuit;

[0067] 2-Software switching circuit, 21-Level conversion module;

[0068] 3- Backup power supply circuit;

[0069] 4- Secondary power supply circuit;

[0070] 5-Competition control circuit, 51-First competition control module, 52-Second competition control module, 53-Inverting module. Detailed Implementation

[0071] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0072] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0073] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0074] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0075] The following is combined Figures 1 to 2 A dual power supply switching circuit is described according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0076] An embodiment of the present invention provides a dual power supply switching circuit, such as... Figure 1 or Figure 2 As shown, the dual power supply switching circuit includes: a hardware switching circuit 1, a software switching circuit 2, a backup power supply circuit 3, a secondary power supply circuit 4, and a contention control circuit 5 (not shown in the figure). The contention control circuit includes a first contention control module 51, a second contention control module 52, and an inverting module 53. The output terminal of the hardware switching circuit 1 is connected to the input terminal of the first contention control module 51 to input hardware control signals to the first contention control module 51. The output terminal of the software switching circuit 2 is connected to the input terminal of the second contention control module 52 to input software control signals to the second contention control module 52. The output terminals of the first contention control module 51 and the second contention control module 52 are simultaneously connected to the input terminals of the backup power supply circuit 3 and the inverting module 53. The output terminal of the inverting module 53 is connected to the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit 4. The first contention control module 51 and the second contention control module 52 are configured or controlled by the inverting module 53 to enable the contention control circuit 5 to control the switching of the backup power supply circuit 3 and the secondary power supply circuit 4 according to one of the hardware control signals and the software control signals.

[0077] The control mechanism involves controlling the backup power circuit 3 or the secondary power circuit 4 to conduct based on hardware control signals or software control signals. For example, as one possible implementation, when the voltage of the input hardware control signal or software control signal is the backup power voltage, the first contention control module 51 or the second contention control module 52 will input the backup power voltage into the backup power circuit 3, thus connecting the backup power path. Simultaneously, the first contention control module 51 or the second contention control module 52 will input the backup power voltage into the inverting module 53, which inverts the backup power voltage to a low level "0" and inputs this low level "0" into the secondary power circuit 4, disconnecting the secondary power path. As one possible implementation, when both the input hardware control signal voltage and the software control signal voltage are 0, the first contention control module 51 or the second contention control module 52 will input a low-level "0" to the backup power circuit 3, disconnecting the backup power path. Simultaneously, the first contention control module 51 or the second contention control module 52 will input a low-level "0" to the inverting module 53. The inverting module 53 will invert the low-level "0" to the backup power voltage and input it to the secondary power circuit 4, turning on the secondary power path. That is, when the backup power path is on, the secondary power path is off; when the backup power path is off, the secondary power path is on, thus enabling switching between the backup power circuit and the secondary power circuit.

[0078] Specifically, the first contention control module 51 can receive the hardware control signal sent by the hardware switching circuit, and the second contention control module 52 can receive the software control signal sent by the software switching circuit. The first contention control module 51 sends the hardware control signal to the backup power circuit 3 and sends the inverted hardware control signal to the secondary power circuit 4. The second contention control module 52 sends the software control signal to the backup power circuit 3 and sends the inverted software control signal to the secondary power circuit 4. The backup power circuit 3 can respond to the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal being the backup power voltage and control the backup power path to conduct, that is, switch from the secondary power circuit to the backup power circuit. The secondary power circuit 4 can respond to the voltage of the inverted hardware control signal being the backup power voltage and / or the voltage of the inverted software control signal being the backup power voltage and control the secondary power path to conduct, that is, switch from the backup power circuit to the secondary power circuit.

[0079] Among them, Figure 1 , Figure 2In this context, Vmain represents the main power supply voltage, derived from the main battery. The typical voltage of the main power supply is 14V, with a voltage range of 6-18V. Vbkp represents the backup power supply voltage, derived from the backup battery. The typical voltage of the backup power supply is 5V, with a voltage range of 3.5-5.5V. Vsnd represents the secondary power supply voltage, converted from the main power supply through a step-down chip. The typical voltage of the secondary power supply is 5V. Vdrive represents the voltage value in the hardware control signal or software control signal. Vo represents the output voltage, which requires a voltage output of 5V. CS represents the level signal, derived from the controller and controlled by software input.

[0080] In specific application scenarios, as a preferred implementation method, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the hardware switching circuit 1 includes an NPN transistor Q01, voltage divider resistors R01 and R02, and a pull-up resistor R03. The first terminal of voltage divider resistor R01 is connected to the main power supply, the second terminal of R01 is connected to the first terminal of voltage divider resistor R02, and the second terminal of voltage divider resistor R02 is grounded. Voltage divider resistors R01 and R02 form a voltage divider circuit to convert the main power supply voltage into a control voltage Vmain2. The base of NPN transistor Q01 is connected to the second terminal of voltage divider resistor R01 and the first terminal of voltage divider resistor R02. The collector of NPN transistor Q01... As the output terminal of the hardware switching circuit 1, it is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R03 and the input terminal of the first contention control module 51. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q01 is grounded. The second terminal of the pull-up resistor R03 is connected to the backup power supply. The hardware switching circuit 1 is used to input a hardware control signal with a voltage of 0 from the collector of the NPN transistor Q01 to the first contention control module 51 when the main power supply voltage is greater than a preset threshold, or to input a hardware control signal with a voltage of the backup power supply voltage from the collector of the NPN transistor Q01 to the first contention control module 51 when the main power supply voltage is less than the preset threshold.

[0081] Specifically, when the control voltage Vmain2 is greater than the base-emitter saturation voltage Vbesat(q01) of the NPN transistor Q01, Q01 is turned on, and the collector voltage Vc(q01) of Q01 is 0; when the control voltage Vmain2 is less than the base-emitter saturation voltage Vbesat(q01) of the NPN transistor Q01, Q01 is turned off, and the collector voltage Vc(q01) of Q01 is zero, meaning the output software control signal is 0. Furthermore, the aforementioned preset threshold can be calculated as follows:

[0082]

[0083] That is, when Vmain is greater than Vmain(th), Vc(q01) is 0, the secondary power supply Vsnd is turned on to output voltage Vo, and the backup power supply Vbkp is turned off to output voltage Vo; when Vmain is less than Vmain(th), Vc(q01) is the backup power supply voltage, the secondary power supply Vsnd is turned off to output voltage Vo, and the backup power supply Vbkp is turned on to output voltage Vo.

[0084] In specific application scenarios, such as Figure 1 or Figure 2 As shown, the software switching circuit 2 includes a level conversion module 21 and a pull-down resistor R05. The input terminal of the level conversion module 21 is connected to the controller's I / O port (CS terminal) and the first terminal of the pull-down resistor R05. The output terminal of the level conversion module 21 serves as the output terminal of the software switching circuit 2 and is connected to the input terminal of the second contention control module 52. The second terminal of the pull-down resistor R05 is grounded. The software switching circuit 2 is used to input a software control signal with a voltage of 0 to the second contention control module 52 from the output terminal of the level conversion module 21 when the I / O port is in an open-drain state or outputs a low-level signal; or, when the I / O port outputs a high-level signal, to input a software control signal with a voltage of the backup power supply voltage to the second contention control module 52 from the output terminal of the level conversion module 21. The level conversion module 21 is used to prevent Vbkp from coupling with CS.

[0085] Accordingly, as an optional implementation method, such as Figure 1As shown, the level conversion module 21 includes: an N-type field-effect transistor (FET) M01, an N-type field-effect transistor (FET) M02, a pull-up resistor R06, and a pull-up resistor R07. The gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M01 serves as the input terminal of the level conversion module 21, connected to the I / O port of the controller and the first terminal of the pull-down resistor R05. The source of the N-type field-effect transistor M01 is grounded, and the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M01 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R06. The gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M02 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R06, the source of the N-type field-effect transistor M02 is grounded, and the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M02 serves as the output terminal of the level conversion module 21, connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R07, and the input terminal of the second competition control module 52. The second terminals of the pull-up resistor R06 and the second terminals of the pull-up resistor R07 are respectively connected to the backup power supply. Specifically, when the IO port is in open-drain state or outputs a low-level signal (CS is 0), the gate-source voltage Vgs(m01) of the N-type field-effect transistor M01 is 0, M01 is off, the gate-source voltage Vgs(m02) of the N-type field-effect transistor M02 is the backup power supply voltage, M02 is on, and the drain voltage Vd(m02) of M02 is 0, that is, the output software control signal is 0. At this time, the secondary power supply Vsnd connects to output voltage Vo, and the backup power supply Vbkp disconnects Vo. When the IO port outputs a high-level signal (CS is 1), Vgs(m01) is high (depending on the controller IO voltage), M01 is on; Vgs(m02) is 0, M02 is off, the drain voltage Vd(m02) of M02 is the backup power supply voltage, that is, the output software control signal is the backup power supply voltage. At this time, the secondary power supply Vsnd disconnects output voltage Vo, and the backup power supply Vbkp connects Vo.

[0086] Correspondingly, as another alternative implementation, such as Figure 2As shown, the level conversion module 21 may further include: an NPN transistor Q02, an NPN transistor Q03, a pull-up resistor R06, and a pull-up resistor R07; the base of the NPN transistor Q03 serves as the input terminal of the level conversion module 21, connected to the I / O port of the controller and the first terminal of the pull-down resistor R05; the emitter of the NPN transistor Q03 is grounded; and the collector of the NPN transistor Q03 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R06; the base of the NPN transistor Q02 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R06; the emitter of the NPN transistor Q02 is grounded; and the collector of the NPN transistor Q02 serves as the output terminal of the level conversion module 21, connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R07 and the input terminal of the second competition control module 52; the second terminals of the pull-up resistor R06 and the second terminals of the pull-up resistor R07 are respectively connected to the backup power supply. Specifically, when the I / O port is in open-drain mode or outputs a low-level signal (CS is 0), the base-emitter voltage Vbe(q03) of the NPN transistor Q03 is 0, Q03 is off, the base-emitter voltage Vbe(q02) of the NPN transistor Q02 is the backup power supply voltage, Q02 is on, and the collector voltage Vc(q02) of Q02 is 0, that is, the output software control signal is 0. At this time, the secondary power supply Vsnd connects to the output voltage Vo, and the backup power supply Vbkp disconnects Vo. When the I / O port outputs a high-level signal (CS is 1), Vbe(q03) is high (depending on the controller I / O voltage), Q03 is on; Vbe(q02) is 0, Q02 is off, the collector voltage Vc(q02) of Q02 is the backup power supply voltage, that is, the output software control signal is the backup power supply voltage. At this time, the secondary power supply Vsnd disconnects the output voltage Vo, and the backup power supply Vbkp connects Vo.

[0087] In specific application scenarios, as an optional implementation method, such as Figure 1As shown, the backup power supply circuit 3 includes a P-type field-effect transistor M11, a P-type field-effect transistor M12, an N-type field-effect transistor M13, and a pull-up resistor R11; wherein, M11 is used to prevent Vo from flowing backward into Vbkp, M12 is used to control Vbkp to conduct Vo; R11 is used to provide a pull-up source; and M13 is used to receive control signals. Specifically, the drain of P-type MOSFET M11 is connected to the backup power supply, the gate of P-type MOSFET M11 is connected to the drain of N-type MOSFET M13 and the first end of pull-up resistor R11, and the source of P-type MOSFET M11 is connected to the second end of pull-up resistor R11; the drain of P-type MOSFET M12 is connected to the voltage output terminal, the gate of P-type MOSFET M12 is connected to the drain of N-type MOSFET M13 and the first end of pull-up resistor R11, and the source of P-type MOSFET M12 is connected to the second end of pull-up resistor R11; the source of N-type MOSFET M13 is grounded, and the gate of N-type MOSFET M13 serves as the input terminal of the backup power supply circuit, connected to the output terminals of the first contention control module and the second contention control module, for receiving hardware control signals and software control signals; wherein, the backup power supply circuit is used to respond to the backup power supply voltage in response to the hardware control signal or software control signal, and controls the backup power supply power path to conduct. Specifically, when the voltage of the hardware control signal or software control signal is 0, the gate-source voltage Vgs(m13) of the N-type field-effect transistor M13 is 0, M13 is disconnected, and the drain voltage Vd(m13) of M13 is the backup power supply voltage. The gate-source voltage Vgs(m11) of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 and the gate-source voltage Vgs(m12) of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 are 0, and M11 and M12 are disconnected (M11 is still connected through the gate-source voltage). When the body diode is on, the backup power path is off; when the voltage of the hardware control signal or software control signal is the backup power voltage, Vgs(m13) is greater than the gate-source threshold voltage Vgsth(m13) of the N-type field-effect transistor M13, M13 is on, Vd(m13) is 0, Vgs(m11) and Vgs(m12) are -Vbkp, M11 and M12 are on, that is, the backup power path is on.

[0088] Correspondingly, as another alternative implementation, such as Figure 2As shown, the backup power supply circuit 3 may also include a P-type field-effect transistor M11, a P-type field-effect transistor M12, an NPN transistor Q11, and a pull-up resistor R11; wherein, M11 is used to prevent Vo from flowing backward into Vbkp, M12 is used to control Vbkp to Vo conduction; R11 is used to provide a pull-up source; and the NPN transistor Q11 is used to receive control signals. Specifically, the drain of P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the backup power supply, the gate of P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the collector of NPN transistor Q11 and the first end of pull-up resistor R11, and the source of P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the second end of pull-up resistor R11; the drain of P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the voltage output terminal, the gate of P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the collector of NPN transistor Q11 and the first end of pull-up resistor R11, and the source of P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the second end of pull-up resistor R11; the emitter of NPN transistor Q11 is grounded, and the base of NPN transistor Q11 serves as the input terminal of the backup power supply circuit, connected to the output terminals of the first contention control module and the second contention control module, for receiving hardware control signals and software control signals; wherein, the backup power supply circuit is used to respond to the backup power supply voltage in response to the hardware control signal or software control signal, and controls the conduction of the backup power supply power path. Specifically, when the voltage of the hardware control signal or software control signal is 0, the base-emitter voltage Vbe(q11) of the NPN transistor Q11 is 0, Q11 is off, the gate-source voltage Vgs(m11) of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 and the gate-source voltage Vgs(m12) of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 are 0, M11 and M12 are off (M11 is still conducting through the body diode), that is, the backup power path is turned off; when the voltage of the hardware control signal or software control signal is the backup power voltage, the base-emitter voltage Vbe(q11) of the NPN transistor Q11 is greater than the base-emitter saturation voltage Vbesat(q11) of Q11, Q11 is on, Vgs(m11) and Vgs(m12) are -Vbkp, M11 and M12 are on, that is, the backup power path is on.

[0089] In specific application scenarios, as an optional implementation method, such as Figure 1As shown, the secondary power supply circuit 4 includes a P-type field-effect transistor M21, a P-type field-effect transistor M22, an N-type field-effect transistor M23, and a pull-up resistor R21; wherein, M21 is used to prevent Vo from flowing backward to Vsnd, M22 is used to control Vsnd to conduct Vo; R21 is used to provide a pull-up source; and M23 is used to receive control signals. Specifically, the drain of P-type MOSFET M21 is connected to the secondary power supply; the gate of P-type MOSFET M21 is connected to the drain of N-type MOSFET M23 and the first terminal of pull-up resistor R21; the source of P-type MOSFET M21 is connected to the second terminal of pull-up resistor R21. The drain of P-type MOSFET M22 is connected to the voltage output terminal; the gate of P-type MOSFET M22 is connected to the drain of N-type MOSFET M23 and the first terminal of pull-up resistor R21; the source of P-type MOSFET M22 is connected to the second terminal of pull-up resistor R21. The source of N-type MOSFET M23 is grounded, and the gate of N-type MOSFET M23 serves as the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit, connected to the output terminal of the inverting module. The secondary power supply circuit is used to control the conduction of the secondary power supply power path in response to a hardware control signal voltage of 0 and a software control signal voltage of 0. Specifically, when the gate-source voltage Vgs(m12) of the N-type field-effect transistor M23 is 0, M23 is off, the drain voltage Vd(m23) of M23 is the backup power supply voltage, Vgs(m21) and Vgs(m22) are 0, and M21 and M22 are off (M21 is still conducting through the body diode), that is, the secondary power supply path is disconnected; when Vgs(m23) is greater than the gate-source threshold voltage Vgsth(m23) of the N-type field-effect transistor M23, M23 is on, the voltage Vd(m23) is 0, Vgs(m21) and Vgs(m22) are -Vsnd, and M21 and M22 are on, that is, the secondary power supply path is on.

[0090] In specific application scenarios, as another optional implementation method, such as Figure 2As shown, the secondary power supply circuit 4 includes a P-type field-effect transistor M21, a P-type field-effect transistor M22, an NPN transistor Q21, and a pull-up resistor R21; wherein, M21 is used to prevent Vo from flowing backward to Vsnd, M22 is used to control Vsnd to conduct to Vo; R21 is used to provide a pull-up source; and Q21 is used to receive control signals. Specifically, the drain of P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the secondary power supply; the gate of P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the collector of NPN transistor Q21 and the first terminal of pull-up resistor R21; and the source of P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the second terminal of pull-up resistor R21. The drain of P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the voltage output terminal; the gate of P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the collector of NPN transistor Q21 and the first terminal of pull-up resistor R21; and the source of P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the second terminal of pull-up resistor R21. The emitter of NPN transistor Q21 is grounded, and the base of NPN transistor Q21 serves as the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit, connected to the output terminal of the inverting module. The secondary power supply circuit is used to control the conduction of the secondary power supply power path in response to a hardware control signal voltage of 0 and a software control signal voltage of 0. Specifically, when the base-emitter voltage Vbe(q21) of the NPN transistor Q21 is 0, Q21 is off, Vgs(m21) and Vgs(m22) are 0, and M21 and M22 are off (M21 is still conducting through the body diode), that is, the secondary power supply path is disconnected; when Vbe(q21) is greater than the base-emitter saturation voltage Vbesat(q21) of Q21, Q21 is on, Vgs(m21) and Vgs(m22) are -Vsnd, and M21 and M22 are on, that is, the secondary power supply path is on.

[0091] In specific application scenarios, as an optional implementation method, such as Figure 1 or Figure 2 As shown, the first competition control module 51 is diode D01, and the second competition control module 52 can be diode D02.

[0092] In specific application scenarios, as an optional implementation method, such as Figure 1As shown, the inverting module 53 includes: a pull-up resistor R22 and an N-type field-effect transistor M24; the gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M24 serves as the input terminal of the inverting module 53, and is connected to the output terminals of the first competition control module 51 and the second competition control module 52; the source of the N-type field-effect transistor M24 is grounded; the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M24 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 and the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit 4; and the second terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 is connected to the backup power supply. The inverting module 53 is used to input 0 voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or software control signal is the backup power supply voltage; or to input the backup power supply voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or software control signal is 0 voltage.

[0093] In specific application scenarios, as another optional implementation method, such as Figure 2 As shown, the inverting module 53 includes: a pull-up resistor R22 and an NPN transistor Q22; the base of the NPN transistor Q22 serves as the input terminal of the inverting module 53, and is connected to the output terminals of the first competition control module 51 and the second competition control module 52; the emitter of the NPN transistor Q22 is grounded; the collector of the NPN transistor Q22 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 and the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit 4; and the second terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 is connected to the backup power supply. The inverting module 53 is used to input 0 voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or software control signal is the backup power supply voltage; or to input the backup power supply voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or software control signal is 0 voltage.

[0094] When the voltage of the hardware control signal or software control signal is the backup power supply voltage, Vdrive is always the backup power supply voltage; otherwise, Vdrive is 0. When Vdrive is the backup power supply voltage, M13 or Q11 in backup power supply circuit 3 is turned on, M11 and M12 are turned on, and the backup power supply power path is connected. Simultaneously, M24 or Q22 in inverter module 53 is turned on, M23 or Q21 in secondary power supply circuit 4 is turned off, and M21 and M22 are turned off, thus disconnecting the secondary power supply power path. When Vdrive is 0, M13 or Q11 in backup power supply circuit 3 is turned off, and M11 and M12 are turned off, thus disconnecting the backup power supply power path. Simultaneously, M24 or Q22 in inverter module 53 is turned off, M23 or Q21 in secondary power supply circuit 4 is turned on, and M21 and M22 are turned on, thus connecting the secondary power supply power path. Through a competition control circuit, Vbkp and Vsnd can be prevented from turning on simultaneously.

[0095] In specific application scenarios, as an optional implementation method, such as Figure 1 , 2As shown, the contention control circuit 5 further includes: a pull-down resistor R04, which is used to ground the output terminal of the first contention control module 51 when the voltage of the hardware control signal is 0, and to ground the output terminal of the second contention control module 52 when the voltage of the software control signal is 0.

[0096] It should be noted that, Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is merely a circuit example of the circuit implementation disclosed in this application. Based on the fact that the software switching circuit, backup power supply circuit, secondary power supply circuit, and competition control circuit can all correspond to two circuit connection methods, the dual power supply switching circuit may also include other implementable circuit combination connection methods. This is not exhaustive, but all such combinations should fall within the protection scope of this application. Accordingly, Figure 2 and Figure 1 In comparison, the advantages are: faster response speed, which can reduce the gap between Vbkp and Vsnd switching and reduce sink current, because the transistor does not have the capacitance effect of the MOSFET, which can reduce delay; the disadvantage is: the base-emitter junction of the transistor is equivalent to that of a diode, resulting in more leakage current.

[0097] The dual-power switching circuit provided in this embodiment allows for both passive hardware switching of the dual power supplies and software-controlled switching, achieved through a hardware switching circuit and a software switching circuit. Furthermore, the control based on a contention-based control circuit ensures that hardware and software switching do not conflict. This invention enriches the forms of dual-power switching, enabling automated execution and applicability to various scenarios. In emergency situations or when the vehicle's main power supply fails, the hardware or software switching circuit can promptly switch to the backup power supply, allowing the backup battery to record critical data or send emergency signals, thus fully ensuring the driving safety of the electric vehicle.

[0098] This invention provides a dual power supply switching method, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 This may include the following steps:

[0099] 101. Utilize a contention control circuit to receive hardware control signals sent by a hardware switching circuit, and / or receive software control signals sent by a software switching circuit.

[0100] In specific application scenarios, as an optional application scenario, when the hardware switching circuit loses power instantaneously, the hardware switching circuit can send a hardware control signal to the first contention control module in the contention control circuit. When the hardware switching circuit loses power slowly, after the software switching circuit recognizes the power failure state of the hardware switching circuit, the software switching circuit can send a software control signal to the second contention control module in the contention control circuit.

[0101] 102. Use a contention control circuit to send hardware control signals and / or software control signals to the backup power circuit, so that the backup power circuit responds to the backup power voltage in response to the hardware control signal or software control signal, thereby controlling the backup power path to conduct.

[0102] In this embodiment, when both the hardware control signal and the software control signal are 0, the voltage input to the backup power circuit is 0, and the backup power path is disconnected; when the hardware control signal and / or the software control signal is 1, the voltage input to the backup power circuit is the backup power voltage, and the backup power path is connected.

[0103] 103. The hardware control signal and the software control signal are inverted using a competition control circuit, and the inverted hardware control signal and the inverted software control signal are sent to the secondary power supply circuit so that the voltage of the secondary power supply circuit responds to the inverted hardware control signal as the backup power supply voltage and / or the voltage of the inverted software control signal as the backup power supply voltage, thereby controlling the conduction of the secondary power supply power path.

[0104] In this embodiment, when both the hardware control signal and the software control signal are 0, after the inversion processing of the inverting module, the voltage input to the secondary power supply circuit is the backup power supply voltage, and the secondary power supply power path is turned on; when the voltage of the hardware control signal is the backup power supply voltage, or the voltage of the software control signal is the backup power supply voltage, after the inversion processing of the inverting module, the voltage input to the secondary power supply circuit is 0, and the secondary power supply power path is turned off.

[0105] The dual-power switching method of this invention allows for passive hardware switching of dual power supplies using a hardware switching circuit, and software-controlled switching using a software switching circuit. Furthermore, based on a contention-based control circuit, it ensures that hardware and software switching do not conflict. This invention enriches the forms of dual-power switching, enabling automated execution and applicability to various scenarios. In emergency situations or when the vehicle's main power supply fails, the hardware or software switching circuits can promptly switch to the backup power supply, allowing the backup battery to record critical data or send emergency signals, thus fully ensuring the driving safety of electric vehicles.

[0106] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Therefore, if these modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents, this invention also intends to include these modifications and variations.

Claims

1. A dual power supply switching circuit, characterized in that, include: The system includes a hardware switching circuit, a software switching circuit, a backup power supply circuit, a secondary power supply circuit, and a contention control circuit. The contention control circuit includes a first contention control module, a second contention control module, and an inverting module. The output terminal of the hardware switching circuit is connected to the input terminal of the first contention control module, and is used to input hardware control signals to the first contention control module based on the main power supply voltage. The output of the software switching circuit is connected to the input of the second contention control module, and is used to input software control signals to the second contention control module based on the controller; The output terminals of the first contention control module and the second contention control module are simultaneously connected to the input terminal of the backup power circuit and the input terminal of the inverting module. The output terminal of the inverting module is connected to the input terminal of the secondary power circuit. The first contention control module and the second contention control module are configured or controlled by the inverting module to enable the contention control circuit to control the switching of the backup power circuit and the secondary power circuit according to one of the hardware control signal and the software control signal.

2. The dual power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hardware switching circuit includes an NPN transistor Q01, a voltage divider resistor R01, a voltage divider resistor R02, and a pull-up resistor R03; The first end of the voltage divider resistor R01 is connected to the main power supply, the second end of the voltage divider resistor R01 is connected to the first end of the voltage divider resistor R02, the second end of the voltage divider resistor R02 is grounded, and the voltage divider resistor R01 and the voltage divider resistor R02 form a voltage divider circuit to convert the main power supply voltage into a control voltage. The base of the NPN transistor Q01 is connected to the second end of the voltage divider resistor R01 and the first end of the voltage divider resistor R02. The collector of the NPN transistor Q01 serves as the output terminal of the hardware switching circuit and is connected to the first end of the pull-up resistor R03 and the input terminal of the first contention control module. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q01 is grounded. The second end of the pull-up resistor R03 is connected to the backup power supply; The hardware switching circuit is used to input a hardware control signal with a voltage of 0 from the collector of the NPN transistor Q01 to the first contention control module when the main power supply voltage is greater than a preset threshold, or to input a hardware control signal with a voltage of the backup power supply voltage from the collector of the NPN transistor Q01 to the first contention control module when the main power supply voltage is less than the preset threshold.

3. The dual power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The software switching circuit includes a level conversion module and a pull-down resistor R05; The input terminal of the level conversion module is connected to the I / O port of the controller and the first terminal of the pull-down resistor R05. The output terminal of the level conversion module serves as the output terminal of the software switching circuit and is connected to the input terminal of the second contention control module. The second terminal of the pull-down resistor R05 is grounded. The software switching circuit is used to input a software control signal with a voltage of 0 to the second contention control module from the output terminal of the level conversion module when the IO port is in open-drain state or the IO port outputs a low-level signal, or to input a software control signal with a voltage of the backup power supply voltage to the second contention control module from the output terminal of the level conversion module when the IO port outputs a high-level signal.

4. The dual power supply switching circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The level conversion module includes: N-type field-effect transistor M01, N-type field-effect transistor M02, pull-up resistor R06, and pull-up resistor R07; The gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M01 serves as the input terminal of the level conversion module, and is connected to the I / O port of the controller and the first terminal of the pull-down resistor R05. The source of the N-type field-effect transistor M01 is grounded, and the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M01 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R06. The gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M02 is connected to the first end of the pull-up resistor R06, the source of the N-type field-effect transistor M02 is grounded, and the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M02 serves as the output terminal of the level conversion module, and is connected to the first end of the pull-up resistor R07 and the input terminal of the second contention control module. The second terminals of the pull-up resistor R06 and the second terminals of the pull-up resistor R07 are respectively connected to the backup power supply.

5. The dual power supply switching circuit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The level conversion module includes: NPN transistor Q02, NPN transistor Q03, pull-up resistor R06, and pull-up resistor R07; The base of the NPN transistor Q03 serves as the input terminal of the level conversion module, and is connected to the I / O port of the controller and the first terminal of the pull-down resistor R05. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q03 is grounded, and the collector of the NPN transistor Q03 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R06. The base of the NPN transistor Q02 is connected to the first end of the pull-up resistor R06, the emitter of the NPN transistor Q02 is grounded, and the collector of the NPN transistor Q02 serves as the output terminal of the level conversion module, and is connected to the first end of the pull-up resistor R07 and the input terminal of the second contention control module. The second terminals of the pull-up resistor R06 and the second terminals of the pull-up resistor R07 are respectively connected to the backup power supply.

6. The dual power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backup power supply circuit includes a P-type field-effect transistor M11, a P-type field-effect transistor M12, an N-type field-effect transistor M13, and a pull-up resistor R11; The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the backup power supply, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M13 and the first end of the pull-up resistor R11, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the second end of the pull-up resistor R11. The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the voltage output terminal, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M13 and the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R11, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the second terminal of the pull-up resistor R11. The source of the N-type field-effect transistor M13 is grounded, and the gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M13 serves as the input terminal of the backup power supply circuit. It is connected to the output terminal of the first contention control module and the output terminal of the second contention control module to receive the hardware control signal and the software control signal. The backup power circuit is used to control the backup power path to be turned on in response to the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal being the backup power voltage.

7. The dual power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The backup power supply circuit includes a P-type field-effect transistor M11, a P-type field-effect transistor M12, an NPN transistor Q11, and a pull-up resistor R11; The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the backup power supply, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q11 and the first end of the pull-up resistor R11, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M11 is connected to the second end of the pull-up resistor R11. The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the voltage output terminal, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q11 and the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R11, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M12 is connected to the second terminal of the pull-up resistor R11. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q11 is grounded, and the base of the NPN transistor Q11 serves as the input terminal of the backup power supply circuit. It is connected to the output terminals of the first contention control module and the second contention control module to receive the hardware control signal and the software control signal. The backup power circuit is used to control the backup power path to be turned on in response to the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal being the backup power voltage.

8. The dual power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary power supply circuit includes a P-type field-effect transistor M21, a P-type field-effect transistor M22, an N-type field-effect transistor M23, and a pull-up resistor R21; The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the secondary power supply, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M23 and the first end of the pull-up resistor R21, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the second end of the pull-up resistor R21. The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the voltage output terminal, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M23 and the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R21, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the second terminal of the pull-up resistor R21. The source of the N-type field-effect transistor M23 is grounded, and the gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M23 serves as the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit and is connected to the output terminal of the inverting module. The secondary power supply circuit is used to control the secondary power supply power path to be turned on in response to the voltage of the hardware control signal being 0 and the voltage of the software control signal being 0.

9. The dual power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The secondary power supply circuit includes a P-type field-effect transistor M21, a P-type field-effect transistor M22, an NPN transistor Q21, and a pull-up resistor R21; The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the secondary power supply, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q21 and the first end of the pull-up resistor R21, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M21 is connected to the second end of the pull-up resistor R21. The drain of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the voltage output terminal, the gate of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the collector of the NPN transistor Q21 and the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R21, and the source of the P-type field-effect transistor M22 is connected to the second terminal of the pull-up resistor R21. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q21 is grounded, and the base of the NPN transistor Q21 serves as the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit, which is connected to the output terminal of the inverting module. The secondary power supply circuit is used to control the secondary power supply power path to be turned on in response to the voltage of the hardware control signal being 0 and the voltage of the software control signal being 0.

10. The dual power supply switching circuit according to any one of claims 1, 2, 6, and 7, characterized in that, The first competition control module is diode D01.

11. The dual power supply switching circuit according to any one of claims 1, 3 to 7, characterized in that, The second competition control module is diode D02.

12. The dual power supply switching circuit according to any one of claims 1, 8, and 9, characterized in that, The inverting module includes: a pull-up resistor R22 and an N-type field-effect transistor M24; The gate of the N-type field-effect transistor M24 serves as the input terminal of the inverting module and is connected to the output terminals of the first competition control module and the second competition control module. The source of the N-type field-effect transistor M24 is grounded, and the drain of the N-type field-effect transistor M24 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 and the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit. The second terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 is connected to the backup power supply. The inverting module is used to input 0 voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal is the backup power supply voltage; or to input the backup power supply voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal is 0 voltage.

13. The dual power supply switching circuit according to any one of claims 1, 8, and 9, characterized in that, The inverting module includes: a pull-up resistor R22 and an NPN transistor Q22; The base of the NPN transistor Q22 serves as the input terminal of the inverting module and is connected to the output terminals of the first competition control module and the second competition control module. The emitter of the NPN transistor Q22 is grounded, and the collector of the NPN transistor Q22 is connected to the first terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 and the input terminal of the secondary power supply circuit. The second terminal of the pull-up resistor R22 is connected to the backup power supply. The inverting module is used to input 0 voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal is the backup power supply voltage; or to input the backup power supply voltage to the secondary power supply circuit when the voltage of the hardware control signal or the software control signal is 0 voltage.

14. The dual power supply switching circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contention control circuit further includes a pull-down resistor R04, which is used to ground the output terminal of the first contention control module when the voltage of the hardware control signal is 0, and to ground the output terminal of the second contention control module when the voltage of the software control signal is 0.

15. A dual-power supply switching method, characterized in that, The method is applied to the dual power supply switching circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and the method includes: The competition control circuit receives hardware control signals sent by the hardware switching circuit based on the main power supply voltage, and / or receives software control signals sent by the software switching circuit based on the controller. The hardware control signal and / or the software control signal are sent to the backup power circuit using the competition control circuit, so that the backup power circuit responds to the backup power voltage in response to the hardware control signal or the software control signal, thereby controlling the backup power path to be turned on. The hardware control signal and the software control signal are inverted using the competition control circuit, and the inverted hardware control signal and the inverted software control signal are sent to the secondary power supply circuit so that the secondary power supply circuit responds to the voltage of the inverted hardware control signal as the backup power supply voltage and / or the voltage of the inverted software control signal as the backup power supply voltage, thereby controlling the secondary power supply power path to be turned on.

16. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a dual power supply switching circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.

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