Installation method of arch bolt spherical net shell

Abstract

The present invention relates to an arch bolt ball lattice shell installation method, which belongs to the field of lattice construction and aims to achieve efficient and low-cost installation. The lattice shell is divided into a plurality of basic units, each of which includes two adjacent supports and an arch lattice between the two supports. First, along the span direction of the basic unit, the lower chord ball at one end of the lattice is movably arranged on the support on the corresponding side with its center as the rotation center, as an installation fulcrum. Then, with the installation fulcrum as the starting point, small units are assembled on the ground along the span direction of the basic unit. When the lattice assembly end contacts the ground, the lattice assembly end is lifted at the rear side of the assembly end with the installation fulcrum as the rotation point, and the assembly is continued forward until the lattice shell is installed to the opposite side support of the entire arch. Finally, the lower chord balls at both ends of the lattice are fixed respectively. The present invention realizes the installation of the basic unit on the ground, avoids the risk of high-altitude operation, and is safer. It does not require the erection of a large number of scaffolds, saving the construction period and scaffolding-related costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of grid construction, and in particular relates to an arch bolt ball grid shell installation method. Background Art

[0002] The bolted-ball lattice shell is a novel load-bearing roof structure, belonging to a multiply indeterminate spatial structural system. It alters the stress state of conventional planar frame structures and can withstand loads from all directions. The lattice shell consists of an arch-shaped, inner lower chord sphere, an outer upper chord sphere, a lower chord member connecting two adjacent lower chord spheres, an upper chord member connecting two adjacent upper chord spheres, and a web member connecting the upper and lower chord spheres. Both the upper and lower chord spheres are bolted spheres with threaded holes. Bolted-ball lattice shells offer advantages such as simple stress distribution, novel and aesthetically pleasing structure, strong member regularity, uniform grid structure, good integrity, high spatial rigidity, and excellent seismic performance. Bolted-ball lattice shells utilize bolts for simple fabrication, light weight, ease of installation, simple operation, and material conservation. Consequently, they are widely used in roof structures such as gymnasiums, exhibition halls, restaurants, waiting rooms, warehouses, and single-story and multi-span industrial buildings. They are particularly well-suited for large-span structures such as large convention centers, stadiums, and aircraft maintenance bays.

[0003] There are various construction methods for large-scale space gridshell structures, including high-altitude bulk installation, strip or block unit installation, high-altitude sliding, overall jacking, and overall lifting. Structural stability and safety are particularly important during construction, and the selection of a construction plan involves a series of issues such as construction safety, construction difficulty, construction period, and cost. Traditionally, construction is usually carried out in the form of full-floor scaffolding, which requires a large amount of scaffolding and all workers work at height. The gridshell units are manually installed by crane in sequence, requiring a large amount of scaffolding materials and lifting machinery. The construction period is long, the cost is high, and the safety risks of working at height are high. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems of high cost and long installation period of existing lattice shells, and to provide a safe, efficient and low-cost arch bolt ball lattice shell installation method.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an arch bolt ball grid shell installation method, the grid shell includes a lower chord ball located on the inner side, an upper chord ball located on the outer side, a lower chord rod connected between two adjacent lower chord balls, an upper chord rod connected between two adjacent upper chord balls, and a web rod connected between the upper chord ball and the lower chord ball, which are distributed around the arch; the grid shell is divided into multiple basic units for installation, and the basic unit includes two pairs of adjacent supports and an arch grid between the two pairs of adjacent supports; first, along the span direction of the basic unit, the lower chord ball at one end of the arch grid is movably set on the support on the corresponding side with its ball center as the rotation center; then, with the installation support as the starting point, small assembly units are assembled on the ground along the span direction of the basic unit; when the grid assembly end contacts the ground, the grid assembly end is lifted at the rear side of the assembly end with the installation support as the rotation point, and the assembly is continued forward until the grid shell is installed to the opposite side support of the entire arch; finally, the lower chord balls at both ends of the arch grid are fixed respectively.

[0006] Furthermore, the support includes a base plate, on which a base with a slot is fixed, and the slot is adapted to the lower chord ball; the lower chord ball constituting the mounting fulcrum is movably arranged in the slot of the base.

[0007] Furthermore, when the lower chord ball is fixed, it is necessary to fix the lower chord ball to the base, and use a connecting rod to connect the lower chord ball to the side foundation.

[0008] Furthermore, before assembling the small units, a clamp is used to clamp the outer periphery of the lower chord ball of the installation support from above, and the open end of the clamp is temporarily fixed to the base plate. The clamp and the base plate surround each other to form a doorway that passes through the span direction of the grid.

[0009] Furthermore, the clamp is a U-shaped clamp.

[0010] Furthermore, the base is formed by four identical support plates evenly distributed along the center of the base; the inner side of each support plate is in an arc shape adapted to the lower string ball.

[0011] Furthermore, during assembly, the lower chord ball, the lower chord rod, the belly rod, the upper chord ball and the upper chord rod are assembled in sequence.

[0012] Furthermore, when the assembly reaches more than 1 / 3 of the grid, an additional hanging point is added at 1 / 3 of the grid along the span direction; when the assembly reaches more than 2 / 3 of the grid, an additional hanging point is added at 2 / 3 of the grid.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the arch bolt ball grid shell installation method disclosed by the present invention divides the grid shell into multiple basic units for installation. When the basic unit is installed, the installation fulcrum is constructed first, and the lower chord ball at one end of the arch grid is movably arranged on the support on the corresponding side with its center of rotation as the installation fulcrum. During the installation of the grid, the installation of the grid is gradually completed by lifting the assembled grid segments and rotating them around the installation fulcrum, thereby realizing the installation of the basic units on the ground. During the entire process, there is no need to lift the grid segments off the ground for assembly, which avoids the risk of high-altitude operations and is safer; furthermore, there is no need to set up a large number of scaffoldings, saving the construction period and scaffolding-related costs; thirdly, during the entire construction process, during the hoisting process, since there is no need to lift the entire grid, only the grid assembly end needs to be lifted, the requirements for hoisting machinery such as cranes are reduced, further saving machinery costs; fourthly, the investment of the installation fulcrum of the present invention makes the requirements for site flatness not high, which can meet the construction requirements of limited construction sites. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 This is a simplified diagram of the basic unit of the arch bolt spherical shell;

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation fulcrum structure during the installation of the basic unit;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure after the basic unit is installed;

[0017] Figure 4 This is a top view of the deck;

[0018] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a U-shaped pallet;

[0019] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the installation process for the basic unit.

[0020] In the figure, the lattice shell 1, the lower chord ball 11, the upper chord ball 12, the lower chord rod 13, the upper chord rod 14, the web rod 15, the support 2, the bottom plate 21, the bracket 22, the support plate 22A, the grid 3, the U-shaped bracket 4, the connecting rod 5, and the side foundation 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0022] Arch bolt spherical shell installation method, such as Figure 1As shown, the lattice shell 1 includes lower chord balls 11 located on the inner side, upper chord balls 12 located on the outer side, arranged in an arched pattern, lower chord rods 13 connected between two adjacent lower chord balls 11, upper chord rods 14 connected between two adjacent upper chord balls 12, and web rods 15 connected between the upper chord balls 12 and the lower chord balls 11. The lattice shell 1 is divided into multiple basic units for installation. Each basic unit includes two adjacent pairs of supports 2 and an arched grid 3 between the two pairs of supports 2. The arched grid 3 in each basic unit is assembled from the lower chord balls 11, upper chord balls 12, lower chord rods 13, upper chord rods 14, and web rods 15.

[0023] The installation of each basic unit is carried out as follows:

[0024] First, along the span direction of the basic unit, the lower chord ball 11 at one end of the arched grid 3 is movably set on the support 2 on the corresponding side as the installation support point with its center as the rotation center. The installation support point structure is as follows: Figure 2 That is, first, the support 2 is installed on the bottom foundation; then, the lower chord ball 11 at one end of the arched grid 3 is installed on the support 2 at the corresponding end. The lower chord ball 11 can rotate around its center on the support 2, and the center position of the lower chord ball 11 will not move along the span direction of the basic unit.

[0025] Next, with the installation fulcrum as the starting point, small assembling units are assembled on the ground along the span direction of the basic unit. When the assembly end of the grid 3 contacts the ground, with the installation fulcrum as the rotation point, the assembly end of the grid 3 is lifted at the rear side of the assembly end, and the assembly continues forward until the grid shell is installed to the opposite side support 2 of the entire arch. The small assembling units refer to the lower chord ball 11, upper chord ball 12, lower chord rod 13, upper chord rod 14 and web rod 15 to be assembled. During assembly, first assemble the small assembling units on the lower chord ball 11 serving as the installation fulcrum to the lower chord ball 11 of the installation fulcrum, and then assemble the remaining small assembling units in sequence along the span direction of the basic unit. Assembling small assembling units on the ground along the span direction of the basic unit means that the installation of each segment of the basic unit along its span direction is carried out on the ground, and during the installation process, the installation fulcrum is subjected to force. Due to the ground assembly, the arc-shaped structure of the basic unit will inevitably cause the assembled basic unit segments to touch the ground. In this case, the assembled end of the basic unit segments needs to be lifted off the ground to continue assembly. Since the lower chord ball 11 of the installation fulcrum is movably connected to the support 2, force can be applied to the assembled basic unit segments at this time, causing them to rotate around the center of the lower chord ball 11 of the installation fulcrum, thereby lifting the assembled end of the basic unit segments off the ground. In addition, the assembled basic unit segments are gradually lifted toward the basic unit installation path. Moreover, the lifting height can be controlled so that the assembly of subsequent segments is always carried out on the ground.

[0026] During assembly, the lower chord ball 11 , the lower chord rod 13 , the belly rod 15 , the upper chord ball 12 and the upper chord rod 14 are assembled in this order.

[0027] Finally, the lower chord balls 11 at both ends of the arched grid 3 are fixed respectively.

[0028] The installation process of the basic unit is as follows Figure 6 shown. Figure 6 The serial numbers 1, 2, ..., 29 corresponding to the middle and lower string balls 11 are sequentially numbered according to the installation order of the lower string balls 11, indicating the order in which the lower string balls 11 are installed, and do not mean that there are only 29 lower string balls 11. The number of lower string balls 11 can be more than 29 or less than 29.

[0029] Here, “inside” and “outside” represent relative positional relationships. Along the radial direction of the lattice shell 1 , the side closer to the center of the arch is the “inside”, and the side farther from the center of the arch is the “outside”.

[0030] The present invention discloses an installation method for an arched bolt-ball lattice shell, in which the upper chord ball 12 and the lower chord ball 11 in the lattice shell 1 are both bolt balls, that is, the holes on the upper chord ball 12 and the lower chord ball 11 for connecting with rods such as the upper chord rod 14, the lower chord rod 13 or the web rod 15 are threaded holes.

[0031] The lattice shell 1 is divided into multiple basic units for installation. The bay between two adjacent supports 2 in the entire lattice shell 1 is considered a basic unit. Of course, the grid 3 of the bay is arched. By dividing the lattice shell 1 into multiple basic units and installing them independently, the large unit is reduced to a small size, making installation more convenient, facilitating safety, and avoiding the use of large machinery to a certain extent.

[0032] Since the installation fulcrum is constructed first, and the lower chord ball 11 at one end of the arched truss 3 is movably arranged on the support 2 on the corresponding side with its center of rotation as the installation fulcrum, during the installation process of the truss 3, the installation of the truss 3 is gradually completed by lifting the assembled truss segments 3 and rotating them around the installation fulcrum, so that the basic unit is installed on the ground. During the whole process, there is no need to lift the truss segments 3 off the ground for assembly, which avoids the risk of high-altitude operations and is safer. Furthermore, there is no need to set up more scaffolding, which saves construction period and scaffolding-related costs. Thirdly, during the whole construction process, during the hoisting process, since there is no need to lift the entire truss 3, only the assembled end of the truss 3 needs to be lifted, the requirements for hoisting machinery such as cranes are reduced, which further saves machinery costs. Fourthly, the investment of the installation fulcrum of the present invention makes the requirements for site flatness not high, which can meet the construction requirements of the construction site with restrictions.

[0033] The support 2 can be a block structure with a hemispherical groove, etc. In the present invention, the support 2 includes a base plate 21, on which a base plate 22 with a slot is fixed, and the slot is adapted to the lower chord ball 11; the lower chord ball 11 constituting the mounting fulcrum is movably arranged in the slot of the base plate 22. The base plate 21 is used to connect with the bottom foundation, and it can be pre-buried in the bottom foundation, or it can be placed in the bottom foundation later by anchor bolts, etc. The inner wall of the slot on the base plate 22 fits with the outer wall of the lower chord ball 11, and the inner wall of the slot is arc-shaped. When the lower chord ball 11 is placed in the slot of the base plate 22, the height of the top surface of the base plate 22 is below the center of the lower chord ball 11, which facilitates the installation of the lower chord ball 11 into the slot.

[0034] In order to ensure the firmness and reliability of the installation of the two ends of the basic unit, after the installation of the grid 3 is completed, the lower chord balls 11 at both ends of the grid 3 need to be fixed to prevent them from rotating. Therefore, the lower chord balls 11 need to be fixedly connected to the base 22. The lower chord balls 11 and the base 22 are usually connected by welding. Since the grid 3 is arched, it has a component force along the span direction. In order to constrain it along the span direction, Figure 3 As shown, the lower chord ball 11 and the side foundation 6 are connected together by connecting rods 5 arranged horizontally along the span direction.

[0035] In order to limit the rotation direction of the lower chord ball 11 of the installation fulcrum so that it can only rotate around its center and in the vertical plane where the span direction of the truss 3 is located, preferably, before assembling the small assembly units, a clamp is used to clamp the outer periphery of the lower chord ball 11 of the installation fulcrum from above, and the open end of the clamp is temporarily fixed to the bottom plate 21. The clamp and the bottom plate 21 surround each other to form a doorway that passes through the span direction of the truss 3.

[0036] The clamp can be a wire rope, etc. In the present invention, Figure 5 As shown, the clamp is a U-shaped clamping plate 4.

[0037] The holder 22 can be a cylindrical or square structure with a hemispherical groove in the middle as a slot. However, in order to facilitate production and avoid interference of the holder 22 with the installation of the lower chord rod 13 and the web rod 15 on the lower chord ball 11, it is preferred that Figure 4 As shown, the holder 22 is formed by four identical support plates 22A evenly distributed along the center of the holder 22 ; the inner side of each support plate 22A is in an arc shape adapted to the lower chord ball 11 .

[0038] When the truss 3 is installed far away from the initially set hanging point, the truss 3 can be lowered and the hanging point can be moved. Of course, the lifting method can also be used to increase the hanging points according to the weight of the components until the truss 3 is installed to the opposite side support point of the entire arch. In the present invention, when the truss 3 is assembled to more than 1 / 3, a hanging point is added at 1 / 3 of the truss 3 along the span direction; when the truss 3 is assembled to more than 2 / 3, a hanging point is added at 2 / 3 of the truss 3. The hanging points added at 1 / 3 and 2 / 3 of the truss 3 mainly play the role of preventing the assembled truss 3 from deformation. The hanging point set near the assembly end of the truss 3 has the function of lifting the assembly end of the truss 3 in the initial stage of setting. When the assembly end gradually moves forward, it also plays the role of preventing the assembled truss 3 from deformation. As Figure 6 As shown, the vertical upward black arrow indicates the setting of the hanging point, and the long arrow indicates the assembly order.

[0039] When one basic unit is completed, repeat the steps for the first basic unit to install the remaining basic units until the entire grid shell is installed.

[0040] Because the shape of the grid 3 is complex and the lifting process requires continuous expansion and assembly, in order to ensure the accuracy of the grid 3 assembly, the actual center position of the grid 3's upper chord ball can be measured after the grid 3 is assembled. By comparing it with the theoretical position, the installation deviation of the grid 3 can be calculated. The present invention adopts a prism-free measurement method. The measurement principle is to use a prism-free total station to measure the coordinates of any four points on the upper surface of the upper chord ball (X1, Y1, Z1), (X2, Y2, Z2), (X3, Y3, Z3), and (X4, Y4, Z4). According to the geometric relationship, the following should be obtained:

[0041] (X1-X0) 2 +(Y1-Y0) 2 +(Z1-Z0) 2 =R 2

[0042] (X2-X0) 2 +(Y2-Y0) 2 +(Z2-Z0) 2 =R 2

[0043] (X3-X0) 2 +(Y3-Y0) 2 +(Z3-Z0) 2 =R 2

[0044] (X4-X0) 2 +(Y4-Y0) 2 +(Z4-Z0) 2 =R 2

[0045] Where R is the radius of the measured upper chord sphere.

[0046] The sphere center coordinates (X0, Y0, Z0) can be calculated by the above equations, and compared with the theoretical sphere center coordinates, the error of the grid 3 structure installation can be calculated.

[0047] After the starting arch of the lattice shell 1, that is, the first basic unit, is installed, the subsequent installation can be extended along both sides of the lattice shell 1 and the entire longitudinal direction of the lattice shell 1. In order to ensure that the force of the structure is more reasonable and speed up the installation, two mobile cranes can be used in the actual on-site installation to extend to both ends in two installation work groups simultaneously until the entire lattice shell structure is installed.

[0048] The arch bolt ball lattice shell of the present invention can be a triangular pyramid system, a quadrangular pyramid system and a hexagonal pyramid system arch bolt ball lattice shell.

Claims

1. An installation method for an arch bolt ball lattice shell, wherein the lattice shell (1) comprises a lower chord ball (11) located on the inner side, an upper chord ball (12) located on the outer side, a lower chord rod (13) connected between two adjacent lower chord balls (11), an upper chord rod (14) connected between two adjacent upper chord balls (12), and a web rod (15) connected between the upper chord ball (12) and the lower chord ball (11); characterized in that: The lattice shell (1) is divided into a plurality of basic units for installation, wherein the basic units include two pairs of adjacent supports (2) and an arched grid (3) between the two pairs of adjacent supports (2); First, along the span direction of the basic unit, the lower chord ball (11) at one end of the arched grid (3) is movably mounted on the support (2) on the corresponding side with its center as the rotation center as the installation support point; Next, starting from the installation support point, small units are assembled on the ground along the span direction of the basic unit. When the assembled end of the grid frame (3) touches the ground, the assembled end of the grid frame (3) is lifted at the rear side of the assembled end with the installation support point as the rotation point, and the assembly is continued forward until the grid shell is installed to the opposite side support (2) of the entire arch. Finally, the lower chord balls (11) at both ends of the arched grid (3) are fixed respectively; The support (2) includes a base plate (21), a base plate (22) with a slot is fixed on the base plate (21), and the slot is adapted to fit the lower chord ball (11); the lower chord ball (11) constituting the mounting fulcrum is movably arranged in the slot of the base plate (22); Before assembling the small units, a clamp is clamped on the outer periphery of the lower chord ball (11) of the mounting fulcrum from above, and the open end of the clamp is temporarily fixed to the bottom plate (21). The clamp and the bottom plate (21) surround each other to form a door opening that passes through the span direction of the grid (3).

2. The method for installing an arch bolt ball lattice shell according to claim 1, wherein: When the lower chord ball (11) is fixed, it is necessary to fix the lower chord ball (11) with the holder (22), and use the connecting rod (5) to connect the lower chord ball (11) with the side base (6).

3. The method for installing an arch bolt ball lattice shell according to claim 2, wherein: The clamp is a U-shaped clamping plate (4).

4. The method for installing an arch bolt ball lattice shell according to claim 3, wherein: The card seat (22) is formed by four identical support plates (22A) evenly distributed along the center of the card seat (22); the inner side of each support plate (22A) is in an arc shape adapted to the lower chord ball (11).

5. The method for installing an arch bolt ball lattice shell according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: During assembly, the order of the lower chord ball (11), the lower chord rod (13), the belly rod (15), the upper chord ball (12) and the upper chord rod (14) is sequentially assembled.

6. The method for installing an arch bolt ball lattice shell according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that: When the assembly reaches more than 1 / 3 of the grid (3), an additional hanging point is provided at 1 / 3 of the grid (3) along the span direction; and when the assembly reaches more than 2 / 3 of the grid (3), an additional hanging point is provided at 2 / 3 of the grid (3).

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