An ultra-low energy consumption wood structure exterior wall, its construction method and building

Abstract

This invention provides an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall, its construction method, and a building, comprising: an inner wall located on the inner side of the wall; an outer wall located on the outer side of the wall; a structural wooden column, serving as a load-bearing component, located between the inner and outer walls, with one side connected to the inner wall; a wooden I-beam, serving as an enclosure structure, located between the inner and outer walls and attached to the other side of the structural wooden column; and plywood, disposed on both sides of the wooden I-beam and on the inner side of the outer wall, forming multiple sealed cavities that prevent indoor and outdoor air infiltration, exchange, and heat transfer. This invention integrates thermal insulation and interior / exterior decoration, forming multiple sealed and stable spaces within the wall through multiple layers of airtight membranes, effectively preventing indoor and outdoor air infiltration, exchange, and heat transfer. Simultaneously, the wall itself uses thermal insulation materials with a very low heat transfer coefficient, greatly reducing the impact of heat transfer and maintaining the indoor ambient temperature unaffected by external hot or cold environments, thereby significantly improving the thermal insulation performance of the building's exterior walls.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering, specifically to an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall, its construction method, and the building thereof. Background Technology

[0002] Ultra-low energy buildings refer to buildings that comprehensively utilize various energy-saving technologies in their building envelope, energy and equipment systems, lighting, intelligent control, and renewable energy utilization, resulting in energy consumption levels far lower than conventional buildings. They are buildings that use little or no primary energy sources and instead rely on renewable energy. Wood-framed buildings, a true "green" building system, reduce energy consumption because the wood used comes from renewable and sustainable forest resources. Furthermore, the production of wood for construction consumes less energy, resulting in significantly lower air, water, and solid waste pollution compared to steel and concrete. Wood-framed buildings also offer the following advantages: flexible design, space-saving, fast construction, and high efficiency. As an important component of ultra-low energy buildings, the building envelope has high requirements for heat transfer index and air tightness. While heat transfer performance can be improved by adding insulation materials inside the wall, air tightness, especially for ultra-low energy buildings, is particularly critical and requires special treatment methods. These methods must not only strictly ensure air tightness but also be suitable for the characteristics of wood structures to prevent the impact of temperature and humidity changes on the wood structure.

[0003] There are also methods for treating the exterior walls of the building envelope of ultra-low energy consumption or near-zero energy consumption wooden structures. A search revealed Chinese patent application number CN202120508553.3, which discloses a wall structure for prefabricated ultra-low energy consumption wooden houses. This structure includes a base wall, a fireproof gypsum board layer laid on the outside of the base wall, an elastic sound-insulating guide rail on the outside of the fireproof gypsum board layer, a horizontal wooden joist layer on the outside of the elastic sound-insulating guide rail, a horizontal wooden joist layer comprising several horizontally laid wooden joists (first type), a vertical wooden joist layer laid on the outside of the horizontal wooden joist layer, a vertical wooden joist layer comprising several vertically laid wooden joists (second type), a vapor barrier layer laid on the outside of the vertical wooden joist layer, an OSB board layer (first type) laid on the outside of the vapor barrier layer, a glass wool felt layer laid on the outside of the OSB board layer (first type), an OSB board layer (second type) laid on the outside of the glass wool felt layer, and a breathable paper layer laid on the outside of the OSB board layer (second type). The prefabricated wood-framed ultra-low energy consumption house walls are merely an accessory attached to the outside of the base wall. Although this structure can enhance the airtightness, heat insulation, and noise reduction of the wall, it is still an accessory structure, which inadvertently increases the wall thickness, and its economy and convenience need to be improved.

[0004] A search revealed Chinese patent application number 201910371960.1, which discloses an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure house. The exterior walls of this house are prefabricated wooden structures, comprising, from the outside in, a waterproof layer, an outer extruded polystyrene insulation board, an outer polyurethane foam layer, a wooden main body for the wall, an inner polyurethane foam layer, and an inner extruded polystyrene insulation board. The wooden structure in the walls of this ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure house only serves load-bearing and enclosure functions. The addition of an inner extruded polystyrene insulation board, an outer extruded polystyrene insulation board, and polyurethane foam on the inner and outer sides respectively increases the thickness of the wall itself; furthermore, no measures are mentioned to ensure the airtightness of the wall. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the existing technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall, its construction method and building.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, an ultra-low energy consumption wood structure exterior wall is provided, comprising:

[0007] The inner wall is located on the inside of the wall.

[0008] The outer wall is located on the outside of the wall.

[0009] A structural wooden column, which is a load-bearing component, is located between the inner wall and the outer wall, and one side of the column is connected to the inner wall.

[0010] The wooden I-beam, which serves as an enclosure component, is located between the inner and outer walls and is attached to the other side of the structural wooden column;

[0011] Plywood, with multiple plywood panels disposed on both sides of the I-beams and on the inner side of the outer wall, forming multiple sealed cavities that prevent indoor and outdoor air from permeating, exchanging, and transferring heat.

[0012] Preferably, the ultra-low energy consumption wood structure exterior wall includes three plywood panels, namely a first plywood, a second plywood, and a third plywood; the first plywood is disposed between the structural wood column and the wood I-beam; the second plywood is disposed on the side of the wood I-beam near the exterior wall; and the third plywood is connected to the exterior wall.

[0013] Preferably, a sealed cavity is formed between the first plywood and the second plywood, and between the second plywood and the third plywood; the sealed cavity between the first plywood and the second plywood is filled with second rock wool; and the sealed cavity between the second plywood and the third plywood serves as a breathable layer.

[0014] Preferably, the inner wall comprises:

[0015] gypsum board, the gypsum board being connected to the structural wooden column;

[0016] The first airtight membrane is attached to the inside of the gypsum board;

[0017] An interior decorative surface, which is fixed to the outside of the gypsum board.

[0018] Preferably, a first rock wool is used to fill the space between the gypsum board and the first plywood.

[0019] Preferably, the outer wall comprises:

[0020] The second airtight membrane is attached to the outside of the third plywood;

[0021] A waterproof membrane, wherein the waterproof membrane is fixed to the outside of the second airtight membrane by cold bonding method;

[0022] A wire mesh and a cement mortar layer, wherein the wire mesh and cement mortar layer are located on the outside of the waterproof membrane;

[0023] An exterior decorative layer, located outside the wire mesh and cement mortar layer.

[0024] Preferably, the thickness of the breathable layer is 20-40 mm.

[0025] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a method for constructing an ultra-low energy consumption wood structure exterior wall is provided, comprising:

[0026] Set up the wall positioning lines;

[0027] The structural wooden columns and I-beams are fixed according to the wall positioning lines;

[0028] Multiple plywood boards are installed between and on both sides of the structural wooden columns and wooden I-beams to form multiple sealed cavities that prevent indoor and outdoor air from penetrating, exchanging, and transferring heat.

[0029] An inner wall is provided on the innermost side of the structural wooden column;

[0030] An outer wall is provided on the outermost side of the I-beam and the plywood.

[0031] Preferably, the first plywood is fixed to the inside of the I-beam;

[0032] Secure the second plywood to the outside of the I-beam;

[0033] While the first plywood and the second plywood are fixed, the gap between them is filled with thermal insulation second rock wool;

[0034] The third plywood is fixed to the outside of the second plywood and spaced apart to form a breathable layer;

[0035] A second airtight membrane is adhered to the outside of the third plywood;

[0036] A waterproof membrane is adhered to the outside of the second airtight membrane;

[0037] A wire mesh is hung on the outside of the waterproof membrane, and a cement mortar layer is applied to the wire mesh to form a wire mesh cement mortar layer.

[0038] An exterior decorative layer is arranged on the outside of the steel wire mesh cement mortar layer;

[0039] A first airtight membrane is attached to the plasterboard;

[0040] A gypsum board with a first airtight membrane attached is fixed to the inside of the structural wooden column, and a first rock wool is filled between the gypsum board and the first plywood.

[0041] An interior decorative surface is arranged on the outer side of the gypsum board.

[0042] According to a third aspect of the invention, a building is provided that comprises at least one wall being the ultra-low energy consumption wood structure exterior wall described above; or, constructed using the construction method described above.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0044] The ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall and its construction method in this embodiment of the invention integrate thermal insulation and interior and exterior decoration. By using multiple layers of airtight membranes and plywood, the wall forms multiple layers of sealed and stable spaces, which can prevent indoor and outdoor air from permeating and exchanging heat.

[0045] The ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall and its construction method in this invention involve a wall that is itself a thick, integrated thermal insulation system. Insulation material with good fire resistance and thermal insulation properties is directly filled into the gaps between the structural columns and the gaps between the wooden beams within the wall. Simultaneously, an airtight membrane is installed on both the inner and outer sides of the wall. This airtight membrane has a one-way permeability function, preventing outside and indoor air from entering the wall and ensuring the overall airtightness of the wall. Furthermore, an airtight membrane is installed outside the permeable layer within the wall, sealing off a layer of air. This sealed air itself has auxiliary thermal insulation properties, and the one-way permeability of the airtight membrane prevents condensation on the wall. The wall itself does not require additional thick external or internal insulation layers to meet the thermal insulation and airtightness requirements of ultra-low energy consumption buildings, thus eliminating the need for a significant increase in wall thickness. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Other features, objects, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0047] Figure 1This is a cross-sectional view of an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a longitudinal sectional view of an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] In the diagram, 1 represents the interior decorative surface, 2 represents gypsum board, 3 represents the first airtight membrane, 4 represents the first rock wool, 5 represents the structural timber column, 6 represents the first plywood, 7 represents the second rock wool, 8 represents the timber I-beam, 9 represents the second plywood, 10 represents the breathable layer, 11 represents the third plywood, 12 represents the second airtight membrane, 13 represents the waterproof membrane, 14 represents the wire mesh and cement mortar layer, and 15 represents the exterior decorative layer.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a preferred embodiment of the construction method for an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] This invention provides an embodiment of an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall, comprising an inner wall, an outer wall, structural wooden columns, I-beams, and plywood. The inner wall is located on the inner side of the wall; the outer wall is located on the outer side of the wall; the structural wooden columns, as load-bearing components, are located between the inner and outer walls, with one side connected to the inner wall; the I-beams, as enclosing components, are located between the inner and outer walls and attached to the other side of the structural wooden columns; multiple plywood panels are disposed on both sides of the I-beams and on the inner side of the outer wall, forming multiple sealed cavities that prevent indoor and outdoor air infiltration, exchange, and heat transfer.

[0053] In this embodiment, the wooden I-beams are placed inside the cavity, and multiple plywood boards are combined to form a sealed cavity, which ensures that the wall has thermal insulation function without affecting the thickness of the wall itself.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, three plywoods are included: a first plywood 6, a second plywood 9, and a third plywood 11. See also... Figure 1 and Figure 2The first plywood 6 is located between the structural timber column 5 and the timber I-beam 8; the second plywood 9 is located on the other side of the timber I-beam 8. The third plywood 11 is spaced apart from the second plywood 9. A sealed cavity is formed between the first plywood 6 and the second plywood 9, and a sealed cavity is formed between the second plywood 9 and the third plywood 11. In this embodiment, multiple sealed cavities can prevent indoor and outdoor air infiltration, exchange, and heat transfer, ensuring the thermal insulation performance of the wall.

[0055] In a preferred embodiment, the second plywood 9 and the third plywood 11 are fixed to both sides of the wooden I-beam 8 by high-strength plastic studs, and the structural wooden column 5 is fixed to the first plywood by high-strength plastic studs; the spacing between adjacent high-strength plastic studs is 400mm.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second rock wool 7 is filled in the sealed cavity between the first plywood 6 and the second plywood 9. The rock wool serves as a fireproof and heat-insulating material to enhance the heat insulation effect of the wall.

[0057] The sealed cavity between the second plywood 9 and the third plywood 11 remains hollow, serving as a breathable layer 10. An airtight membrane is adhered to the outside of the third plywood. This membrane has a one-way ventilation function; when the air pressure in the breathable layer reaches a certain level due to heating, moisture can pass through the membrane and escape, while outdoor moisture cannot enter the wall through the membrane, thus preventing condensation on the wall. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, see... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The inner wall is composed of a first airtight membrane 3, gypsum board 2, and interior decorative surface 1, arranged from the inside out. The first airtight membrane 3 is attached to one side of the gypsum board 2, and the gypsum board 2 is fixed to the structural wooden column 5 using high-strength plastic studs. The interior decorative surface 1 is fixed to the outer surface of the gypsum board 2. The gypsum board, airtight membrane, and first plywood form a first layer of sealed space, which is divided into multiple sealed spaces by the wooden structural column. The airtight membrane has a one-way ventilation function, preventing cold or hot air from entering the wall through the membrane. A first layer of rock wool 4 is filled between the gypsum board 2 and the first plywood 6.

[0058] The inner wall consists of a second airtight membrane 12, a waterproof membrane 13, a wire mesh and cement mortar layer 14, and an exterior decorative layer 15, arranged from the inside out. The second airtight membrane 12 is adhered to one side of the third plywood 11, and the waterproof membrane 13 is adhered to the outside of the second airtight membrane 12. The wire mesh in the wire mesh and cement mortar layer 14 is hung on the waterproof membrane 13 and coated with cement mortar. The exterior decorative layer 15 is located on the outside of the wire mesh and cement mortar layer 14. The airtight membrane prevents rainwater and atmospheric air from entering the permeable layer, but when the water vapor pressure in the permeable layer reaches a certain level, it can automatically pass through the permeable membrane to the outside. The waterproof membrane is the wall waterproofing layer, preventing rainwater from entering the wall. The cement mortar layer is the protective layer of the waterproofing layer. The wire mesh enhances the integrity of the cement mortar layer and prevents it from cracking.

[0059] The wall in this embodiment integrates interior and exterior decoration and thermal insulation, and can be widely used in various architectural designs.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the spacing between adjacent wooden I-beams 8 is determined by design to meet the overall stability of the wall structure; the thickness of the breathable layer 10 is 30mm to meet the unidirectional breathability requirement of the breathable layer. Due to thermal expansion and contraction, when the water vapor in the breathable layer reaches a certain level, it can naturally pass through the breathable membrane to the outside, and the water vapor outside cannot pass through the wall to reach the inside of the wall, thus preventing condensation on the wall; at the same time, the air sealed in the breathable layer is a poor conductor of heat, which can enhance the thermal insulation function of the entire wall.

[0061] Based on the same inventive concept, other embodiments of the present invention also provide a method for constructing an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 ,include:

[0062] S100, Set up wall positioning and layout lines;

[0063] S200, according to the wall positioning and layout in S100, fix the structural wooden columns and wooden I-beams;

[0064] S300, in S200, multiple plywood boards are installed between and on both sides of the structural wooden columns and wooden beams to form multiple sealed cavities that prevent indoor and outdoor air from penetrating, exchanging and transferring heat.

[0065] S400, an inner wall is set on the innermost side of the structural wooden column;

[0066] S500, with an outer wall set on the outermost side of the I-beams and plywood.

[0067] In a preferred embodiment, the sequence for constructing the ultra-low energy wood structure exterior wall is as follows:

[0068] S1, Set the wall positioning and layout lines;

[0069] S2, Fix the structural wooden column 5 and the wooden I-beam 8 according to the wall positioning line;

[0070] S3, fix the first plywood 6 to the inside of the wooden beam 8;

[0071] S4, fix the second plywood 9 to the outside of the wooden beam 8;

[0072] S5, while the first plywood 6 and the second plywood 9 are fixed, the gap between them is filled with second rock wool 7;

[0073] S6, fix the third plywood 11 to the outside of the breathable layer 10;

[0074] S7, the second airtight membrane 12 is pasted on the outside of the third plywood 11;

[0075] S8, attach the waterproof membrane 13 to the outside of the second airtight membrane 12;

[0076] S9, hang a wire mesh on the outside of the waterproof membrane 13, and apply a cement mortar layer on the wire mesh to form a wire mesh cement mortar layer 14;

[0077] S10, An exterior facade decorative layer 15 is arranged on the outside of the wire mesh cement mortar layer 14;

[0078] S11, attach the first airtight membrane 3 to the gypsum board 2;

[0079] S12, fix the gypsum board 2 with the first airtight membrane 3 attached to the inside of the structural wooden column 5;

[0080] S13, an interior decorative surface 1 is arranged on the outside of the gypsum board 2.

[0081] In a preferred embodiment, the first airtight membrane 3 and the second airtight membrane 12 are made of DuPont paper. The exterior decorative layer 15 can be made of stone paint or exterior wall coating, etc.

[0082] It should be noted that in other embodiments, the ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall described in the above embodiments can be constructed using other construction sequences. That is, the construction sequence is not limited to a single one.

[0083] The wall constructed by the method in this embodiment integrates thermal insulation and interior / exterior decoration. It comprises at least three layers of sealed space. The first layer of sealed space is the space enclosed by gypsum board, a first airtight membrane, and a first plywood, which is divided into multiple sealed spaces by wooden structural columns. The second layer of sealed space is the space enclosed by the first and second plywood, which is divided into multiple sealed spaces by wooden beams. The third layer of sealed space is the space enclosed by the second and third plywood and the second airtight membrane, i.e., a breathable layer, characterized by its ability to prevent rain from entering. Water and air cannot enter the breathable layer, but when the water vapor pressure in the breathable layer reaches a certain level, it can automatically pass through the breathable membrane and be discharged to the outside in one direction. In addition to the breathable layer, the above-mentioned multiple sealed spaces are filled with rock wool with good fire resistance and thermal insulation performance. That is, the wall itself uses thermal insulation material (rock wool) with a very low heat transfer coefficient. The wall itself is a thick and large integral thermal insulation layer system, which greatly reduces the impact of heat transfer and maintains the indoor temperature from the influence of the outside hot and cold environment, thereby greatly improving the thermal insulation performance of the building's exterior walls.

[0084] Based on the same inventive concept, other embodiments of the present invention also provide a building, which includes at least one wall as an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall of any embodiment; or, it is constructed using the construction method in the embodiments.

[0085] Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention. The above preferred features can be used in any combination without conflict.

Claims

1. A type of ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall, characterized in that, include: The inner wall is located on the inside of the wall. The outer wall is located on the outside of the wall. A structural wooden column, which serves as a load-bearing component, is located between the inner wall and the outer wall, and one side of the column is connected to the inner wall. The wooden I-beam, which serves as an enclosure component, is located between the inner and outer walls and is attached to the other side of the structural wooden column; Plywood, with multiple plywood panels disposed on both sides of the I-beam and the inner side of the outer wall, forming multiple sealed cavities that prevent indoor and outdoor air from permeating, exchanging, and transferring heat; The plywood consists of a first plywood, a second plywood, and a third plywood; the first plywood is disposed between the structural timber column and the timber I-beam; the second plywood is disposed on the side of the timber I-beam near the outer wall; and the third plywood is connected to the outer wall. A sealed cavity is formed between the first plywood and the second plywood, and between the second plywood and the third plywood; the sealed cavity between the first plywood and the second plywood is filled with second rock wool; the sealed cavity between the second plywood and the third plywood serves as a breathable layer. The inner wall includes: gypsum board, the gypsum board being connected to the structural wooden column; The first airtight membrane is attached to the inside of the gypsum board; An interior decorative surface, which is fixed to the outside of the gypsum board; The space between the gypsum board and the first plywood is filled with first rock wool; The outer wall includes: The second airtight membrane is attached to the outside of the third plywood; A waterproof membrane, wherein the waterproof membrane is fixed to the outside of the second airtight membrane by cold bonding method; A wire mesh and a cement mortar layer, wherein the wire mesh and cement mortar layer are located on the outside of the waterproof membrane; An exterior facade decorative layer, wherein the exterior facade decorative layer is located outside the wire mesh and cement mortar layer; The airtight membrane has one-way air permeability; Due to thermal expansion and contraction, when the moisture in the breathable layer reaches a certain level, it can naturally be discharged to the outside through the breathable membrane. The moisture outside cannot pass through the wall to reach the inside of the wall, which can prevent condensation on the wall. At the same time, the air sealed in the breathable layer is a poor conductor of heat, which can enhance the thermal insulation function of the entire wall.

2. The ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the breathable layer is 20-40mm.

3. A method for constructing an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that, include: Set up the wall positioning lines; The structural wooden columns and I-beams are fixed according to the wall positioning lines; Multiple plywood boards are installed between and on both sides of the structural wooden columns and wooden I-beams to form multiple sealed cavities that prevent indoor and outdoor air from penetrating, exchanging, and transferring heat. An inner wall is provided on the innermost side of the structural wooden column; An outer wall is provided on the outermost side of the I-beam and the plywood.

4. The method for constructing an ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first plywood is fixed to the inside of the I-beam; Secure the second plywood to the outside of the I-beam; While the first plywood and the second plywood are fixed, the gap between them is filled with thermal insulation second rock wool; The third plywood is fixed to the outside of the second plywood and spaced apart to form a breathable layer; A second airtight membrane is adhered to the outside of the third plywood; A waterproof membrane is adhered to the outside of the second airtight membrane; A wire mesh is hung on the outside of the waterproof membrane, and a cement mortar layer is applied to the wire mesh to form a wire mesh cement mortar layer. An exterior decorative layer is arranged on the outside of the steel wire mesh cement mortar layer; A first airtight membrane is attached to the plasterboard; A gypsum board with a first airtight membrane attached is fixed to the inside of the structural wooden column, and a first rock wool is filled between the gypsum board and the first plywood. An interior decorative surface is arranged on the outer side of the gypsum board.

5. A building, characterized in that, It includes at least one wall as the ultra-low energy consumption wooden structure exterior wall as described in any one of claims 1-2; or, it is constructed using the construction method described in any one of claims 3-4.

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