A heat pump air conditioning system with indirect multi-stage waste heat recovery and its control method

Abstract

The present invention discloses an indirect multi-level waste heat recovery heat pump air-conditioning system and a control method thereof, which controls the refrigerant flow rate by a compressor, controls the coolant flow rate by a first water pump, a second water pump and a third water pump, controls the air flow rate by a blower and a fan, controls the heating power of a first heater and a second heater, controls the connection, disconnection or realization of a specified flow state of the fluid by a first one-way valve, a first electronic expansion valve, a second one-way valve, a second electronic expansion valve, a third electronic expansion valve, a three-way valve, a third one-way valve and a fourth one-way valve, thereby meeting various thermal management requirements under all-weather conditions and reducing energy consumption through reasonable waste heat utilization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal management of new energy vehicles, and in particular to a heat pump air-conditioning system with indirect multi-level waste heat recovery and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Driving range is one of the bottlenecks hindering the development of new energy vehicles. In addition to developing high-capacity, high-density batteries, vehicle thermal management technology has also received widespread attention. Heat pumps are highly efficient in low-temperature environments, saving energy and providing a comfortable passenger cabin environment. When starting a battery at low temperatures, heating is necessary to prevent significant capacity degradation caused by low-temperature discharge. During normal driving, the battery must be maintained within a specific temperature range to prevent significant degradation in capacity and service life. Furthermore, heat generated by the electric drive system must not only be dissipated, but also the remaining heat must be utilized to heat the passenger compartment and the battery. However, traditional direct heat pump air conditioners mostly absorb heat from the environment, operating in a single mode, making it difficult to recover waste heat from the battery and electric drive system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a heat pump air-conditioning system with indirect multi-level waste heat recovery and a control method thereof, which can perform multi-level waste heat recovery at low temperatures, fully cool the battery, electric drive and cabin at medium and high temperatures at the same time, and meet various thermal management requirements with low energy consumption under all-weather conditions.

[0004] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0005] A heat pump air conditioning system with indirect multi-stage waste heat recovery, comprising:

[0006] The compressor, the first one-way valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, the second one-way valve and the gas-liquid separator are connected in sequence. The first one-way valve has two ends connected to the water condenser and the first electronic expansion valve. The second one-way valve has two ends connected to the evaporator and the second electronic expansion valve. The second one-way valve also has two ends connected to the third electronic expansion valve and the chiller.

[0007] a first water pump, a first heater, and a heater core connected in sequence, wherein the water condenser is also connected to the first water pump and the heater core respectively;

[0008] A second water pump, a radiator, an electric drive system and a three-way valve connected in sequence;

[0009] The third one-way valve, the third water pump, the second heater, the power battery and the fourth one-way valve are connected in sequence. The third one-way valve is also connected to the radiator, and the fourth one-way valve is also connected to the three-way valve; the chiller is also connected to the third water pump and the fourth one-way valve respectively.

[0010] In the above technical solution, a fan is provided at the radiator.

[0011] In the above technical solution, blowers are provided at the evaporator and the heater core.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the compressor, the first one-way valve, the first electronic expansion valve, the second one-way valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the third electronic expansion valve, the first water pump, the first heater, the second water pump, the three-way valve, the third one-way valve, the third water pump, the second heater, the fourth one-way valve, the blower, and the fan are all communicatively connected to the control module.

[0013] A control method for a heat pump air conditioning system with indirect multi-stage waste heat recovery:

[0014] The control module controls the refrigerant flow through the compressor, controls the coolant flow through the first water pump, the second water pump and the third water pump, controls the air flow through the blower and the fan, controls the heating power of the first heater and the second heater, and controls the connection, disconnection or realization of the specified flow state of the fluid through the first one-way valve, the first electronic expansion valve, the second one-way valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the third electronic expansion valve, the three-way valve, the third one-way valve and the fourth one-way valve to realize the following working modes: the heat pump heats the cabin in low temperature environment, the heat pump heats the cabin and the electric drive waste heat heats the battery in low temperature environment, the electric drive radiator is cooled in medium temperature environment, and the heat pump air conditioner cools the cabin, the electric drive radiator and the battery chiller in high temperature environment.

[0015] Furthermore, the heat pump heating the cabin in the low temperature environment is achieved through the following process:

[0016] Control the first one-way valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the third electronic expansion valve, the third one-way valve, the fourth one-way valve, the three-way valve and the second heater to close, control the first electronic expansion valve and the second one-way valve to open, control the refrigerant flow of the compressor, control the coolant flow of the first water pump, control the air flow of the fan and the blower, and control the heating power of the first heater.

[0017] Furthermore, the heat pump heating the cabin and the electric drive waste heat heating the battery in the low temperature environment are achieved through the following process:

[0018] Control the first one-way valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the third electronic expansion valve, the fourth one-way valve and the first port of the three-way valve to close, control the first electronic expansion valve, the second one-way valve and the third one-way valve to open, control the second port and the third port of the three-way valve to open, control the refrigerant flow of the compressor, control the coolant flow of the first water pump and the third water pump, control the air flow of the fan and the blower, and control the heating power of the first heater and the second heater.

[0019] Furthermore, the cooling of the electric drive radiator in the medium temperature environment is achieved through the following process:

[0020] Control the first electronic expansion valve, the first one-way valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the second one-way valve, the third electronic expansion valve, the second port of the three-way valve, the first heater, the second heater and the fourth one-way valve to be closed, control the first port and the third port of the three-way valve to be opened, control the coolant flow of the second water pump, and control the air flow of the fan.

[0021] Furthermore, the heat pump air conditioning cooling of the cabin, the electric drive radiator cooling and the battery chiller cooling in a high temperature environment are achieved through the following process:

[0022] Control the first electronic expansion valve, the second one-way valve, the first heater, the third one-way valve and the second port of the three-way valve to close, control the first one-way valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the third electronic expansion valve and the fourth one-way valve to open, control the first port and the third port of the three-way valve to open, control the coolant flow of the second water pump and the third water pump, control the heating power of the second heater, and control the air flow of the fan and the blower.

[0023] A vehicle comprises the above-mentioned heat pump air-conditioning system.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] (1) The heat pump air-conditioning system of the present invention includes a compressor, a first one-way valve, a water condenser, a first electronic expansion valve, an outdoor heat exchanger, a second one-way valve, a second electronic expansion valve, an evaporator, a third electronic expansion valve, a chiller, a gas-liquid separator, a first water pump, a first heater, a heater core, a second water pump, a radiator, an electric drive system, a three-way valve, a third one-way valve, a third water pump, a second heater, a power battery and a fourth one-way valve, wherein the compressor, the first one-way valve, the water condenser, the first electronic expansion valve, the outdoor heat exchanger, the second one-way valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the evaporator, the third electronic expansion valve, the chiller and the gas-liquid separator constitute a heat pump refrigerant cycle, the first water pump, the first heater and the heater core constitute a cabin heating cycle, the second water pump, the radiator, the electric drive system, the three-way valve and the third one-way valve constitute an electric drive coolant cycle, and the third water pump, the second heater, the power battery and the fourth one-way valve constitute a battery coolant cycle; the heat pump air-conditioning system of the present application can provide multiple working modes through a simple topological structure, thereby meeting different thermal management requirements.

[0026] (2) The heat pump air-conditioning system of the present invention can realize the following working modes: the heat pump heats the cabin in a low-temperature environment, the heat pump heats the cabin and the electric drive waste heat heats the battery in a low-temperature environment, the electric drive radiator is cooled in a medium-temperature environment, and the heat pump air-conditioning cools the cabin, the electric drive radiator and the battery chiller in a high-temperature environment, covering a variety of thermal management needs under all-weather conditions and reducing energy consumption through reasonable waste heat utilization.

[0027] (3) The working mode of the heat pump heating cabin in the medium and low temperature environment of the present invention utilizes the heat pump refrigerant cycle to provide heating, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the thermal management system; in the low temperature environment, the heat pump heats the cabin and can also achieve the purpose of heating the battery through the waste heat of the electric drive, thereby alleviating the problems of increased internal resistance and serious aging of the battery at low temperatures; in the medium temperature environment, the electric drive radiator is cooled, which can ensure the thermal safety of the electric drive in the medium temperature environment and achieve the effect of reducing the energy consumption of thermal management; in the high temperature environment, the heat pump air conditioner cools the cabin, the electric drive radiator cools and the battery chiller cools, ensuring the comfort of the cabin at high temperatures and the thermal management safety of the electric drive and battery, and solving the problem of insufficient heat dissipation of the battery radiator at high temperatures. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The features and advantages of the present application may be better understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals denote like components, wherein:

[0029] Figure 1 A diagram of a heat pump air conditioning system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the communication connection between the control module and the actuators of the heat pump air conditioning system according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic internal structure diagram of the control module of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a system diagram of the heat pump air conditioning system of the present invention in a heat pump heating cabin mode under a low temperature environment;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a system diagram of the heat pump air conditioning system of the present invention in a low-temperature environment with the heat pump heating the cabin and in an electric drive waste heat heating battery mode;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a system diagram of the heat pump air conditioning system of the present invention in the electric drive radiator cooling mode under a medium temperature environment;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a system diagram of the heat pump air conditioning system of the present invention in a high temperature environment with heat pump air conditioning cooling the cabin, electric drive radiator cooling, and battery chiller cooling modes;

[0036] In the figure: 100-heat pump air conditioning system, 101-compressor, 102-first one-way valve, 103-water condenser, 104-first electronic expansion valve, 105-outdoor heat exchanger, 106-second one-way valve, 107-second electronic expansion valve, 108-evaporator, 109-third electronic expansion valve, 110-chiller, 111-gas-liquid separator, 201-first water pump, 202-first heater, 203-heater core, 301-second water pump, 302-radiator, 303-electric drive system, 304-three-way valve, 401-third one-way valve, 402-third water pump, 403-second heater, 404-power battery, 405-fourth one-way valve, 501-blower, 502-fan, 1011-compressor exhaust port, 1012-compressor intake port, 1021-first one-way valve first end, 1022-first one-way valve second port, 1031-water condenser refrigerant channel outlet, 1032-water condenser refrigerant channel inlet, 1033-water condenser coolant channel outlet, 1034-water condenser coolant channel inlet, 1041-first electronic expansion valve first port, 1042-first electronic expansion valve second port, 1051-outdoor heat exchanger first port, 1052-outdoor heat exchanger second port, 1061-second one-way valve first port, 1062-second one-way valve second port, 1071-second electronic expansion valve first port, 1072-second electronic expansion valve second port, 1073-second electronic expansion valve first port, 1074-second electronic expansion valve second port, 1075-second electronic expansion valve first port, 1076-second electronic expansion valve second port, 1077-second electronic expansion valve first port, 1078-second electronic expansion valve second port, 1079-second electronic expansion valve first port, 1080-second electronic expansion valve second port, 1081-second one-way valve first port, 1082-second one-way valve second port, 1083-second electronic expansion valve first port, 1084-second electronic expansion valve second port, 1085-second electronic expansion valve first port, 1086-second electronic expansion valve second port, 1087-second electronic expansion valve first port, 1088-second electronic expansion valve second port, 1090-second electronic expansion valve first port, 1091-second electronic expansion valve first port, 1092-second electronic expansion valve second port, 1093-second electronic expansion valve 081- evaporator first port, 1082- evaporator second port, 1091- third electronic expansion valve first port, 1092- third electronic expansion valve second port, 1101- chiller refrigerant channel outlet, 1102- chiller refrigerant channel inlet, 1103- chiller coolant channel outlet, 1104- chiller coolant channel inlet, 1111- gas-liquid separator outlet, 1112- gas-liquid separator inlet, 2011- first water pump outlet, 2012- first water pump inlet, 2021- first heater first port, 2022- first heater second port, 2031- heater core first port, 2032- heater core second port, 3011- second water pump outlet, 3012 -First port of the fourth one-way valve, 3021-first port of the radiator, 3022-second port of the radiator, 3031-first port of the electric drive system, 3032-second port of the electric drive system, 3041-first port of the three-way valve, 3042-second port of the three-way valve, 3043-third port of the three-way valve, 4011-first port of the third one-way valve, 4012-second port of the third one-way valve, 4021-water outlet of the third water pump, 4022-water inlet of the third water pump, 4031-first port of the second heater, 4032-second port of the second heater, 4041-first port of the power battery, 4042-second port of the power battery, 4051-first port of the fourth one-way valve, 4052-second port of the fourth one-way valve,8000 - Control Module, 8001 - Bus, 8002 - Input Interface, 8003 - Memory, 8004 - Processor, 8005 - Output Interface, 8101 - Interface A, 8102 - Interface B, 8103 - Interface C, 8104 - Interface D, 8105 - Interface E, 8106 - Interface F, 8107 - Interface G, 8108 - Interface H, 8109 - Interface I, 8110 - Interface J, 8111 - Interface K, 8112 - Interface L, 8113 - Interface M, 8114 - Interface N, 8115 - Interface O, 8116 - Interface P, 8200 - Connection. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the relevant drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. For example, the electronic expansion valve and the one-way valve can be replaced by other reasonable valve types. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive. Various specific embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings that form part of the specification. It should be understood that ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" used in this application are only used for distinction and identification and do not have any other meaning. Unless otherwise specified, they do not indicate a specific order and do not have a specific association. For example, the term "first water pump" itself does not imply the existence of a "second water pump", and the term "second heater" itself does not imply the existence of a "first heater".

[0038] Figure 1 FIG1 is a system diagram of a heat pump air conditioning system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, showing the components and their connection relationships in the heat pump air conditioning system 100. Figure 1As shown, the heat pump air conditioning system 100 includes a compressor 101, a first one-way valve 102, a water condenser 103, a first electronic expansion valve 104, an outdoor heat exchanger 105, a second one-way valve 106, a second electronic expansion valve 107, an evaporator 108, a third electronic expansion valve 109, a chiller 110, a gas-liquid separator 111, a first water pump 201, a first heater 202, a heater core 203, a second water pump 301, a radiator 302, an electric drive system 303, a three-way valve 304, a third one-way valve 401, a third water pump 402, a second heater 403, a power battery 404, a fourth one-way valve 405, a blower 501, a fan 502, and connecting lines between the various components. The selection and function of the various components of the heat pump air conditioning system 100 are described below. Among them, the compressor 101 uses a scroll type or other type of electric compressor, and its function is to evaporate and compress the refrigerant into superheated steam and promote its flow in the refrigerant circulation system. Among them, the water pump type used by the first water pump 201, the second water pump 301 and the third water pump 402 is an electric water pump, which promotes the flow of coolant in the coolant circulation system, and the first water pump 201, the second water pump 301 and the third water pump 402 are all connected to an external water source. Among them, the water condenser 103 and the chiller 110 are water-side heat exchangers, providing heat exchange between the coolant and the refrigerant. Among them, the outdoor heat exchanger 105 and the evaporator 108 are air-side heat exchangers, providing heat exchange between the air and the refrigerant. Among them, the heater core 203 and the radiator 302 are air-side heat exchangers, providing heat exchange between the air and the coolant. The first one-way valve 102, the second one-way valve 106, the third one-way valve 401, and the fourth one-way valve 405 can be solenoid or electric one-way valves to control the opening and closing of the valves. The first electronic expansion valve 104, the second electronic expansion valve 107, and the third electronic expansion valve 109 can be solenoid or electric expansion valves to achieve superheat or subcooling temperature accuracy by controlling the valve opening. The three-way valve 304 can be a solenoid valve or other valve types, and can be replaced as long as it meets the specific connection method. The blower 501 can be a different type of electric blower to provide the required air flow not only for the refrigerant-air heat exchange in the evaporator 108, but also for the coolant-air heat exchange in the heater core 203. The fan 502 can be a different type of fan to provide the required air flow not only for the refrigerant-air heat exchange in the outdoor heat exchanger 105, but also for the coolant-air heat exchange in the radiator 302. The gas-liquid separator 111 separates the liquid refrigerant and the gas refrigerant in the refrigerant cycle. The three-way valve 304 only connects the second port 3042 and the third port 3043 of the three-way valve, and only connects the first port 3041 and the third port 3043 of the three-way valve.The purpose of the first one-way valve 102, the second one-way valve 106, the third one-way valve 401, the fourth one-way valve 405 and the three-way valve 304 is to control the connection and disconnection of adjacent components of their valve ports to achieve the purpose of operating in different modes.

[0039] The connecting pipes between the various components of the heat pump air conditioning system 100 are described as follows. The compressor intake port 1012 is connected to the gas-liquid separator outlet 1111; the pipeline node A is respectively connected to the compressor exhaust port 1011, the refrigerant channel inlet 1032 and the first one-way valve second port 1022; the pipeline node B is respectively connected to the first one-way valve first port 1021, the first electronic expansion valve first port 1041 and the outdoor heat exchanger second port 1052; the refrigerant channel outlet 1031 is connected to the first electronic expansion valve second port 1042; the pipeline node C is respectively connected to the outdoor heat exchanger first port 1051, the pipeline node D and the third electronic expansion valve second port 1092; the chiller refrigerant channel inlet 1102 is connected to the third electronic expansion valve first port 1091; the pipeline node D is respectively connected to the outdoor heat exchanger first port 1051, ... refrigerant channel inlet 1102 is connected to the third electronic expansion valve first port 1091; the pipeline node D is respectively connected to the outdoor heat exchanger first port 1051, the third electronic expansion valve second port 1092; the refrigerant channel inlet 1102 is connected to the third electronic expansion valve first port 1091; the pipeline node D is respectively connected to the outdoor heat exchanger first port 1051, the third electronic expansion valve first port 1091; the pipeline node C is respectively connected to the outdoor heat exchanger first port 1051, the third electronic expansion valve second port 1092; the refrigerant channel inlet 1 The pipeline node C is connected to the second port 1062 of the second one-way valve and the second port 1072 of the second electronic expansion valve; the second port 1082 of the evaporator is connected to the first port 1071 of the second electronic expansion valve; the pipeline node E is connected to the pipeline node F, the first port 1061 of the second one-way valve and the first port 1081 of the evaporator respectively; the pipeline node F is connected to the refrigerant channel outlet 1101 of the chiller, the pipeline node E and the gas-liquid separator inlet 1112 respectively; the first water pump outlet 2011 is connected to the second port 2022 of the first heater; the second port 2032 of the heater core is connected to the first port 2021 of the first heater; the coolant channel inlet 1034 of the water condenser is connected to the first port 2031 of the heater core; the first The water pump inlet 2012 is connected to the coolant channel outlet 1033 of the water condenser; the second water pump outlet 3011 is connected to the second port 3022 of the radiator; the pipeline node G is respectively connected to the first port 3021 of the radiator, the second port 3032 of the electric drive system and the second port 4012 of the third one-way valve; the pipeline node H is respectively connected to the first port 4011 of the third one-way valve, the third water pump inlet 4022 and the coolant channel outlet 1103 of the chiller; the second port 4032 of the second heater is connected to the third water pump outlet 4021; the second port 4042 of the power battery is connected to the first port 4031 of the second heater; the pipeline node I is respectively connected to the first port 4041 of the power battery, the second port 304 of the three-way valve 2 is connected to the second port 4052 of the fourth one-way valve; the chiller coolant channel inlet 1104 is connected to the first port 4051 of the fourth one-way valve; the first port 3041 of the three-way valve is connected to the second water pump inlet 3012; the first port 3031 of the electric drive system is connected to the third port 3043 of the three-way valve; the fan 502 provides the required air flow for the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air in the outdoor heat exchanger 105; the fan 502 provides the required air flow for the heat exchange between the coolant and the air in the radiator 302; the blower 501 provides the required air flow for the heat exchange between the refrigerant and the air in the evaporator 108; the blower 501 provides the required air flow for the heat exchange between the coolant and the air in the heater core 203.The heat pump air conditioning system of the present application provides multiple operating modes through a simple topological structure, thereby meeting different thermal management requirements.

[0040] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the communication connection between the control module and each actuator of the heat pump air conditioning system. Figure 2 As shown, the control module 8000 determines the working status of each actuator of the heat pump air conditioning system 100. Interface A8101, interface B8102, interface C8103, interface D8104, interface E8105, interface F8106, interface G8107, interface H8108, interface I8109, interface J8110, interface K8111, interface L8112, interface M8113, interface N8114, interface O8115 and interface P8116 of the output interface 8005 of the control module 8000 are respectively communicated with the compressor 101, the first one-way valve 102, the first electronic expansion valve 104, the second one-way valve 106, the second electronic expansion valve 107, the third electronic expansion valve 109, the first water pump 201, the first heater 202, the second water pump 301, the three-way valve 304, the third one-way valve 401, the third water pump 402, the second heater 403, the fourth one-way valve 405, the blower 501 and the fan 502. The control module 8000 controls the refrigerant flow rate through the compressor 101. The control module 8000 controls the coolant flow rate through the first water pump 201, the second water pump 301, and the third water pump 402. The control module 8000 controls the heating power of the first heater 202 and the second heater 403. The control module 8000 controls the connection, disconnection, or realization of a specified flow state of the fluid through the first one-way valve 102, the first electronic expansion valve 104, the second one-way valve 106, the second electronic expansion valve 107, the third electronic expansion valve 109, the three-way valve 304, the third one-way valve 401, and the fourth one-way valve 405. The control module 8000 controls the air flow rate through the blower 501 and the fan 502.

[0041] Figure 3 The schematic internal structure diagram of the control module. Figure 3 As shown, the control module 8000 includes a bus 8001, an input interface 8002, a memory 8003, a processor 8004, and an output interface 8005. Specifically, the memory 8003 is used to store programs, instructions, and data, while the processor 8004 reads programs, instructions, and data from the memory 8003 and can write data to the memory 8003. By executing the programs and instructions read from the memory 8003, the processor 8004 implements signal exchange through the input interface 8002 and the output interface 8004. Figure 3As shown, the control module 8000 receives operation requests and other operating parameters from the heat pump air conditioning system 100 via input interface 8002 via connection 8200. Processor 8004 controls the operation of the heat pump air conditioning system 100 through programs and instructions in executor 8003. Specifically, the control device 8000 receives operation requests or signals for controlling other components of the heat pump air conditioning system 100 via input interface 8002, and issues control signals to each controlled component via output interface 8005, thereby enabling the heat pump air conditioning system 100 to operate in a specified operating mode and switch between different modes.

[0042] Figure 4-7 The figure shows the fluid flow state of the heat pump air conditioning system 100 in different working modes, wherein the hollow arrows represent the flow direction and flow path of the refrigerant, the bold solid arrows represent the flow direction and flow path of the coolant, and the other solid lines represent no fluid flow. Figure 4-7 The various operating modes are shown.

[0043] Figure 4 System diagram of the heat pump air conditioning system 100 in heat pump heating cabin mode in a low temperature environment. In a low temperature environment, the heat pump air conditioning system 100 can transfer heat to the cabin through the heat pump heating mode after receiving a cabin heating instruction (or the control module 8000 automatically generates a cabin heating instruction). Specifically, the first one-way valve 102, the second electronic expansion valve 107, the third electronic expansion valve 109, the third one-way valve 401, the fourth one-way valve 405, the three-way valve 304 and the second heater 403 are controlled to be closed, the first electronic expansion valve 104 and the second one-way valve 106 are controlled to be open, the refrigerant flow of the compressor 101 is controlled, the coolant flow of the first water pump 201 is controlled, the air flow of the fan 502 and the blower 501 is controlled, and the heating power of the first heater 202 is controlled. As Figure 4As shown, high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the compressor exhaust port 1011 flows through pipeline node A into the water condenser refrigerant channel inlet 1032. Under the condensation effect of the water condenser 103, the refrigerant changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state. The high-pressure liquid refrigerant flows out of the water condenser refrigerant channel outlet 1031, and is reduced in pressure and accumulated by the first electronic expansion valve 104, forming a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid mist mixture. It then flows through pipeline node B to the second port 1052 of the outdoor heat exchanger. At this point, the outdoor heat exchanger 105 acts as an evaporator, absorbing a large amount of heat from the ambient air, causing the refrigerant to change to a gaseous state. It then flows out of the first port 1051 of the outdoor heat exchanger, passes through pipeline node C, pipeline node D, the second one-way valve 106, pipeline node E, and pipeline node F, and flows into the gas-liquid separator inlet 1112. The liquid refrigerant and gaseous refrigerant are separated by the gas-liquid separator 111. The compressor inlet 1012 draws in gaseous refrigerant from the gas-liquid separator outlet 1111, beginning the next refrigerant cycle. Meanwhile, low-temperature coolant absorbs heat from the refrigerant as it flows through the coolant channels of the water condenser 103, generating high-temperature coolant. This high-temperature coolant is then pumped out of the first water pump outlet 2011 and flows into the first heater second port 2022. The first heater 202 can release heat to the coolant as needed, thereby improving cabin heating power and system efficiency. The coolant then flows from the first heater first port 2021 to the heater core second port 2032. As it passes through the heater core 203, the high-temperature coolant releases heat to the air blown by the blower 501, heating the cabin. It then returns to low-temperature coolant at the heater core first port 2031 and flows through the coolant channels of the water condenser 103 into the first water pump inlet 2012, completing the cabin heating coolant cycle.

[0044] Figure 5 System diagram of the heat pump air conditioning system 100 in a low temperature environment with heat pump heating the cabin and electric drive waste heat heating the battery mode. When the heat pump air conditioning system 100 recognizes that the heat pump efficiency is low and the outlet coolant temperature of the electric drive system 302 is high, the electric drive waste heat can be directly used to heat the battery. Specifically, the first one-way valve 102, the second electronic expansion valve 107, the third electronic expansion valve 109, the fourth one-way valve 405 and the first port of the three-way valve 304 are controlled to be closed, the first electronic expansion valve 104, the second one-way valve 106, the third one-way valve 401 are controlled to be open, the second port and the third port of the three-way valve 304 are controlled to be open, the refrigerant flow of the compressor 101 is controlled, the coolant flow of the first water pump 201 and the third water pump 402 are controlled, the air flow of the fan 502 and the blower 501 are controlled, and the heating power of the first heater 202 and the second heater 403 is controlled. Since the refrigerant cycle and the cabin heating cycle are Figure 4The operating modes shown are identical and will not be further described here. In this mode, the coolant temperature at the second port 3032 of the electric drive system is relatively high. The high-temperature coolant flows sequentially through pipe node G, the third one-way valve 401, and pipe node H into the third water pump inlet 4022. The high-temperature coolant then flows out of the third water pump outlet 4021 and flows through the second heater 403 into the second port 4042 of the power battery. The high-temperature coolant heats the power battery 404 and forms low-temperature coolant at the first port 4041 of the power battery. The low-temperature coolant then flows through pipe node I, the second port 3042 of the three-way valve, and the third port 3043 of the three-way valve into the first port 3031 of the electric drive system, forming a coolant cycle that heats the battery with waste heat from the electric drive.

[0045] Figure 6 This is a system diagram of the heat pump air conditioning system 100 in the electric drive radiator cooling mode in a medium temperature environment. In a medium temperature environment, when there is no need for heating or cooling the cabin, the electric drive needs to be cooled. Generally, this ambient temperature is suitable and the heat generated by the electric drive is not large. The electric drive can use the radiator to dissipate heat, thereby reducing the load on the compressor and reducing the energy consumption of the compressor. Specifically, the first electronic expansion valve 104, the first one-way valve 102, the second electronic expansion valve 107, the second one-way valve 106, the third electronic expansion valve 109, the second port of the three-way valve 304, the first heater 202, the second heater 403, and the fourth one-way valve 405 are controlled to be closed, and the first and third ports of the three-way valve 304 are controlled to be open, the coolant flow of the second water pump 301 is controlled, and the air flow of the fan 502 is controlled. In this mode, the high-temperature coolant pumped out by the second water pump outlet 3011 flows into the second port 3022 of the radiator. Under the fan control of the fan 502, the high-temperature coolant in the second port 3022 of the radiator exchanges heat with the air and is cooled, forming low-temperature coolant at the first port 3021 of the radiator, and then flows into the second port 3032 of the electric drive system through the pipeline node G for cooling. Then, the coolant flows out from the first port 3031 of the electric drive system and passes through the third port 3043 of the three-way valve and the first port 3041 of the three-way valve, and then flows into the second port 3012 of the second water pump, forming an electric drive radiator cooling cycle under a medium temperature environment.

[0046] Figure 7This is a system diagram of the heat pump air conditioning system 100 in high-temperature environments, cooling the cabin, the electric drive radiator, and the battery chiller. When the air temperature is high, the high-temperature battery coolant cannot exchange heat with the ambient air through the radiator, so it must be cooled by the chiller. When the heat pump air conditioning system 100 receives a cabin air conditioning cooling command (or the control module 8000 automatically generates a cabin cooling command), the refrigerant circulates to cool the cabin. Specifically, the first electronic expansion valve 104, the second one-way valve 106, the first heater 202, the third one-way valve 401, and the second port of the three-way valve 304 are closed. The first one-way valve 102, the second electronic expansion valve 107, the third electronic expansion valve 109, and the fourth one-way valve 405 are opened. The first and third ports of the three-way valve 304 are opened. The coolant flow of the second water pump 301 and the third water pump 402 is controlled, the heating power of the second heater 403 is controlled, and the air flow of the fan 502 and the blower 501 are controlled. The high-temperature, high-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the compressor exhaust port 1011 passes through pipeline node A, the first one-way valve 102, and pipeline node B before flowing into the second port 1052 of the outdoor heat exchanger. At this point, the outdoor heat exchanger 105 acts as a condenser, condensing the refrigerant from gas to liquid and dissipating heat to the surrounding air. The refrigerant flows out of the first port 1051 of the outdoor heat exchanger and passes through pipeline nodes C and D before flowing into the second port 1072 of the partially opened second electronic expansion valve. Due to the reduced pressure and increased accumulation of the refrigerant, the refrigerant forms a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid mist, which flows out of the first port 1071 of the second electronic expansion valve to the second port 1082 of the evaporator. At this point, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the air blown by the blower 501 and cools the air, reducing its humidity. The refrigerant flows out of the first port 1081 of the evaporator and passes through pipeline nodes E and F before flowing into the second port 1112 of the gas-liquid separator. At the same time, when the refrigerant flows through the pipeline node C, one path will flow into the second port 1092 of the third electronic expansion valve. Under the effect of its decompression and accumulation, the refrigerant forms a low-temperature, low-pressure liquid mist mixture and flows out from the first port 1091 of the third electronic expansion valve to the refrigerant channel inlet 1102 of the chiller. At this time, the refrigerant and the coolant pumped out by the third water pump 402 exchange heat in the chiller 110, forming a low-temperature and low-pressure state. Then, the refrigerant flows out from the refrigerant channel outlet 1101 of the chiller through the pipeline node F and flows into the second port 1112 of the gas-liquid separator. The gas-liquid separator 111 will separate the liquid refrigerant and the gaseous refrigerant. The compressor air inlet 1012 inhales the gaseous refrigerant from the first port 1111 of the gas-liquid separator to start the next refrigerant cycle. The electric drive radiator cooling and Figure 6The difference is that the high-temperature coolant pumped out of the third water pump outlet 4021 flows through the second heater 403, the power battery 404, the pipeline node I, and the fourth one-way valve 405 before flowing into the chiller coolant channel inlet 1104. The high-temperature coolant exchanges heat with the refrigerant and forms a low-temperature coolant at the chiller coolant channel outlet 1103. The low-temperature coolant then flows through the pipeline node H into the third water pump inlet 4022, forming a battery chiller cooling cycle.

[0047] In the above-mentioned working modes, the refrigerant flow of the compressor 101 is achieved by controlling its rotational speed, the coolant flow of the first water pump 201, the second water pump 301 and the third water pump 402 is achieved by controlling their rotational speeds, the air flow of the fan 502 and the blower 501 is achieved by controlling their rotational speeds, and the heating power of the first heater 202 and the second heater 403 is achieved by controlling their currents, and the control of the rotational speed and current are determined according to the thermal management requirements, which is the existing technology.

[0048] The embodiments described are preferred implementations of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above implementations. Any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications that can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the essence of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat pump air conditioning system with indirect multi-stage waste heat recovery, characterized in that: include: A compressor (101), a first one-way valve (102), an outdoor heat exchanger (105), a second one-way valve (106), and a gas-liquid separator (111) are sequentially connected, wherein the first one-way valve (102) is connected at both ends to a water condenser (103) and a first electronic expansion valve (104), the second one-way valve (106) is connected at both ends to an evaporator (108) and a second electronic expansion valve (107), and the second one-way valve (106) is also connected at both ends to a third electronic expansion valve (109) and a chiller (110); A first water pump (201), a first heater (202), and a heater core (203) are sequentially connected, and the water condenser (103) is also respectively connected to the first water pump (201) and the heater core (203); A second water pump (301), a radiator (302), an electric drive system (303) and a three-way valve (304) connected in sequence; The third one-way valve (401), the third water pump (402), the second heater (403), the power battery (404) and the fourth one-way valve (405) are connected in sequence, the third one-way valve (401) is also connected to the radiator (302), and the fourth one-way valve (405) is also connected to the three-way valve (304); the chiller (110) is also connected to the third water pump (402) and the fourth one-way valve (405), respectively.

2. The heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiator (302) is provided with a fan (502).

3. The heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 2, characterized in that: A blower (501) is provided at the evaporator (108) and the heater core (203).

4. The heat pump air conditioning system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The compressor (101), the first one-way valve (102), the first electronic expansion valve (104), the second one-way valve (106), the second electronic expansion valve (107), the third electronic expansion valve (109), the first water pump (201), the first heater (202), the second water pump (301), the three-way valve (304), the third one-way valve (401), the third water pump (402), the second heater (403), the fourth one-way valve (405), the blower (501), and the fan (502) are all communicatively connected to the control module (8000).

5. A control method for a heat pump air conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The control module (8000) controls the refrigerant flow rate through the compressor (101), controls the coolant flow rate through the first water pump (201), the second water pump (301) and the third water pump (402), controls the air flow rate through the blower (501) and the fan (502), controls the heating power of the first heater (202) and the second heater (403), controls the connection, disconnection or realization of a specified flow state of the fluid through the first one-way valve (102), the first electronic expansion valve (104), the second one-way valve (106), the second electronic expansion valve (107), the third electronic expansion valve (109), the three-way valve (304), the third one-way valve (401) and the fourth one-way valve (405), and realizes the following working modes: in a low temperature environment, the heat pump heats the cabin, in a low temperature environment, the heat pump heats the cabin and the electric drive waste heat heats the battery, in a medium temperature environment, the electric drive radiator is cooled, and in a high temperature environment, the heat pump air conditioner cools the cabin, the electric drive radiator is cooled and the battery chiller is cooled; The heat pump air conditioning cooling of the cabin, the electric drive radiator cooling and the battery chiller cooling in a high temperature environment are achieved through the following process: The first electronic expansion valve (104), the second one-way valve (106), the first heater (202), the third one-way valve (401) and the second port of the three-way valve (304) are controlled to be closed; the first one-way valve (102), the second electronic expansion valve (107), the third electronic expansion valve (109) and the fourth one-way valve (405) are controlled to be opened; the first port and the third port of the three-way valve (304) are controlled to be opened; the coolant flow of the second water pump (301) and the third water pump (402) are controlled; the heating power of the second heater (403) is controlled; and the air flow of the fan (502) and the blower (501) are controlled.

6. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The heat pump heating the cabin in the low temperature environment is achieved through the following process: The first one-way valve (102), the second electronic expansion valve (107), the third electronic expansion valve (109), the third one-way valve (401), the fourth one-way valve (405), the three-way valve (304) and the second heater (403) are controlled to be closed, the first electronic expansion valve (104) and the second one-way valve (106) are controlled to be opened, the refrigerant flow of the compressor (101) is controlled, the coolant flow of the first water pump (201) is controlled, the air flow of the fan (502) and the blower (501) is controlled, and the heating power of the first heater (202) is controlled.

7. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the low-temperature environment, the heat pump heats the cabin and the electric drive waste heat heats the battery through the following process: The first one-way valve (102), the second electronic expansion valve (107), the third electronic expansion valve (109), the fourth one-way valve (405) and the first port of the three-way valve (304) are controlled to be closed; the first electronic expansion valve (104), the second one-way valve (106) and the third one-way valve (401) are controlled to be opened; the second port and the third port of the three-way valve (304) are controlled to be opened; the refrigerant flow of the compressor (101) is controlled; the coolant flow of the first water pump (201) and the third water pump (402) are controlled; the air flow of the fan (502) and the blower (501) are controlled; and the heating power of the first heater (202) and the second heater (403) is controlled.

8. The control method according to claim 5, characterized in that: Cooling of the electric drive radiator under the medium temperature environment is achieved through the following process: The first electronic expansion valve (104), the first one-way valve (102), the second electronic expansion valve (107), the second one-way valve (106), the third electronic expansion valve (109), the second port of the three-way valve (304), the first heater (202), the second heater (403) and the fourth one-way valve (405) are controlled to be closed, the first port and the third port of the three-way valve (304) are controlled to be open, the coolant flow of the second water pump (301) is controlled, and the air flow of the fan (502) is controlled.

9. A vehicle, characterized in that: A heat pump air-conditioning system comprising the heat pump air-conditioning system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

Images