Method of ore extraction

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of ore material extraction method, specifically: when setting working face, high-grade ore layer is left in the middle or upper part of the direction of the height of the wall, the top and bottom of the high-grade ore layer of the wall are top waste layer and bottom waste layer respectively, the top waste layer is low-grade ore layer, and the bottom waste layer includes low-grade ore layer and rock layer adjacent to the top and bottom, mining machine A and mining machine B are set on the same working face, mining machine A and mining machine B are respectively configured with small diameter roller and medium diameter roller, mining machine A is used to mine most of the high-grade ore layer in the length direction of working face, and mining machine B is used to cut most of the top and bottom waste layer in the length direction of working face, the remaining high-grade ore layer is mined by mining machine B, and the remaining top and bottom waste layer is cut by mining machine A, the top waste layer is cut to form roof, and the bottom waste layer is cut to form floor.The present application can significantly improve the mining efficiency and reduce the mining cost.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of ore extraction process, especially suitable for the mining of underground bauxite with medium-high grade ore layer thickness thin, working face roof condition is good or very good. BACKGROUND

[0002] There are a large number of hard materials such as bauxite rock in underground bauxite that need to be mined. Due to the high hardness of the material, a large cutting force is required, and the cutting head is also quickly worn out. Therefore, the cutting difficulty is great, and the hard rock blocks formed by cutting can also hinder the walking system of the mining machine and even cause the mining machine to be stuck, which has a great impact on the traction system of the mining machine. Therefore, the moving speed of the mining machine is usually much slower than that of the coal mining machine, and the output is also much smaller, resulting in high production cost. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide an ore extraction method to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of mining.

[0004] The main technical solution of the present application is as follows:

[0005] An ore extraction method, when laying out the working face, the medium-high grade ore layer is left in the middle or upper part of the height direction of the ore wall. The upper and lower parts of the medium-high grade ore layer of the ore wall are the top waste layer and the bottom waste layer respectively. The top waste layer is a low-grade ore layer, and the bottom waste layer includes low-grade ore layers and rock layers adjacent above and below. A mining machine A and a mining machine B are arranged on the same working face. The mining machine A and the mining machine B are respectively configured with a small diameter roller and a medium diameter roller. The mining machine A is used to mine most of the medium-high grade ore layer in the length direction of the working face, and then the mining machine B is used to cut most of the top and bottom waste layers in the length direction of the working face. The remaining medium-high grade ore layer is mined by the mining machine B, and the remaining top and bottom waste layers are cut by the mining machine A. The top waste layer is cut to form a roof, and the bottom waste layer is cut to form a floor.

[0006] When the mining machine A mines the medium-high grade ore layer, the mining machine B should stop; when the mining machine A cuts the waste layer, the mining machine B can run.

[0007] The cut medium-high grade ore and waste are transported by the same conveyor at different times. The waste is top waste and / or bottom waste. The top waste is low-grade ore, and the bottom waste is a mixture of low-grade ore and rock or low-grade ore.

[0008] The ore extraction method can include the following steps:

[0009] S1. The two ends of the working face are marked as A end and B end respectively, and the mining machine A and the mining machine B are parked at the A end and the B end of the working face respectively;

[0010] S2. Mining machine A walks to B end by a stop distance A plus a beveling distance A, then stops, the pushing device pushes the conveyor behind the walking direction of mining machine A from A end by a cutting depth distance, the length of the conveyor is equal to a stop distance A; the stop distance of mining machine A and mining machine B is called stop distance A and stop distance B respectively, the beveling distance of mining machine A and mining machine B is called beveling distance A and beveling distance B respectively;

[0011] S3. Mining machine A walks to A end while mining medium-high grade ore layer, until reaching A end and stopping, at this time mining machine A bevels into the ore body;

[0012] S4. The pushing device continues to push the conveyor, the terminal point of pushing is away from B end by a stop distance B plus a beveling distance B;

[0013] S5. Mining machine A walks to B end until reaching a stop distance B away from B end, walks while mining medium-high grade ore layer;

[0014] S6. Mining machine A returns to A end empty; mining machine B walks to A end by a stop distance B plus a beveling distance B, then stops, at this time mining machine B bevels into the ore body, mining machine B walks while cutting top and bottom waste layers;

[0015] S7. Mining machine A continues to return to A end empty until reaching a stop distance A away from A end; the pushing device continues to push the conveyor until B end, then mining machine B walks to B end until stopping, walks while cutting top and bottom waste layers;

[0016] S8. Mining machine A walks to A end until stopping, walks while the front of the walking direction of mining machine A swings to mine top waste layer; mining machine B walks to A end, walks while cutting top and bottom waste layers;

[0017] S9. Mining machine A walks to B end by a stop distance A, walks while cutting bottom waste layer; mining machine B continues to walk to A end while cutting top and bottom waste layers;

[0018] S10. Mining machine A returns to A end and stops; mining machine B continues to walk to A end while cutting top and bottom waste layers until cutting through top waste layer;

[0019] S11. Mining machine B walks to B end until stopping at B end, during which cutting through bottom waste layer at the position adjacent to mining machine A, thus completing a cycle of one cut; if the ore body is not mined out, return to step S2 to start the next cut.

[0020] In steps S8-S10, the support follows mining machine B to randomly support the exposed roof formed after cutting top waste layer.

[0021] In step S7, when the mining machine B mines the medium-high grade ore, if the cut ore meets the requirement of the medium-high grade ore, the cut ore is loaded into the conveyor as the medium-high grade ore, and the mining machine A is temporarily stopped and waits for control, and if the cut ore does not meet the requirement of the medium-high grade ore, the cut ore is loaded into the conveyor as waste.

[0022] Preferably, the end of the medium-high grade ore layer with a thicker layer is taken as the B end.

[0023] Preferably, the upper limit of the length of the working face is not less than 100 m.

[0024] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The two mining machines are used to jointly mine in the same working face, and the production capacity of the single face is greatly improved under the condition that the support and the conveyor are unchanged, and the economic benefit is greatly improved.

[0026] Due to the increased production capacity and the improved utilization rate of the working face equipment, the working face can be greatly lengthened, for example, from the original 100 m to 100 m-1000 m or even longer, which is equivalent to the length of more than one original working face, and the number of roadways between the working faces is significantly reduced, thereby greatly saving the engineering cost caused by the roadway excavation amount.

[0027] According to the characteristics of "low hardness of the ore and high hardness of the rock", the present application uses the small-diameter drum ore cutting of the mining machine A and the medium-diameter drum rock cutting of the mining machine B, fully utilizes the equipment capacity characteristics, and is beneficial to ensure the reliability; meanwhile, the grade of the mined ore is ensured, and the mining efficiency is improved.

[0028] Under the condition that the total mining height is unchanged, the present application can reduce the cutting amount of the mining machine on the rock with relatively high hardness located below the medium-high grade ore layer by mining the low-grade ore layer with relatively low hardness above the medium-high grade ore layer as the top waste, thereby reducing the wear of the mining machine and improving the working reliability of the mining machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the ore mining process of the present application;

[0030] Figure 2 The figure is a lateral schematic diagram of the working face equipment when the mining machine A mines the medium-high grade ore layer;

[0031] Figure 3 The figure is a lateral schematic diagram of the working face equipment when the mining machine B cuts off the top and bottom waste layers;

[0032] Figure 4Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the mining wall cutting state (mining machines A and B are parked at the initial position before cutting starts) ;

[0033] Figure 5 Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the mining wall cutting state (mining machine A is mining the medium-high grade ore layer, and mining machine B is parked at the initial position to wait) ;

[0034] Figure 6 Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the mining wall cutting state (mining machine B cuts off the top and bottom waste layer, and mining machine A returns to the initial position) ;

[0035] Figure 7 Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the mining wall cutting state (mining machine B returns to the initial position after cutting off most of the top and bottom waste layer, and mining machine A parks to wait after cutting off the top and bottom waste layer of the parking section). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] A. Mining machine A; B. Mining machine B; S. Conveyor; K. Medium-high grade ore; F. Waste (referring to low-grade ore or a mixture of low-grade ore and rock) ; Lt. Parking distance; Lx. Inclined cutting distance; T. Pushing device; Z. Support;

[0038] : Pull to this position; : Start pulling from this position; ‖: Stop pulling; : Pull (the arrow direction indicates the pulling direction) ; : Left and right reciprocating walking of the mining machine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present application discloses a kind of ore extraction methods, is a mechanized mining method, is suitable for medium-high grade ore layer thickness is thin, roof condition is good or very good working face.For example Figures 1-3As shown, the main working face equipment needed includes mining machine, conveyor S, support Z and pushing device T. Firstly, when laying out the working face, the middle-high grade ore layer should be left in the middle or upper part of the height direction of the wall, and the upper and lower parts of the middle-high grade ore layer in the wall are the top waste layer and the bottom waste layer respectively, the top waste layer is the low grade ore layer, and the bottom waste layer includes the low grade ore layer and the rock layer above and below. The middle-high grade ore K is the available ore, and the low grade ore and the rock are both waste F. Mining machine A and mining machine B are arranged on the same working face, mining machine A and mining machine B are respectively configured with small diameter roller and medium diameter roller, and the machine bodies of the two mining machines can be the same or different. Mining machine A is used to mine most of the middle-high grade ore layer in the length direction of the working face, and mining machine B is used to cut most of the top and bottom waste layer in the length direction of the working face, and the present application refers to this way as "small diameter roller mining of mining machine A and medium diameter roller rock cutting of mining machine B".

[0040] Due to the good roof condition, the middle-high grade ore layer mined by mining machine A is not supported temporarily, and does not affect the safety of the working face.

[0041] The present application combines the characteristics that the traction speed of the mining machine is much lower than the speed of the support pulling and the conveyor pushing, and proposes a high efficient mining way of one-face double-table mining machine combined operation. By increasing one mining machine and the corresponding small cost investment of supporting parts, the production capacity can be doubled or more, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.

[0042] Considering that the ore layer in the non-concentrated area is mostly thin layer, the present application proposes a mining and excavation way that mining machine A (with small power rocker arm and small diameter roller) is used to mine the ore with relatively low hardness, and mining machine B (with large power rocker arm and medium diameter roller) is used to mine the rock and other waste with relatively high hardness, which fully develops the capacity characteristics of each equipment and is beneficial to ensure the reliability of the working face; at the same time, it is also easier to ensure the grade of the ore and improve the mining efficiency. The diameter of the small diameter roller should be adapted to the thickness of the middle-high grade ore layer. The rocker arm and the roller of mining machine B should meet the requirements of mining height and loading.

[0043] In the case of unchanged total mining height, by mining the low grade ore layer with relatively low hardness above the middle-high grade ore layer as the top waste, the present application can reduce the cutting amount of mining machine B on the rock with relatively high hardness below the middle-high grade ore layer, so as to reduce the wear of the mining machine and improve the working reliability of the mining machine.

[0044] Further, when the mining machine A mines the middle-high grade ore layer, the mining machine B stops to avoid the waste mixed with the middle-high grade ore, and to ensure the middle-high grade ore can be cut and loaded cleanly. When the mining machine A cuts the waste layer, walks or stops, the mining machine B can run. When the two mining machines run simultaneously, the mining machine A cuts part of the waste layer to share the work of the mining machine B, to improve the mining efficiency and increase the production capacity.

[0045] The middle-high grade ore and the waste are cut and transported by the same conveyor at different times, and can reach different conveying endpoints, i.e. the ore bins, to ensure the grade of the ore. The waste is the top waste and / or the bottom waste. The top waste is the low grade ore, and the bottom waste is the mixture of the low grade ore and the rock or the low grade ore. If the low grade ore layer under the middle-high grade ore layer is thick enough, the rock layer does not need to be mined. In this case, the bottom waste is only the low grade ore.

[0046] The ore mining method can include the following steps:

[0047] S1. The two ends of the working face are marked as the A end and the B end (in this embodiment, which can correspond to the left end and the right end of the illustrated working face, respectively). The mining machine A and the mining machine B are parked at the A end and the B end of the working face, respectively, to prepare to start a new cut. At this time, the distribution of the middle-high grade ore layer and the waste layer on the mine wall is as shown in FIG. 1. Figure 4 As shown in FIG. 1, the mining machine A and the mining machine B each occupy a distance Lt in the stopped state, which is called the parking distance. In order to distinguish the parking distances of the mining machine A and the mining machine B, they can be called the parking distance A and the parking distance B, respectively.

[0048] S2. The mining machine A walks a parking distance A plus an oblique cutting distance A (the oblique cutting distance refers to the distance along the mine wall when the mining machine obliquely cuts into the cut, which is denoted as Lx, and in order to distinguish the corresponding distances of the mining machine A and the mining machine B, they can be called the oblique cutting distance A and the oblique cutting distance B, respectively) to the B end and stops; the shifting device shifts a section of the conveyor behind the walking direction of the mining machine A (i.e. the left side in the illustration) from the A end by a cutting depth, and the length of the section of the conveyor is equal to a parking distance A. After the shift, the conveyor will form an S-shaped bend, which is a preparation for the track of the oblique cutting of the mining machine A into the mine wall. The mining machine B stops at the B end and waits. In this step, the conveyor continuously runs to shovel part of the waste, and for the first cut mining, the shovelled waste is mainly the waste of the mine wall collapse, and for the subsequent cut mining, the shovelled waste also includes the waste generated in the previous cut mining process.

[0049] S3. The mining machine A mines the middle-high grade ore layer while walking to the A end, until it reaches the A end and parks there, at which time the mining machine A obliquely cuts into the mine wall.

[0050] S4. The pushing device continues to push the conveyor (the so-called continued pushing of the conveyor refers to pushing the conveyor to the mine wall by one slice depth with the same one-way pushing sequence from one end of the working face to the other end as the previous pushing, and the terminal point of the pushing is one stop distance B plus one beveling distance B from the B end. The conveyor continues to shovel out the waste material from one end to the other end. Similarly, the conveyor will form an S-shaped curve after pushing, which is ready for the mining machine B to bevel into the mine wall on the track.

[0051] S5. The mining machine A walks from the A end to the B end until it reaches a stop distance B from the B end, that is, it walks to the position adjacent to the mining machine B, and walks while mining the medium-high grade ore layer. After this step, the medium-high grade ore layer is basically mined (the medium-high grade ore layer in the stop section of the mining machine B, that is, the stop distance B range close to the B end, has not been mined), and the mining wall is mined as shown in Figure 5 . Figure 2 At this time, the top waste layer has not been cut off, and the support remains stationary (see ).

[0052] In the process of steps S1-S5, the mining machine A performs most of the mining of the medium-high grade ore layer, and the mining machine B is parked at the initial position. Since the roof condition is good, the support is not performed after the medium-high grade ore layer is mined (see Figure 2 ), but it does not affect the safety of the working face.

[0053] S6. The mining machine A returns to the A end empty, and the space formed by the mining machine A cutting off the medium-high grade ore layer becomes the passing space of the drum of the mining machine A at this time; the mining machine B walks to the A end by a stop distance B plus a beveling distance B and stops at this time, and the mining machine B bevels into the mine wall, and the mining machine B walks while cutting off the top and bottom waste layers.

[0054] S7. The mining machine A continues to return to the A end empty until it reaches a stop distance A from the A end; the pushing device continues to push the conveyor until the B end (that is, the B end is the terminal point of the pushing, and the conveyor is continued to be pushed), the S-shaped curve is eliminated, and then the mining machine B walks to the B end and stops, and walks while cutting off the top and bottom waste layers.

[0055] S8. The mining machine A walks to the A end and stops at the A end, and the front jib in the walking direction of the mining machine A mines the top waste layer while walking; the mining machine B walks to the A end and cuts off the top and bottom waste layers while walking. The mining wall cutting state is shown in Figure 6S9. Mining machine A walks to B end for a stop distance A, and cuts the bottom waste layer at the same time; in combination of steps S8 and S9, mining machine A needs to cut the top and bottom waste layers by itself in the stop distance A from A end (i.e. the parking section of mining machine A); mining machine B continues to walk to A end and cuts the top and bottom waste layers at the same time.

[0056] S10. Mining machine A returns to A end and stops; mining machine B continues to walk to A end and cuts the top and bottom waste layers at the same time until cutting through the top waste layer, at this time, mining machine B is about a stop distance A away from A end and is adjacent to mining machine A. After this step, most of the top and bottom waste layers are cut.

[0057] S11. Mining machine B walks to B end and stops when reaching B end, during which it cuts through the bottom waste layer at the position adjacent to mining machine A, thus completing a cycle of one pass, and the state of the mine wall is as shown in Figure 7 . If a part of the ore body is not mined, return to step S2 to start the next pass, if it has been mined, exit the loop and end the mining.

[0058] During steps S6-S11, mining machine B cuts most of the top and bottom waste layers, and mining machine A cuts the remaining top and bottom waste layers in the parking section after returning to the initial position.

[0059] Further, in the steps S8-S10, the support follows mining machine B to randomly support the exposed roof formed after cutting the top waste layer.

[0060] In the above step S7, when mining machine B mines medium-high grade ore, if the cut ore meets the requirements of medium-high grade ore, it is loaded into the conveyor as medium-high grade ore, and mining machine A is temporarily stopped for control to avoid mixing of small-diameter roller bottom waste; if the cut ore does not meet the requirements of medium-high grade ore, it is loaded into the conveyor as waste. Whether it meets the requirements of medium-high grade ore is mainly determined according to the size relationship between the diameter of the drum of mining machine B and the thickness of the medium-high grade ore layer at the corresponding position, for example, if the diameter of the drum of mining machine B exceeds the thickness of the medium-high grade ore layer at the corresponding position too much, the cut ore will have a high probability of not meeting the requirements of medium-high grade ore due to the mixing of a large amount of waste.

[0061] B end is the starting position of mining machine B, and is also the end close to the area where mining machine B mines a small amount of medium-high grade ore. It is preferred to take the end with thicker medium-high grade ore layer as B end. When comparing the thicknesses of medium-high grade ore layers at A and B ends, the average thickness of medium-high grade ore layers in a distance close to A end and B end respectively needs to be evaluated.

[0062] The upper limit of the length of the working face wall is preferably not less than 100 m, for example, 100-1000 m, or even longer. Compared with the original 100 m, the number of inter-wall roadways can be greatly reduced, thereby greatly saving the engineering cost corresponding to the amount of roadway excavation.

Claims

1. A method of mining material, characterised by: The high-grade ore layer is arranged in the middle or upper part of the mining wall during the layout of the working face, and the upper and lower parts of the high-grade ore layer in the mining wall are the top waste layer and the bottom waste layer respectively, the top waste layer is a low-grade ore layer, and the bottom waste layer includes the low-grade ore layer and the rock layer adjacent to the upper and lower parts, the mining machine A and the mining machine B are arranged on the same working face, the mining machine A is configured with a small-diameter roller, and the mining machine B is configured with a medium-diameter roller, the mining machine A is used to mine most of the high-grade ore layer in the length direction of the working face, and then the mining machine B is used to cut most of the top and bottom waste layers in the length direction of the working face, the remaining high-grade ore layer is mined by the mining machine B, and the remaining top and bottom waste layers are cut by the mining machine A, the top waste layer is cut to form a roof, and the bottom waste layer is cut to form a floor; The method comprises the following steps: S1. The two ends of the working face are marked as A end and B end respectively, and the mining machine A and the mining machine B are parked at the A end and the B end of the working face respectively; S2. The mining machine A stops after walking a parking distance A plus an oblique cutting distance A towards the B end, and the pushing device pushes a section of conveyor behind the walking direction of the mining machine A from the A end by a cutting depth, the length of the section of conveyor is equal to a parking distance A; the parking distances of the mining machine A and the mining machine B are respectively referred to as parking distance A and parking distance B, and the oblique cutting distances of the mining machine A and the mining machine B are respectively referred to as oblique cutting distance A and oblique cutting distance B; S3. The mining machine A mines the high-grade ore layer while walking towards the A end until it reaches the A end and is parked there, at this time, the mining machine A is obliquely cut into the mining wall; S4. The pushing device continues to push the conveyor, and the terminal point of the pushing is away from the B end by a parking distance B plus an oblique cutting distance B; S5. The mining machine A walks towards the B end until it reaches a position away from the B end by a parking distance B, and mines the high-grade ore layer while walking; S6. The mining machine A returns to the A end empty; the mining machine B stops after walking a parking distance B plus an oblique cutting distance B towards the A end, at this time, the mining machine B is obliquely cut into the mining wall, and the mining machine B mines the top and bottom waste layers while walking; S7. The mining machine A continues to return to the A end empty until it reaches a position away from the A end by a parking distance A; the pushing device continues to push the conveyor until the B end, and then the mining machine B walks towards the B end until it stops at the B end, and mines the high-grade ore layer while walking; S8. The mining machine A walks towards the A end until it stops at the A end, and the front arm in the walking direction of the mining machine A mines the top waste layer while walking; the mining machine B walks towards the A end, and cuts the top and bottom waste layers while walking; S9. The mining machine A walks a parking distance A towards the B end, and cuts the bottom waste layer while walking; the mining machine B continues to walk towards the A end while cutting the top and bottom waste layers; S10. The mining machine A returns to the A end and stops; the mining machine B continues to walk towards the A end while cutting the top and bottom waste layers until it cuts through the top waste layer; S11. The mining machine B walks towards the B end until it stops at the B end, and cuts through the bottom waste layer at the position adjacent to the mining machine A during the walking, and thus a cycle of one cut is completed; if the ore body is not mined completely, return to step S2 to start the next cut.

2. The method of mining material extraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the mining machine A mines the middle-high grade ore layer, the mining machine B stops; when the mining machine A cuts the waste layer, the mining machine B operates.

3. The method of mining material extraction according to claim 2, wherein: The middle-high grade ore and the waste cut by the cutting are transported by the same conveyor in time, the waste is the top waste and / or the bottom waste, the top waste is the low grade ore, and the bottom waste is the mixture of the low grade ore and rock or the low grade ore.

4. The method of mining material extraction according to claim 3, characterized in that: In steps S8-S10, the support follows the mining machine B to support the exposed roof formed after the top waste layer is cut.

5. The method of mining material extraction according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S7, when the mining machine B mines the middle-high grade ore, if the cut ore meets the requirements of the middle-high grade ore, the ore is loaded into the conveyor as the middle-high grade ore, and the mining machine A is temporarily stopped for control; if the cut ore does not meet the requirements of the middle-high grade ore, the ore is loaded into the conveyor as the waste.

6. The method of mining material extraction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The end of the middle-high grade ore layer with a thicker layer is taken as the B end.

7. The method of mining material defined in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 wherein: The upper limit of the length of the working face is not less than 100 m.

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