A Lightweight Model Evaluation Method for 3D Environment in Ray Tracing Algorithm

Abstract

A method for evaluating lightweight 3D models in ray tracing algorithms includes: acquiring a high-precision 3D environment model and configuring simulation parameters; lightweighting the original environment model into different degrees of lightweight environment models; counting the number of rays that each receiving point can receive and setting different weights for different types of rays; obtaining the average ray count parameter of each receiving point in this environment and comparing the difference between the current lightweight level and the previous lightweight level to obtain the optimal lightweight parameter in this environment; calculating the optimal average ray count parameter P and the optimal average computational complexity C in the environment, and using the optimal complexity-to-ray ratio C / P as a quantification index for comparison between different environments. This invention solves the problem of difficulty in evaluating lightweight 3D models in ray tracing algorithms.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a method for evaluating a lightweight 3D environment model in a ray tracing algorithm. Background Technology

[0002] Ray tracing technology is increasingly used in wireless propagation prediction and channel modeling. Compared to traditional empirical propagation models, ray tracing can more accurately describe the multipath propagation factors in complex 3D model environments, making it highly valuable in the field of wireless communication. Wireless network planners and engineers can use this technology to accurately predict wireless coverage and communication service quality in complex network environments, thereby effectively improving the efficiency and service quality of wireless communication service providers, such as design institutes and integrators, during the network planning and construction delivery phases.

[0003] A high-precision 3D environment model is the data foundation for accurate wireless coverage prediction calculations using ray tracing technology. Theoretically, improving map accuracy can effectively enhance the prediction accuracy of ray tracing. However, in practice, increasing map accuracy often means increasing map size. Since all rays in ray tracing need to respond to 3D structural information in the 3D map, excessively large map size often leads to excessive computational complexity, slowing down calculations and affecting the overall efficiency of the algorithm. Therefore, in practical applications, it is often necessary to lightweight the high-precision 3D environment model, retaining map elements that affect ray tracing while removing those with little or no impact, thereby ensuring computational efficiency.

[0004] Ray tracing requires both high-precision maps to ensure computational accuracy and reduced map size to ensure computational efficiency. Existing technologies mostly focus on lightweight model methods to balance computational efficiency and accuracy; however, how to evaluate the effectiveness of lightweight processing of 3D environment models has been a long-neglected issue. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention is proposed to provide a method for evaluating a 3D lightweight model in a ray tracing algorithm that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the embodiments of this application disclose the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for evaluating lightweight 3D models in a ray tracing algorithm, comprising:

[0008] S100. Obtain a high-precision 3D environment model and configure simulation parameters;

[0009] S200. For the three-dimensional environment model, use the ray tracing algorithm to check the direct rays, first-order reflections and first-order diffractions, and record the rays received by all receiving points in the environment. Assuming that the required number of receiving points is N, count the number of direct rays Ln, the number of reflected rays Rn and the number of diffracted rays Dn that each receiving point n (n = 1, 2, ..., N) can receive respectively.

[0010] S300. By using the average sum of the number of reflected rays Rn and the number of diffracted rays Dn at all observation points in the statistical results, determine whether the environment needs to be simulated using complete ray tracing calculations;

[0011] S400. When the environment requires full ray tracing calculations for simulation, the original environment model can be lightweighted into different degrees of lightweight environment models by adjusting the model lightweighting parameters.

[0012] S500. For each lightweight environment model, count the number of rays that each receiving point can receive, and set different weights for different types of rays;

[0013] S600. Weighted sum of all ray counts to obtain the received ray count parameter Pn for the current environment at this receiving point, and average the received ray count parameters of all receiving points to obtain the average ray count parameter for each receiving point in this environment.

[0014] S700. Comparison with current lightweighting levels. Compared to the previous lightweight version The difference between them is used to obtain the optimal lightweight parameters for this environment;

[0015] S800 simplifies the environment model and performs full ray tracing simulation calculations on the simplified environment model to obtain coverage prediction results. At the same time, it calculates the optimal average ray count parameter P and the optimal average computational complexity C under the environment for comparison between different environments.

[0016] Furthermore, in S100, a high-precision three-dimensional environment model is obtained and simulation parameters are configured. Specifically, this includes: obtaining a high-precision three-dimensional environment model through three-dimensional modeling technology, extracting the actual surrounding environment into a digital three-dimensional environment model; classifying the model material and assigning electromagnetic parameters to the three-dimensional environment model according to the computational requirements of the ray tracing algorithm, obtaining a three-dimensional environment model with assigned electromagnetic parameters, and configuring simulation calculation parameters on the three-dimensional environment model with assigned electromagnetic parameters.

[0017] Furthermore, simulation calculation parameters are configured on the three-dimensional environmental model with assigned electromagnetic parameters, including the installation height of the transmitting antenna, downtilt angle, azimuth angle, transmission power, beam lobe diagram, transmitting antenna-related parameters, and the location of the radio wave receiving point. The location of the receiving point is configured according to the simulation requirements, which can be a plane at a certain height in the environmental model or a finite number of specific receiving point locations.

[0018] Furthermore, in S200, the area within a certain radius centered on the receiving point is taken as the receiving area of ​​that receiving point. When counting the number of rays at a single receiving point, the number of all received rays within the receiving area is counted.

[0019] Furthermore, in S300, the specific method for determining whether the environment needs to be simulated using complete ray tracing calculations is as follows: whether the average number of reflected and diffracted rays received by all receiving points in the statistical results [∑(Rn+Dn)] / N is lower than a certain set minimum threshold; if it is lower than the minimum threshold, the environment structure is considered too simple, with many pure direct observation points, and there is no need to perform complete ray tracing calculations. The received signal strength at that point can be obtained by directly calculating the direct rays in the environment model; otherwise, the environment structure is considered relatively complex, and complete ray tracing calculations are required.

[0020] Furthermore, in S400, a lightweighting operation is performed on the 3D environment model with assigned electromagnetic parameters. Specifically, this includes: directly simplifying the model by applying an edge-folding algorithm to different materials in the model; setting the number of vertices to be retained in the 3D model through the edge-folding algorithm, and simplifying the environment model map by retaining different percentages of the number of model vertices to obtain multiple environment model maps with different degrees of simplification.

[0021] Furthermore, in S500, different weights are assigned to different types of rays, specifically including: direct rays, diffracted rays, and reflected rays; among them, direct rays are assigned the largest weight, and reflected rays are assigned the smallest weight, and higher-order rays of the same type are assigned lower weights than lower-order rays.

[0022] Furthermore, in S600, the average ray count parameters at each receiving point under this environment are obtained. Where Pn is the count parameter of received rays at all receiving points, and N is the number of receiving points.

[0023] Furthermore, in the S700, at the current level of simplification... Compared to the previous simplification When the discrepancy is small, the map redundancy can be considered high, and the environment model can be further simplified; at the current level of simplification... Compared to the previous simplification When a sudden and significant change occurs, it indicates that a structure in the environment that significantly affects ray tracing calculations has been destroyed, and a suitable map simplification rate for that environment is obtained by using a simplified map from the previous level.

[0024] Furthermore, in S800, the optimal average ray count parameter P and the optimal average computational complexity C are simultaneously calculated for the environment. The specific method is as follows: after obtaining suitable map lightweighting parameters, the map is simplified according to the corresponding lightweighting measures, and a complete ray tracing simulation calculation is performed on the simplified environment model to obtain the coverage prediction results. At the same time, the algorithm complexity Cn and the number of received rays Pn for each receiving point are calculated to obtain the optimal average computational complexity C and the optimal average ray count parameter P for the environment. The optimal complexity ray ratio C / P is used as a quantitative indicator to evaluate the environment map and is used to make horizontal comparisons of ray tracing calculations under different environments. Among them, the computational complexity Cn is obtained by counting the number of floating-point operations of the computer during the ray tracing calculation.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the above-described technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention include at least the following:

[0026] This invention discloses a method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm, comprising: acquiring a high-precision 3D environment model and configuring simulation parameters; determining whether the environment requires full ray tracing calculation for simulation by using the average sum of the number of reflected rays Rn and the number of diffracted rays Dn at all observation points in the statistical results; lightweighting the original environment model into different degrees of lightweight environment models by adjusting the model lightweighting parameters; counting the number of rays that each receiving point can receive and setting different weights for different types of rays; and obtaining the average ray count parameter for each receiving point in the environment. Comparing current levels of lightweighting Compared to the previous lightweight version The difference between the parameters is analyzed to obtain the optimal lightweight parameters for that environment. The optimal average ray count parameter P and the optimal average computational complexity C for that environment are statistically determined. The optimal complexity-to-ray ratio C / P is used as a quantitative indicator to evaluate the map of that environment, allowing for horizontal comparison of ray tracing calculations under different environments. This invention solves the problem in existing technologies where the evaluation of 3D lightweight models in ray tracing algorithms is difficult.

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0028] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a three-dimensional lightweight model evaluation method in a ray tracing algorithm, as described in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0030] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0031] To address the problems existing in the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for evaluating a three-dimensional lightweight model in a ray tracing algorithm.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] This embodiment discloses a method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm, such as... Figure 1 ,include:

[0034] S100. Obtain a high-precision 3D environment model and configure simulation parameters. Specifically, in this embodiment, obtaining a high-precision 3D environment model and configuring simulation parameters includes: obtaining a high-precision 3D environment model through 3D modeling technology, extracting the actual surrounding environment into a digital 3D environment model; or extracting the actual surrounding environment into a digital 3D environment model through 3D environment map synthesis technologies such as oblique photogrammetry and LiDAR. The 3D environment model is then processed by material classification and electromagnetic parameter assignment according to the computational requirements of the ray tracing algorithm, resulting in a 3D environment model with assigned electromagnetic parameters. Simulation calculation parameters are then configured on the 3D environment model with assigned electromagnetic parameters.

[0035] Specifically, the simulation calculation parameters are configured, including the transmitting antenna installation height, downtilt angle, azimuth angle, transmitting power, beam lobe diagram and other transmitting antenna-related parameters, as well as the location of the radio wave receiving point. The location of the receiving point is configured according to the simulation requirements. It can be a plane at a certain height in the environment model (with equally spaced receiving points set on the plane according to the calculation requirements) or a limited number of specific receiving point locations.

[0036] S200. For the three-dimensional environment model, use the ray tracing algorithm to check the direct rays, first-order reflections and first-order diffractions, and record the rays received by all receiving points in the environment. Assuming that the required number of receiving points is N, count the number of direct rays Ln, the number of reflected rays Rn and the number of diffracted rays Dn that each receiving point n (n = 1, 2, ..., N) can receive respectively.

[0037] Specifically, considering that receiving antennas are usually of a certain size and cannot be a single point, the rays received near the receiving point are not only directed at that single point, but rather cover a receiving area within a certain radius centered on the receiving point. Therefore, when counting the number of rays at a single receiving point, it is necessary to count the number of rays received in the entire area.

[0038] S300. By using the average sum of the number of reflected rays Rn and the number of diffracted rays Dn at all observation points in the statistical results, determine whether the environment needs to be simulated using complete ray tracing calculations;

[0039] Using the full ray tracing algorithm directly on an unsimplified map would lead to excessive computational complexity and time. However, using it on an oversimplified map fails to yield ideal simulation results, reducing the reliability of predictions. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize some ray tracing capabilities to evaluate maps at different levels of simplification during the simplification process, obtaining a ray-traced 3D environment model with the greatest possible lightweightness. This model is then used in the full ray tracing algorithm for repeated calls to optimize wireless network planning and design. The lightweighting process of the 3D environment model with assigned electromagnetic parameters can be achieved through manual or machine identification and removal of environmental structures that have little or no impact on wireless propagation, or through 3D model simplification methods such as vertex extraction or edge folding algorithms.

[0040] Specifically, in this embodiment S300, the method for determining whether the environment needs to be simulated using complete ray tracing calculation is as follows: whether the average value of the number of reflected and diffracted rays received by all receiving points in the statistical results [∑(Rn+Dn)] / N is lower than a certain set minimum threshold; if it is lower than the minimum threshold, it is considered that the environment structure is too simple and there are many pure direct observation points, so there is no need to perform complete ray tracing calculation, and the received signal strength of the point can be obtained by directly calculating the direct rays in the environment model; otherwise, it is considered that the structure of the environment is relatively complex and complete ray tracing calculation is required.

[0041] S400. When the environment requires full ray tracing calculations for simulation, the original environment model can be lightweighted into different degrees of lightweight environment models by adjusting the model lightweighting parameters.

[0042] After determining that the environment is suitable for full ray tracing calculations, maps with different levels of lightweighting are evaluated in order of their degree of simplification. The most suitable lightweight map parameters for the current environment model are then determined. The following explanation uses a map with a specific level of simplification as an example. Specifically, in S400, the 3D environment model with assigned electromagnetic parameters undergoes a lightweighting operation, including: directly simplifying the model by applying edge-folding algorithms to different materials; setting the number of vertices to be retained in the 3D model using edge-folding algorithms; and simplifying the environment model map by retaining different percentages of model vertices to obtain multiple environment model maps with different degrees of simplification.

[0043] S500. For each lightweight environment model, the number of rays that each receiving point can receive is counted, and different weights are set for different types of rays. In S500 of this embodiment, different weights are set for different types of rays, specifically including: direct rays, diffracted rays and reflected rays. Among them, direct rays are given the largest weight, reflected rays are given the smallest weight, and higher-order rays of the same type are given lower weights than lower-order rays.

[0044] After determining that the environment is suitable for full ray tracing calculations, maps with different lightweight levels are evaluated in order of their lightweightness to determine the most suitable lightweight map parameters for the current environment model. The following explanation uses a map with a certain lightweight level as an example.

[0045] After obtaining a lightweight 3D environment model, the number of rays that each receiving point can receive is counted, and different weights are assigned to different types of rays. Direct rays have the highest weight, diffracted rays have a relatively high weight, and reflected rays have the lowest weight. Higher-order rays of the same type should have lower weights than lower-order rays. Specific weights can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0046] It should be noted that the above weight settings are obtained by ranking the rays according to the difficulty of how easily random map changes affect them. If the receiving point can receive a direct ray, the possibility of map lightweighting affecting that ray is minimal. Furthermore, a direct ray only has two possibilities: it can or cannot be received; there is no possibility of obtaining a new direct ray from another path. Therefore, any change in the direct ray condition reflects a significant change in the map during lightweighting, hence the highest weight among all rays. Reflected rays are more affected by map lightweighting than diffracted rays. Changes in the angle of the reflecting surface during lightweighting can lead to changes in the number of reflected rays, thus introducing some uncertainty. Conversely, diffracted rays occur when there is occlusion in their path. As long as the occluder does not undergo significant deformation, the number of diffracted ray paths does not change significantly, making them more stable than reflected rays, and thus requiring a higher weight. Additionally, higher-order rays interact with the map multiple times, making them more susceptible to changes in the number of rays due to slight map alterations compared to lower-order rays. Therefore, higher-order rays require lower weights than lower-order rays. In conclusion, the principle for weight setting is direct rays > diffractions > reflections, and lower-order rays > higher-order rays.

[0047] S600. Weighted sum of all ray counts to obtain the received ray count parameter Pn for the current environment at this receiving point, and average the received ray count parameters of all receiving points to obtain the average ray count parameter for each receiving point in this environment.

[0048] Specifically, the number of rays received by all observation points is weighted and summed to obtain the ray count parameter Pn for that observation point under the given environment. Then, the ray count parameters of all observation points are averaged to obtain the ray count parameter for that environment.

[0049] S700. Comparison with current lightweighting levels. Compared to the previous lightweight version The difference between them is used to obtain the optimal lightweight parameters for this environment; in S700 of this embodiment, under the current level of simplification... Compared to the previous simplification When the discrepancy is small, the map redundancy can be considered high, and the environment model can be further simplified; at the current level of simplification... Compared to the previous simplification When a sudden and significant change occurs, it indicates that a structure in the environment that significantly affects ray tracing calculations has been destroyed, and a suitable map simplification rate for that environment is obtained by using a simplified map from the previous level.

[0050] It's important to note here that the reason for counting the number of received rays at each receiving point separately, instead of directly dividing the total by the number of receiving points to obtain the ray count parameter, is that separate counting reflects the detailed changes in the parameter. When significant changes occur, the location of the changed receiving point can be located by comparing Pn, thus enabling a more detailed analysis of the map.

[0051] S800 simplifies the environment model and performs full ray tracing simulation calculations on the simplified environment model to obtain coverage prediction results. At the same time, it calculates the optimal average ray count parameter P and the optimal average computational complexity C under the environment for comparison between different environments.

[0052] Specifically, in S800 of this embodiment, the optimal average ray count parameter P and the optimal average computational complexity C are simultaneously calculated for the environment. The specific method is as follows: after obtaining suitable map lightweighting parameters, the map is simplified according to the corresponding lightweighting measures, and a complete ray tracing simulation is performed on the simplified environment model to obtain coverage prediction results. Simultaneously, the algorithm complexity Cn and the number of received rays Pn for each receiving point are calculated, thus obtaining the optimal average computational complexity C and the optimal ray count parameter P for the environment. The optimal complexity-to-ray ratio C / P is used as a quantitative indicator to evaluate the environment map and to conduct horizontal comparisons of ray tracing calculations under different environments; wherein, the computational complexity Cn is obtained by counting the number of floating-point operations performed by the computer during the ray tracing calculation.

[0053] Specifically, the computational complexity Cn for each receiving point can be calculated by weighting different operators in the algorithm process and then summing them, or by using the algorithm's runtime obtained from the computer's internal clock. The computational complexity of all receiving points is then averaged to obtain the optimal average computational complexity C for this environment. After obtaining the optimal average computational complexity C and the optimal ray counting parameter P for the current environment, the optimal complexity-to-ray ratio C / P is used as a quantitative indicator to evaluate the environmental map. This is used to compare ray tracing calculations under different environments, with the main evaluation principle being to maximize P and minimize the C / P ratio. When the optimal complexity-to-ray ratio is low, the environment model or ray tracing algorithm is considered to be more efficient.

[0054] This embodiment discloses a method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm, comprising: acquiring a high-precision 3D environment model and configuring simulation parameters; determining whether the environment requires full ray tracing calculation for simulation by using the average sum of the number of reflected rays Rn and the number of diffracted rays Dn at all observation points in the statistical results; lightweighting the original environment model into different degrees of lightweight environment models by adjusting the model lightweighting parameters; counting the number of rays that each receiving point can receive and setting different weights for different types of rays; and obtaining the average ray count parameter for each receiving point in the environment. Comparing current levels of lightweighting Compared to the previous lightweight version The difference between the parameters is analyzed to obtain the optimal lightweight parameters for that environment. The optimal average ray count parameter P and the optimal average computational complexity C for that environment are statistically determined. The optimal complexity-to-ray ratio C / P is used as a quantitative indicator to evaluate the map of that environment, allowing for horizontal comparison of ray tracing calculations under different environments. This invention solves the problem in existing technologies where the evaluation of 3D lightweight models in ray tracing algorithms is difficult.

[0055] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the disclosed process is an example of an exemplary method. Based on design preferences, it should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of steps in the process may be rearranged without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The appended method claims provide elements of various steps in an exemplary order and are not intended to limit the scope to the specific order or hierarchy described.

[0056] In the detailed description above, various features are combined together in a single embodiment to simplify this disclosure. This approach to disclosure should not be construed as reflecting an intention that embodiments of the claimed subject matter require more features than are explicitly stated in each claim. Rather, as reflected in the appended claims, the invention is presented with fewer features than all of the features in a single disclosed embodiment. Therefore, the appended claims are hereby explicitly incorporated into the detailed description, with each claim representing a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

[0057] Those skilled in the art will also understand that the various illustrative logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability between hardware and software, the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps described above are generally described in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art can implement the described functionality in alternative ways for each specific application; however, such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0058] The steps of the methods or algorithms described in conjunction with the embodiments herein can be directly embodied in hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. The software modules can reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is connected to the processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. The ASIC can reside in a user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can exist as discrete components in the user terminal.

[0059] For software implementation, the techniques described in this application can be implemented using modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described in this application. This software code can be stored in memory units and executed by a processor. The memory units can be implemented within the processor or outside the processor; in the latter case, they are communicatively coupled to the processor via various means, as is well known in the art.

[0060] The foregoing description includes examples of one or more embodiments. It is certainly impossible to describe all possible combinations of components or methods in order to describe the above embodiments, but those skilled in the art will recognize that further combinations and arrangements of the various embodiments are possible. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are intended to cover all such changes, modifications, and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims. Furthermore, the term "comprising" as used in the specification or claims is interpreted in a manner similar to the term "including," as interpreted when used as a conjunction in the claims. Additionally, the use of any term "or" in the specification of the claims is intended to mean "non-exclusive or."

Claims

1. A method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm, characterized in that, include: S100. Obtain a high-precision 3D environment model and configure simulation parameters; S200. For the three-dimensional environment model, use the ray tracing algorithm to check the direct rays, first-order reflections and first-order diffractions, and record the rays received by all receiving points in the environment. Assuming that the required number of receiving points is N, count the number of direct rays Ln, the number of reflected rays Rn and the number of diffracted rays Dn that each receiving point n (n=1,2,…,N) can receive respectively. S300. By using the average of the sum of the number of reflected rays Rn and the number of diffracted rays Dn at all observation points in the statistical results, determine whether the environment needs to be simulated using complete ray tracing calculations; S400. When the environment requires full ray tracing calculations for simulation, the original environment model can be lightweighted into different degrees of lightweight environment models by adjusting the model lightweighting parameters. S500. For each lightweight environment model, count the number of rays that each receiving point can receive, and set different weights for different types of rays; S600. Weighted sum of all ray counts to obtain the ray count parameter Pn of the receiving point under the current environment, and average the ray count parameters of all receiving points to obtain the average ray count parameter P of each receiving point under the current environment. S700. Compare the difference between P under the current level of lightweighting and P' under the previous level of lightweighting to obtain the optimal lightweighting parameters under this environment; S800 simplifies the environment model and uses full ray tracing simulation calculation on the simplified environment model to obtain coverage prediction results. At the same time, it calculates the optimal average ray count parameter P and the optimal average computational complexity C under the environment for comparison between different environments. In S800, the optimal average ray count parameter P and the optimal average computational complexity C are simultaneously calculated for each environment. The specific method is as follows: after obtaining appropriate map lightweighting parameters, the map is simplified according to the corresponding lightweighting measures, and a complete ray tracing simulation is performed on the simplified environment model to obtain the coverage prediction results. At the same time, the algorithm complexity Cn and the number of received rays Pn for each receiving point are calculated to obtain the optimal average computational complexity C and the optimal average ray count parameter P for each environment. The optimal complexity-ray ratio C / P is used as a quantitative indicator to evaluate the map of the environment and is used to make horizontal comparisons of ray tracing calculations under different environments. The computational complexity Cn is obtained by counting the number of floating-point operations performed by the computer during the ray tracing calculation.

2. The method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S100, a high-precision 3D environment model is obtained and simulation parameters are configured. Specifically, this includes: obtaining a high-precision 3D environment model through 3D modeling technology, extracting the actual surrounding environment into a digital 3D environment model; classifying the model material and assigning electromagnetic parameters to the 3D environment model according to the computational requirements of the ray tracing algorithm, obtaining a 3D environment model with assigned electromagnetic parameters, and configuring simulation calculation parameters on the 3D environment model with assigned electromagnetic parameters.

3. The method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm as described in claim 2, characterized in that, Configure simulation calculation parameters on the three-dimensional environment model with electromagnetic parameters, including the installation height of the transmitting antenna, downtilt angle, azimuth angle, transmission power, beam lobe diagram, transmitting antenna related parameters, and the location of the radio wave receiving point. The location of the receiving point is configured according to the simulation requirements, which can be a plane at a certain height in the environment model or a finite number of specific receiving point locations.

4. The method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S200, the area within a certain radius of the receiving point is taken as the receiving area of ​​that receiving point. When counting the number of rays at a single receiving point, the number of all received rays within the receiving area is counted.

5. The method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S300, the specific method for determining whether a complete ray tracing calculation is required for simulation of an environment is as follows: whether the average number of reflected and diffracted rays received by all receiving points in the statistical results [∑(Rn+Dn)] / N is lower than a certain set minimum threshold; if it is lower than the minimum threshold, the environment structure is considered too simple, with many pure direct observation points, and no complete ray tracing calculation is required. The received signal strength at that point can be obtained by directly calculating the direct rays in the environment model; otherwise, the environment structure is considered too complex, and a complete ray tracing calculation is required.

6. The method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S400, a lightweighting operation is performed on the 3D environment model with assigned electromagnetic parameters. Specifically, this includes: directly simplifying the model by applying edge folding algorithms to different materials in the model; setting the number of vertices to be retained in the 3D model through edge folding algorithms, and simplifying the environment model map by retaining different percentages of the model vertices to obtain multiple environment model maps with different degrees of simplification.

7. The method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S500, different weights are assigned to different types of rays, including direct rays, diffracted rays, and reflected rays. Direct rays have the highest weight, while reflected rays have the lowest weight. Higher-order rays of the same type have lower weights than lower-order rays.

8. The method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S600, the average ray count parameter P of each receiving point under this environment is obtained, P = Pn / N; where Pn is the ray count parameter of all receiving points, and N is the number of receiving points.

9. The method for evaluating a lightweight 3D model in a ray tracing algorithm as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In S700, when the difference between P at the current simplification level and P' at the previous simplification level is small, the map redundancy can be considered high, and the environment model can continue to be simplified. When P at the current simplification level and P' at the previous simplification level suddenly change significantly, it indicates that the structure in the environment that has a significant impact on ray tracing calculation has been destroyed, and a suitable map simplification rate for this environment can be obtained through the simplified map of the previous level.

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