Timely support of the mining method of mineral aggregate

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of timely support's ore material extraction method, specifically for: when laying working face, high-grade ore layer is left in the upper portion of the direction of the height of the wall, the high-grade ore layer below the wall is bottom waste layer, bottom waste layer includes low-grade ore layer and rock layer adjacent to upper and lower, mining machine A, B are simultaneously arranged on the same working face, mining machine A, B are respectively configured small diameter roller and medium diameter roller, first mining machine A is used to exploit most of the high-grade ore layer in the length direction of working face, then mining machine B is used to cut most of the bottom waste layer in the length direction of working face, the remaining high-grade ore layer is exploited by mining machine B, the remaining bottom waste layer is cut by mining machine A, high-grade ore layer is cut to form exposed roof, bottom waste layer is cut to form floor, high-grade ore layer is cut and timely pull support to follow mining machine A and carry out random support to roof.The present application can significantly improve the efficiency of mining, reduce the cost of mining.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to a kind of ore extraction process, especially suitable for the mining of underground bauxite with medium-high grade ore layer thickness thin, general or poor roof conditions. BACKGROUND

[0002] There are a large number of hard materials such as bauxite rock in underground bauxite that need to be mined. Due to the high hardness of the material, a large cutting force is required, and the cutting head is also quickly worn out. Therefore, the cutting difficulty is great, and the hard rock blocks formed by cutting can easily hinder or even block the walking system of the mining machine, which has a great impact on the traction system of the mining machine. Therefore, the moving speed of the mining machine is usually much slower than that of the coal mining machine, and the output is also much smaller, resulting in high production cost. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a timely support ore extraction method to improve the efficiency of mining and reduce the cost of mining.

[0004] The main technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0005] A kind of timely support ore extraction method, when laying out the working face, the medium-high grade ore layer is left in the upper part of the height direction of the ore wall, and the bottom waste layer is below the medium-high grade ore layer of the ore wall. The bottom waste layer includes low-grade ore layer and rock layer adjacent to each other, mining machine A and mining machine B are arranged on the same working face, mining machine A and mining machine B are respectively configured with small diameter roller and medium diameter roller. First, mining machine A is used to mine most of the medium-high grade ore layer in the length direction of the working face, and then mining machine B is used to cut most of the bottom waste layer in the length direction of the working face. The remaining medium-high grade ore layer is mined by mining machine B, and the remaining bottom waste layer is cut by mining machine A. After cutting the medium-high grade ore layer, an exposed roof is formed, and a floor is formed after cutting the bottom waste layer. After cutting the medium-high grade ore layer, the support is timely pulled to the ore wall side to follow mining machine A for random support of the roof.

[0006] When mining machine A mines the medium-high grade ore layer, mining machine B stops; when mining machine A cuts the waste layer, mining machine B runs.

[0007] The cut medium-high grade ore and waste are transported by the same conveyor at different times. The waste is bottom waste, which is a mixture of low-grade ore and rock or low-grade ore.

[0008] The timely support ore extraction method can include the following steps:

[0009] S1. The two ends of the working face are marked as A end and B end, and mining machine A and mining machine B are parked at the A end and B end of the working face, respectively.

[0010] S2. Mining machine A walks to B end for a stop distance A plus a beveling distance A, and stops, the pushing device pushes a section of conveyor behind the walking direction of mining machine A from A end to the mine wall for a cutting depth distance, the length of the section of conveyor is equal to a stop distance A; the stop distance of mining machine A and mining machine B is respectively called stop distance A and stop distance B, and the beveling distance of mining machine A and mining machine B is respectively called beveling distance A and beveling distance B;

[0011] S3. Mining machine A walks to A end while mining medium-high grade ore layer, until reaching A end and stopping, at this time mining machine A bevels into the mine wall;

[0012] S4. The pushing device continues to push the conveyor, and the terminal point of pushing is away from B end by a stop distance B plus a beveling distance B;

[0013] S5. Mining machine A walks to B end until reaching a stop distance B away from B end, and walks while mining medium-high grade ore layer; after mining machine A mines medium-high grade ore, the support is then pulled to the mine wall to timely support the roof;

[0014] S6. Mining machine A returns to A end empty, and mining machine A passes through the space below the support top beam during the returning process; mining machine B walks to A end for a stop distance B plus a beveling distance B, at this time mining machine B bevels into the mine wall, and mining machine B walks while cutting off the bottom waste layer;

[0015] S7. Mining machine A continues to return to A end empty; the pushing device continues to push the conveyor to B end, and then mining machine B walks to B end until stopping, and walks while cutting off the bottom waste layer;

[0016] S8. Mining machine A walks to A end until reaching A end, and walks while the front swing arm of mining machine A in the walking direction mines the bottom waste layer; mining machine B walks to A end, and walks while cutting off the bottom waste layer;

[0017] S9. Mining machine A walks to B end for a stop distance A, and walks while cutting and loading the bottom waste layer; mining machine B continues to walk to A end while cutting off the bottom waste layer;

[0018] S10. Mining machine A returns to A end and stops; mining machine B continues to walk to A end while loading the bottom waste, and stops until adjacent to mining machine A;

[0019] S11. Mining machine B walks to B end until stopping at B end, and walks while loading the bottom waste and controlling the height of the remaining float, and thus a cycle of one pass is completed; return to step S2.

[0020] In step S6, for the case that the space height is less than the drum diameter of the mining machine A, the mining machine A needs to continue to cut and load a part of the waste material to expand the height of the passing space.

[0021] In step S7, when the mining machine B mines the medium-high grade ore material, if the cut ore material meets the requirement of the medium-high grade ore material, the medium-high grade ore material is loaded into the conveyor, and the mining machine A is temporarily stopped and waits, and if the cut ore material does not meet the requirement of the medium-high grade ore material, the waste material is loaded into the conveyor.

[0022] Preferably, the end of the medium-high grade ore material layer with a thicker thickness is taken as the B end.

[0023] Preferably, the upper limit value of the length of the working face is not less than 100 m.

[0024] The present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] The two mining machines are used to jointly mine in the same working face, and the production capacity of the single face is greatly improved under the condition that the support and the conveyor are unchanged, and the economic benefit is greatly improved.

[0026] Due to the increase of the production capacity and the utilization rate of the working face equipment, the length of the working face can be greatly increased, for example, from the original 100 m to 100 m-1000 m or even longer, which is equivalent to the length of more than one original working face, so that the number of roadways between the working faces is significantly reduced, and therefore the engineering cost caused by the roadway excavation amount is greatly saved.

[0027] According to the characteristics of "low hardness of the ore material and high hardness of the rock", the present application uses the small-diameter drum of the mining machine A to cut the ore material and the medium-diameter drum of the mining machine B to cut the rock, fully utilizes the equipment capacity characteristics, and is beneficial to ensure the reliability; meanwhile, the grade of the mined ore material is ensured, and the mining efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the ore material mining process of the present application;

[0029] Figure 2 Fig. 3 is a lateral schematic diagram of the working face equipment when the mining machine A mines the medium-high grade ore material layer;

[0030] Figure 3 Fig. 5 is a lateral schematic diagram of the working face equipment when the mining machine A is in the empty cutting return state;

[0031] Figure 4 Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the ore wall cutting state (the mining machines A and B are parked at the initial position before cutting starts);

[0032] Figure 5Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cutting state of the mine wall (mining machine A mines the middle-high grade ore layer, mining machine B stops at the initial position and waits for the next step);

[0033] Figure 6 Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the cutting state of the mine wall (mining machine B cuts the bottom waste layer, mining machine A returns to the initial position and waits);

[0034] Figure 7 Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cutting state of the mine wall (mining machine B cuts most of the bottom waste layer and returns to the initial position, mining machine A cuts the bottom waste layer of the stopover section and waits). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] A. mining machine A; B. mining machine B; S. conveyor; K. middle-high grade ore; F. waste (referring to low-grade ore or a mixture of low-grade ore and rock) ; Lt. stopping distance; Lx. bevel cutting distance; T. pushing device; Z. support;

[0037] pulling to the position; starting pulling from the position; ‖: stopping pulling; pulling (the arrow direction indicates the pulling direction) ; mining machine left and right reciprocating walking. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The application discloses a kind of timely support's ore extraction method, it is a mechanized mining method, it is applicable to middle-high grade ore layer thickness thin, roof condition general or poor working face.For example Figures 1-3 As shown, the main working face equipment needed includes mining machine, conveyor S, support Z and pushing device T. First, when laying out working face, middle-high grade ore layer should be left in the upper part of the mine wall height direction, and the bottom waste layer below the middle-high grade ore layer of the mine wall includes low-grade ore layer and rock layer adjacent to the upper and lower. Middle-high grade ore K is usable ore, and low-grade ore and rock are both waste F. Mining machine A and mining machine B are simultaneously arranged on the same working face, mining machine A and mining machine B are respectively configured with small-diameter drums and medium-diameter drums, and the machine bodies of the two mining machines can be the same or different. First, mining machine A is used to mine most of the middle-high grade ore layer in the length direction of the working face, and then mining machine B is used to cut most of the bottom waste layer in the length direction of the working face. The present application refers to this way as "small-diameter drum mining of mining machine A and medium-diameter drum rock cutting of mining machine B". The remaining middle-high grade ore layer is mined by mining machine B, and the remaining bottom waste layer is cut by mining machine A. After cutting the middle-high grade ore layer, the exposed roof is formed, and after cutting the bottom waste layer, the floor is formed. After cutting the middle-high grade ore layer, the support should be timely pulled to the side of the mine wall to follow mining machine A for random support of the roof.

[0039] The present application proposes a high-efficiency mining method of combined operation of a double-table mining machine in view of the feature that the traction speed of the mining machine is much lower than the speed of the support pull and the conveyor push. By means of a small-cost investment of adding one mining machine and the corresponding matching components, the production capacity can be doubled or even higher, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.

[0040] In view of the fact that the strata in the non-concentrated area are mostly thin layers, the present application proposes a mining method of mining the relatively low-hardness mineral material by the mining machine A (matching small-power rocker arm and small-diameter drum) and mining the relatively high-hardness rock and other waste materials by the mining machine B (matching large-power rocker arm and medium-diameter drum), which fully develops the capability features of each equipment and is beneficial to ensuring the working reliability; meanwhile, it is easier to ensure the grade of the mineral material and improve the mining efficiency. The diameter of the small-diameter drum should be adapted to the thickness of the medium-high grade mineral material layer. The rocker arm and drum of the mining machine B should be able to meet the requirements of mining height and loading.

[0041] Further, when the mining machine A mines the medium-high grade mineral material layer, the mining machine B is stopped to avoid the waste material cut by the mining machine B from mixing into the medium-high grade mineral material, thereby ensuring the mining of the medium-high grade mineral material K and cutting and loading the medium-high grade mineral material cleanly. When the mining machine A cuts the waste material layer, walks or stops, the mining machine B can operate. When the two mining machines operate simultaneously, the mining machine A assists in cutting part of the waste material layer to share the work of the mining machine B, thereby improving the mining efficiency and increasing the production capacity.

[0042] The cut medium-high grade mineral material and waste material are transported by the same conveyor at different times and can reach different conveying endpoints, i.e. the material bins, so as to ensure the grade of the mineral material. The waste material is bottom waste material, which is a mixture of low-grade mineral material and rock or low-grade mineral material. If the low-grade mineral material layer below the medium-high grade mineral material layer is thick enough, the rock layer does not need to be mined, and in this case, the bottom waste material is only the low-grade mineral material.

[0043] The mining method of the mining material with timely support can include the following steps:

[0044] S1. The two ends of the working face are marked as A end and B end (in this embodiment, they can correspond to the left end and right end of the illustrated working face, respectively). The mining machine A and the mining machine B are parked at the A end and the B end of the working face, respectively, and are ready to start a new cut. At this time, the distribution of the medium-high grade mineral material layer and the waste material layer on the mining wall is as shown in FIG. 1. Figure 4 In the stopped state, the mining machine A and the mining machine B each occupy a distance Lt, which is called the parking distance. In order to distinguish the parking distances of the mining machine A and the mining machine B, respectively, they can be called parking distance A and parking distance B.

[0045] S2. Mining machine A walks to the B end by a stop distance A plus a beveling distance A (the beveling distance refers to the distance of the mining machine walking along the wall when beveling into the cutter, denoted as Lx, in order to distinguish the corresponding distances of the mining machines A and B, the beveling distances can be called beveling distance A and beveling distance B respectively) and stops; the pushing device pushes the conveyor behind the walking direction of the mining machine A (i.e. the left side in the figure) from the A end to the wall by a cutting depth distance, and the length of the conveyor is equal to a stop distance A. After pushing, the conveyor will form an S-shaped curve, which is ready for the mining machine A to bevel into the wall on the track. The mining machine B stops at the B end and waits. In this step, the conveyor continuously runs to shovel out part of the waste material. For the first cutter mining, the shovelled out waste material is mainly the waste material of the wall collapse. For the subsequent cutter mining, the shovelled out waste material also includes the waste material generated in the previous cutter mining process.

[0046] S3. The mining machine A walks to the A end while mining the medium-high grade ore layer until reaching the A end and stopping, at which time the mining machine A bevels into the wall.

[0047] S4. The pushing device continues to push the conveyor (the so-called continued pushing of the conveyor refers to taking the previous pushing end as the starting point of the current pushing, and keeping the same one-way pushing sequence from one end of the working face to the other end of the conveyor to the wall by a cutting depth distance). The pushing end is away from the B end by a stop distance B plus a beveling distance B. The conveyor continues to shovel out waste material from one end to the other end. Similarly, after pushing, the conveyor will form an S-shaped curve, which is ready for the mining machine B to bevel into the wall on the track.

[0048] S5. The mining machine A walks from the A end to the B end until reaching a stop distance B away from the B end, i.e. walking to the position adjacent to the mining machine B, and walks while mining the medium-high grade ore layer. After the mining machine A mines the medium-high grade ore, the support is then pulled to the wall in time to support the roof (see Figure 3 ). After this step, the medium-high grade ore layer is basically mined (the medium-high grade ore layer in the stop distance B range close to the B end has not been mined), and the wall mining condition is shown in Figure 5 .

[0049] During the steps S1-S5, the mining machine A performs most of the medium-high grade ore layer mining, and the mining machine B stops at the initial position and waits. Due to the roof condition, after the medium-high grade ore layer is mined, the support needs to be pulled to the wall side in time for roof support (see Figure 3 、 5 ), so as not to affect the safety of the working face. At this time, the low grade ore layer above the medium-high grade ore layer acts as the roof.

[0050] S6. Mining machine A returns to the A end empty cutting, and in the process of returning, the mining machine A passes through the space under the support roof beam (see Figure 3 ); the mining machine B walks to the A end by a stop distance B plus a bevel cutting distance B, at this time the mining machine B bevels into the wall, and the mining machine B walks while cutting off the bottom waste layer.

[0051] S7. The mining machine A continues to return to the A end empty cutting; the pushing device continues to push the conveyor until the B end (i.e. the terminal point of pushing the conveyor is the B end, the conveyor is continuously pushed, and the S-shaped bending is eliminated, and then the mining machine B walks to the B end until it stops at the B end, and walks while cutting off the bottom waste layer.

[0052] S8. The mining machine A walks to the A end until it stops at the A end, and walks while the front arm in the walking direction of the mining machine A mines the bottom waste layer; the mining machine B walks to the A end, and walks while cutting off the bottom waste layer. The wall cutting state is shown in Figure 6 .

[0053] S9. The mining machine A walks to the B end by a stop distance A, and walks while cutting and loading the bottom waste layer; in combination with steps S8 and S9, the mining machine A needs to cut and load the bottom waste layer in the stop distance A range of the mining machine A from the A end (i.e. the parking section of the mining machine A); the mining machine B continues to walk to the A end while cutting off the bottom waste layer.

[0054] S10. The mining machine A returns to the A end stop; the mining machine B continues to walk to the A end while loading the bottom waste, and stops when it is adjacent to the mining machine A, at this time the mining machine B is about a stop distance A away from the A end. After this step, most of the bottom waste layer is cut off.

[0055] S11. The mining machine B walks to the B end until it stops at the B end, and walks while loading the bottom waste and controlling the height of the remaining float, so that the waste after pushing is high in front and low in back, and plays a guiding and bottom supporting role for the middle and high grade ore into the conveying chute, thus completing a cycle of one cutting, and the wall state is shown in Figure 7 . If a part of the ore body is not mined, return to step S2 to start the next cutting, and if it has been mined, exit the cycle and end the mining.

[0056] In the process of steps S6-S11, the mining machine B cuts off most of the bottom waste layer, and the mining machine A returns to the initial position and then cuts off the bottom waste layer in the remaining parking section.

[0057] Further, in the step S6, for the case that the space height is less than the diameter of the drum of the mining machine A, the mining machine A needs to continue to cut and load a part of the waste to expand the height of the passing space.

[0058] In step S7, when the mining machine B mines the medium-high grade ore, if the cut ore meets the requirement of the medium-high grade ore, it is loaded into the conveyor as the medium-high grade ore, and the mining machine A is temporarily stopped to wait, so as to avoid the waste mixed into the small-diameter roller bottom; if the cut ore does not meet the requirement of the medium-high grade ore, it is loaded into the conveyor as the waste. Whether the cut ore meets the requirement of the medium-high grade ore is mainly determined according to the size relationship between the diameter of the roller of the mining machine B and the thickness of the medium-high grade ore layer at the corresponding position. For example, if the diameter of the roller of the mining machine B is too large than the thickness of the medium-high grade ore layer at the corresponding position, the cut ore is mixed with more waste, and the cut ore has a high probability of not meeting the requirement of the medium-high grade ore.

[0059] The B end is the starting position of the mining machine B, and is also the end close to the area where the mining machine B mines a small amount of medium-high grade ore. It is preferred that the end of the medium-high grade ore layer with a larger thickness is taken as the B end. When comparing the thicknesses of the medium-high grade ore layers at the A end and the B end, the average thicknesses of the medium-high grade ore layers in a distance close to the A end and the B end respectively need to be evaluated.

[0060] The upper limit of the length of the ore wall is preferably not less than 100 m, for example, 100-1000 m, or even longer. Compared with the original 100 m, the number of roadways between the ore walls can be greatly reduced, and therefore the engineering cost corresponding to the amount of roadway excavation can be greatly saved.

Claims

1. A method for timely support in mineral extraction, characterized in that: When setting up the working face, the medium-to-high grade mineral layer is placed at the upper part of the mine wall height. Below the medium-to-high grade mineral layer of the mine wall is the bottom waste layer, which includes the adjacent low-grade mineral layer and rock layer. Mining machine A and mining machine B are set up simultaneously on the same working face. Mining machine A is equipped with a small diameter drum, and mining machine B is equipped with a medium diameter drum. First, mining machine A is used to mine most of the medium-to-high grade mineral layer in the length direction of the working face. Then, mining machine B is used to cut most of the bottom waste layer in the length direction of the working face. The remaining medium-to-high grade mineral layer is mined by mining machine B, and the remaining bottom waste layer is cut by mining machine A. After the medium-to-high grade mineral layer is cut, an exposed roof is formed. After the bottom waste layer is cut, a bottom plate is formed. After the medium-to-high grade mineral layer is cut, the support is pulled to the side of the mine wall in time to provide random support for the roof along with mining machine A. Includes the following steps: S1. The two ends of the working face are designated as end A and end B, respectively. Mining machine A and mining machine B are parked at end A and end B of the working face, respectively. S2. Mining machine A travels towards end B for a stopping distance A plus a slant cutting distance A and then stops. The pushing device pushes a section of the conveyor behind mining machine A, starting from end A, towards the mine wall a distance equal to the cutting depth. The length of this section of the conveyor is equal to one stopping distance A. The stopping distances of mining machine A and mining machine B are respectively called stopping distance A and stopping distance B, and the slant cutting distances of mining machine A and mining machine B are respectively called slant cutting distance A and slant cutting distance B. S3. While the mining machine A moves towards end A, it mines the medium and high grade ore layer until it reaches end A and stops there. At this time, the mining machine A cuts into the ore wall at an angle. S4. The pushing device continues to push the conveyor, and the end point of the push is one stopping distance B plus one slant distance B from end B; S5. Mining machine A moves towards end B until it reaches a stopping distance B from end B, while mining the medium-to-high grade ore layer; after mining machine A has mined the medium-to-high grade ore, the support is then pulled towards the mine wall to support the roof in time. S6. Mining machine A returns to end A with empty cutter. During the return process, mining machine A passes through the space under the top beam of the support. Mining machine B moves towards end A by a stopping distance B plus a diagonal cutting distance B. At this time, mining machine B diagonally cuts into the mine wall. While moving, mining machine B cuts away the bottom waste layer. S7. Mining machine A continues to return empty to end A; the pushing device continues to move the conveyor to end B, and then mining machine B moves to end B until it stops at end B, while mining the medium and high grade ore layer during the movement; S8. Mining machine A moves towards end A until it reaches end A. While moving, the forward arm of mining machine A in the direction of movement mines the bottom waste layer. Mining machine B moves towards end A and cuts off the bottom waste layer while moving. S9. Mining machine A moves a stopping distance A towards end B, cutting and loading the bottom waste layer while moving; Mining machine B continues to move towards end A while cutting away the bottom waste layer; S10. Mining machine A returns to end A and stops; Mining machine B continues to move towards end A while loading bottom waste, until it stops when it is adjacent to mining machine A. S11. The mining machine B moves towards end B until it reaches end B and stops. While moving, it loads the bottom waste and controls the height of the remaining floating material, thus completing one cut cycle; return to step S2.

2. The timely support method for ore extraction as described in claim 1, characterized in that: When mining machine A is mining the medium-to-high grade ore layer, mining machine B stops; when mining machine A is cutting the waste layer, mining machine B runs.

3. The timely support method for ore extraction as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The cut medium- and high-grade ore and waste are transported in time by the same conveyor. The waste is bottom waste, which is a mixture of low-grade ore and rock or low-grade ore.

4. The timely support method for ore extraction as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In step S6, if the height of the passage is less than the diameter of the drum of mining machine A, mining machine A needs to continue cutting and loading some waste material downwards to expand the height of the passage space.

5. The timely support method for ore extraction as described in claim 4, characterized in that: In step S7, when mining machine B is mining medium-to-high grade ore, if the cut ore meets the requirements of medium-to-high grade ore, it is loaded into the conveyor as medium-to-high grade ore, and mining machine A is temporarily stopped to wait. If the cut ore does not meet the requirements of medium-to-high grade ore, it is loaded into the conveyor as waste.

6. The timely support method for ore extraction as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The thicker end of the medium-to-high grade mineral layer is designated as end B.

7. The timely support method for ore extraction as described in claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6, characterized in that: The maximum length of the working face shall not be less than 100m.

Images