Elliptical multi-layer structure sea wave energy friction nano-generator

Abstract

The application provides an ellipsoidal multilayer structure sea wave energy friction nanogenerator, the shell shape is ellipsoidal, and the shell is divided into three layers of inner, middle and outer structures to generate electricity. Each layer of the electricity generating unit generates electricity separately to adapt to different sea conditions. The outer layer structure generates electricity by rolling the film electrode with the raised shell, the middle layer structure generates electricity by separating the arc-shaped electrode plate outside from the inner wall of the middle layer shell, and the inner layer structure generates electricity by rolling the small ball. The structure completes the export of electric energy through the design of the triangular shaft and the electrode, and avoids the situation that the inner layer electricity generating unit is stuck through the design of the buffer spring. The three layers of the electricity generating structure have different weights, the inner layer and the outer layer are light, and the middle layer is heavy. Under the action of the sea wave excitation, relative movement occurs due to the different inertias of the parts, so that electricity is generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ocean energy power generation technology, and in particular to an ellipsoidal, multi-layered wave energy triboelectric nanogenerator. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous depletion of non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels and increasing public awareness of environmental protection, there is a growing desire to alleviate the energy crisis and protect the environment through the widespread adoption and use of clean and renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, and ocean energy. Ocean energy, in particular, has received considerable attention and development due to its abundant reserves and wide distribution. Currently, ocean energy harvesting primarily relies on large-scale wave power generation devices to collect the mechanical energy generated by large waves, while the mechanical energy generated by low-frequency, small waves is rarely harvested.

[0003] Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are devices that convert mechanical energy in the environment into electrical energy through the principles of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction. They offer advantages such as high power density, high efficiency, low weight, and low manufacturing cost. They have unique advantages in harvesting irregular, low-frequency, and dispersed mechanical energy in the environment, which facilitates the harvesting of low-frequency, small-wave ocean energy. Due to the random direction and low frequency of ocean energy, TENGs used for harvesting ocean energy need to be able to harvest ocean energy in multiple directions and under various sea conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a wave energy triboelectric nanogenerator that can adapt to different wave conditions, collect wave energy from all directions, and generate electricity with high efficiency.

[0005] The objective of this invention is achieved as follows: It comprises an inner, middle, and outer three-layer power generation structure. The inner layer power generation structure includes an upper half 9 of an inner layer sphere, a lower half 10 of an inner layer sphere, an inner excitation sphere 11, an inner-middle layer connecting triangular shaft 8, and a limiting spring 7. The lower half 10 and the upper half 9 of the inner layer sphere are positioned and installed via a dovetail groove structure, with triangular holes on them engaging with the inner-middle layer connecting triangular shaft 8. The inner excitation sphere 11 is placed inside to generate electricity through rolling motion, and the buffer spring 7 is sleeved on the inner-middle layer connecting triangular shaft 8. The middle layer power generation structure includes a protruding outer shell 4, an arc-shaped electrode plate 6, a connecting pin 5, a fixing screw 12, and a fixing nut 3. The outer shell 4 with protrusions has holes for cooperating with the connecting pin 5, the fixing nut 3, and the inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft 8. The overall shell is formed by four parts being positioned and screwed together. The arc-shaped electrode plate 6 is hinged to the corresponding space reserved on the outer shell 4 with protrusions through the connecting pin 5. The outer power generation structure includes an outer shell 1 with internal protrusions and a thin film electrode 2. The overall shape of the outer shell 1 with internal protrusions is a proportionally enlarged shape of the middle layer structure after removing the middle bulge. Each part of the outer shell with internal protrusions is connected and fixed by fixing bolts 12 and fixing nuts. The thin film electrode 2 is installed on the internal protrusions.

[0006] The present invention also includes the following structural features:

[0007] 1. The three-layer power generation structure has different weights: the inner and outer layers are lighter, while the middle layer is heavier. Under the excitation of ocean waves, the relative motion of each part due to the different inertia of each part generates electricity.

[0008] 2. The buffer spring 7 serves to limit the movement and provide a return force to the integral ball formed by the lower and upper halves of the inner ball, and the surface of the spring is insulated.

[0009] 3. The inner structure consists of an inner sphere composed of the lower and upper halves of the inner sphere. The electrodes are attached alternately with two poles connected to the same pole at both ends. The connected electrodes are led out to contact the electrodes on the inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft 8. The electrodes in the inner sphere composed of the lower and upper halves of the inner sphere and on the inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft 8 are arranged with two poles spaced apart and the same pole electrodes are connected to each other. No matter what angle the sphere rotates along the axis, it is ensured that the electrodes inside the sphere are simultaneously in contact with the inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft with both positive and negative poles.

[0010] 4. The thin film electrode 2 is a flexible structure that is deformed by the protrusion of the middle layer with the protruding outer shell 4, and makes contact with the inner wall of the inner protruding outer shell 1 to generate electricity; the electrode arrangement on the thin film electrode 2 is divided into a multi-level electrode arrangement.

[0011] 5. The protrusions of the outer shell 4 are identical in each part, forming a central arc-shaped ridge.

[0012] 6. Under the action of ocean waves, the arc-shaped electrode plate 6 is squeezed by the integral small ball formed by the lower half and upper half of the inner small ball, and the arc-shaped electrode plate 6 simultaneously contacts and separates from the inner wall of the outer shell 4 with protrusions to generate electricity.

[0013] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The marine energy harvesting device of this invention is an ellipsoidal triboelectric nanogenerator. The generator comprises an inner, middle, and outer three-layer power generation structure. The inner, middle, and outer power generation structures are nested from the inside out, with each layer's power generation independent of the others. The inner and middle power generation structures are connected by a connecting triangular shaft, and the middle power generation structure is constrained within the outer shell of the outer power generation structure. The inner and middle power generation structures are primarily designed for generating electricity in sea conditions with relatively small wave heights and calm sea surfaces, while the outer power generation structure is primarily designed for sea conditions with large wave heights and significant waves. All three power generation structures are devices that convert the mechanical energy of ocean waves into electrical energy.

[0014] First, the device is waterproofed. After leading out the necessary wires, the entire device is watertight to prevent seawater from entering and damaging the internal power generation units.

[0015] After placing the device in a marine environment, the middle-layer power generation structure consists of a protruding outer shell, an arc-shaped electrode plate, and a connecting pin. Because the middle-layer power generation structure has a larger mass than the inner-layer structure, the inner and middle layers will undergo relative motion under the same wave excitation. Through this relative motion, the inner spheres compress the arc-shaped electrode plate, causing it to rotate around a fixed axis. The two sides repeatedly contact and separate, thus generating electricity through friction. Furthermore, the protruding outer shell of the middle-layer power generation structure has holes that mate with the connecting pin, fixing screws, and the inner-layer connecting triangular shaft. The entire outer shell is composed of four parts, positioned by pin holes and fixed by screws, forming an ellipsoidal shape. Each protrusion on the outer shell is identical, consisting of a central arc-shaped ridge. Multiple arc-shaped electrode plates are hinged to the space reserved on the protruding outer shell via connecting pins. Furthermore, a polytetrafluoroethylene film is adhered to the convex surface of the arc-shaped electrode plates, and copper electrodes are adhered to corresponding positions on the inner wall of the protruding outer shell. These electrodes are extended to the two ends of the middle layer outer shell to collect electrical energy. Furthermore, when the inner layer spheres squeeze the arc-shaped electrode plates to achieve contact separation and power generation, the spheres simultaneously squeeze all the arc-shaped electrode plates to achieve contact separation. Therefore, the middle layer power generation structure can generate electricity synchronously from multiple power generation units, and when conducting electrical energy, the electrodes can be directly connected and uniformly discharged.

[0016] The device generates electrical energy through stimulation from the ocean. This electrical energy is then converted into storable energy by a rectifier circuit, and finally stored in a storage device via a storage circuit. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention after a portion of the outer shell has been removed;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the generator's middle outer shell structure after removing the outer layer structure according to the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the power generation section of the middle-layer power generation structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the inner layer power generation structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the electrodes in the inner triangular shaft section;

[0022] Among them, 1-shell with internal protrusion, 2-thin film electrode, 3-fixing nut, 4-middle layer shell with protrusion, 5-connecting pin, 6-arc-shaped electrode plate, 7-buffer spring, 8-inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft, 9-upper half of inner layer ball, 10-lower half of inner layer ball, 11-inner layer excitation ball, 12-fixing bolt, 13-electrode arrangement diagram. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Combination Figure 1-5 The inner-layer power generation structure of this invention comprises an upper half 9 of an inner-layer sphere, a lower half 10 of an inner-layer sphere, an inner-layer excitation sphere 11, an inner-middle-layer connecting triangular shaft 8, and a limiting spring 7. The lower half 10 and the upper half 9 of the inner-layer sphere are positioned and installed using a dovetail groove structure. The triangular holes on these grooves are clearance-fitted with the inner-middle-layer connecting triangular shaft 8. The inner-layer excitation sphere 11 is placed inside to generate electricity through rolling motion. The buffer spring 7 is fitted onto the inner-middle-layer connecting triangular shaft 8. The buffer spring 7 serves to limit movement and provide a return force to the overall sphere formed by the lower and upper halves of the inner-layer sphere, and its surface is insulated. Inside the overall sphere formed by the lower and upper halves of the inner-layer sphere, the electrodes are alternately pasted, each connected to the same pole at both ends. The connected electrodes are led out and contact the electrodes on the inner-middle-layer connecting triangular shaft 8.

[0025] Inner layer electrode bonding method: The electrodes are arranged in pairs at intervals in the lower and upper halves of the inner layer sphere and on the inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft 8, with the same electrode connected to each other. No matter what angle the sphere rotates along the axis, it is ensured that the internal electrodes of the sphere are simultaneously in contact with the inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft with both positive and negative poles.

[0026] The aforementioned middle-layer power generation structure consists of a protruding outer shell 4, an arc-shaped electrode plate 6, a connecting pin 5, a fixing screw 12, and a fixing nut 3.

[0027] The outer shell 4 with protrusions has holes for mates with the connecting pin 6, fixing screws 3, and inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft 8. The entire shell is formed by four parts being positioned and screwed together, and its overall shape is ellipsoidal. Each part of the protrusion on the outer shell 4 is identical, consisting of a central arc-shaped ridge. Multiple arc-shaped electrode plates 6 are hinged to the pre-reserved spaces on the outer shell 4 via connecting pins 5.

[0028] In the middle layer power generation structure, the arc-shaped electrode 6 is formed by the compression of an integral ball consisting of the lower and upper halves of the inner layer ball under the action of ocean waves. Multiple arc-shaped electrode 6 simultaneously contact and separate with the inner wall of the outer shell 4 with protrusions to generate electricity.

[0029] The outer power generation structure consists of a shell 1 with internal protrusions and a thin-film electrode 2.

[0030] The overall shape of the outer shell 1 with internal protrusions is a proportionally enlarged version of the middle-layer structure after removing the central bulge. It is also divided into four parts, each of which is connected and fixed by fixing bolts 12 and fixing nuts 3. The thin-film electrode 2 is mounted on the internal protrusions.

[0031] The thin-film electrode 2 is a flexible structure that deforms under the pressure of the raised outer shell 4 in the middle layer, and then contacts and separates from the inner wall of the inner raised outer shell 1 to generate electricity. The electrode arrangement on the thin-film electrode 2 is a multi-level electrode arrangement.

[0032] The three-layer power generation structure has different weights: the inner and outer layers are lighter, while the middle layer is heavier. Under the excitation of ocean waves, the relative motion of the different parts due to their different inertia generates electricity.

[0033] This invention provides an ellipsoidal triboelectric nanogenerator. The ellipsoidal triboelectric nanogenerator has an ellipsoidal shape, designed to collect wave energy from multiple directions in ocean waves. It comprises three layers: an inner, a middle, and an outer layer. Each layer generates electricity independently to adapt to different sea conditions. The inner, middle, and outer layers are nested from the inside out, with each layer's power generation independent of the others. The inner and middle layers are connected by a triangular shaft, and the middle layer is constrained by the outer shell of the outer layer. The inner and middle layers primarily generate electricity in calm sea conditions with low wave heights, while the outer layer primarily generates electricity in sea conditions with high wave heights and significant waves. All three layers convert the mechanical energy of ocean waves into electrical energy.

[0034] The inner power generation structure consists of an upper inner sphere, a lower inner sphere, an inner excitation sphere, a connecting triangular shaft, a buffer spring, and electrodes. It converts the mechanical energy generated by the motion of ocean waves in relatively calm waters into electrical energy, which drives the motion of the inner excitation sphere. The upper and lower inner spheres are connected by a dovetail-shaped structure. Electrodes are attached to the inner wall of the inner sphere, and the inner excitation sphere is placed therein. The inner excitation sphere is made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the electrodes are made of copper. The inner sphere has a pre-drilled triangular hole for clearance fit with the connecting triangular shaft. The assembled inner sphere is then fitted onto the connecting triangular shaft through the triangular hole. Buffer springs slide into both ends of the connecting triangular shaft to complete the installation of the inner power generation structure. In the inner power generation structure, the electrodes of the inner sphere are bonded in pairs, extending to the vicinity of the triangular hole. On each side, staggered electrodes of one type are connected, ensuring that electrodes of the same polarity are connected as a single unit without intersecting. Then, the spaced electrodes of the same polarity are extended to the triangular hole. The connecting triangular shaft is made of insulating material with an equilateral triangle cross-section. On each side of the equilateral triangle, two electrodes are arranged that do not intersect, and each adjacent electrode is unique. This design allows the inner sphere to maintain axial freedom of movement with the connecting triangular shaft through clearance fit, while also ensuring that the two electrodes of the inner power generation section are simultaneously connected at any angle of rotation. The device outputs electrical energy through frictional power generation. The buffer springs are installed at both ends of the connecting triangular shaft and on both sides of the inner ball. This serves two purposes: firstly, to prevent the ball from getting stuck at both ends due to its ellipsoidal shape during movement; and secondly, to provide a neutral force to the ball during movement, allowing it to maintain power generation even when the external excitation frequency is too low. The connecting triangular shaft connects to the middle power generation structure via triangular grooves at both ends of the outer shell. The middle power generation structure consists of a protruding outer shell, an arc-shaped electrode plate, and a connecting pin. Because the middle power generation structure has a larger mass than the inner power generation structure, the inner and middle structures will move relative to each other under the same wave excitation. Through this relative movement, the inner ball presses against the arc-shaped electrode plate, causing it to rotate around a fixed axis. The two sides repeatedly contact and separate, thus generating electrical energy through frictional power generation.

[0035] The middle-layer power generation structure has holes on its protruding outer shell for mates with connecting pins, fixing screws, and the inner middle-layer connecting triangular shaft. The overall shell is composed of four parts, which are positioned by pin holes and fixed together by screws, forming an ellipsoidal shape. Each part of the protruding outer shell is identical, consisting of a central arc-shaped bulge. Multiple arc-shaped electrode plates are hinged to the pre-reserved spaces on the protruding outer shell via connecting pins.

[0036] A polytetrafluoroethylene film is pasted on the convex surface of the arc-shaped electrode plate, and copper electrodes are pasted at corresponding positions on the inner wall of the protruding outer shell. The electrodes are extended to the two end ports of the middle layer outer shell to collect electrical energy.

[0037] When the inner layer spheres squeeze the arc-shaped electrode plates to generate electricity through contact separation, the spheres simultaneously squeeze all the arc-shaped electrode plates to achieve contact separation. Therefore, the middle layer power generation structure can generate electricity simultaneously from multiple power generation units, and when conducting electrical energy, the electrodes can be directly connected and uniformly discharged.

[0038] The middle and outer structures are not fixedly connected. Instead, the inner middle structure is placed inside the outer structure, allowing it to move freely within the outer structure to a certain extent.

[0039] The outer structure consists of a shell with internal protrusions and thin-film electrodes. Because the inner middle layer power generation structure has a greater mass than the inner middle layer, the two layers will undergo relative motion under the same wave excitation. During this relative motion, the protruding shell of the middle layer rolls against the thin-film electrodes, creating a contact-separation motion that converts the mechanical energy of the waves into electrical energy. Since the outer layer has a greater mass than the middle layer, and the inner middle layer has a greater mass than the inner layer, power generation is only possible in sea conditions with high wave heights and significant surface waves.

[0040] Furthermore, the outer shell with internal protrusions is a proportionally enlarged version of the middle shell, primarily for structural compactness. It also consists of four parts connected as a single unit by fixing screws and nuts. The internal protrusions of the shell are rib-shaped, used to fix the flexible thin-film electrodes, and each rib divides the power generation area into four sections.

[0041] The thin film is a flexible structure made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The film is rolled by the protrusions of the middle outer shell, and generates electricity through basic separation on the inner wall of the outer shell. Copper electrodes are attached to the inner wall of the outer shell to conduct electrical energy. The copper electrodes are extended to both ends of the outer shell, with each end having its own distinct electrode, conducting electrical energy and storing it through a rectifier circuit.

[0042] In summary, this invention provides an ellipsoidal, multi-layered wave-energy triboelectric nanogenerator. The outer shell is ellipsoidal and consists of three layers: inner, middle, and outer. Each layer generates electricity independently to adapt to different sea conditions. The outer layer generates electricity through rolling between a raised outer shell and thin-film electrodes. The middle layer generates electricity through contact and separation between the outer side of an arc-shaped electrode plate and the inner wall of the middle shell. The inner layer generates electricity through the rolling of a small ball. The structure utilizes a triangular shaft and electrode design to extract electrical energy, and a buffer spring design prevents the inner layer from jamming. The three layers have different weights; the inner and outer layers are lighter, while the middle layer is heavier. Under the excitation of waves, the different inertia of each part causes relative motion, thus generating electricity.

Claims

1. An ellipsoidal, multi-layered wave-energy triboelectric nanogenerator, characterized in that: The device includes an inner, middle, and outer three-layer power generation structure. The inner layer power generation structure includes an upper half (9) of an inner ball, a lower half (10) of an inner ball, an inner excitation ball (11), an inner-middle layer connecting triangular shaft (8), and a buffer spring (7). The lower half (10) and the upper half (9) of the inner ball are positioned and installed through a dovetail groove structure. The triangular holes on them are clearance-fitted with the inner-middle layer connecting triangular shaft (8). The inner excitation ball (11) is placed inside to generate electricity by rolling. The buffer spring (7) is sleeved on the inner-middle layer connecting triangular shaft (8). The middle layer power generation structure includes a middle layer shell with protrusions (4), an arc-shaped electrode plate (6), a connecting pin (5), a fixing screw (12), and a fixing nut (3). The middle layer with protruding outer shell (4) has holes for cooperating with the connecting pin (5), fixing nut (3) and inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft (8). The overall shell is formed by four parts being positioned and screwed together. The arc-shaped electrode plate (6) is hinged to the corresponding space reserved on the middle layer with protruding outer shell (4) through the connecting pin (5). The outer layer power generation structure includes an outer shell (1) with internal protrusions and a thin film electrode (2). The overall shape of the outer shell (1) with internal protrusions is the shape of the middle layer power generation structure after removing the middle protrusion and enlarging it proportionally. Each part of the outer shell with internal protrusions is connected and fixed by fixing screws and fixing nuts. The thin film electrode (2) is installed on the internal protrusions.

2. The ellipsoidal, multi-layered wave-energy triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The three layers of the power generation structure have different weights: the inner and outer layers are lighter, while the middle layer is heavier. When excited by ocean waves, the different inertia of each part causes relative motion, thus generating electricity.

3. The ellipsoidal, multi-layered wave-energy triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buffer spring (7) serves to limit the movement and provide a return force to the overall ball formed by the lower and upper halves of the inner ball, and the surface of the spring is insulated.

4. The ellipsoidal, multi-layered wave-energy triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner structure consists of an inner sphere consisting of the lower and upper halves of the inner sphere. The electrodes are attached alternately with two electrodes connected to the same pole at both ends. The connected electrodes are led out to contact the electrodes on the inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft (8). The electrodes in the sphere consisting of the lower and upper halves of the inner sphere and on the inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft (8) are arranged with two poles spaced apart and the same pole electrodes are connected to each other. No matter what angle the sphere rotates along the axis, the electrodes inside the sphere are guaranteed to contact the inner middle layer connecting triangular shaft with both positive and negative poles at the same time.

5. The ellipsoidal, multi-layered wave-energy triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thin film electrode (2) is a flexible structure. It is deformed by the bulge of the middle layer with protruding shell (4) and makes contact with the inner wall of the inner protruding shell (1) to generate electricity. The electrode arrangement on the thin film electrode (2) is divided into multi-level electrode arrangement.

6. The ellipsoidal, multi-layered wave-energy triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protrusions of the middle layer with the protruding outer shell (4) are the same in each part, forming a central arc ridge.

7. The ellipsoidal, multi-layered wave-energy triboelectric nanogenerator according to claim 1, characterized in that: Under the action of ocean waves, the arc-shaped electrode plate (6) is squeezed by the integral ball formed by the lower half and upper half of the inner layer ball, and the arc-shaped electrode plate (6) simultaneously contacts and separates from the inner wall of the outer shell (4) with protrusions to generate electricity.

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