An air-burst type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to an air explosion type intelligent variable fertilizing and soil loosening machine for tea gardens, which comprises a traveling mechanism, a fertilizing and soil loosening mechanism, an air explosion mechanism, a solid fertilizer supply mechanism and a water-fertilizer supply mechanism. The fertilizing and soil loosening mechanism comprises a transmission assembly, a detection assembly and a fertilizing and soil loosening assembly. A first fertilizer conveying pipeline is fixedly connected between the solid fertilizer supply mechanism and the fertilizing and soil loosening assembly, and a second fertilizer conveying pipeline is fixedly connected between the water-fertilizer supply mechanism and the fertilizing and soil loosening assembly. Electromagnetic valves are arranged on both the first fertilizer conveying pipeline and the second fertilizer conveying pipeline. The traveling mechanism, the air explosion mechanism, the solid fertilizer supply mechanism, the water-fertilizer supply mechanism, the fertilizing and soil loosening mechanism and the electromagnetic valves are all electrically connected to the same controller. The purpose is to solve the problems of high labor intensity and low efficiency of manual fertilization operations in existing tea gardens, as well as the damage to the soil layer structure and the roots of tea trees caused by mechanical ditch opening and hole digging fertilization operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to an air-burst type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens. Background Art

[0002] Tea trees are perennial evergreen woody plants, and their roots require a soil environment with deep soil layers, good permeability, and sufficient water and fertilizer. At present, the fertilization work in tea gardens is mainly completed by manual operation, with a large workload, high labor intensity, and great fertilization difficulty. In recent years, due to the long-term neglect of tea garden soil management by tea farmers and the increasingly prominent problem of soil compaction and hardening caused by improper fertilization, the soil permeability is relatively poor, the fertilization utilization rate is low, which is not conducive to the extension and growth of tea tree roots. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the soil through effective deep loosening and reasonable fertilization measures. The domestic tea garden planting models are not unified, mainly in hilly and mountainous areas, with low standardization, and foreign fertilization machinery is not suitable for the domestic planting situation. The existing domestic ditch-fertilizing machines have relatively shallow ditch depths and relatively concentrated fertilization ranges, which are not conducive to the full utilization of fertilizers; conventional mechanical deep loosening machines require large supporting power and high energy consumption. The above domestic models will inevitably damage the soil layer structure and tea tree roots due to turning the soil. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the invention is to provide an air-burst type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens, which is used to solve the problems of large labor intensity and low efficiency in the existing manual fertilization operation in tea gardens, and the problems of damage to the soil layer structure and tea tree roots caused by turning the soil during mechanical ditch opening and hole digging fertilization operations pointed out in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

[0005] An air-burst type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens includes a traveling mechanism, a fertilization and soil loosening mechanism, an air-burst mechanism, a solid fertilizer supply mechanism, and a water and fertilizer supply mechanism. The fertilization and soil loosening mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the traveling mechanism. The fertilization and soil loosening mechanism includes a transmission component, and a detection component and a fertilization and soil loosening component are arranged at the same end of the transmission component. The solid fertilizer supply mechanism, the water and fertilizer supply mechanism, and the air-burst mechanism are sequentially arranged on the traveling mechanism. A first fertilizer pipeline is fixedly connected between the solid fertilizer supply mechanism and the fertilization and soil loosening component, and a second fertilizer pipeline is fixedly connected between the water and fertilizer supply mechanism and the fertilization and soil loosening component. Solenoid valves are arranged on both the first fertilizer pipeline and the second fertilizer pipeline. The traveling mechanism, the air-burst mechanism, the solid fertilizer supply mechanism, the water and fertilizer supply mechanism, the transmission component, the detection component, the fertilization and soil loosening component, and the solenoid valves are all electrically connected to the same controller.

[0006] Further, the transmission assembly includes a fertilizing and soil loosening machine housing and a stepping motor. The stepping motor is fixedly installed on the top of the fertilizing and soil loosening machine housing. A lead screw is rotatably installed in the fertilizing and soil loosening machine housing. The lead screw is connected to the output shaft of the stepping motor. A slider is slidably connected to the lead screw. Slide rail columns are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lead screw. The slide rail columns are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fertilizing and soil loosening machine housing. Both sides of the slider are slidably sleeved on the slide rail columns. With this setting, when the device works, the output shaft of the stepping motor drives the lead screw to rotate, and the slider moves up and down along the slide rail columns as the lead screw rotates.

[0007] Further, the detection assembly includes a soil salinity meter and a radar rangefinder. The soil salinity meter is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the slider. A soil salinity meter probe is fixedly connected to the bottom of the soil salinity meter. A probe sleeve is fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the fertilizing and soil loosening machine housing. The radar rangefinder is fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the fertilizing and soil loosening machine housing. With this setting, the soil salinity meter is used to detect the salt content in the soil, and the radar rangefinder is used to detect the penetration depth of the fertilizing rod into the soil.

[0008] Further, the fertilizing and soil loosening assembly includes a fertilizing rod and a fertilizing hole. A fertilizer inlet is provided on the side of the top of the fertilizing rod, and a fertilizer transmission channel is arranged inside. The fertilizing hole is opened on the side of the bottom of the fertilizing rod. The cross-section of the fertilizing hole is in a smooth funnel shape. A rod sleeve is fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the fertilizing and soil loosening machine housing. With this setting, it is used to transport fertilizers underground, and the shape of the fertilizing hole speeds up the discharge speed of the fertilizers, facilitating the dispersion of the fertilizers in the soil and being beneficial to the absorption of the fertilizers by the tea trees.

[0009] Further, the end of the soil salinity meter probe is higher than the fertilizing hole. With this setting, when the soil salinity meter probe and the fertilizing rod enter the soil together, it can avoid damaging the soil salinity meter probe during fertilization.

[0010] Further, the air explosion mechanism includes an air blaster and a gas storage tank. An air transmission pipeline is fixedly connected between the air blaster and the gas storage tank. An air explosion pipeline is fixedly connected between the air blaster and the first pipeline. With this setting, it is used to transport gas.

[0011] Further, the solid fertilizer supply mechanism includes a solid fertilizer bin and a conveyor. The conveyor is fixedly connected to one side of the solid fertilizer bin close to the air explosion mechanism. With this setting, it is used to transport the solid fertilizer in the solid fertilizer bin through the conveyor.

[0012] Further, the water and fertilizer supply mechanism includes a water and fertilizer bin and a water and fertilizer temporary storage bin. A third fertilizer transmission pipeline is fixedly connected between the water and fertilizer bin and the water and fertilizer temporary storage bin. With this setting, it is used to transport the water and fertilizer from the water and fertilizer bin to the water and fertilizer temporary storage bin.

[0013] Furthermore, pressure pumps are fixedly installed on each of the third fertilizer pipelines, and the pressure pumps are arranged on one side of the water-fertilizer bin close to the water-fertilizer temporary storage bin. Such a setting enables the pressure pumps to provide a driving force for the third fertilizer pipeline and the second fertilizer pipeline, allowing the water-fertilizer to flow smoothly in the third fertilizer pipeline and the second fertilizer pipeline.

[0014] Furthermore, the traveling mechanism includes rollers and a mounting plate. The rollers are rotatably connected to the bottom of the mounting plate. Hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to corresponding positions on both sides of the mounting plate, and vertical connection brackets are fixedly connected to the hydraulic cylinders. The vertical connection brackets are fixedly connected to the corresponding fertilizing and soil-loosening mechanisms. With such a setting, when the device is working, the hydraulic cylinders drive the fertilizing and soil-loosening mechanisms to move up and down through the vertical connection brackets, enabling the bottom of the fertilizing and soil-loosening mechanisms to closely adhere to the ground, thereby greatly increasing the stability of the components on the fertilizing and soil-loosening mechanisms inserted into the soil.

[0015] The invention adopting the above technical solution has the following advantages:

[0016] 1. Through the mutual cooperation of the rollers, mounting plate, hydraulic cylinders, and vertical connection brackets, on the one hand, the fertilizing and soil-loosening mechanism can achieve the effect of mobile fertilizing and soil loosening, and on the other hand, the bottom of the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing can be closely adhered to the ground to greatly increase the stability of the fertilizing rods and the soil salinity measuring instrument needles inserted into the soil;

[0017] 2. Through the mutual cooperation of the stepper motor, lead screw, slider, and slider guide pillar, the fertilizing and soil-loosening assembly can penetrate deep into the ground for fertilizing and soil loosening;

[0018] 3. Through the mutual cooperation of the soil salinity measuring instrument, soil salinity measuring instrument needle, fertilizing rod, and radar rangefinder, detect the salt content in the soil, determine the amount of fertilizer to be transported, and use the radar rangefinder to detect the penetration depth of the fertilizing rod into the soil;

[0019] 4. Through the mutual cooperation of the air storage tank, air blaster, air transmission pipeline, and air blasting pipeline, on the one hand, discharge the fertilizer along the first fertilizer pipeline into the fertilizer transmission channel, and then discharge it from the fertilizer transmission channel into the soil to complete the application of granular fertilizer; on the other hand, the air blaster can play a role in soil loosening;

[0020] 5. Through the mutual cooperation of the solid fertilizer bin, conveyor, first fertilizer pipeline, air blasting pipeline, water-fertilizer bin, water-fertilizer temporary storage bin, third fertilizer pipeline, second fertilizer pipeline, and pressure pump, transport the solid fertilizer and water-fertilizer to the fertilizer transmission channel for the subsequent fertilizing work of the fertilizing and soil-loosening assembly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention can be further illustrated by the non-limiting embodiments given in the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the fertilization system of an air explosion type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 Front view of an air explosion type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 Top view of an air explosion type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 Front view of the fertilization and soil loosening mechanism in an air explosion type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 Right view of the fertilization and soil loosening mechanism in an air explosion type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the cross-section of the fertilization insertion rod in an air explosion type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fertilization hole in an air explosion type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to the present invention.

[0029] Descriptions of the main component symbols are as follows:

[0030] Roller 1, mounting plate 2, hydraulic cylinder 3, vertical connection bracket 4, fertilization and soil loosening mechanism 5, fertilization and soil loosening machine housing 50, stepping motor 51, lead screw 52, slider 53, slider guide rail column 54, fertilization insertion rod 55, fertilizer inlet 551, fertilizer transmission channel 552, fertilization hole 553, soil salinity detector 56, soil salinity detector needle 561, insertion rod sleeve 57, needle sleeve 58, radar rangefinder 59;

[0031] Gas storage tank 6, air blaster 7, gas transmission pipeline 8, first solenoid valve 9, solid fertilizer bin 10, conveyor 11, first fertilizer transmission pipeline 12, second solenoid valve 13, third solenoid valve 14, air explosion pipeline 15, fourth solenoid valve 16, water and fertilizer bin 17, water and fertilizer temporary storage bin 18, third fertilizer transmission pipeline 19, second fertilizer transmission pipeline 20, pressure pump 21, fifth solenoid valve 22, sixth solenoid valve 23. Detailed implementation manners

[0032] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that in the description of the drawings or the specification, similar or identical parts are denoted by the same reference numerals. The implementation manners not shown or described in the drawings are in the forms known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In addition, the directional terms mentioned in the embodiments, such as "up", "down", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., are only for reference to the directions in the drawings and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0033] As Figures 1-7 shown, an air-burst type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to the present invention includes a traveling mechanism, a fertilization and soil loosening mechanism 5, an air-burst mechanism, a solid fertilizer supply mechanism, and a water-fertilizer supply mechanism. The solid fertilizer supply mechanism and the water-fertilizer supply mechanism respectively realize the real-time variable application of fertilizers in two different physical forms of water-fertilizer and solid fertilizer; the fertilization and soil loosening mechanism 5 can realize variable precision fertilization and soil loosening operations in tea gardens according to the soil salt content rate.

[0034] As Figures 2-3 shown, the traveling mechanism includes rollers 1 and a mounting plate 2. A plurality of rollers 1 are provided. In this embodiment, there are 4 rollers 1. The rollers 1 are all rotatably connected to the bottom of the mounting plate 2. When the device works, the mounting plate 2 moves along with the rollers 1. A plurality of fertilization and soil loosening mechanisms 5 are provided. In this embodiment, there are 4 fertilization and soil loosening mechanisms 5. The fertilization and soil loosening mechanisms 5 are symmetrically arranged in pairs on both sides of the mounting plate 2. Hydraulic cylinders 3 are fixedly connected to the corresponding positions on both sides of the mounting plate 2. A plurality of hydraulic cylinders 3 are provided. In this embodiment, there are 4 hydraulic cylinders 3. Vertical connection brackets 4 are fixedly connected to the hydraulic cylinders 3. The vertical connection brackets 4 are all fixedly connected to the corresponding fertilization and soil loosening mechanisms 5. When the device works, the hydraulic cylinders 3 drive the fertilization and soil loosening mechanisms 5 to move up and down through the vertical connection brackets 4, so that the bottom of the fertilization and soil loosening mechanisms 5 can be closely attached to the ground, thereby greatly increasing the stability of the components on the fertilization and soil loosening mechanisms 5 inserted into the soil; when the device works, the mounting plate 2 drives the fertilization and soil loosening mechanisms 5 to move due to the movement of the rollers 1, achieving the effect of mobile fertilization.

[0035] As Figures 4-5As shown, the fertilizing and soil-loosening mechanism 5 includes a transmission assembly. The transmission assembly includes a fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing 50 and a stepping motor 51. The stepping motor 51 is fixedly installed on the top of the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing 50. A lead screw 52 is rotatably installed in the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing 50. The lead screw 52 is connected to the output shaft of the stepping motor 51. In this embodiment, the lead screw 52 is connected to the output shaft of the stepping motor 51 through a coupling. A slider 53 is slidably connected to the lead screw 52. Slide rail columns 54 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lead screw 52. Both ends of the slide rail columns 54 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing 50. Both sides of the slider 53 are slidably sleeved on the slide rail columns 54. When the device works, the output shaft of the stepping motor 51 drives the lead screw 52 to rotate, and the slider 53 moves up and down along the slide rail columns 54 as the lead screw 52 rotates.

[0036] One end of the transmission assembly is provided with a detection component and a fertilizing and soil-loosening component. The detection component includes a soil salinity meter 56 and a radar rangefinder 59. The soil salinity meter 56 is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the slider 53. The fertilizing and soil-loosening component includes a fertilizing insertion rod 55 and a fertilizing hole 553. The fertilizing insertion rod 55 is fixedly connected to the center of the bottom of the slider 53. When the device works, the lead screw 52 operates stably, and the transmitted force is sufficient for the fertilizing insertion rod 55 and the soil salinity meter probe 561 to enter the soil. Then, according to the detection data of the soil salinity meter 56, an appropriate amount of fertilizer is applied to this position to achieve the effect of variable-rate fertilization. A soil salinity meter probe 561 is fixedly connected to the soil salinity meter 56. Both the fertilizing insertion rod 55 and the soil salinity meter probe 561 move up and down with the slider 53.

[0037] As Figures 5-7 shown, a fertilizer inlet 551 is opened on the side surface of the top of the fertilizing insertion rod 55, and a fertilizer transmission channel 552 is arranged inside. The fertilizing hole 553 is opened on the side surface of the bottom of the fertilizing insertion rod 55. The bottom is all in a solid conical structure, which is beneficial to the discharge of fertilizer and avoids the accumulation of fertilizer at the bottom causing blockage. As Figure 6As shown in the figure, the fertilizing holes 553 are evenly distributed in a spiral pattern from top to bottom on the inserting rod. There are four shapes to choose from. Option ① is a cylindrical hole. This option is suitable for discharging liquid fertilizers, but is not conducive to discharging solid fertilizers and is prone to blockage at the outlet. Option ② is a frustum-shaped hole. This option is conducive to the discharge of both solid and liquid fertilizers. Option ③ is formed by connecting a cylindrical hole and a frustum-shaped hole. There is no curved surface transition at the connection of this option, and the resistance suffered during the fertilizer discharge process is relatively large. Option ④ is formed by connecting a cylindrical hole and a curved hole. The connection between the curved hole and the cylindrical hole has a smooth transition, and the connection with the fertilizer transmission channel 552 inside the fertilizing inserting rod 55 also has a smooth transition. It can effectively prevent soil particles from entering the inside of the fertilizer transmission channel 552 from the fertilizing holes 553 when the fertilizing inserting rod 55 enters the soil. The curved hole reduces the resistance of the discharged fertilizer. The shape of the hole from large to small speeds up the speed of fertilizer discharge when discharging, facilitates the dispersion of fertilizer in the soil, and is conducive to the absorption of fertilizer by tea trees. In this embodiment, the preferred option for the fertilizing holes 553 is Option ④. The fertilizing holes 553 are formed by connecting a cylindrical hole and a curved hole, and its cross-section is in the shape of a smooth funnel. The end of the soil salinity measuring instrument inserting needle 561 is higher than the position of the fertilizing holes 553 on the fertilizing inserting rod 55. When the soil salinity measuring instrument inserting needle 561 and the fertilizing inserting rod 55 enter the soil together, it can avoid damaging the soil salinity measuring instrument inserting needle 561 during fertilization.

[0038] As Figures 4-5 shown, on the bottom inner wall of the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing 50, an inserting rod sleeve 57 and an inserting needle sleeve 58 are fixedly installed. The inserting rod sleeve 57 and the inserting needle sleeve 58 are respectively arranged directly below the fertilizing inserting rod 55 and the soil salinity measuring instrument inserting needle 561. The inserting rod sleeve 57 and the inserting needle sleeve 58 have the function of stably guiding the inserting rod and the inserting needle into the soil, and at the same time removing the soil adhering to them when the inserting rod and the inserting needle move upward and leave the soil. The radar rangefinder 59 is fixedly installed on the bottom inner wall of the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing 50. The radar rangefinder 59 can detect the insertion depth of the fertilizing inserting rod 55 in real time. Cooperating with the stepping motor 51, it can realize the real-time control of the soil-loosening and fertilizing depth, and can also set the insertion depth manually according to the environment. When the insertion depth of the fertilizing inserting rod 55 reaches the set value, the stepping motor 51 stops rotating.

[0039] As Figures 1-3 shown, the air explosion mechanism includes an air storage tank 6 and an air blaster 7. The air storage tank 6 is fixedly installed at the left end of the mounting plate 2. The air blaster 7 is arranged on the right side of the air storage tank 6. The air blaster 7 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate 2. A gas transmission pipeline 8 is fixedly connected between the air storage tank 6 and the air blaster 7. A first electromagnetic valve 9 is fixedly installed on the gas transmission pipeline 8. When the device works, first automatically detect the gas content in the air blaster 7. If it does not reach the set value, the first electromagnetic valve 9 is opened, and the air storage tank 6 transports inert gas to the air blaster 7. After reaching the set value, the first electromagnetic valve 9 is closed.

[0040] AsFigures 1-5 As shown, the solid fertilizer mechanism includes a solid fertilizer bin 10 and a conveyor 11. The solid fertilizer bin 10 is fixedly installed at the right end of the mounting plate 2, and the conveyor 11 is fixedly connected to the left side of the solid fertilizer bin 10. The solid fertilizer bin 10 is used to store solid fertilizer. When the device works, the solid fertilizer in the solid fertilizer bin 10 is sent out through the conveyor 11. A first fertilizer conveying pipeline 12 is fixedly connected between the conveyor 11 and the fertilizer inlet 551 of each fertilizer application rod 55. The first fertilizer conveying pipelines 12 are provided in multiple numbers. In this embodiment, there are 4 first fertilizer conveying pipelines 12, which respectively convey solid fertilizer to the fertilizer inlets 551 of each fertilizer application rod 55. Solenoid valves are provided at both ends of the first fertilizer conveying pipeline 12. In this embodiment, second solenoid valves 13 are fixedly installed at the upper ends of the first fertilizer conveying pipelines 12, and third solenoid valves 14 are fixedly installed at the lower ends of the first fertilizer conveying pipelines 12. When applying solid granular fertilizer, the second solenoid valves 13 and the third solenoid valves 14 are opened. According to the data of each soil salinity detector 56, the conveyor 11 conveys a specified amount of fertilizer into the first fertilizer conveying pipelines 12 respectively. After the conveying is completed, the second solenoid valves 13 are closed.

[0041] An air explosion pipeline 15 is fixedly connected between the first fertilizer conveying pipeline 12 between the second solenoid valve 13 and the third solenoid valve 14 and the air blaster 7. The air explosion pipelines 15 are provided in multiple numbers. In this embodiment, there are 4 air explosion pipelines 15, which are used to convey gas to the first fertilizer conveying pipeline 12; fourth solenoid valves 16 are fixedly installed on the air explosion pipelines 15. After the second solenoid valve 13 is closed, the fourth solenoid valve 16 is opened, and the air blaster 7 starts the air explosion work, discharging the fertilizer along the first fertilizer conveying pipeline 12 through the fertilizer inlet 551 into the fertilizer transmission channel 552, and then discharging it into the soil through the fertilizer application hole 553 from the fertilizer transmission channel 552, completing the application work of granular fertilizer; at the same time, the air blaster 7 can not only achieve the effect of air explosion for applying solid granular fertilizer, but also play a role in loosening the soil.

[0042] As Figures 1-3As shown in the figure, the water and fertilizer supply mechanism includes a water and fertilizer bin 17 and a water and fertilizer temporary storage bin 18. The water and fertilizer bin 17 is fixedly installed at the right end of the mounting plate 2. The water and fertilizer bin 17 and the solid fertilizer bin are arranged side by side on one side of the mounting plate 2. The water and fertilizer temporary storage bin 18 is arranged between the conveyor 11 and the air explosion device 7. The water and fertilizer temporary storage bin 18 is provided in multiple numbers. In this embodiment, there are 4 water and fertilizer temporary storage bins 18, and each water and fertilizer temporary storage bin 18 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 2. The water and fertilizer bin 17 is used to store water and fertilizer, and the water and fertilizer temporary storage bin 18 is used to temporarily store water and fertilizer, and is discharged after the water and fertilizer volume reaches a certain value. A third fertilizer conveying pipeline 19 is fixedly connected between the water and fertilizer bin 17 and the water and fertilizer temporary storage bin 18. The third fertilizer conveying pipeline 19 is provided in multiple numbers. In this embodiment, there are 4 third fertilizer conveying pipelines 19. A pressure pump 21 is fixedly installed on each of the third fertilizer conveying pipelines 19. The pressure pump 21 is arranged on the left side of the water and fertilizer bin 17, and the pressure pump 21 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate 2, so that the pressure pump 21 provides a power for the third fertilizer conveying pipeline 19, enabling the water and fertilizer to flow smoothly in the third fertilizer conveying pipeline 19.

[0043] As Figures 1-5 shown, a fifth solenoid valve 22 is fixedly installed at the lower end of each of the third fertilizer conveying pipelines 19. The water and fertilizer temporary storage bin 18 is fixedly connected to a second fertilizer conveying pipeline 20. The second fertilizer conveying pipeline 20 is provided in multiple numbers. In this embodiment, there are 4 second fertilizer conveying pipelines 20. A sixth solenoid valve 23 is fixedly connected to the upper end of each of the second fertilizer conveying pipelines 20. When performing the water and fertilizer application work, both the fifth solenoid valve 22 and the sixth solenoid valve 23 are opened. The water and fertilizer in the water and fertilizer bin 17 enter the water and fertilizer temporary storage bin 18 through the third fertilizer conveying pipeline 19 due to gravity. According to the data of the soil salinity detector 56 at each position, after the water and fertilizer volume in each water and fertilizer temporary storage bin 18 reaches a certain value, the corresponding fifth solenoid valve 22 is immediately closed, and the pressure pump 21 starts to operate, squeezing the water and fertilizer in the four water and fertilizer temporary storage bins 18 along the second fertilizer conveying pipeline 20 into the fertilizing insertion rod 55 through the fertilizer inlet 551, and then discharging it into the soil through the fertilizer transmission channel 552 and the fertilizer outlet 553, completing the water and fertilizer application work.

[0044] The second solenoid valve 13, the third solenoid valve 14, the fourth solenoid valve 16, the fifth solenoid valve 22, the sixth solenoid valve 23, the conveyor 11, the pressure pump 21, the soil salinity detector 56 and the radar rangefinder 59 are all electrically connected to the same control system. The control system can accurately control the fertilizer transmission volume and enable the fertilizer to be transported in the correct pipeline path.

[0045] The above has introduced in detail a pneumatic explosion type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens provided by the present invention. The description of the specific embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art of this technology, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can still be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An air-burst type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens, comprising a traveling mechanism, a fertilization and soil loosening mechanism, an air-burst mechanism, a solid fertilizer supply mechanism, and a water-fertilizer supply mechanism; characterized in that: The fertilizing and soil-loosening mechanism is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the traveling mechanism. The fertilizing and soil-loosening mechanism includes a transmission component, and the transmission component includes a fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing. A detection component and a fertilizing and soil-loosening component are arranged at the same end of the transmission component. The solid fertilizer supply mechanism, the water-fertilizer supply mechanism, and the air explosion mechanism are all sequentially arranged on the traveling mechanism. A first fertilizer conveying pipeline is fixedly connected between the solid fertilizer supply mechanism and the fertilizing and soil-loosening component, and a second fertilizer conveying pipeline is fixedly connected between the water-fertilizer supply mechanism and the fertilizing and soil-loosening component. Solenoid valves are arranged on both the first fertilizer conveying pipeline and the second fertilizer conveying pipeline. The traveling mechanism, the air explosion mechanism, the solid fertilizer supply mechanism, the water-fertilizer supply mechanism, the transmission component, the detection component, the fertilizing and soil-loosening component, and the solenoid valve are all electrically connected to the same controller. The detection component includes a soil salinity detector and a radar rangefinder. The soil salinity detector is fixedly installed on one side of the bottom of the slider, and a soil salinity detector pin is fixedly connected to the bottom of the soil salinity detector. A pin sleeve is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the bottom of the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing. The radar rangefinder is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the bottom of the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing. The fertilizing and soil-loosening component includes a fertilizing insertion rod and a fertilizing hole. A fertilizer inlet is formed on the side surface of the top of the fertilizing insertion rod, and a fertilizer transmission channel is arranged inside. The fertilizing hole is formed on the side surface of the bottom of the fertilizing insertion rod, and the cross section of the fertilizing hole is in a smooth funnel shape. A rod sleeve is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the bottom of the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing. The end of the soil salinity detector pin is higher than the fertilizing hole.

2. The air-burst type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to claim 1, wherein: The transmission component includes a stepping motor. The stepping motor is fixedly installed on the top of the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing. A lead screw is rotatably installed in the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing. The lead screw is connected to the output shaft of the stepping motor. A slider is slidably connected to the lead screw. Slide rail columns for the slider are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the lead screw. The slide rail columns are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fertilizing and soil-loosening machine housing. Both sides of the slider are slidably sleeved on the slide rail columns.

3. The intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens by air explosion according to claim 1, wherein: The air explosion mechanism includes an air blaster and an air storage tank. An air transmission pipeline is fixedly connected between the air blaster and the air storage tank. An air explosion pipeline is fixedly connected between the air blaster and the first fertilizer conveying pipeline.

4. The air-burst type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to claim 1, wherein: The solid fertilizer supply mechanism includes a solid fertilizer bin and a conveyor. The conveyor is fixedly connected to one side of the solid fertilizer bin close to the air explosion mechanism.

5. The air-burst type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-fertilizer supply mechanism includes a water-fertilizer bin and a water-fertilizer temporary storage bin. A third fertilizer conveying pipeline is fixedly connected between the water-fertilizer bin and the water-fertilizer temporary storage bin.

6. The air-burst type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to claim 5, characterized in that: A pressure pump is fixedly installed on the third fertilizer conveying pipeline. The pressure pump is arranged on one side of the water-fertilizer bin close to the water-fertilizer temporary storage bin.

7. An air-burst type intelligent variable fertilization and soil loosening machine for tea gardens according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traveling mechanism includes rollers and a mounting plate. The rollers are rotatably connected to the bottom of the mounting plate. Hydraulic cylinders are fixedly connected to corresponding positions on both sides of the mounting plate. Vertical connecting brackets are fixedly connected to the hydraulic cylinders. The vertical connecting brackets are fixedly connected to the corresponding fertilizing and soil-loosening mechanisms.

Images