Touch structure, touch display panel and electronic device

Abstract

A touch structure, a touch display panel and an electronic device, the touch structure comprising a plurality of first touch sub-electrodes and a plurality of second touch sub-electrodes. A plurality of first metal lines located at a boundary region between adjacent first touch sub-electrodes and second touch sub-electrodes respectively comprise a plurality of breaks, each of the plurality of breaks divides the first metal line where the break is located into two first metal line segments, so that the adjacent first touch sub-electrodes and second touch sub-electrodes are insulated. The plurality of breaks comprise a plurality of first breaks located on a first line, the plurality of first breaks are respectively located on a plurality of first metal lines intersecting the first line, the first line extends substantially along a certain direction. There is at least one first metal line between at least two first breaks, each of the at least one first metal line intersects the first straight line, and each of the at least one first metal line does not have a break at the intersection with the first line. The touch structure has a good shadow elimination effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a touch structure, a touch display panel, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] User interfaces with touch functions are widely used in various electronic devices, such as display devices. The touch structure used to implement the touch function includes a touch electrode structure, and the configuration of the touch electrode structure is an important factor affecting the user experience. Summary of the Invention

[0003] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a touch structure, comprising a first metal grid layer, wherein the first metal grid layer comprises a plurality of first metal grids defined by a plurality of first metal lines, wherein the first metal grids are polygonal; the first metal grid layer comprises a plurality of first touch sub-electrodes and a plurality of first connecting electrodes arranged along a first direction, wherein the plurality of first touch sub-electrodes and the plurality of first connecting electrodes are alternately distributed one by one and electrically connected in sequence to form first touch electrodes extending along the first direction; the first metal grid layer further comprises a plurality of second touch sub-electrodes arranged in sequence and spaced from each other in a second direction, wherein the first direction intersects the second direction; a plurality of first metal lines located in a boundary area between adjacent first touch sub-electrodes and second touch sub-electrodes are respectively It includes multiple breaks, each of which divides the first metal wire where it is located into two first metal wire segments, one of the two first metal wire segments belongs to the first touch sub-electrode, and the other belongs to the second touch sub-electrode, thereby insulating the adjacent first touch sub-electrodes and the second touch sub-electrodes; the multiple breaks include multiple first breaks located on a first line, and the multiple first breaks are respectively located on multiple first metal wires intersecting with the first line, and the first line extends roughly in a certain direction; there is at least one first metal wire between at least two first breaks, each of the at least one first metal wire intersects with the first line, and there is no break at the intersection of each of the at least one first metal wire with the first line.

[0004] In some examples, the first line is a first straight line, and the plurality of first fractures are respectively located on a plurality of first metal lines that are orthogonal to the first straight line.

[0005] In some examples, each of the at least one first metal line is orthogonal to the first straight line.

[0006] In some examples, the first line extends along the first direction.

[0007] In some examples, all first metal lines directly connected to one end of each of the at least one first metal line have breaks, so that the adjacent first touch sub-electrodes and second touch sub-electrodes are insulated.

[0008] In some examples, all first metal lines directly connected to one end of each of the at least one first metal line are neither parallel nor perpendicular to the first direction.

[0009] In some examples, each of the plurality of fractures is located in the middle of the first metal wire.

[0010] In some examples, each of the plurality of first metal meshes is hexagonal.

[0011] In some examples, the multiple first metal wires inside each of the multiple first touch sub-electrodes or the multiple second touch sub-electrodes respectively include multiple breaks, each of the multiple breaks divides the first metal wire into two first metal wire segments, and the two first metal wire segments both belong to the first touch sub-electrode or the second touch sub-electrode.

[0012] In some examples, the multiple fractures located inside the first touch sub-electrode or the second touch sub-electrode include multiple second fractures located on a second straight line, the multiple second fractures are respectively located on multiple first metal wires orthogonal to the second straight line, there is at least one first metal wire between at least two second fractures, each of the at least one first metal wire intersects with the second straight line, and there is no fracture at the intersection of each of the at least one first metal wire with the second straight line.

[0013] In some examples, the first metal grid layer also includes a dummy electrode, and at least one second touch sub-electrode includes a hollow area, the dummy electrode is located in the hollow area, and is insulated from the at least one second touch sub-electrode; the multiple first metal wires located in the boundary area between the second touch sub-electrode and the dummy electrode respectively include multiple breaks, each of the multiple breaks divides the first metal wire into two first metal wire segments, one of the two first metal wire segments belongs to the second touch sub-electrode, and the other belongs to the dummy electrode, thereby insulating the second touch sub-electrode and the dummy electrode; the multiple breaks include multiple third breaks located on a third straight line, and the multiple third breaks are respectively located on multiple first metal lines intersecting with the third straight line; there is at least one first metal line between at least two third breaks, each of the at least one first metal line intersects with the third straight line, and each of the at least one first metal line has no break at the intersection with the third straight line.

[0014] In some examples, the first metal grid layer includes a plurality of first touch electrodes arranged along the second direction, at least one first metal grid includes three first metal grid parts insulated from each other, the three first metal grid parts respectively belong to three touch sub-electrodes insulated from each other, and the three touch sub-electrodes include two first touch sub-electrodes adjacent in the second direction and a second touch sub-electrode located between the two first touch sub-electrodes, or two second touch sub-electrodes adjacent in the first direction and a first touch sub-electrode located between the two second touch sub-electrodes.

[0015] In some examples, the three first metal grid portions are insulated from each other by three breaks in three first metal lines located on three sides of each of the at least one metal grid, each break separating the first metal line into two spaced first metal line segments.

[0016] In some examples, the at least one first metal grid includes two first metal grids, and the two first metal grids share a first metal line; a break exists on the shared first metal line, and the shared first metal line includes two first metal line segments separated by the break.

[0017] In some examples, the touch structure also includes a second metal grid layer, the first metal grid layer and the second metal grid layer are separated by an insulating layer located between the first metal grid layer and the second metal grid layer; the second metal grid layer includes a plurality of second metal grids defined by a plurality of second metal lines, and the second metal grids are polygonal; the second metal grid layer includes a plurality of second connecting electrodes spaced apart from each other, each of the plurality of second connecting electrodes is electrically connected to an adjacent second touch sub-electrode through a plurality of vias in the insulating layer, thereby electrically connecting the adjacent second touch sub-electrodes to form a second touch electrode extending in the second direction.

[0018] In some examples, the orthographic projections of the plurality of first metal lines in at least two first metal grids in the second touch sub-electrode on the second metal grid layer respectively overlap with the plurality of second metal lines in at least two second metal grids in each of the plurality of second connecting electrodes, so that the at least two first metal grids have a plurality of vertices overlapping with the at least two second metal grids, the plurality of vertices include a plurality of connection vertices, and the plurality of vias are respectively located at the plurality of connection vertices.

[0019] In some examples, among the vertices adjacent to each of the plurality of connected vertices, at most only one vertex is a connected vertex.

[0020] In some examples, each of the plurality of second connection electrodes includes at least two first connection lines, each of the at least two first connection lines includes a plurality of second metal wires connected end to end, and both ends of each of the at least two first connection lines are electrically connected to a connection vertex of the first metal grid through one of the vias.

[0021] In some examples, a plurality of first metal grids are arranged along a first direction and a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction intersect; each of the plurality of first metal grids is a hexagon; and the extension directions of the longest sides of each first metal grid are parallel to each other and are along the second direction.

[0022] In some examples, the pixel opening area contour of the pixel opening area corresponding to each first metal grid is a hexagon, and the six sides of each first metal grid are parallel to the six sides of the corresponding pixel opening area contour; the two sides of the contours of two adjacent pixel opening areas close to each other are parallel to each other, and a first metal wire is arranged between them; the orthographic projections of the two sides of the contours of two adjacent pixel opening areas close to each other on the substrate are parallel to the orthographic projection of the first metal line on the substrate, and are at the same distance from the orthographic projection of the first metal line on the substrate.

[0023] In some examples, the average line width of the first metal line and the spacing between the outlines of two adjacent pixel opening areas satisfy the following relationship: (PDLGAPmax-PDLGAPmin)*0.5<X<PDLGAPmax*0.167; where X is the average line width of the first metal line, and PDLGAPmax and PDLGAPmin are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the spacing between the outlines of two adjacent pixel opening areas, respectively.

[0024] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a touch display panel, including a base substrate, and a display structure and the touch structure stacked on the base substrate.

[0025] In some examples, the display structure includes a plurality of sub-pixels, each of the plurality of sub-pixels includes a light-emitting element and a pixel opening area exposing the light-emitting element; the orthographic projections of the plurality of first metal lines and the plurality of second metal lines on the substrate are both located outside the orthographic projections of the plurality of pixel opening areas of the plurality of sub-pixels on the substrate.

[0026] In some examples, the orthographic projection of the mesh of at least one first metal grid on the substrate covers the orthographic projection of two pixel opening areas of two adjacent sub-pixels on the substrate, and the two adjacent sub-pixels are first sub-pixels configured to emit light of the same first basic color; the center distance between the two pixel opening areas is smaller than the center distance between the two pixel opening areas of two sub-pixels emitting light of the same other basic colors.

[0027] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device including the above-mentioned touch structure or the above-mentioned touch display panel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or related technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below only relate to some embodiments of the present disclosure and are not limitations of the present disclosure.

[0029] Figure 1A A schematic diagram of a pixel arrangement of a display structure provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0030] Figure 1B A schematic diagram of a display structure provided for at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0031] Figure 1C for Figure 1B a sectional view along section line AA';

[0032] Figure 1D A schematic diagram of a display structure provided for another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0033] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of pixel arrangement of display structures provided in other embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 3A One of the schematic diagrams of a touch structure provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 3B A second schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 4A and Figure 4B A third schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0037] Figure 5A A fourth schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0038] Figure 5B for Figure 5A a sectional view along section line BB';

[0039] Figure 5C A fifth schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Figure 5D for Figure 5A a sectional view along section line D-D';

[0041] Figure 5E A sixth schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Figure 6A A seventh schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 6B An eighth schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Figure 7A A schematic diagram of a metal wire fracture design;

[0045] Figure 7B A simulation diagram of the shadow elimination design of the touch structure provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 8 A ninth schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 9 A tenth schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. With reference to the non-limiting exemplary embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings and described in detail in the following description, the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and their various features and advantageous details are more fully described. It should be noted that the features shown in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. The present disclosure omits the description of known materials, components and process technologies so as not to obscure the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The examples given are only intended to facilitate understanding the implementation of the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and to further enable those skilled in the art to implement the exemplary embodiments. Therefore, these examples should not be understood as limiting the scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0051] Unless otherwise defined, technical or scientific terms used in this disclosure should have the same meaning as those generally understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this disclosure do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Furthermore, throughout the various embodiments of this disclosure, identical or similar reference numerals denote identical or similar components.

[0052] Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panels offer broad development prospects due to their self-luminescence, high contrast, low energy consumption, wide viewing angle, fast response speed, compatibility with flexible panels, wide operating temperature range, and simple manufacturing. To meet diverse user needs, integrating multiple functions, such as touch and fingerprint recognition, into display panels is crucial. For example, one approach involves forming an on-cell touch structure within an OLED display panel. This approach implements the touch functionality of the display panel by integrating the touch structure onto the OLED display panel's encapsulation film.

[0053] For example, a mutual capacitance touch structure includes a plurality of touch electrodes, each of which includes touch drive electrodes and touch sensing electrodes extending in different directions. The touch drive electrodes and the touch sensing electrodes form a mutual capacitance for touch sensing at the intersection. The touch drive electrodes are used to input an excitation signal (touch drive signal), and the touch sensing electrodes are used to output a touch sensing signal. By inputting an excitation signal to, for example, a touch drive electrode extending longitudinally and receiving a touch sensing signal from, for example, a touch sensing electrode extending transversely, a detection signal reflecting the capacitance value of the coupling point (e.g., the intersection) of the transverse and longitudinal electrodes can be obtained. When a finger touches the capacitive screen, it affects the coupling between the touch drive electrode and the touch sensing electrode near the touch point, thereby changing the capacitance of the mutual capacitance between the two electrodes at the intersection, resulting in a change in the touch sensing signal. Based on the data of the two-dimensional capacitance change of the touch screen based on the touch sensing signal, the coordinates of the touch point can be calculated.

[0054] A touch electrode is formed by a metal mesh pattern. The metal mesh has good ductility and flexibility, which can improve the bending resistance and processability of the touch electrode and is suitable for flexible electronic applications.

[0055] For example, when the touch electrodes formed by this metal grid are integrated into a display panel, the metal lines in the metal grid need to be placed outside the pixel opening area of ​​the display panel to prevent the metal lines from blocking light and causing a decrease in the pixel aperture ratio. For example, the metal lines in the metal grid are arranged in the pixel spacing areas between the pixel opening areas, and the mesh holes in the metal grid are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the pixel opening areas to expose the light-emitting elements of each sub-pixel.

[0056] The inventors discovered that, for example, the spacing between sub-pixels in a display panel is not uniform. When two sub-pixels are close together, the metal wires disposed between them are close to the pixel openings of those sub-pixels. This can adversely affect the display function of those sub-pixels, such as blocking light emitted by the sub-pixels when viewed at an angle, reflecting light emitted by the sub-pixels and causing cross-color issues. Furthermore, these adverse effects are more pronounced if the pixel openings of the sub-pixels are small.

[0057] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a touch display panel, including a base substrate and a display structure and a touch structure stacked on the base substrate, wherein the orthographic projection of each mesh of at least one first metal grid on the base substrate covers the orthographic projection of two pixel opening areas of two adjacent sub-pixels on the base substrate, the two adjacent sub-pixels are first sub-pixels, configured to emit light of the same first basic color; the center distance between the two pixel opening areas of the two first sub-pixels is smaller than the center distance between the two pixel opening areas of two sub-pixels emitting light of the same other basic colors.

[0058] It should be noted that the above-mentioned “center” refers to the geometric center of the plane shape of the pixel opening area parallel to the base substrate.

[0059] By setting the pixel opening areas of two sub-pixels with a close spacing to share a mesh, that is, removing the metal wires between the two pixel opening areas, the metal wires in the metal grid are sufficiently far away from the pixel opening areas, thereby avoiding the adverse effects on the display caused by the metal wires being close to the pixel opening areas, and effectively improving the display effect.

[0060] Because the two adjacent sub-pixels emit the same color, their pixel openings can be relatively close together without cross-color issues. Furthermore, when fabricating an organic light-emitting diode using a fine metal mask (FMM) evaporation process, the light-emitting layers of the two sub-pixels can be formed through a single evaporation hole, thereby reducing the difficulty of the fabrication process. For example, the light-emitting layers of the two sub-pixels can be connected to form an integrated structure.

[0061] For example, the areas of the pixel opening regions of the two sub-pixels are equal and smaller than the area of ​​the pixel opening region of the sub-pixels emitting light of other basic colors.

[0062] In order to improve the display resolution, the conventional red, green, and blue sub-pixels that simply define a pixel can be changed to simulate the same pixel resolution performance with a relatively small number of sub-pixels, thereby reducing the difficulty and cost of the manufacturing process. For example, in some pixel arrangements, the pixel structure includes multiple first sub-pixels, multiple second sub-pixels, and multiple third sub-pixels. The first sub-pixels are configured to emit light of a first primary color, the second sub-pixels are configured to emit light of a second primary color, and the third sub-pixels are configured to emit light of a third primary color. Each pixel unit includes a first sub-pixel; each sub-pixel that emits light different from the first primary color, that is, each second sub-pixel and each third sub-pixel is shared by at least two pixel units; each pixel unit is configured to emit full-color light. Since each pixel unit includes a first sub-pixel, the density of the first sub-pixel is the highest.

[0063] Since the second sub-pixel and the third sub-pixel in each pixel unit are shared by adjacent pixel units, the pixel unit in the embodiment of the present invention is not a pixel unit in the strict sense, that is, a pixel is defined by a complete first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel. Therefore, the pixel unit can be called a virtual pixel unit.

[0064] For example, a plurality of pixel units are arranged in an array along a first direction and a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are different directions, for example, the two directions are orthogonal to each other. For example, in the first direction of the pixel array and in the second direction of the pixel array, the sub-pixel density is 1.5 times the pixel unit density.

[0065] For example, the difference in the human eye's resolution of sub-pixels of different colors can be exploited by sharing sub-pixels of certain colors that are not sensitive to position resolution between different pixels. For example, the first primary color is green, the second primary color is red, and the third primary color is blue.

[0066] For example, based on the physiological structure of the human eye, its resolution is determined by the density of brightness-sensitive rod photoreceptors and color-sensitive cone photoreceptors in the retina. Of the three primary colors, the density of short-wavelength blue-sensitive cone cells is the lowest, followed by red. Furthermore, the luminance effect of blue and red (stimulating brightness-sensitive rod cells) is much lower than that of green. This results in the human eye being significantly less sensitive to blue and red sub-pixels than to green sub-pixels. At a certain pixel resolution, the human eye can distinguish the center of pixel brightness and perceive color normally, but it cannot distinguish the position or boundaries of blue or red sub-pixels at the pixel scale. This makes it possible for adjacent pixels to share adjacent blue and red sub-pixels to a certain extent.

[0067] For example, the sub-pixels disclosed herein are pixel structures that correspond one-to-one to light-emitting elements and have independent pixel driving circuits.

[0068] For example, the touch display panel may be a liquid crystal display panel, an organic light emitting diode display panel, a quantum dot light emitting diode display panel, or an electronic paper display panel, etc. The embodiment of the present disclosure does not display the type of the display panel.

[0069] The touch display panel provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure is exemplarily described below by taking the first basic color being green and the touch display panel being an organic light emitting diode display panel as an example. However, the embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0070] Figure 1A FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of pixel arrangement provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1A As shown, the pixel arrangement structure includes a plurality of sub-pixels, and the plurality of sub-pixels are arranged in a first direction D1 and a second direction D2. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are different directions, for example, they are orthogonal to each other. The plurality of sub-pixels include a plurality of first sub-pixels, a plurality of second sub-pixels and a plurality of third sub-pixels. For example, the first sub-pixel is a green (G) sub-pixel 11, the second sub-pixel is a red (R) sub-pixel 12, and the third sub-pixel is a blue (B) sub-pixel 13; each pixel unit 10 includes a green sub-pixel 11, and each red sub-pixel 12 and each blue sub-pixel 13 are respectively shared by two adjacent pixel units 10, so the boundary of the pixel unit 10 is also very blurred. The embodiment of the present disclosure does not limit the shape of the pixel unit 10. Figure 1A and Figure 1B The pixel units 10 are exemplarily illustrated by dashed circles in FIG. A plurality of pixel units 10 are arranged in an array along the first direction D1 and the second direction D2.

[0071] For example, Figure 1A As shown, the plurality of green sub-pixels 11 are arranged in pairs, and the spacing between adjacent green sub-pixels is smaller than the spacing between two sub-pixels emitting light of the same color, that is, smaller than the spacing between the red sub-pixel 12 and the blue sub-pixel 13, smaller than the spacing between the green sub-pixel 11 and the red sub-pixel 12, and smaller than the spacing between the green sub-pixel 11 and the blue sub-pixel 13. For example, a pair of green sub-pixels 11 is arranged along the second direction D2.

[0072] For example, a red sub-pixel 12 and a blue sub-pixel 13 are disposed between two adjacent pairs of green sub-pixels in the second direction D2 , and the red sub-pixel 12 and the blue sub-pixel 13 are arranged along the first direction D1 .

[0073] Figure 1BThe touch display panel provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The display structure in the touch display panel adopts Figure 1A The pixel arrangement structure shown; Figure 1C for Figure 1B Sectional view along section line AA'.

[0074] Combined with reference Figure 1B and Figure 1C The touch display panel 20 includes a base substrate 21 and a display structure 30 and a touch structure 40 stacked on the base substrate 21. The touch structure 40 is located above the display structure 30 and is closer to the user during use.

[0075] For example, if the touch display panel is an OLED display panel, the display structure 30 includes a plurality of sub-pixels, and the plurality of sub-pixels include the green sub-pixel 11, the red sub-pixel 12, and the blue sub-pixel 13 mentioned above. Each sub-pixel includes a light-emitting element 23 and a pixel driving circuit that drives the light-emitting element 23 to emit light. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the type and specific composition of the pixel driving circuit. For example, the pixel driving circuit can be a current-driven type or a voltage-driven type, and can be a 2T1C (i.e., two transistors and a capacitor, the two transistors including a driving transistor and a data writing transistor) driving circuit, or can be a driving circuit that further includes a compensation circuit (compensation transistor), a light-emitting control circuit (light-emitting control transistor), a reset circuit (reset transistor), etc. on the basis of 2T1C.

[0076] For clarity, Figure 1C Only the first transistor 24 directly electrically connected to the light-emitting element 23 in the pixel driving circuit is shown. The first transistor 24 can be a driving transistor configured to operate in a saturated state and control the magnitude of the current driving the light-emitting element 23 to emit light. For example, the first transistor 24 can also be a light-emission control transistor for controlling whether the current driving the light-emitting element 23 to emit light flows. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the specific type of the first transistor.

[0077] For example, the light-emitting element 23 is an organic light-emitting diode, including a first electrode 231, a light-emitting layer 233, and a second electrode 232. One of the first electrode 231 and the second electrode 232 is an anode, and the other is a cathode; for example, the first electrode 231 is an anode, and the second electrode 232 is a cathode. For example, the light-emitting layer 233 is an organic light-emitting layer or a quantum dot light-emitting layer. For example, in addition to the light-emitting layer 233, the light-emitting element 23 may also include auxiliary functional layers such as a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an electron injection layer, and an electron transport layer. For example, the light-emitting element 23 is a top emission structure, in which the first electrode 231 is reflective and the second electrode 232 is transmissive or semi-transmissive. For example, the first electrode 231 is a material with a high work function to serve as an anode, such as an ITO / Ag / ITO stacked structure; the second electrode 232 is a material with a low work function to serve as a cathode, such as a semi-transmissive metal or metal alloy material, such as an Ag / Mg alloy material.

[0078] The first transistor 24 includes a gate 241, a gate insulating layer 242, an active layer 243, a first electrode 244, and a second electrode 245. The second electrode 245 is electrically connected to the first electrode 231 of the light-emitting element 23. The embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the type, material, and structure of the first transistor 24. For example, it can be a top-gate type or a bottom-gate type. The active layer 243 of the first transistor 24 can be amorphous silicon, polycrystalline silicon (low-temperature polycrystalline silicon and high-temperature polycrystalline silicon), an oxide semiconductor (for example, indium gallium tin oxide (IGZO)), etc., and the first transistor 24 can be N-type or P-type.

[0079] The transistors used in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be thin film transistors, field effect transistors, or other switching devices with the same characteristics. The embodiments of the present disclosure are described using thin film transistors as examples. The source and drain of the transistors used here may be symmetrical in structure, so the source and drain may be structurally indistinguishable. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, in order to distinguish the two poles of the transistor other than the gate, one of the poles is directly described as the first pole and the other pole as the second pole.

[0080] Combine Figure 1B and Figure 1C As shown, the display structure 30 also includes a pixel defining layer 32, which is arranged on the first electrode 231 of the light-emitting element 23, and has a plurality of openings 320 formed therein, respectively exposing the first electrodes 231 of a plurality of sub-pixels, thereby defining a pixel opening area of ​​each sub-pixel, wherein the light-emitting layer of the sub-pixel is formed in the pixel opening area, and the second electrode 232 is formed as a common electrode (i.e., shared by a plurality of sub-pixels); the pixel defining layer 32 includes a pixel opening area 110 of the green sub-pixel 11 (first sub-pixel), a pixel opening area 120 of the red sub-pixel 12 (second sub-pixel), and a pixel opening area 130 of the blue sub-pixel 13 (third sub-pixel).

[0081] The touch structure 40 includes a first metal grid layer 50, which includes a plurality of first metal grids 52 defined by a plurality of first metal lines 51. The orthographic projections of the plurality of first metal lines 51 on the substrate 21 are located outside the orthographic projection of the pixel opening regions of the plurality of sub-pixels on the substrate 21. In other words, the pixel separation region between the pixel opening regions is within the orthographic projection of the substrate 21. This pixel separation region is also the non-opening region 321 of the pixel defining layer 32. This pixel separation region is used to separate the pixel opening regions of the plurality of sub-pixels and the light-emitting layers of each sub-pixel to prevent cross-color.

[0082] like Figure 1B As shown, the orthographic projection of the mesh 520 of at least one first metal grid 52 on the base substrate 21 covers the orthographic projection of the two pixel opening areas 110 of two adjacent green sub-pixels 11 (i.e., a green sub-pixel pair) on the base substrate, i.e., there is no corresponding first metal line 51 set between the two pixel opening areas 110.

[0083] like Figure 1B As shown, the center distance S1 of the pixel opening areas 110 of the two adjacent green sub-pixels 11 is smaller than the center distance between the two pixel opening areas of two sub-pixels emitting light of the same other primary colors. For example, the center distance S1 of the pixel opening areas 110 of the two adjacent green sub-pixels 11 is smaller than the center distance S2 of the pixel opening areas 120 of the two adjacent red sub-pixels 12, or the center distance S3 of the pixel opening areas 130 of the two adjacent blue sub-pixels 13.

[0084] For example, the center distance between the pixel opening areas 110 of the two adjacent green sub-pixels 11 is smaller than the center distance between the pixel opening area 110 of any green sub-pixel 11 and the pixel opening areas of adjacent sub-pixels of other colors. Figure 1B As shown, the center distance between the pixel opening areas 110 of two adjacent green sub-pixels 11 is smaller than the center distance S4 between the pixel opening area 110 of the green sub-pixel 11 and the pixel opening area 120 of the adjacent red sub-pixel 12, and is also smaller than the center distance S5 between the pixel opening area 110 of the green sub-pixel 11 and the pixel opening area 130 of the adjacent blue sub-pixel 13.

[0085] For example, Figure 1BAs shown, the orthographic projections of the meshes 520 of the other first metal meshes 52 directly connected to the first metal mesh 52 on the substrate 21 each only cover the orthographic projection of the pixel opening area of ​​one sub-pixel on the substrate. This is because the sub-pixels adjacent to the green sub-pixel pair are all sub-pixels of other colors. The pixel opening areas of these sub-pixels of other colors are significantly spaced apart from the pixel opening areas of the adjacent sub-pixels. The one-to-one correspondence between these pixel opening areas and the first metal meshes 52 increases the density of the touch electrodes, thereby improving touch sensitivity.

[0086] For example, when an organic light emitting diode is manufactured using a fine metal mask (FMM) evaporation process, the light emitting layers of the two sub-pixels can be formed through one evaporation hole, thereby reducing the difficulty of the manufacturing process.

[0087] like Figure 1B As shown, multiple first metal meshes 52 are arranged along a first direction D1 and a second direction D2. For example, each first metal mesh 52 is a polygon, such as a hexagon. Each first metal mesh 51 includes two opposing sides extending along the second direction D2. The lengths of these two sides can be the same or different, and the two sides include the longest side of the first metal mesh 52. That is, the longest side of each first metal mesh is parallel to the second direction D2. For example, the six sides of the first metal mesh 52 include three pairs of opposing sides, each pair of opposing sides being parallel to each other. For another example, except for the pair of sides parallel to the second direction D2, the other two pairs of opposing sides are not parallel to each other.

[0088] like Figure 1B As shown, for example, the shapes of the pixel opening areas of the green sub-pixel 11, the red sub-pixel 12, and the blue sub-pixel 13 are all polygonal; for example, the shapes of the pixel opening areas of the red sub-pixel 12 and the blue sub-pixel 13 are both hexagonal, and the shape of the pixel opening area of ​​the green sub-pixel 11 is a pentagon.

[0089] Figure 1B The dotted lines in the figure illustrate the pixel opening area outlines of the pixel opening areas corresponding to each first metal grid 52 (i.e., the pixel opening areas covered by the mesh of the first metal grid). For example, the pixel opening areas 110 of two green sub-pixels 11 arranged in pairs are arranged side by side in the second direction and share the mesh 520 of the first metal grid 52. The outer contours of the two pixel opening areas 110 are referred to as first pixel opening area outlines 115. The pixel opening area outline of the red sub-pixel is referred to as second pixel opening area outline 125, and the pixel opening area outline of the third sub-pixel is referred to as third pixel opening area outline 135. The first pixel opening area outline 115, the second pixel opening area outline 125, and the third pixel opening area outline 135 are all hexagonal and are adjacent to each other.

[0090] For example, the six sides of each first metal grid are parallel to the six sides of the corresponding pixel opening area outline.

[0091] For example, the two edges of the contours of two adjacent pixel opening areas that are close to each other are parallel to each other, and a first metal line 51 is disposed between them; the orthographic projections of the two edges of the contours of two adjacent pixel opening areas that are close to each other on the substrate 21 are both parallel to the orthographic projections of the first metal line 51 on the substrate 51, and are spaced at the same distance from the orthographic projections of the first metal line 51 on the substrate 21; that is, the first metal line 51 between the two adjacent pixel opening areas is located in the middle of the gap between the contours of the two pixel opening areas, and the minimum distance between the first metal line 51 and the two pixel opening areas (the distance from the edge of the pixel opening area closest to the first metal line) is the same. This arrangement can prevent the first metal line from being too close to either of the two pixel opening areas, thereby adversely affecting the light in that pixel opening area; in addition, this arrangement ensures that the first metal line has the same effect on the light in the two pixel opening areas, thereby improving display uniformity.

[0092] For the convenience of description, the distance between the orthographic projections of two parallel and adjacent sides of two adjacent pixel opening area contours on the base substrate 21 is referred to as the distance between the two adjacent pixel opening area contours (PDL GAP).

[0093] For example, Figure 1B As shown, in the first direction D1, the spacing t1 between adjacent second pixel opening area outlines 125 and third pixel opening area outlines 135, the spacing t2 between adjacent second pixel opening area outlines 125 and first pixel opening area outlines 115, and the spacing t3 between adjacent orthographic projections of first pixel opening area outlines 115 and third pixel opening area outlines 135 on the substrate are equal or substantially equal. For example, t1 is 23 microns, t2 is 22.8 microns, and t3 is 23 microns.

[0094] For example, Figure 1BAs shown, in an oblique direction that is neither parallel nor perpendicular to second direction D2, the spacing k2 between adjacent second pixel opening area outlines 125 and first pixel opening area outlines 115, and the spacing k3 between adjacent third pixel opening area outlines 135 and first pixel opening area outlines 115 are substantially equal, and are substantially equal to t1, t2, and t3. For example, the spacing k1 between adjacent second pixel opening area outlines 125 and third pixel opening area outlines 135 in an oblique direction that is neither parallel nor perpendicular to second direction D2 is the maximum spacing between pixel opening area outlines (PDLGAPmax); that is, this spacing k1 is greater than the spacing between any two other adjacent pixel opening area outlines (any one of t1, t2, t3, k2, and k3). For example, the distance t2 between the adjacent second pixel opening area contour 125 and the first pixel opening area contour 115 in the first direction D1 is the minimum value of the distance between the pixel opening area contours (PDLGAPmin); that is, the distance t2 is smaller than the distance between the other two adjacent pixel opening area contours (any one of t1, t3, k1, k2, k3).

[0095] For example, the average line width of the first metal line 51 and the average line width of the second metal line 61 and the spacing between the contours of two adjacent pixel opening areas satisfy the following relationship: (PDLGAPmax-PDLGAPmin)*0.5<X<PDLGAPmax*0.167; wherein X is the average line width of the first metal line 51 or the average line width of the second metal line 61, and PDLGAPmax and PDLGAPmin are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the spacing between the contours of the pixel opening areas, respectively.

[0096] If the line width of the first metal line 51 or the second metal line 61 is too large (for example, relative to the spacing between the pixel opening area outlines (PDL GAP)), it may be too close to the pixel opening area, causing blockage or reflection of light emitted from the pixel opening area, and it may also be easily perceived by the human eye, thereby affecting the display quality of the display panel. If the line width is too small, it may easily cause line breakage and increase the resistance of the touch electrode. By satisfying the above relationship, the line width of the first metal line 51 or the second metal line 61 can be adjusted to an appropriate value, thereby alleviating the above problems.

[0097] For example, the average width of the first metal line 51 is greater than the average width of the second metal line 61. Setting different widths for the first and second metal lines 51 and 61 can minimize the overlap area between the first and second metal lines, thereby reducing the capacitive load on the touch electrode and improving touch sensitivity. Furthermore, since both the first and second touch sub-electrodes are formed by the first metal line 51, setting the first metal line 51 to a larger width can help reduce the resistance of the touch sub-electrode, further improving touch sensitivity.

[0098] For example, t1 is 23 microns, t2 is 22.8 microns, and t3 is 23 microns; k1 is 27.35 microns, k2 is 22.86 microns, and k3 is 23 microns.

[0099] For example, reference Figure 5D The average line width X1 of the first metal line 51 is 3.5 microns, and the average line width X2 of the second metal line 61 is 3.3 microns.

[0100] For example, Figure 1B As shown, the first metal mesh corresponding to the first pixel opening area outline 115 has a size w1 in the first direction D1 of 43.1 microns, and a maximum size y1 in the second direction D2 (for example, the distance between two opposite vertices of the first metal mesh in the second direction D2) of 73.6 microns; the first metal mesh corresponding to the second pixel opening area outline 125 has a size w2 in the first direction D1 of 31.9 microns, and a maximum size y1 in the second direction D2 (for example, the distance between two opposite vertices of the first metal mesh in the second direction D2) of 72.9 microns; the first metal mesh corresponding to the third pixel opening area outline 135 has a size w1 in the first direction D1 of 42.4 microns, and a maximum size y1 in the second direction D2 (for example, the distance between two opposite vertices of the first metal mesh in the second direction D2) of 66.1 microns.

[0101] Figure 1D The diagram shows adjacent first pixel opening area outlines 115, second pixel opening area outlines 125, and third pixel opening area outlines 135, as well as first metal lines 51 therebetween. Adjacent first pixel opening area outlines 115, second pixel opening area outlines 125, and third pixel opening area outlines 135 are arranged in a herringbone pattern; second pixel opening area outline 125 is adjacent to first pixel opening area outline 115 and third pixel opening area outline 135 in a direction that is neither parallel nor perpendicular to second direction D2, and first pixel opening area outline 115 and third pixel opening area outline 135 are adjacent in first direction D1.

[0102] like Figure 1D As shown, for example, the spacing k1 between adjacent second pixel opening area outlines 125 and third pixel opening area outlines 135, the spacing k2 between adjacent second pixel opening area outlines 125 and first pixel opening area outlines 115, and the spacing t3 between the orthographic projections of adjacent third pixel opening area outlines 135 and first pixel opening area outlines 115 on the substrate 21 are all different. Furthermore, since the first metal line located between adjacent pixel opening area outlines is located in the middle of the gap between the two pixel opening area outlines, this may result in the three first metal lines 51 located between the three pixel opening area outlines 115, 125, and 135 not intersecting at a single point, as shown in FIG. Figure 1DAs shown, the three first metal lines 51 intersect with each other to define a triangle.

[0103] For example, Figure 1D As shown, the first metal grid corresponding to the second pixel opening area outline 125 includes adjacent first and second sides x1 and x2, wherein the first side x1 is neither parallel nor orthogonal to the second direction D2, and the second side x1 is neither parallel nor orthogonal to the second direction D2. The first side x1 is located between the second pixel opening area outline 125 and the first sub-pixel opening area outline 115, and the second side x2 is located between the second sub-pixel opening area outline 125 and the third sub-pixel opening area outline 135. For example, the lengths of the first side x1 and the second side x2 are different; for example, the first side x1 is longer than the second side x2. This asymmetry is also caused by the different gaps between the outlines of the pixel opening areas. As shown Figure 1B As shown, for example, the areas of the pixel opening region 110 of the green sub-pixel 11, the pixel opening region 120 of the red sub-pixel 12, and the pixel opening region 130 of the blue sub-pixel 13 increase in sequence. For example, the area of ​​the pixel opening region 110 of the green sub-pixel 11 is the smallest. This is because the lifespan of the luminescent material of the green sub-pixel 11 is longer than that of the luminescent materials of the other color sub-pixels. Therefore, minimizing the area of ​​its pixel opening region 110 can improve the uniformity and stability of the light emission of the display panel.

[0104] For example, Figure 1B As shown, the first metal mesh 52 covering the pixel opening area of ​​the two green sub-pixels is hexagonal, and the other first metal meshes 52 directly connected to the first metal mesh 52 are also hexagonal. However, this embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to this. The first metal mesh can also be a quadrilateral, pentagon, or other shape.

[0105] like Figure 1C As shown, the display structure 30 further includes a first encapsulation layer 33 located between the light-emitting element 23 and the touch-sensing structure 40. The encapsulation layer 33 is configured to seal the light-emitting element 23 to prevent external moisture and oxygen from penetrating into the light-emitting element and the driving circuit, thereby damaging components such as the light-emitting element 23. For example, the encapsulation layer 33 can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, such as an organic thin film, an inorganic thin film, or a multi-layer structure comprising alternating layers of organic and inorganic thin films.

[0106] like Figure 1CAs shown, the touch display panel 20 further includes a buffer layer 22 positioned between the display structure 30 and the touch structure 40. For example, the buffer layer 22 is formed on the first encapsulation layer 33 to improve adhesion between the touch structure 40 and the display structure 30. For example, the buffer layer 22 is an inorganic insulating layer, such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide, or silicon oxynitride. For example, the buffer layer 22 may also include a structure in which silicon oxide layers and silicon nitride layers are alternately stacked.

[0107] For example, the touch display panel 20 may further include a cover plate 34 located above the touch structure 40 . The cover plate 34 may be, for example, a glass cover plate or an organic flexible cover plate.

[0108] In other examples, a transparent protective layer (such as transparent optical adhesive) may be used instead of the cover plate 34 to protect the touch structure 40 .

[0109] For example, the base substrate 21 can be a glass substrate, a silicon substrate or a flexible substrate, and can be formed of a plastic material with excellent heat resistance and durability, such as polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyarylate, polyetherimide, polyethersulfone, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polysulfone (PSF), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), cellulose triacetate (TAC), cycloolefin polymer (COP) and cycloolefin copolymer (COC), etc.

[0110] Figure 2 Another pixel arrangement diagram provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 1A The difference between the pixel arrangement structure shown is that Figure 2 In the pixel arrangement structure shown, two blue sub-pixels 13 or two red sub-pixels 12 are arranged between two adjacent green sub-pixel pairs in the first direction. For example, the two blue sub-pixels 13 are arranged along the second direction, and the two red sub-pixels 12 are arranged along the second direction.

[0111] Similarly, the pixel opening regions of the two green sub-pixels in the green sub-image pair may expose the mesh holes 520 of the same first metal grid 52 , which will not be further described here.

[0112] For example, when an organic light-emitting diode is manufactured using a fine metal mask (FMM) evaporation process, the light-emitting layers of two adjacent red sub-pixels or blue sub-pixels can be formed through one evaporation hole, thereby reducing the difficulty of the manufacturing process.

[0113] In other examples, because the human eye is least sensitive to the position of the blue sub-pixel 13 and the blue sub-pixel also has the lowest brightness effect, the two adjacent blue sub-pixels 13 can be combined into one sub-pixel, that is, they share the same light-emitting element and the same pixel driver circuit, thereby reducing process difficulty and saving process costs. For example, the pixel opening areas of the two blue sub-pixels are also combined into one.

[0114] For example, the first metal grid layer 50 includes a plurality of first touch sub-electrodes and a plurality of first connecting electrodes arranged along the first direction D1, and the plurality of first touch sub-electrodes and the plurality of first connecting electrodes are alternately distributed one by one and electrically connected in sequence to form a first touch electrode extending along the first direction; the first metal grid layer 50 also includes a plurality of second touch sub-electrodes arranged in sequence along the second direction D2 and spaced from each other; each of the plurality of first touch sub-electrodes and each of the plurality of second touch sub-electrodes are spaced from each other, and respectively include a plurality of first metal grids 52 connected to each other.

[0115] For example, the touch structure further includes a second metal grid layer. With respect to the base substrate 21, the second metal grid layer is located in a layer different from the first metal grid layer. The two are separated by an insulating layer 70 (eg, Figure 1C For example, the second metal mesh layer is closer to the substrate.

[0116] refer to Figure 1C Since the second electrode 232 is a common electrode and is used to load a constant power supply voltage, the second touch electrode 420 in the first metal mesh layer 50 needs to transmit the change in the touch sensing signal caused by the touch, thereby realizing the touch detection function. Therefore, the first metal mesh layer is arranged further away from the base substrate, that is, away from the second electrode 232, so as to avoid the constant signal in the second electrode 232 from affecting the changing signal in the second touch electrode 420, thereby affecting the accuracy of touch detection.

[0117] The second metal mesh layer includes a plurality of second metal meshes defined by a plurality of second metal lines. The orthographic projections of the plurality of second metal lines on the substrate are located outside the orthographic projections of the pixel openings of the plurality of sub-pixels on the substrate, that is, within the orthographic projections of the pixel spacing regions on the substrate. The second metal mesh layer includes a plurality of second connecting electrodes (i.e., bridging electrodes) spaced apart from each other. Each of the plurality of second connecting electrodes electrically connects adjacent second touch sub-electrodes to form a second touch electrode extending in the second direction. The second connecting electrodes include a plurality of second metal meshes connected to each other.

[0118] Figure 3A FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a touch structure 40 provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 3AAs shown, the touch electrode structure includes a plurality of first touch electrodes 410 (R1-Rn) extending along a first direction D1 and a plurality of second touch electrodes 420 (T1-Tn) extending along a second direction D2. For example, the first touch electrodes 410 are touch sensing electrodes, and the second touch electrodes 420 are touch driving electrodes. However, the present disclosure is not limited to this. In other examples, the first touch electrodes 410 can be touch driving electrodes, and the second touch electrodes 420 can be touch sensing electrodes.

[0119] Each first touch electrode 410 includes first touch sub-electrodes 411 sequentially arranged and connected to each other along a first direction D1. Each second touch electrode 420 includes second touch sub-electrodes 421 sequentially arranged and connected to each other along a second direction D2. As shown in FIG3 , the main outline of each first touch sub-electrode 411 and second touch sub-electrode 421 is a diamond. In other examples, the first touch sub-electrodes 411 and second touch sub-electrodes 421 may also have other shapes, such as triangles, strips, and so on.

[0120] Adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411 in the first direction D1 are electrically connected through a first connecting electrode (not shown) to form the first touch electrode 410 , and adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421 in the second direction D2 are electrically connected through a second connecting electrode (not shown) to form the second touch electrode 420 .

[0121] Each first touch electrode 410 and each second touch electrode 420 are insulated from each other and cross each other to form a plurality of touch units 400 at the intersection, each touch unit including a portion of each of the two first touch electrode portions connected at the intersection and at least a portion of each of the two second touch electrode portions connected at the intersection. Figure 3A An enlarged schematic diagram of a touch unit 400 is shown on the right. As shown in the figure, each touch unit 400 includes half of each area of ​​two adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411 and half of each area of ​​two adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421, that is, an area including one first touch sub-electrode 411 and an area of ​​the second touch sub-electrode 421 on average. The intersection of the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 in each touch unit 400 (that is, the intersection of the first connection electrode and the second connection electrode) forms a reference point for calculating coordinates. When a finger touches the capacitive screen, it affects the coupling between the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode near the touch point, thereby changing the mutual capacitance between the two electrodes. The touch sensing signal changes according to the change in the capacitance of the touch screen, and the coordinates of each touch point can be calculated based on the reference point. For example, the area of ​​each touch unit 400 is equivalent to the area where a person's finger contacts the touch panel. If the area of ​​the touch unit is too large, a touch blind spot may appear on the panel, while if it is too small, a false touch signal may be generated.

[0122] The average side length of each touch unit 400 is P, which is called the pitch of the touch structure. For example, the pitch P ranges from 3.7 mm to 5 mm, for example, approximately 4 mm; this is because the diameter of a human finger in contact with the touch panel is approximately 4 mm. For example, the pitch P is the same as the average side length of each first touch sub-electrode 411 and the average side length of each second touch sub-electrode 421, as well as the center-to-center distance between adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411 and the center-to-center distance between adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421.

[0123] For example, the first metal grid layer 50 further includes dummy electrodes. Figure 3A As shown, the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 each include a hollow area, in which a dummy electrode 430 spaced apart from the touch sub-electrode is provided. By providing the hollow area, the electrode area (effective area) of the touch electrode is reduced, and the capacitive load (self-capacitance) on the touch electrode is reduced, thereby reducing the load on the touch electrode and improving the touch sensitivity. For example, the dummy electrode 430 is in a floating state, that is, it is not electrically connected to other structures or does not receive any electrical signals. For example, each of the dummy electrodes 430 includes a plurality of first metal grids 52 connected to each other.

[0124] For example, the touch area is usually rectangular (refer to Figure 10 ), one of the touch drive electrode and the touch sensing electrode extends along the length of the rectangle, and the other extends along the width of the rectangle. The touch electrode extending along the length is longer and therefore has a greater load. To improve the touch sensitivity of the touch electrode structure, it is necessary to reduce the load on the touch electrode.

[0125] For example, the length of the second touch electrode 420 is greater than the length of the first touch electrode 410, and the total area of ​​the hollow region of the second touch electrode 420 is greater than the total area of ​​the hollow region of the first touch electrode 410 (eg, Figure 3A As shown in FIG, the self-capacitance (parasitic capacitance) on the longer second touch electrode can be effectively and specifically reduced, thereby improving the touch sensitivity of the touch electrode structure. In addition, by providing a dummy electrode in the hollow area that is provided on the same layer as the touch electrode, the uniformity of the film layer can be improved, thereby improving the product yield. In some embodiments, the hollow area and dummy electrode can be provided only in the longer second touch electrode, while the first touch electrode is not provided with such a design (as shown in FIG. Figure 3B shown).

[0126] For example, each dummy electrode 430 has the same outline as the hollowed-out region in which it is located, that is, the dummy electrode and the touch sub-electrode in which it is located are nested with each other; a boundary region exists between the dummy electrode and the touch sub-electrode, and the dummy electrode and the touch sub-electrode are insulated from each other by the boundary region. For example, the dummy electrode 430 and the adjacent touch sub-electrode (the first touch sub-electrode or the second touch sub-electrode) are insulated from each other by a break formed by a broken first metal wire, that is, the first metal wire located in the boundary region forms two first metal wire segments separated by the break, one of which belongs to the dummy electrode 430 and the other belongs to the touch sub-electrode.

[0127] The average size of the boundary region (the average spacing between the dummy electrodes and the touch electrodes) is the minimum size that meets the design rule, for example, 3 to 6 microns. This can improve the uniformity of the film layer where the electrodes are located and increase the process yield. For example, the first boundary region (gap) between each dummy electrode 430 and the touch sub-electrode nested therewith has the same size.

[0128] For example, Figure 3A As shown, the boundary area extends along a curve, that is, the outline of the dummy electrode is a curved structure. For example, the outline includes a sawtooth structure. This design allows the dummy electrode to cover a larger area under the same area. Since the dummy electrode and the touch sub-electrode are nested with each other, the area covered by the touch electrode is also relatively large, which can avoid the dummy electrodes being too concentrated and causing blind spots. In addition, since the touch electrode and the dummy electrode are nested with each other, that is, the inner contour of the touch electrode is also a curved structure, this structure can increase the circumference of the inner contour compared to a straight line structure, thereby increasing the mutual capacitance of the touch electrode.

[0129] Figure 3B Schematic diagrams of touch structures provided by other embodiments of the present disclosure are shown. Figure 3B As shown, the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 respectively include a main body and a plurality of interdigital structures 440 extending from the main body. The first touch sub-electrode 411 and the adjacent second touch sub-electrode 421 are nested with each other in the first metal grid 50 through the interdigital structure 440 to form mutual capacitance. The interdigital structure can increase the circumference of the touch sub-electrode under the same area, thereby effectively increasing the mutual capacitance without increasing the self-capacitance (capacitive load) of the touch sub-electrode, thereby improving the touch sensitivity. For example, the shape of the main body can be circular or rectangular, and the shape of the interdigital structure includes at least one of the following shapes: parallelogram (such as rectangle), triangle, trapezoid, hexagon.

[0130] For example, multiple interdigital structures 440 are distributed around the main body of the touch sub-electrode. For example, the main body is rectangular, and the number of second interdigital structures 112 corresponding to each side is 3-10, such as 6-10. In other examples, the main body can also be circular, with multiple interdigital structures 440 evenly distributed around the circumference of the circle.

[0131] Figure 3B An enlarged schematic diagram of a touch unit 400 is shown on the right. Figure 3B As shown, adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411 in the first direction D1 are connected by first connecting electrodes 412 to form first touch electrodes 410 extending along the first direction D1, and adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421 in the second direction D2 are connected by second connecting electrodes ( Figure 3B (not shown) are connected to form the second touch electrodes 420 extending along the second direction D2.

[0132] For example, the length of each interdigital structure 440 is 1 / 10 to 1 / 3 of the center-to-center distance between adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411, that is, the distance between the center points of adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411. For example, this center-to-center distance is the pitch P of the touch structure. For an irregular interdigital structure, for example, this length can be the average length, maximum length, or minimum length of the interdigital structure 440.

[0133] For example, the width of each interdigital structure 440 is 1 / 10 to 1 / 4 of the center-to-center distance between adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411, such as 1 / 10 to 1 / 4 of the touch structure pitch P. For an irregular interdigital structure, the width can be, for example, the average width, maximum width, or minimum width of the interdigital structure 440.

[0134] For example, the spacing d between adjacent interdigital structures 440 is 1 / 20-1 / 10 of the touch structure pitch P. If the spacing between adjacent interdigital structures is non-uniform, the spacing d may be the average spacing, maximum spacing, or minimum spacing of the interdigital structures 440 .

[0135] Figure 4A An enlarged schematic diagram of a touch sub-electrode in the touch structure provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. The touch sub-electrode may be the first touch sub-electrode 411 or the second touch sub-electrode 421 . The following description will be made using the first touch sub-electrode 411 as an example.

[0136] like Figure 4AAs shown, the first touch sub-electrode 411 includes a main body 413 and a plurality of interdigital structures 440 connected to the main body 413. The interdigital structures 440 are distributed around the main body 413. The main body 413 includes multiple sides, such as a rectangular shape; for example, the number of interdigital structures 440 corresponding to each side is 3-10, such as 6-10.

[0137] For example, Figure 4A As shown, the dummy electrode 430 in the first touch sub-electrode 411 includes an interdigital structure 460. The extension direction of at least one interdigital structure 460 and at least one interdigital structure 440 of the first touch sub-electrode 411 are parallel to each other.

[0138] For example, the interdigital structure 440 or the interdigital structure 460 may be of regular or irregular shape, and may include at least one of the following shapes: rectangle, triangle, trapezoid. Figure 4A As shown, each interdigital structure 460 is in the shape of a convex letter "U", ie, a combination of two rectangles; this further increases the side length of the first touch electrode portion 411 compared to a single rectangle.

[0139] Figure 4B FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a touch unit in a touch structure provided by some embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 4B As shown, along the first direction D1, adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411 are electrically connected to each other through the first connecting electrodes 412 to form the first touch electrodes 410 located on the first metal mesh layer 50; along the second direction D2, adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421 are electrically connected to each other through the second connecting electrodes 422 located on the second metal mesh layer 60 to form the second touch electrodes 420. The first touch sub-electrodes 411 and the second touch sub-electrodes 421 are nested and isolated from each other in the first metal mesh layer 50 by the interdigital structure 440. Figure 4B As shown, the boundary line between the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 is sawtooth-shaped due to the existence of the interdigital structure.

[0140] Figure 5A Shown Figure 3B and Figure 4B An enlarged schematic diagram of region A in the middle, where region A is the intersection of the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 , namely, the bridge region; Figure 5B for Figure 5A Sectional view along section line BB', Figure 5D for Figure 5A Sectional view along section line D-D', Figure 5B and Figure 5D The specific details of the display structure are omitted.

[0141] Figure 5AThe light-colored grid in the middle schematically illustrates the first metal grid in the first metal grid layer 50. The first metal grid layer 50 includes the first touch electrode 410 (including the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the first connecting electrode 412) and the second touch sub-electrode 421. The first touch sub-electrode 411, the first connecting electrode 412, and the second touch sub-electrode 421 each include a plurality of first metal grids 52 connected to each other. Figure 5A The dark grid in the middle schematically shows the second metal grid in the second metal grid layer 60 . The second metal grid layer 60 includes the second connection electrode 422 . The second connection electrode 422 includes a plurality of second metal grids 62 connected to each other.

[0142] For example, both ends of the second connection electrode 422 are electrically connected to two adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421 in the second direction D2 through the via holes 71 in the insulating layer 70 , thereby electrically connecting the two adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421 in the second direction D2. Figure 5A The connection area C between the two is shown in FIG.

[0143] For example, Figure 5A As shown, adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421 in the second direction D2 are electrically connected via two second connecting electrodes 422. This dual-channel structure can effectively improve the device yield. For example, the intersection of signal lines is prone to electrostatic breakdown due to mutual capacitance, resulting in a short circuit. During the detection process, if a short circuit is detected in one channel of the two second connecting electrodes 422, even if that channel is removed (for example, by laser cutting), the circuit structure can still operate normally through the other channel.

[0144] For example, the orthographic projections of the multiple first metal wires 51 in at least two first metal grids 52 in the second touch sub-electrode 421 on the second metal grid layer 60 overlap with the multiple second metal wires 61 in at least two second metal grids 62 in each of the multiple second connection electrodes 422, so that the at least two first metal grids 52 have multiple vertices overlapping with the at least two second metal grids 62, and the multiple vertices include multiple connection vertices, and the multiple vias 71 are respectively located at the multiple connection vertices, that is, the multiple vias 71 are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the multiple connection vertices, and the vertices in the first metal grid 52 where the vias are provided are called connection vertices.

[0145] It should be noted that the first metal wire / second metal wire in the present disclosure refers to a metal wire connected between two adjacent vertices of the first metal grid / second metal grid, that is, each first metal wire / second metal wire corresponds to an edge of the first metal grid / second metal grid.

[0146] For example, the at least two second metal grids 62 are edge metal grids located at the ends of the second connection electrode 422; the at least two first metal grids 52 are edge metal grids located at the ends of the second touch electrode 421. The first metal grids 52 and the second metal grids 62 are both polygonal.

[0147] like Figure 5A As shown, the second connecting electrode 422 is electrically connected to the second touch sub-electrode 421 through the second metal line 61a in the edge second metal grid 62a located at each end and the first metal line 51a in the adjacent edge first metal grid 52a.

[0148] For example, the second metal line 61a is located on the side of the edge second metal grid 62a closest to the second touch sub-electrode 421. For example, the first metal line 51a is located on the side of the edge first metal grid 52a closest to the second connecting electrode 422. This arrangement can minimize the overlap between the second touch sub-electrode 421 and the second connecting electrode 422, thereby reducing the capacitive load on the touch sub-electrode and improving touch sensitivity.

[0149] For example, combined with Figure 5A and Figure 5B As shown, the second connection electrode 422 is located at each end of the polygonal edge of the second metal grid 62a, and at least two second metal lines 61a of the adjacent polygonal edge of the second touch sub-electrode 421 overlap in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, and are electrically connected through the via 71 in the insulating layer, so that the second connection electrode 422 is electrically connected to the second touch sub-electrode 421. For example, Figure 5A and 5B As shown, the at least two first metal lines 51a and the at least two second metal lines 61a overlap in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate 21, so that the edge first metal grid 52a has multiple vertices 53 that overlap with the edge second metal grid 62a. The multiple vertices 53 include multiple connecting vertices 53a, and the vias 71 are respectively located at a connecting vertex 53a, that is, the vertex 53 provided with the via 71 is a connecting vertex 53a. For example, the multiple vertices 53 of the edge first metal grid 52a and the multiple vertices 63 of the edge second metal grid 62a overlap in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate 21, and each via 71 corresponds to a pair of overlapping vertices 53 / vertex 63.

[0150] It should be noted that in Figure 5AIn the embodiment, the first metal grid layer 50 is closer to the viewer, so the second metal line 61a in the edge second metal grid 62a that overlaps with the edge first metal grid 52a is blocked by the first metal line 51a in the edge first metal grid 52a. However, for the convenience of explanation, Figure 5A The second metal line 61 a and the metal contact pad 65 are specifically shown in FIG.

[0151] For example, in the first metal grid, among the vertices 53 adjacent to each connection vertex 53a, at most only one vertex 53 (the two adjacent vertices are located at both ends of a first metal wire 51) is a connection vertex 53a, that is, in the first metal grid layer, there are no three consecutive vertices that are connection vertices.

[0152] It should be noted that the vertices adjacent to each connected vertex refer to the vertices that are directly adjacent to the connected vertex through a metal line. As shown in 5A, when the first metal grid and the second metal grid are hexagonal, the number of vertices adjacent to each connected vertex is at most three.

[0153] For example, Figure 5A and 5B As shown, for each second connection electrode 422, the four first metal wires 51a in the three polygonal edge first metal grids 52a and the four second metal wires 61a in the two polygonal edge second metal grids 62a overlap with each other in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, so that the edge first metal grid 52a has five vertices 53 overlapping with the edge second metal grid 62a. The four first metal wires 51a connect the five vertices 53 in sequence (for example, along the first direction) to form a W shape; the five vertices 53 are sequentially recorded as vertex 1, vertex 2, vertex 3, vertex 4, and vertex 5. For example, vertex 1, vertex 2, vertex 4, and vertex 5 are provided with vias 71, which are connected vertices 53a. Figure 5A The connection vertices 53a are indicated by dots in FIG. The four connection vertices 53a respectively generate four effective channels 54 for transmitting the touch signal (touch driving signal or touch sensing signal) on the second touch sub-electrode 421 to the second connection electrode 422. For example, the multiple connection vertices 53a are not located on a straight line. Figure 5A As shown, the plurality of connected vertices 53a are located on two straight lines.

[0154] For example, the effective channel can be understood as the first metal wire 51 that is directly connected to the connection vertex 53a and enables the via 71 corresponding to the connection vertex 53a to transmit the touch signal in the second touch sub-electrode 421 to the second connection electrode 422. Therefore, the first metal wire 51 connected between two adjacent connection vertices 53a is not an effective channel because the touch signal can be transmitted to the second connection electrode 422 through the via 71 corresponding to the connection vertex 53a when reaching any connection vertex 53a, without having to pass through the first metal wire 51.

[0155] Through the above arrangement, each connection vertex 53 a can generate an effective channel, thereby minimizing the overlap between the first metal wire 51 a and the second metal wire 52 a.

[0156] For example, Figure 5C The left side shows an example of a vertex 63 of the second metal grid 62 having no via hole, and the right side shows an example of a vertex 63a (corresponding to the connection vertex 53a) of the second metal grid 62 having a via hole 71. Figure 5C As shown, in order to ensure that the first metal wire 51 forms good contact with the second metal wire 61 through the via 71 at the connection vertex 53a, the second metal grid layer 60 forms a metal contact pad 65 with a larger area at the vertex 63a, resulting in the occupied area of ​​the vertex 63a being larger than the occupied area of ​​the original vertex 63. Similarly, the first metal grid layer 50 also forms a metal contact pad with a larger area at the connection vertex 53a. For example, the shape of the metal contact pad is rectangular or circular, and the size (average side length or diameter) of the metal contact pad is more than twice that of the first metal wire 51 or the second metal wire 61. Therefore, the provision of the via 71 will cause the overlapping area of ​​the first metal wire 51 and the second metal wire 52 to become larger.

[0157] Through the above arrangement, each connection vertex 53a can generate an effective channel, thereby minimizing the number of metal contact pads and reducing the area of ​​the metal layer. This can reduce the self-capacitance of the second connection electrode 422 and the overlap between the first metal line 51 and the second metal line 52. From these two aspects, the capacitive load of the touch sub-electrode is reduced, thereby improving touch sensitivity.

[0158] In other examples, for example, the vertex 53 adjacent to each connection vertex 53a in the edge first metal mesh 52a is not a connection vertex. Figure 5A Each second connection electrode 422 shown can set the above-mentioned vertex No. 1, vertex No. 3, and vertex No. 5 as connection vertices, and the three connection vertices form three effective channels. For example, the multiple connection vertices are located on a straight line.

[0159] For example, for each second connection electrode 422 , the number of vertices at which the edge second metal mesh 62 a overlaps with the edge first metal mesh 52 a is not less than 5, and the number of the connected vertices is not less than 3.

[0160] For example, the first metal wire 51 directly connected to each connection vertex 53a is intact, that is, it is connected between two vertices of the first metal grid 52 without any breaks in between. For example, the first metal grid 52 where each connection vertex 53a is located is intact, that is, all the first metal wires 51 in the first metal grid 52 are intact. This configuration can improve the transmission efficiency and effectiveness of the touch signal from the second touch sub-electrode 421 to the second connection electrode 422.

[0161] For example, each second connection electrode 422 includes at least two connection lines (first connection lines), Figure 5A , a connecting line 64 is exemplarily illustrated. The connecting line 64 is composed of multiple second metal lines 61 connected end to end. Each end of the connecting line 64 corresponds to a vertex 63a of a second metal grid 62, and is electrically connected to a connection vertex 53a of the first metal grid 52 through a via 71, thereby effectively transmitting signals between two adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421. For example, the multiple connecting lines 64 do not have overlapping (shared) second metal lines 61.

[0162] For example, Figure 5A As shown, each second connecting electrode 422 also includes a plurality of intermediate second metal grids 62b, and the plurality of intermediate second metal grids 62b are located between the edge second metal grids 62a at both ends of the second connecting electrode 422, and connect the edge second metal grids 62a at both ends of the second connecting electrode 422. The plurality of intermediate second metal grids 62b are connected in sequence, and each intermediate second metal grid 62a only includes two second metal wires 61 shared with adjacent second metal grids 62, and the two second metal wires 61 are not adjacent to each other, and are respectively shared by the intermediate second metal grid 62a and the two second metal grids 62 adjacent thereto. Each intermediate second metal grid 62b includes two second metal wires 61 parallel to the second direction D2, and each of the two second metal wires 51 is located at the edge of the second connecting electrode 244, that is, it belongs exclusively to the intermediate second metal grid 62b and is not shared by the two second metal grids. In this case, as Figure 5A As shown, each second connecting electrode 422 includes two connecting lines 64 .

[0163] For example, Figure 5AAs shown, the positive projection of each first connecting electrode 412 in the second metal grid layer 60 is located in the gap between two second connecting electrodes 422 between adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421, that is, the first metal wire 51 in the first connecting electrode 412 and the second metal wire 61 in the second metal grid layer 60 do not overlap in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. Figure 5A The dotted line in FIG. 4 shows the range of the first connection electrode 412. Figure 5A As shown, the first connection electrode 412 is insulated from the adjacent second touch sub-electrode 421 by a break, and the break is located at the end of the first metal line 51 in the first connection electrode 412. For example, the first connection electrode 412 further forms a break at the end of the first metal line 51 to avoid overlapping with the second connection electrode 422 in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, thereby reducing the capacitive load on the touch electrode.

[0164] For example, Figure 5A As shown, the second metal meshes 62 in the second connection electrodes 422 are all complete meshes, and no second metal lines 61 in the second metal meshes 62 have any breaks. This is because the number of metal meshes in the second connection electrodes 422 is relatively small, which can improve the yield of the second connection electrodes 422 and ensure effective signal transmission.

[0165] For example, Figure 5A As shown, the first metal wires 51 located at the first connection electrodes 412 have no breaks, and the edge first metal grids 52 located at the edges of the first connection electrodes 412 have defects, for example, at least one edge is missing, so that the second metal wires 61 do not overlap with the first metal wires 51.

[0166] For example, Figure 5A As shown, each first touch sub-electrode 411 is electrically connected to the adjacent first connection electrode 412 through at least one connection line 51b (second connection line) composed of multiple first metal wires 51 connected end to end; when there are multiple connection lines 51b, the multiple connection lines 51b are spaced apart from each other. Figure 5A The connection line 51b shown in FIG. 5 includes three first metal lines 51. For example, each first metal line 51 in the connection line 51b overlaps with the second metal line 61 in the second connection electrode 422 in a direction perpendicular to the base substrate, thereby not affecting the pixel aperture ratio.

[0167] Figure 5E Shown Figure 3B and Figure 4B Another example of a magnified schematic of area A. Figure 5EThe light-colored mesh in the middle schematically illustrates the first touch electrode 410 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 in the second touch electrode 420. The first touch electrode 410 includes the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the first connecting electrode 412. The first touch sub-electrode 411, the first connecting electrode 412, and the second touch sub-electrode 421 each include a plurality of first metal meshes 52 connected to each other. In other words, the light-colored mesh is the first metal mesh 52 located in the first metal mesh layer 50. Figure 5E The dark grid in the middle diagram schematically illustrates the second connecting electrode 422 in the second touch electrode 420. The second connecting electrode 422 includes a plurality of interconnected second metal meshes 62. Therefore, the dark grid is the second metal mesh 62 located in the second metal mesh layer 60. The dotted line in the figure outlines the area of ​​the first connecting electrode 412.

[0168] and Figure 5A The embodiment shown is different in that Figure 5E In the embodiment shown, the second connection electrode 422 includes a greater number of intermediate second metal grids 62b, and a greater number of connection lines 51b (three shown in the figure) electrically connecting each first touch sub-electrode 411 to the adjacent first connection electrode 412. Figure 5E As shown, the plurality of connection lines 51 b are spaced apart from each other, and the first metal lines 51 in two adjacent connection lines 51 b are not directly connected by a first metal line 51 .

[0169] It should be noted that in Figure 5E In the embodiment, the first metal grid layer 50 is closer to the viewer, so the second metal line 61a in the edge second metal grid 62a that overlaps with the edge first metal grid 52a is blocked by the first metal line 51a in the edge first metal grid 52a. However, for the convenience of explanation, Figure 5E The second metal line 61 a and the metal contact pad 65 are specifically shown in FIG.

[0170] For example, Figure 5A As shown, among the first metal wires at the edge of the first connection electrode 412, except for the first metal wire electrically connected to the connection wire 51b, the rest of the first metal wires have fractures (notches) formed at the ends away from the first connection electrode 412. Figure 5E As shown, the first connection electrode 412 also includes an edge first metal wire with a middle break, which separates a first metal wire 51 into two first metal wire segments. The two first metal wire segments belong to the first connection electrode 412 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 adjacent to the first connection electrode 412, thereby achieving insulation between the first connection electrode 412 and the second touch sub-electrode 421. Figure 5A and 5DAs shown, for example, there is no common first metal wire 51 between the first metal grid 52 in the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the first metal grid 52 in the first connection electrode 412 , that is, the two are not electrically connected through the common first metal wire 51 .

[0171] This arrangement minimizes the overlap of the metal lines in the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second connecting electrode 422, thereby reducing the mutual capacitance between them. When the mutual capacitance between the first touch electrode 410 and the second touch electrode 420 changes due to a touch signal, the change is easier to detect due to the smaller baseline mutual capacitance value, thereby improving the sensitivity of touch detection.

[0172] Figure 6A and Figure 6B Shown respectively Figure 3B Two examples of the enlarged schematic diagram of area B, which involves two first touch sub-electrodes 411 adjacent and insulated in the second direction D2 and two second touch sub-electrodes 421 adjacent and insulated in the first direction D1. Area B is the isolation area of ​​the four touch sub-electrodes.

[0173] For example, Figure 5D As shown, the average line width X1 of the first metal line 51 is greater than the average line width X2 of the second metal line 61. For example, in the width direction of the metal line, the orthographic projection of the second metal line 61 on the base substrate 21 is located within the orthographic projection of the first metal line 51 on the base substrate 21, which can effectively improve the aperture ratio of the display substrate.

[0174] Figure 6A The metal grids shown are all located in the first metal grid layer, that is, they are all first metal grids, where the light-colored grids represent the first metal grids in the adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411 , and the dark-colored grids represent the first metal grids in the two adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421 .

[0175] like Figure 6A As shown, the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 are adjacent to each other, and the multiple first metal wires 51 located in the boundary area between the two include multiple breaks (space) 510 respectively. Each break 510 is located, for example, in the middle of the first metal wire 51, and separates the first metal wire 51 into two first metal wire segments 51f. One of the two first metal wire segments 51f belongs to the first touch sub-electrode 411, and the other belongs to the second touch sub-electrode 421, thereby insulating the adjacent first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421.

[0176] It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first metal wire segment belonging to the touch sub-electrode means that there is an electrical connection between the first metal wire segment and the touch sub-electrode to which it belongs.

[0177] In the touch structure provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, adjacent and insulated touch sub-electrodes (for example, between adjacent first touch sub-electrodes and second touch sub-electrodes, between two adjacent second touch sub-electrodes in the first direction, and between two adjacent first touch sub-electrodes in the second direction) are insulated by breaks formed by broken metal wires; compared with insulation through the provision of dummy electrodes, this provision can maximize the provision area of ​​the touch electrodes, increase the density of the touch electrodes, and thus improve the touch sensitivity.

[0178] For example, Figure 6A As shown, the edge metal grid of each touch sub-electrode is incomplete, that is, it includes a portion of the first metal grid. The edge metal grids in adjacent touch sub-electrodes match each other to define the first metal grid.

[0179] For example, at least one first metal grid includes three insulated first metal grid portions, each of which belongs to a first touch sub-electrode and two second touch sub-electrodes adjacent in the first direction D1. For example, the first metal grid is hexagonal, and at least two first metal grids include the three insulated first metal grid portions.

[0180] like Figure 6A and Figure 6B As shown, Figure 6A and Figure 6B , each of the two first metal grids 52c in the dotted circle includes three first metal grid portions insulated from each other, the three first metal grid portions respectively belonging to three touch sub-electrodes insulated from each other, the three touch sub-electrodes including two first touch sub-electrodes 411 adjacent to each other in the second direction D2 and a second touch sub-electrode 421 located between the two first touch sub-electrodes (as shown in FIG. Figure 6A ), or the three touch sub-electrodes include two second touch sub-electrodes 421 adjacent to each other in the first direction D1 and a first touch sub-electrode 411 located between the two second touch sub-electrodes 421 (as shown in FIG. Figure 6B This design effectively insulates the touch sub-electrodes while making their arrangement more compact, thereby improving touch sensitivity.

[0181] For example, Figure 6A and 6B As shown, there is a fracture 510 on each of the three sides of each metal grid 52c, thereby dividing the metal grid into three parts.

[0182] For example, Figure 6A and 6B As shown, the first metal grid 52c is a polygon, for example, a hexagon, which includes two sides parallel to the second direction D2 and opposite to each other. The first metal wire 51 of the first metal grid 52c located on at least one of the sides has a break, which separates the first metal wire into two first metal wire segments 51f. For example, Figure 6A As shown, the two first metal wire segments 51f respectively belong to two first touch sub-electrodes 411 adjacent to each other in the second direction. Figure 6B As shown, the two first metal wire segments 51 f belong to the adjacent first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 respectively.

[0183] For example, Figure 6A and 6B As shown, the polygons of the two first metal grids 52c share one edge, that is, the two first metal grids 52c share one first metal wire 51g. There is a break 520 on the first metal wire 51g, which separates the first metal wire 51g into two spaced first metal wire segments.

[0184] For example, Figure 6A As shown, the two first metal grids 52c are arranged along the first direction D1, and the shared first metal line 51g is parallel to the second direction D2. The two first metal line segments in the shared first metal line 51g belong to two adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411 in the second direction D2; that is, the two adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411 in the second direction D2 are directly adjacent to each other through a break or separated from each other by a break. For example, two adjacent second touch sub-electrodes 421 in the first direction D1 are separated from each other by a portion of two adjacent first touch sub-electrodes 411 in the second direction D2.

[0185] For example, Figure 6B As shown, the arrangement direction of the two first metal grids 52c is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the second direction D2, and the shared first metal line 51g is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the second direction D2. The two first metal line segments in the shared first metal line 51g belong to two second touch sub-electrodes 421 adjacent in the first direction D1, respectively; that is, the two second touch sub-electrodes 421 adjacent in the first direction D1 are directly adjacent to each other through a break or separated from each other by a break. For example, two first touch sub-electrodes 411 adjacent in the second direction D2 are separated from each other by a portion of two second touch sub-electrodes 421 adjacent in the first direction D1.

[0186] For example, Figure 6A and 6BAs shown, each of the three first metal grid parts of one of the two first metal grids 52c includes a complete first metal wire 51; the number of first metal wires included in the three first metal grid parts of the other first metal grid 52c is different from each other, for example, the numbers are 0, 1, and 2 respectively.

[0187] like Figure 6A and Figure 6B As shown, each first metal grid portion includes two first metal wire segments 51f, or only includes two first metal wire segments 51f; or includes a complete first metal wire 51 and two first metal wire segments 51f, and the first metal wire 51 is connected between the two first metal wire segments; or includes two complete first metal wires 51 and two first metal wire segments 51f, and the two first metal wires 51 are connected between the two first metal wire segments 51f.

[0188] The inventors discovered that the boundary between the first and second touch sub-electrodes, where insulation is achieved through wire breaks, results in a high density of metal wire breaks per unit area. When these breaks exhibit a certain regular continuity, they reflect a significant difference in ambient light between the breaks and the metal wires. This results in a highly visible shadow on the final product, significantly impacting the user experience. For example, when this touch structure is used in a display device, these shadows can degrade display quality.

[0189] At least one embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a touch structure, in which a plurality of fractures on a first metal line located in a boundary area between a first touch sub-electrode and a second touch sub-electrode include a plurality of first fractures located on the first line, the plurality of first fractures being respectively located on a plurality of first metal lines intersecting with the first line, and the first line extending roughly in a certain direction; there is at least one first metal line between at least two first fractures, the at least one first metal line intersects with the first line, and the at least one first metal line has no fracture at the intersection with the first line.

[0190] Through this setting, the continuity of the fracture in the boundary area can be effectively broken, and the purpose of shadow elimination can be achieved.

[0191] It should be noted that the first line can be a straight line or a curve extending generally in a certain direction, such as a broken line. Due to process fluctuations, the multiple first fractures are not necessarily located strictly on a straight line, but may fluctuate relative to the straight line. As long as the curve extends generally in a fixed direction, the embodiment falls within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0192] In some examples, the first line is a first straight line. For example, the plurality of first fractures are respectively located on a plurality of first metal wires that are orthogonal to the first straight line.

[0193] The touch structure provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is exemplarily described below by taking the first line as a first straight line as an example, but this is not intended to limit the present disclosure.

[0194] Figure 7A A schematic diagram of a metal wire fracture design is shown. As shown, multiple fractures 510' on multiple metal wires 51' are located continuously along a straight line without interruption. For example, there is no metal wire between the multiple fractures 510', and no fracture exists where the metal wire intersects the straight line. This arrangement of metal wires creates a visually noticeable shadow (shadow NG).

[0195] Figure 7B A simulation diagram illustrating the shadow elimination design of a touch structure provided in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. As shown, multiple fractures 510 on multiple parallel metal lines are located on a straight line L perpendicular to the metal lines. No fractures are provided at the intersection of the metal line 51 and the line L between at least two fractures 510, significantly improving the shadow elimination effect (shadow OK).

[0196] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by at least some embodiments of the present disclosure is shown. Figure 8 The right side of FIG shows a schematic diagram of a touch unit in the touch structure. Figure 8 The left side shows an enlarged schematic diagram of the boundary area between the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 of the touch structure; for example, the light-colored grid illustrates the first metal grid in the first touch sub-electrode 411, and the dark-colored grid illustrates the first metal grid in the second touch sub-electrode 421.

[0197] like Figure 8 As shown, in the boundary region between the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421, there are a plurality of first breaks 510a located on the first straight line L1. The plurality of first breaks are respectively located on a plurality of first metal lines 51 orthogonal to the first straight line L1. The plurality of first metal lines 51 are parallel to each other, for example, parallel to the second direction D2. There is at least one first metal line 51c (such as Figure 8 The first metal wire 51c intersects with the first straight line L1 and there is no break at the intersection.

[0198] By disposing the first metal wire 51 c , the continuity of the plurality of break points 510 a located on the first straight line L1 is broken, thereby effectively achieving the shadow elimination effect.

[0199] It should be noted that the above-mentioned multiple first breaks all refer to the breaks between two touch sub-electrodes (such as adjacent first touch sub-electrodes and second touch sub-electrodes, two adjacent second touch sub-electrodes in the first direction, and two adjacent first touch sub-electrodes in the second direction) to break the regularity of the local break arrangement.

[0200] For example, the first straight line L1 is parallel to the first direction D1, that is, the same as the extending direction of the first touch electrode 410; for example, the first metal line 51c is parallel to the first metal line 51 having the first break; for example, the first metal line 51c is parallel to the second direction D1. For example, the first metal line 51c does not have a break.

[0201] For example, the first metal wires 51e directly connected to one end of the first metal wire 51c all have a break, so that the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 are insulated; at least one of the first metal wires directly connected to the other end of the first metal wire 51c does not have a break, so that the first metal wire 51c and the touch sub-electrode (such as Figure 8 As shown, the main body of the second touch sub-electrode 421 is electrically connected.

[0202] For example, the first metal mesh 51 is a polygon with more than four sides, such as a pentagon or a hexagon. This configuration can diversify the extension directions of the sides of the metal mesh, thereby making it less likely that the arrangement of the fractures on the metal wires will be regular and continuous. However, this is not a limitation of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0203] like Figure 8 As shown, the first metal grid is hexagonal; the extending direction of the first metal line 51e is inclined to the extending direction of the first metal line 51c; for example, the extending direction of the first metal line 51e is neither parallel nor perpendicular to the first direction D1.

[0204] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a touch structure provided by another embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, showing the boundary area between the first touch sub-electrode 411 and the second touch sub-electrode 421 of the touch structure; for example, the light-colored grid illustrates the first metal grid in the first touch sub-electrode 411, and the dark-colored grid illustrates the first metal grid in the second touch sub-electrode 421. The first straight line L1 is shown in the figure. Figure 8 The difference between the embodiment shown is that the first metal grid in this embodiment is a quadrilateral, for example a rectangle. Figure 8 The description of the illustrated embodiment will not be repeated here.

[0205] For example, a break may also be present in the first metal wire 51 within the first touch sub-electrode 411 or the second touch sub-electrode 421, thereby reducing the difference in light reflection and light emission between the first metal wire within the touch sub-electrode and the first metal wire at the boundary, thereby improving the user experience. For example, a break within the touch sub-electrode separates the first metal wire into two first metal wire segments, both of which belong to the same touch sub-electrode.

[0206] For example, the fracture density inside the touch sub-electrode is comparable to the fracture density at the boundary, thereby improving display uniformity and process uniformity.

[0207] For example, the fracture design rules inside the touch sub-electrode are similar to the fracture design rules at the boundary.

[0208] For example, the break 510 is located in the middle of the first metal wire 51 .

[0209] The following combination Figure 8 The fracture inside the first touch sub-electrode is used as an example to illustrate the fracture inside the touch sub-electrode of the touch structure provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0210] For example, Figure 8 As shown, the breaks of the first metal wire located inside the first touch sub-electrode 411 include multiple second breaks 510b located on the second straight line L2, and the multiple second breaks 510b are respectively located on multiple first metal wires 51 that are orthogonal to the second straight line L2; there is at least one first metal wire 51d between at least two second breaks 510b, and the first metal wire 51d intersects with the second straight line L2, and there is no break on the first metal wire 51d at the intersection with the second straight line.

[0211] For example, the second straight line L2 is parallel to the first direction D1.

[0212] This setting can effectively break the continuity of the fracture inside the touch sub-electrode and realize the shadow elimination design.

[0213] For example, Figure 8 As shown, inside the first touch sub-electrode 411 , each first metal grid has at most two first metal lines with breaks, thereby ensuring effective electrical connection.

[0214] For example, a similar fracture design can also be performed for the boundary area between the dummy electrode 430 in the touch sub-electrode (the first touch sub-electrode or the second touch sub-electrode) and the touch sub-electrode. For example, the multiple first metal wires located in the boundary area between the touch sub-electrode and the dummy electrode respectively include multiple fractures, each of the multiple fractures separates the first metal wire into two first metal wire segments, one of the two first metal wire segments belongs to the touch sub-electrode, and the other belongs to the dummy electrode, thereby insulating the touch sub-electrode and the dummy electrode. The multiple fractures include multiple third fractures located on a third straight line, and the multiple third fractures are respectively located on multiple first metal wires intersecting with the third straight line; there is at least one first metal wire between at least two third fractures, each of the at least one first metal wire intersects with the third straight line, and each of the at least one first metal wire does not have a fracture at the intersection with the third straight line. For example, Figure 8 The enlarged schematic diagram on the left is considered to correspond to the boundary area between the touch sub-electrode and the dummy electrode (for example Figure 8 A similar understanding is made for the S area shown in the enlarged schematic diagram, and the dark grid and the light grid in the enlarged schematic diagram are respectively understood as the first metal grid in the touch sub-electrode and the first metal grid in the dummy electrode, and the first straight line L1 in the figure is understood as the third straight line.

[0215] This arrangement can effectively break the continuity of the boundary region between the touch sub-electrode and the dummy electrode therein, thereby achieving a shadow elimination design.

[0216] The embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a touch panel including the above touch structure.

[0217] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of a touch panel provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 10 As shown, the touch panel 80 includes a touch area 301 and a non-touch area 302 outside the touch area 301. The touch structure 40 is located in the touch area 301. For example, the first touch electrode 410 extends along the width of the rectangle, and the second touch electrode 420 extends along the length of the rectangle. For clarity, the structures of the first touch electrode and the second touch electrode are not shown in detail in the figure.

[0218] For example, Figure 10 As shown, the touch panel 80 also includes a plurality of signal lines 450 located in the non-touch area 302. Each first touch electrode 410 and each second touch electrode 420 is electrically connected to a signal line 450 and connected to a touch controller or touch integrated circuit (not shown) through the signal line. For example, the first touch electrodes 410 are touch drive electrodes, and the second touch electrodes 420 are touch sensing electrodes, but this is not a limitation of the present disclosure.

[0219] The touch integrated circuit is, for example, a touch chip, which is used to provide a touch drive signal to the second touch electrode 420 in the touch panel 80 and receive a touch sensing signal from the first touch electrode 410 and process the touch sensing signal, for example, providing the processed data / signal to the system controller to realize the touch sensing function.

[0220] For example, Figure 10 As shown, the ends of the plurality of signal lines 450 connected to the touch integrated circuit can be arranged on the same side of the touch area 301 (eg Figure 10 This facilitates connection with the touch integrated circuit.

[0221] For example, Figure 10 As shown, since the second touch electrode 420 is longer than the first touch electrode 410 and has a heavier load, in order to increase the signal transmission speed, a signal line 450 can be set at both ends of a first touch electrode 410. When working, the touch integrated circuit simultaneously inputs touch drive signals (bilateral drive) to a second touch electrode 420 in both directions through two signal lines 450, so that the speed of signal loading on the second touch electrode 420 is increased, thereby improving the detection speed.

[0222] For example, the material of the first metal grid layer 50 or the second metal grid layer 60 includes metal materials such as aluminum, molybdenum, copper, silver, or alloy materials of these metal materials, such as silver-palladium-copper alloy (APC) material.

[0223] For example, the width of each fracture (the dimension along the length direction of the metal line) is 5.2 microns.

[0224] For example, the material of the insulating layer 70 can be an inorganic insulating material, for example, the inorganic insulating material is a transparent material. For example, the inorganic insulating material can be a silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, or silicon oxynitride, or a metal oxynitride insulating material such as aluminum oxide or titanium nitride.

[0225] For example, the insulating layer 70 may be made of an organic insulating material to achieve good bending resistance. For example, the organic insulating material is a transparent material. For example, the organic insulating material is an OCA optical adhesive. For example, the organic insulating material may include polyimide (PI), acrylate, epoxy resin, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), etc.

[0226] The present disclosure also provides an electronic device including the touch structure 40, the touch display panel 20, or the touch panel 80. For example, the electronic device is a touch display device with integrated touch functionality. The touch display device may be any product or component with both display and touch functionality, such as a display, an OLED panel, an OLED TV, electronic paper, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a digital photo frame, or a navigation system.

[0227] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. For example, the electronic device 90 is a touch display device, which includes a touch panel 80 and a display panel 81, and the display panel 81 is stacked with the touch panel 80. The display panel 81 includes a display area 802 and a non-display area 801. For example, the display area 301 and the touch area 801 are aligned with each other so as to correspond to each other, and the non-display area 802 and the non-touch area 302 are aligned with each other so as to correspond to each other. The display panel 81 and the touch panel 80 are fixed to each other, for example, by adhesive, or are formed as one piece, that is, the touch panel 80 is directly formed on the display panel 81 with the display panel 81 as a substrate.

[0228] The foregoing description is merely an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure. The scope of protection of the present disclosure is determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A touch structure, comprising a first metal grid layer, wherein the first metal grid layer comprises a plurality of first metal grids defined by a plurality of first metal lines, wherein the first metal grids are polygonal; in, The first metal grid layer includes a plurality of first touch sub-electrodes and a plurality of first connecting electrodes arranged along a first direction, wherein the plurality of first touch sub-electrodes and the plurality of first connecting electrodes are alternately distributed and electrically connected in sequence to form first touch electrodes extending along the first direction; the first metal grid layer also includes a plurality of second touch sub-electrodes arranged in sequence and spaced apart from each other in a second direction, wherein the first direction intersects the second direction; The plurality of first metal wires located in the boundary region between adjacent first touch sub-electrodes and second touch sub-electrodes respectively include a plurality of breaks, each of the plurality of breaks dividing the first metal wire into two first metal wire segments, one of the two first metal wire segments belonging to the first touch sub-electrode and the other belonging to the second touch sub-electrode, thereby insulating the adjacent first touch sub-electrodes from the second touch sub-electrodes; The plurality of fractures include a plurality of first fractures located on a first line, the plurality of first fractures are respectively located on a plurality of first metal lines intersecting the first line, and the first line extends substantially along a certain direction; There is at least one first metal line between at least two first breaks, each of the at least one first metal line intersects with the first line, and no break exists at the intersection of each of the at least one first metal line with the first line; The plurality of first metal wires within each of the plurality of first touch sub-electrodes or the plurality of second touch sub-electrodes respectively include a plurality of breaks, each of the plurality of breaks dividing the first metal wire within the first metal wire into two first metal wire segments, and the two first metal wire segments both belong to the first touch sub-electrode or both belong to the second touch sub-electrode; The plurality of fractures located inside the first touch sub-electrode or the second touch sub-electrode include a plurality of second fractures located on a second straight line, and the plurality of second fractures are respectively located on a plurality of first metal wires orthogonal to the second straight line. At least one first metal wire exists between the at least two second breaks, each of the at least one first metal wire intersects the second straight line, and each of the at least one first metal wire has no break at the intersection with the second straight line.

2. The touch structure according to claim 1, wherein: The first line is a first straight line, and the plurality of first fractures are respectively located on a plurality of first metal wires that are orthogonal to the first straight line.

3. The touch structure according to claim 2, wherein: Each of the at least one first metal wire is orthogonal to the first straight line.

4. The touch structure according to claim 1, wherein: The first line extends along the first direction.

5. The touch structure according to claim 1, wherein: All first metal lines directly connected to one end of each first metal line of the at least one first metal line have breaks, so that the adjacent first touch sub-electrodes and second touch sub-electrodes are insulated.

6. The touch structure according to claim 5, wherein: All the first metal lines directly connected to one end of each of the at least one first metal line are neither parallel to nor perpendicular to the first direction.

7. The touch structure according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the plurality of breakouts is located in the middle of the first metal wire.

8. The touch structure according to claim 1, wherein: Each of the plurality of first metal meshes is hexagonal.

9. The touch structure according to claim 1, wherein: The first metal grid layer further includes a dummy electrode, the at least one second touch sub-electrode includes a hollow area, the dummy electrode is located in the hollow area and is insulated from the at least one second touch sub-electrode; The plurality of first metal wires located in the boundary region between the second touch sub-electrode and the dummy electrode respectively include a plurality of breaks, each of the plurality of breaks dividing the first metal wire into two first metal wire segments, one of the two first metal wire segments belonging to the second touch sub-electrode and the other belonging to the dummy electrode, thereby insulating the second touch sub-electrode from the dummy electrode; The plurality of fractures include a plurality of third fractures located on a third straight line, and the plurality of third fractures are respectively located on a plurality of first metal wires intersecting the third straight line; At least one first metal wire exists between at least two third breaks, each of the at least one first metal wire intersects the third straight line, and no break exists at the intersection of each of the at least one first metal wire and the third straight line.

10. The touch structure according to claim 1, wherein: The first metal grid layer includes a plurality of first touch electrodes arranged along the second direction, At least one first metal grid includes three first metal grid parts insulated from each other, and the three first metal grid parts respectively belong to three touch sub-electrodes insulated from each other. The three touch sub-electrodes include two first touch sub-electrodes adjacent to each other in the second direction and a second touch sub-electrode located between the two first touch sub-electrodes, or two second touch sub-electrodes adjacent to each other in the first direction and a first touch sub-electrode located between the two second touch sub-electrodes.

11. The touch structure according to claim 10, wherein: The three first metal grid portions are insulated from each other by three breaks in three first metal lines located on three sides of each of the at least one metal grid, and each break separates the first metal line into two spaced first metal line segments.

12. The touch structure according to claim 10, wherein: The at least one first metal grid includes two first metal grids, and the two first metal grids share a first metal line; A break exists on the shared first metal line, and the shared first metal line includes two first metal line segments separated by the break.

13. The touch structure according to any one of claims 1 to 12, further comprising a second metal mesh layer, in, The first metal grid layer and the second metal grid layer are separated by an insulating layer located between the first metal grid layer and the second metal grid layer; The second metal grid layer includes a plurality of second metal grids defined by a plurality of second metal lines, and the second metal grids are polygonal; The second metal grid layer includes a plurality of second connecting electrodes spaced apart from each other, each of the plurality of second connecting electrodes being electrically connected to an adjacent second touch sub-electrode through a plurality of vias in the insulating layer, thereby electrically connecting the adjacent second touch sub-electrodes to form a second touch electrode extending in the second direction.

14. The touch structure according to claim 13, wherein: At least two first metal meshes in the second touch sub-electrodes, multiple first metal lines in each of the at least two first metal meshes, are respectively overlapped with multiple second metal lines in at least two second metal meshes in each of the multiple second connection electrodes on the second metal mesh layer, so that the at least two first metal meshes have multiple vertices overlapping with the at least two second metal meshes, the multiple vertices include multiple connection vertices, and the multiple vias are respectively located at the multiple connection vertices.

15. The touch structure according to claim 14, wherein: Among the vertices adjacent to each of the multiple connection vertices, at most one vertex is a connection vertex.

16. The touch structure according to claim 14 or 15, wherein: Each of the multiple second connection electrodes includes at least two first connection lines, and each of the at least two first connection lines includes multiple second metal lines connected end to end in sequence. Both ends of each of the at least two first connection lines are respectively electrically connected to the connection vertex of the first metal mesh through one of the vias.

17. The touch structure according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: The multiple first metal meshes are arranged in a first direction and a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction intersect. Each of the multiple first metal meshes is hexagonal; the extending directions of the longest sides of each first metal mesh are parallel to each other and are all along the second direction.

18. The touch structure according to claim 17, wherein: The pixel opening area contour of the pixel opening area corresponding to each first metal mesh is hexagonal, and the six sides of each first metal mesh are respectively parallel to the six sides of the corresponding pixel opening area contour. Two adjacent sides of the pixel opening area contours of two adjacent pixel opening areas that are close to each other are parallel to each other, and a first metal line is provided therebetween; the positive projections of the two adjacent sides of the pixel opening area contours of two adjacent pixel opening areas that are close to each other on the substrate are both parallel to the positive projection of the first metal line on the substrate, and have the same distance from the positive projection of the first metal line on the substrate.

19. The touch structure according to claim 18, wherein: The average line width of the first metal line and the distance between two adjacent pixel opening area contours satisfy the following relationship: (PDLGAPmax - PDLGAPmin)*0.5 < X < PDLGAPmax*0.167; where X is the average line width of the first metal line, and PDLGAPmax and PDLGAPmin are respectively the maximum value and the minimum value of the distance between two adjacent pixel opening area contours.

20. A touch display panel, including a substrate and a display structure and a touch structure as described in any one of claims 1-19 stacked on the substrate.

21. The touch display panel according to claim 20, wherein: The display structure includes multiple sub-pixels, and each of the multiple sub-pixels includes a light-emitting element and a pixel opening area exposing the light-emitting element. The positive projections of the multiple first metal lines and the multiple second metal lines on the substrate are both located outside the positive projections of the multiple pixel opening areas of the multiple sub-pixels on the substrate.

22. The touch display panel according to claim 21, wherein: The positive projection of the mesh hole of at least one first metal mesh on the substrate covers the positive projections of the two pixel opening areas of two adjacent sub-pixels on the substrate, and the two adjacent sub-pixels are first sub-pixels configured to emit light of the same first basic color. The center distance between the two pixel opening areas is smaller than the center distance between the two pixel opening areas of two sub-pixels emitting light of the same other basic color.

23. An electronic device comprising the touch structure according to any one of claims 1 to 19 or the touch display panel according to any one of claims 20 to 22.

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