Air inlet and outlet system and control method for a power generation module

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to an air inlet and outlet system and a control method for a power generation module. The air inlet and outlet system of the present invention includes: an air inlet pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, and a gas distribution chamber. Among them, the gas distribution chamber is used to arrange at least two fuel cell stacks. The gas distribution chamber is connected to the air inlet pipeline to obtain electrochemically reactive air at a set temperature. The air inlet surfaces of at least two fuel cell stacks are all connected to the gas distribution chamber so that the electrochemically reactive air enters their interiors and burns together with the fuel. The air outlet surfaces of at least two fuel cell stacks are all connected to the exhaust pipeline to discharge the reacted gas. The air inlet and outlet system of the present invention eliminates the complex air inlet pipeline and air outlet pipeline, has a simple structure, can uniformly perform thermal management on multiple fuel cell stacks, is beneficial to ensuring that the temperatures of the individual fuel cell stacks in the fuel cell stacks are within the set temperature range in each working stage, reduces the temperature gradient, and is beneficial to improving the service life of the fuel cell.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to an air inlet and outlet system and a control method for a power generation module. Background Art

[0002] A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a fully solid-state chemical power generation device that efficiently and environmentally friendly converts the chemical energy stored in fuels and oxidants into electrical energy at medium to high temperatures (around 500°C to 1000°C). The solid oxide fuel cell can directly use hydrocarbon fuels for gas supply and has good fuel compatibility.

[0003] The solid oxide fuel cell can be divided into parts such as electrodes, electrolytes, interconnects, and sealing materials according to its composition structure. A planar SOFC fuel cell stack is formed by connecting single cells (fuel cell monomers) in series in the vertical height direction. In the design, it is necessary to consider that fuel gas and air can be evenly transmitted to the surfaces of the porous anode and the porous cathode respectively, and maintain good contact and sealing. The heat generated during the operation of the fuel cell mainly includes: the polarization heat of the ohmic resistance, the latent heat of vaporization released by the condensation of the water vapor generated by the reaction, the chemical reaction heat, and the entropy change of the electrochemical reaction. Approximately 95% of the waste heat needs to be regulated and controlled by the cooling system or the waste heat recovery system in the thermal management system.

[0004] Based on the application of large-scale stationary power stations, solid oxide fuel cell stacks are connected in series to form an SOFC power generation module with a power of kW - MW level. When the power generation module is working, the ratio of air to fuel is generally greater than 10. The utilization rate of oxygen in the air is about 3% or even smaller. That is to say, only a small part of the oxygen in a large amount of air serves as a reactant, and most of the oxygen and nitrogen become heat exchange working media.

[0005] Experiments have proved that there is an optimal working temperature in the actual operation process of the SOFC power generation system. Too high or too low temperature and too large internal temperature difference will directly lead to the deterioration of battery performance. The reason for the uneven temperature distribution is the unevenness of the heat dissipation and heat generation of the battery in space, time, and quantity.

[0006] The SOFC power generation module works in a high-temperature, closed, and complex environment, and it is extremely difficult to measure the state of the battery cells inside it. Moreover, the temperature distribution of the fuel cell not only affects the properties such as the power and efficiency of the battery, but also affects the service life of the fuel cell and the requirements for materials. The higher the temperature, the higher the requirement for the heat resistance of the battery materials. And the greater the temperature gradient, the higher the requirement for the mechanical properties of the materials. Even if the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients is not considered, the temperature difference in local areas of the materials will cause thermal stress, and the magnitude of the thermal stress is proportional to the temperature gradient. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present invention provides an air inlet and outlet system and a control method for a power generation module, which are used to solve at least one of the above technical problems.

[0008] One aspect of the present invention provides an air inlet and outlet system for a power generation module, including: an intake pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, and a gas distribution chamber.

[0009] Wherein, the gas distribution chamber is used to arrange at least two fuel cell stacks. The gas distribution chamber is connected to the intake pipeline to obtain electrochemically reactive air at a set temperature. The intake surfaces of at least two fuel cell stacks are all connected to the gas distribution chamber so that the electrochemically reactive air enters the inside thereof and burns together with fuel. The outlet surfaces of at least two fuel cell stacks are all connected to the exhaust pipeline to discharge the reacted gas.

[0010] In one embodiment, it further includes a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is respectively connected to the exhaust pipeline and the intake pipeline. The reacted gas in the exhaust pipeline and the electrochemically reactive air in the intake pipeline perform heat exchange in the heat exchanger to preheat the electrochemically reactive air.

[0011] In one embodiment, it further includes: a controller and a temperature sensor.

[0012] Wherein, the temperature sensor is arranged at a position in the gas distribution chamber close to the intake surfaces of at least two fuel cell stacks. The controller is connected to the temperature sensor. The controller adjusts the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake pipeline according to the temperature data fed back by the temperature sensor; and / or

[0013] The controller adjusts the flow rate or velocity of the reacted gas in the exhaust pipeline according to the temperature data fed back by the temperature sensor.

[0014] In one embodiment, it further includes: a pressure sensor.

[0015] Wherein, the pressure sensor is arranged at a position in the gas distribution chamber close to the intake surfaces of at least two fuel cell stacks.

[0016] The controller is connected to the pressure sensor. The controller adjusts the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake pipeline according to the pressure data fed back by the pressure sensor; and / or

[0017] The controller adjusts the flow rate or velocity of the reacted gas in the exhaust pipeline according to the pressure data fed back by the pressure sensor.

[0018] In one embodiment, a first regulating valve is arranged on the intake pipeline.

[0019] The controller is connected to the first regulating valve to adjust the opening degree of the first regulating valve.

[0020] In one embodiment, an intake branch for introducing nitrogen is further included.

[0021] A second regulating valve is provided on the intake branch. The outlet end of the intake branch is connected to the intake end of the first regulating valve. The controller is connected to the second regulating valve to adjust the opening degree of the second regulating valve.

[0022] In one embodiment, a blower is provided on the exhaust pipeline.

[0023] The controller is connected to the blower to adjust the rotational speed of the blower.

[0024] In one embodiment, a gas distribution plate is provided at the bottom of each fuel cell stack. One end of the gas distribution plate is provided with an intake groove communicating with the intake surface of the fuel cell stack, and the other end thereof is provided with an outlet communicating with the outlet surface of the fuel cell stack. The intake groove communicates with the gas distribution chamber, and the outlet communicates with the exhaust pipeline.

[0025] In one embodiment, an exhaust passage adjacent to the gas distribution chamber is further included. One end of the gas distribution plate provided with the outlet passes through the inner wall of the gas distribution chamber and extends into the exhaust passage.

[0026] Another aspect of the present invention further provides a method for controlling the intake and exhaust of a power generation module, which uses the above intake and exhaust system to control the intake and exhaust of the power generation module, including the following steps:

[0027] S1: Arrange at least two fuel cell stacks in the gas distribution chamber of the gas distribution chamber, and make the outlet surface of each fuel cell stack communicate with the exhaust passage of the gas distribution chamber;

[0028] S2: Introduce electrochemically reactive air at a set temperature into the gas distribution chamber through the intake pipeline;

[0029] S3: Obtain the temperature data in the gas distribution chamber, and adjust the flow rate or flow velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake passage according to the temperature data in the gas distribution chamber.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: The air inlet and outlet system of the present invention eliminates the complex intake pipe and exhaust pipe, with a simple structure. Multiple fuel cell stacks in the power generation module are arranged in the air distribution chamber. A closed air flow channel is formed around the fuel cell stack. Electrochemical reaction air at a set temperature enters each fuel cell stack through the air distribution chamber, and after burning with fuel inside the fuel cell stack, it is discharged through the exhaust channel. By setting up the air distribution chamber, the contact area between the electrochemical reaction air and the fuel cell stack is increased, making the temperature of the electrochemical reaction air entering each fuel cell stack more uniform. It is possible to uniformly perform thermal management on multiple fuel cell stacks, which is beneficial to ensuring that the temperature of each fuel cell stack in the fuel cell stack is within the set temperature range in each working stage, reducing the temperature gradient, thereby solving the technical problem of the too high thermodynamic performance requirements of the fuel cell stack for materials, and being beneficial to improving the service life of the fuel cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] In the following, the present invention will be described in more detail based on embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic layout structure diagram of a power generation module with a 16-stack structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic structure diagram of an air distribution chamber in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic layout structure diagram of a power generation module with a 4-stack structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a schematic structure diagram of an air distribution chamber in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic layout structure diagram of a power generation module with a 2-stack structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic structure diagram of an air distribution chamber in another embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 It is a schematic structure diagram of a fuel cell stack and its air distribution plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 It is a schematic structure diagram of an air distribution plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 It is a PID control diagram of the present invention; the dotted line in the figure represents the signal line.

[0041] Reference numerals:

[0042] 1 - Gas distribution chamber; 2 - Inlet pipeline; 3 - Exhaust pipeline; 4 - Exhaust passage; 5 - Fuel cell stack;

[0043] 6 - Inlet branch; 7 - Heat exchanger; 8 - Controller; 9 - Temperature sensor; 10 - Pressure sensor;

[0044] 11 - First regulating valve; 12 - Second regulating valve; 13 - Fan; 14 - Gas distribution plate; 15 - Inlet groove;

[0045] 16 - Outlet; 17 - Gas distribution inlet. Detailed implementation manners

[0046] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0047] As shown in FIGS. 1 - 9, the present invention provides an air inlet and outlet system for a power generation module, including: an inlet pipeline 2, an exhaust pipeline 3, and a gas distribution chamber 1. Among them, the gas distribution chamber 1 is used to arrange at least two fuel cell stacks 5. The gas distribution chamber 1 is connected to the inlet pipeline 2 to obtain electrochemically reactive air at a set temperature. The inlet surfaces of at least two fuel cell stacks 5 are all connected to the gas distribution chamber 1 so that the electrochemically reactive air enters their interiors and burns together with the fuel. The outlet surfaces of at least two fuel cell stacks 5 are all connected to the exhaust pipeline 3 to discharge the reacted gas.

[0048] The air inlet and outlet system of the present invention eliminates the complex inlet pipeline 2 and outlet pipeline, has a simple structure. Multiple fuel cell stacks 5 in the power generation module are arranged in the gas distribution chamber 1 in the gas distribution chamber 1, and a closed air flow channel is formed around the fuel cell stack 5. The electrochemically reactive air at a set temperature enters each fuel cell stack 5 through the gas distribution chamber 1, and after the electrochemically reactive air and the fuel burn together inside the fuel cell stack 5, it is discharged through the exhaust passage 4. By setting the gas distribution chamber 1, the contact area between the electrochemically reactive air and the fuel cell stack 5 is increased, making the temperature of the electrochemically reactive air entering each fuel cell stack 5 more uniform. It is possible to uniformly perform thermal management on multiple fuel cell stacks 5, which is beneficial to ensuring that the temperature of each fuel cell stack 5 in the fuel cell stack 5 is within the set temperature range at each working stage, reducing the temperature gradient, thereby solving the technical problem that the fuel cell stack 5 has too high requirements for the thermodynamic performance of its materials, and is beneficial to improving the service life of the fuel cell.

[0049] It should be noted that the fuel cell stack 5 is composed of multiple fuel cell monomers, and the power generation module is composed of multiple fuel cell stacks 5 stacked in series.

[0050] In one embodiment, it further includes a heat exchanger 7, which is respectively connected to the exhaust gas pipeline 3 and the intake air pipeline 2. The reacted gas in the exhaust gas pipeline 3 and the electrochemically reactive air in the intake air pipeline 2 perform heat exchange in the heat exchanger 7 to preheat the electrochemically reactive air.

[0051] In this embodiment, the temperature of the reacted gas in the discharge pipeline is relatively high and can be used to preheat the combustion-supporting gas in the intake air pipeline 2, which is beneficial to improving the utilization rate of thermal energy.

[0052] Among them, by adjusting the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake air pipeline 2 and / or the flow rate and velocity of the reacted gas in the exhaust gas pipeline 3, the heat exchange effect between the two can be controlled, that is, the temperature of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake air pipeline 2 can be controlled.

[0053] In one embodiment, it further includes: a controller 8 and a temperature sensor 9. Among them, the temperature sensor 9 is arranged at a position in the air distribution chamber 1 close to the intake surface of at least two fuel cell stacks 5, and the controller 8 adjusts the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake air pipeline 2 according to the temperature data fed back by the temperature sensor 9; and / or the controller 8 adjusts the flow rate or velocity of the reacted gas in the exhaust gas pipeline 3 according to the temperature data fed back by the temperature sensor 9.

[0054] In this embodiment, through the controller 8 and the temperature sensor 9 arranged in the air distribution chamber 1, the management of the temperature distribution around the fuel cell stack 5 can be provided, and the overall temperature distribution of the fuel cell stack 5 can be controlled to meet the design target of the operating temperature of the fuel cell stack, so that the power generation module operates at the optimal working temperature. Among them, the heat energy flowing in and out of the air distribution chamber 1 is mainly controlled by the feedback coupling between the temperature sensor 9 and the heat exchanger. By adjusting the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air introduced, the temperature in the air distribution chamber 1 can be controlled, so that the heat dissipation and heat generation of the fuel cell stack 5 become uniform in space, time, and quantity, with good temperature tracking and control accuracy, thereby realizing the thermal management at the fuel cell stack 5 level and the battery unit level.

[0055] Specifically, a first regulating valve 11 is provided on the intake air pipeline 2, and the controller 8 is connected to the first regulating valve 11 to adjust the opening degree of the first regulating valve 11, thereby realizing the adjustment of the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake air pipeline 2 and the gas supply volume.

[0056] Preferably, it further includes an intake air branch 6 for introducing nitrogen. A second regulating valve 12 is arranged on the intake air branch 6. The outlet end of the intake air branch 6 is connected to the intake end of the first regulating valve 11, and the controller 8 is connected to the second regulating valve 12 to adjust the opening degree of the second regulating valve 12.

[0057] Among them, the electrochemically reactive air in the intake air pipeline 2 and the nitrogen in the intake air branch 6 are mixed and then enter the air distribution chamber 1 together. By adjusting the opening degree of the second regulating valve 12, the flow rate or velocity of the introduced nitrogen can be controlled, and further, the ratio of oxygen and nitrogen in the gas introduced into the air distribution chamber 1 can be controlled to optimize the performance of the fuel cell.

[0058] In one embodiment, it further includes: a pressure sensor 10. Among them, the pressure sensor 10 is arranged at a position in the air distribution chamber 1 close to the intake surfaces of at least two fuel cell stacks 5. The controller 8 is connected to the pressure sensor 10, and the controller 8 controls the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake air pipeline 2 according to the pressure data fed back by the pressure sensor 10; and / or the controller 8 can also control the flow rate or velocity of the reacted gas in the exhaust pipeline 3 according to the pressure data fed back by the pressure sensor 10.

[0059] During the actual operation of the power generation module, too small or too large pressure in the air distribution chamber 1 will affect the intake effect of the fuel cell stack 5.

[0060] In this embodiment, a pressure sensor 10 is arranged in the air distribution chamber 1 to detect the pressure in the air distribution chamber 1. When the pressure in the air distribution chamber 1 is too small or too large, the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake air pipeline 2 can be appropriately adjusted, or the flow rate or velocity of the reacted gas in the exhaust pipeline 3 can be appropriately adjusted, so that the pressure in the air distribution chamber 1 meets the intake pressure requirements of the fuel cell stack 5.

[0061] Specifically, a fan 13 is arranged on the exhaust pipeline 3, and the controller 8 is connected to the fan 13 to adjust the rotation speed of the fan 13, thereby controlling the flow rate or velocity of the reacted gas in the exhaust pipeline 3.

[0062] In addition, in this embodiment, the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake air pipeline 2 is controlled by the opening degree of the first valve.

[0063] In one embodiment, as Figure 7 shown, a gas distribution plate 14 is arranged at the bottom of each fuel cell stack 5. One end of the gas distribution plate 14 is provided with an intake groove 15 communicated with the intake surface of the fuel cell stack 5, and the other end thereof is provided with an air outlet communicated with the outlet surface of the fuel cell stack 5. The intake groove 15 is communicated with the air distribution chamber 1, and the air outlet is communicated with the exhaust pipeline 3.

[0064] Among them, the fuel cell stack 5 intakes air through the intake groove 15 on the gas distribution plate 14, which increases the contact area with the electrochemically reactive air and makes the temperature of the electrochemically reactive air entering each fuel cell stack 5 more uniform.

[0065] Preferably, the air inlet and outlet system further includes an exhaust passage 4 disposed adjacent to the air distribution chamber 1, and one end of the air distribution plate 14 provided with the air outlet extends through the inner wall of the air distribution chamber 1 into the exhaust passage 4.

[0066] Wherein, one end of the exhaust pipe is closed, and the other end is communicated with the exhaust pipe.

[0067] Compared with the prior art, the exhaust branch pipes of each fuel cell stack 5 are cancelled, and all the fuel cell stacks 5 discharge the reacted gas through the exhaust passage 4 adjacent to the air distribution chamber 1, with a simple and compact structure.

[0068] Further preferably, as Figure 8 shown, the air distribution plate 14 has a square structure.

[0069] The air inlet and outlet system of the present invention has a simple structure and good sealing performance, and is applicable to systems of various air-open SOFC fuel cell stacks 5. In the air distribution chamber 1, multiple fuel cell stacks 5 are closely arranged up and down and can be connected in series through the lugs on their sides. For example, Figure 1-2 the 16-stack tower structure shown in Figure 3-4 the 4-stack tower structure shown in Figure 5-6 and the 2-stack tower structure shown in

[0070] It should be noted that an air inlet 16 can be provided on the bottom or top or side wall of the air distribution chamber 1 for communicating with the intake pipe 2. As Figure 3 and Figure 5 shown, the air distribution inlet 16 is provided at the bottom of the air distribution chamber and on one side of the fuel cell stack. In addition, as Figure 1 shown, in the 16-stack tower structure, the fuel cell stacks 5 are divided into four groups and are respectively arranged on the four sides of the exhaust passage 4, and accordingly, four air distribution inlets 16 are provided at the bottom of the air distribution chamber 1, and each air distribution inlet 16 corresponds to a group of fuel cell stacks 5 respectively, so that each group of fuel cell stacks 5 can intake air evenly.

[0071] In addition, by connecting the power generation module to an electronic load, the optimal operating temperature corresponding to the power generation system at different output currents can be determined through testing, so as to maintain the operating temperature of the power generation system near the optimal temperature, avoid too high or too low temperature, and achieve the optimal performance output of the power generation system.

[0072] In summary, in the present invention, each component is integrated into an effective thermal management system. By integrating multiple fuel cell stacks 5 through the air distribution chamber 1, it is possible to control according to different operating conditions of the fuel cell and optimize the heat exchange process between the system components, thereby achieving better temperature tracking and control accuracy.

[0073] The present invention also provides a method for controlling the inlet and outlet air of a fuel cell stack 5. The inlet and outlet air of the fuel cell stack 5 is controlled by using the above-mentioned inlet and outlet air system, including the following steps:

[0074] S1: At least two fuel cell stacks 5 are arranged in the air distribution chamber 1, and the air outlet surface of each fuel cell stack 5 is communicated with the exhaust passage 4 of the air distribution chamber 1;

[0075] S2: Electrochemical reaction air at a set temperature is introduced into the air distribution chamber 1 through the inlet pipeline 2;

[0076] S3: The temperature data in the air distribution chamber 1 is acquired, and the flow rate or flow velocity of the electrochemical reaction air in the intake passage is adjusted according to the temperature data in the air distribution chamber 1.

[0077] The inlet and outlet air system of the present invention cancels the complex inlet pipeline 2 and outlet pipeline, has a simple structure. Multiple fuel cell stacks 5 in the power generation module are arranged in the air distribution chamber 1 in the air distribution chamber 1. A closed air flow channel is formed around the fuel cell stack 5. Electrochemical reaction air at a set temperature enters each fuel cell stack 5 through the air distribution chamber 1. After the electrochemical reaction air and the fuel burn together inside the fuel cell stack 5, they are discharged through the exhaust passage 4. By arranging the air distribution chamber 1, the contact area between the electrochemical reaction air and the fuel cell stack 5 is increased, and the temperature of the electrochemical reaction air entering each fuel cell stack 5 is made more uniform. The unified thermal management of multiple fuel cell stacks 5 can be realized, which is beneficial to ensuring that the temperature of each fuel cell stack 5 in the fuel cell stack 5 is within the set temperature range in each working stage, reducing the temperature gradient, thereby solving the technical problem that the fuel cell stack 5 has too high requirements for the thermodynamic performance of its materials, and is beneficial to improving the service life of the fuel cell.

[0078] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations.

[0079] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

[0080] Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, various modifications can be made thereto and components thereof can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the technical features mentioned in each embodiment can be combined in any manner. The present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An air inlet and outlet system for a power generation module, characterized in that, Comprising: An intake pipeline, an exhaust pipeline, and a gas distribution chamber, wherein the gas distribution chamber is used to arrange at least two fuel cell stacks. The gas distribution chamber is connected to the intake pipeline to obtain electrochemically reactive air at a set temperature. The intake surfaces of at least two of the fuel cell stacks are all connected to the gas distribution chamber so that the electrochemically reactive air enters therein and undergoes an electrochemical reaction with fuel. The exhaust surfaces of at least two of the fuel cell stacks are all connected to the exhaust pipeline to discharge the reacted gas; It further includes a heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is respectively connected to the exhaust pipeline and the intake pipeline. The reacted gas in the exhaust pipeline and the electrochemically reactive air in the intake pipeline perform heat exchange in the heat exchanger to preheat the electrochemically reactive air; It further includes: a controller and a temperature sensor. Wherein, the temperature sensor is arranged at a position in the gas distribution chamber close to the intake surfaces of at least two of the fuel cell stacks. The controller is connected to the temperature sensor. The controller adjusts the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake pipeline according to the temperature data fed back by the temperature sensor; and / or the controller adjusts the flow rate or velocity of the reacted gas in the exhaust pipeline according to the temperature data fed back by the temperature sensor; It further includes: a pressure sensor. Wherein, the pressure sensor is arranged at a position in the gas distribution chamber close to the intake surfaces of at least two of the fuel cell stacks. The controller is connected to the pressure sensor. The controller adjusts the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake pipeline according to the pressure data fed back by the pressure sensor; and / or the controller adjusts the flow rate or velocity of the reacted gas in the exhaust pipeline according to the pressure data fed back by the pressure sensor; A first regulating valve is arranged on the intake pipeline. The controller is connected to the first regulating valve to adjust the opening degree of the first regulating valve; It further includes an intake branch for introducing nitrogen. A second regulating valve is arranged on the intake branch. The outlet end of the intake branch is connected to the inlet end of the first regulating valve. The controller is connected to the second regulating valve to adjust the opening degree of the second regulating valve.

2. The air inlet and outlet system according to claim 1, characterized in that, A blower is arranged on the exhaust pipeline, and the controller is connected to the blower to adjust the rotational speed of the blower.

3. The air inlet and outlet system according to claim 1, characterized in that A gas distribution plate is arranged at the bottom of each of the fuel cell stacks. One end of the gas distribution plate is provided with an intake groove communicated with the intake surface of the fuel cell stack, and the other end thereof is provided with an outlet communicated with the exhaust surface of the fuel cell stack. The intake groove is communicated with the gas distribution chamber, and the outlet is communicated with the exhaust pipeline.

4. The air inlet and outlet system according to claim 3, characterized in that, It further includes an exhaust passage arranged adjacent to the gas distribution chamber. One end of the gas distribution plate provided with the outlet penetrates through the inner wall of the gas distribution chamber and extends into the exhaust passage.

5. A method for controlling the inlet and outlet air of a power generation module, which controls the inlet and outlet air of the power generation module by using the inlet and outlet air system described in any one of the above claims 1-4, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1: Arrange at least two fuel cell stacks in the gas distribution chamber, and make the exhaust surfaces of each of the fuel cell stacks be communicated with the exhaust passage of the gas distribution chamber; S2: Pass electrochemically reactive air at a set temperature into the gas distribution chamber through the intake pipeline; S3: Obtain the temperature data in the air distribution chamber, and adjust the flow rate or velocity of the electrochemically reactive air in the intake passage according to the temperature data in the air distribution chamber.

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