Integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in driving roadway

Abstract

The present invention discloses an integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in a driving roadway, which includes the following steps: installing a microseismic monitoring device, a water injection pipeline and a ground noise monitoring device to form a microseismic and ground noise monitoring system and a high-pressure water injection control system; turning on the microseismic and ground noise monitoring system through a controller. Before the occurrence of rock burst, the surrounding rock of the driving roadway will deform and undergo minor fracture damage to generate signals. The microseismic and ground noise monitoring system transmits the microseismic signals and ground noise signals to a data collector through a monitoring cable, and the data collector wirelessly transmits the signals to the controller; after receiving the signals, the controller analyzes and processes the risk signals, determines the area where the rock burst is about to occur, and then sends a signal through a waterproof cable to turn on the high-pressure water pump and the automatic control valve on the water injection pipe corresponding to this area, and starts the water injection operation within the risk area. The present invention effectively guarantees the life safety of miners and the long-term stable development of mining enterprises.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of prevention and control of rock burst in coal mines, and particularly relates to an integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in driving headings. Background Art

[0002] Coal is an important pillar and material basis of China's economic industry, and has made great contributions to China's economy. With the exhaustion of shallow coal resources and the high coal consumption, the mining depth of coal mines in China has begun to extend to the deep at a speed of 8 - 25 meters per year. The physical properties and stress environment of the surrounding rock mass in deep coal seams are more complex. At the same time, with the increase in mining intensity, the disturbance range of overlying strata and the dynamic and static loads have increased significantly, resulting in frequent occurrence of impact disasters. Rock burst is a dynamic phenomenon in which coal and rock masses suddenly undergo severe damage due to the instantaneous release of elastic energy. When it occurs, a large amount of coal powder and rock will be ejected, causing serious damage to the mine and casualties. At present, a large number of studies have been carried out on the early warning method for rock burst disasters during the driving process. Water injection softening and pressure relief is an effective method for preventing and controlling rock burst disasters. By injecting water into the surrounding rock of the driving roadway, the stress concentration degree of the rock mass can be reduced, and the risk of rock burst can be eliminated. However, after the impact disaster of the coal seam is warned, it is difficult to quickly start the emergency disaster prevention operation of coal seam water injection, which has become a bottleneck problem restricting the further development of the technology for preventing and controlling rock burst in coal mines. Its essence lies in the lack of a linkage mechanism between impact disaster warning and rapid water injection for disaster prevention, resulting in the inability to connect between monitoring and warning and water injection response, and it is difficult to achieve the purpose of effective disaster prevention. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Aiming at the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention aims to provide an integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in driving headings, which can combine impact disaster detection and water injection softening disaster prevention technologies into one, and can quickly start the water injection response mechanism after detecting and discovering early impact risks, eliminate disaster risks during the gestation stage of surrounding rock impact dynamic disasters, and effectively ensure the safe progress of driving work.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in driving headings, including a controller, a data collector, a high-pressure water pump, a water injection pipe, a microseismic sensing device, and a ground sound sensing device;

[0005] The microseismic sensing device includes an adjusting bolt, an adjusting nut, a bolt baffle, a microseismic sensor, and a conical head. The adjusting nut is screwed onto the upper end of the adjusting bolt. The lower end of the adjusting bolt passes through the bolt baffle and is connected to the upper end of the microseismic sensor through a transmission line. The lower end of the microseismic sensor is connected to the conical head. A protective rod is sleeved outside the microseismic sensor. The protective rod is divided into two sections, which are connected by a diamond-shaped elastic frame. A restoring spring is connected to the lower end of the diamond-shaped elastic frame. The protective rod can perform telescopic movement as the width of the diamond-shaped elastic frame changes. When the diamond-shaped elastic frame expands, it will squeeze the restoring spring to generate elastic force;

[0006] The ground sound sensing device includes a ground sound sensor. A protective cover is sleeved outside the ground sound sensor. Sound insulation materials are filled between the protective cover and the ground sound sensor. The ground sound sensing device is equipped with an anchor rod, and the ground sound sensing device can be directly installed on the anchor rod;

[0007] The integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in driving roadways includes the following steps:

[0008] S1. Install the microseismic monitoring device

[0009] Every time the driving face advances 10 - 15 m, monitoring holes are drilled on both sides of the driving roadway, one on each side. The drilling position is 3 - 5 m away from the driving face. The drilling diameter is 30 - 35 mm, and the hole depth is 3 - 5 m. The two formed monitoring holes are at a 90° angle to the driving direction. After the monitoring holes are formed, the rock residues inside the monitoring holes are cleaned with high-pressure air. The monitoring holes are probed with an installation rod to ensure that the monitoring holes are complete and smooth. The two microseismic sensing devices are installed in the two frontmost monitoring holes, so that the conical head is tightly coupled with the rock mass, and the adjusting nut is tightened to make the diamond-shaped elastic frame expand and press tightly against the inner wall of the monitoring hole, so that the microseismic sensing device is completely fixed in the monitoring hole;

[0010] S2. Layout of water injection holes

[0011] As the driving face advances, one water injection hole is drilled on each of the two sides of the working face. The angle between the formed water injection hole and the driving direction is 12° - 16°. The depth of the water injection hole is 18 - 20 m. After the water injection hole is formed, the rock residues inside the water injection hole are cleaned with high-pressure air. The water injection pipe is placed in the water injection hole, and then the water injection hole is sealed with the mixed cement. The sealing depth is 1.8 - 2.2 m;

[0012] S3. Install the ground sound monitoring device

[0013] As the tunneling face advances, the two microseismic sensing devices are taken out from the upper two monitoring holes and placed in the two frontmost monitoring holes. Anchor bolts are installed in the monitoring holes behind the microseismic sensing devices, with an installation depth exceeding 2 m, and the anchor bolts protrude 20 - 25 cm from the surrounding rock. Cement is injected into the corresponding monitoring holes. After the cement solidifies to completely fix the anchor bolts, the rock noise sensing devices are respectively installed on the exposed sections of the anchor bolts closest to the microseismic sensing devices to receive the sound waves when micro - fractures occur inside the rock mass medium under the action of load.

[0014] S4. Install the microseismic and rock noise monitoring system and the high - pressure water injection control system

[0015] Connect the microseismic sensing device and the rock noise sensing device to the data acquisition instrument through the monitoring cable. The data acquisition instrument is connected to the external controller through wireless transmission signals to form a microseismic and rock noise monitoring system; Connect the water injection pipe to the high - pressure water pump. The high - pressure water pump is connected to the controller through a waterproof cable, and each water injection pipe is equipped with an automatic control valve to form a high - pressure water injection control system.

[0016] S5. Impact risk early warning

[0017] Turn on the microseismic and rock noise monitoring system through the controller. Before the occurrence of rock burst, the surrounding rock of the tunneling roadway will deform and undergo minor fracture damage under the action of stress concentration, generating high - energy low - frequency signals and low - energy high - frequency signals. The signals will spread around with the fracture position as the center and be detected by the nearby monitoring devices. Among them, the high - energy low - frequency signals can be detected by the microseismic sensing device, and the low - energy high - frequency signals can be detected by the rock noise sensing device. The microseismic and rock noise monitoring system transmits the microseismic signals and rock noise signals to the data acquisition instrument through the monitoring cable, and the data acquisition instrument wirelessly transmits the signals to the controller.

[0018] S6. Water injection for disaster prevention

[0019] After receiving the signals, the controller analyzes and processes the risk signals, determines the area where the rock burst is about to occur, delimits the scope of the risk area, and then sends a signal through the waterproof cable to turn on the high - pressure water pump and the automatic control valve on the corresponding water injection pipe in this area, starting the water injection operation within the risk area range, increasing the water content of the surrounding rock in the area, softening the rock mass, releasing the elastic potential energy accumulated inside the surrounding rock, reducing the degree of stress concentration, and thus reducing and eliminating the impact dynamic risk; During the water injection process, the microseismic and rock noise monitoring system continuously monitors the impact risk and transmits the data to the controller; When the rock burst risk is eliminated, the controller sends a closing signal, and the high - pressure water pump and the automatic control valve are closed, and the water injection ends.

[0020] S7. Mobile adjustment of the monitoring system

[0021] After the impact warning is lifted, resume normal tunneling work. When the tunneling face advances another 10 - 15 m, drill two monitoring holes on both sides of the tunneling roadway. Loosen the adjusting nut on the microseismic sensing device. The diamond-shaped elastic frame can retract relative to the inner wall of the monitoring hole under the elastic force of the restoring spring. Pull out the protection rod, remove the microseismic sensing device from the monitoring hole, and then place it in the next monitoring hole for rock burst monitoring.

[0022] In the above solution: The diamond-shaped elastic frame is a diamond structure composed of four support rods, and two adjacent support rods are hinged together. It has a simple structure and is convenient to open or contract.

[0023] In the above solution: The data acquisition instrument is internally equipped with a radio frequency module and is also equipped with a gain directional antenna, which can ensure the rate and stability of wireless signal transmission.

[0024] In the above solution: The rock noise sensor is an external sensor. The protective cover of the rock noise sensor is made of metal material and is coated with polyurethane material on the outside. The sound insulation material filled between the protective cover and the rock noise sensor is glass wool. The external sensor is convenient to be directly installed on the bolt. The metal protective cover has good waterproof effect and sufficient hardness, which can effectively protect the rock noise sensor. Glass wool can effectively reduce the influence of environmental noise during tunneling on the monitoring results of the rock noise sensor.

[0025] In the above solution: The depth of the monitoring hole is 4 m, and the depth of the water injection hole is 20 m to ensure the stable installation of the microseismic sensing device and the water injection pipe.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] It can monitor the rock noise and microseismic conditions of the tunneling surrounding rock in real time. According to the feedback information of the rock noise and microseismic, determine the area where rock burst disasters may occur, and then automatically turn on the high-pressure water pump and the area automatic control valve for area water injection to wet the rock mass, increase plasticity, reduce the stress concentration of the tunneling surrounding rock. Through the intelligent control method, the integration of coal mine rock burst monitoring and early warning and water injection softening disaster prevention is realized, improving the efficiency of disaster prevention and control and preventing the threat to the lives and safety of miners caused by impact disasters; at the same time, the technical equipment saves the labor cost in impact early warning and water injection operations, promotes the construction of an automated and intelligent service system for mine exploitation, and meets the actual needs of safe exploitation of deep coal resources;

[0028] The bolt is used to reinforce the surrounding rock of the roadway together. Bolt construction is an essential process for each roadway construction. The microseismic sensing device used in the present invention is detachable and can be removed from the monitoring hole for reuse after use, that is, the microseismic sensing device is only temporarily installed in the monitoring hole during use. The emptied monitoring hole can be used for installing bolts, that is, the installation of bolts does not require secondary drilling, effectively saving construction costs and construction time. Moreover, the present invention selects a rock noise sensing device that is matched with the bolt and can be directly installed on the bolt, that is, the rock noise sensing device also does not require re-drilling for installation, further saving construction costs and construction time. Description of the Drawings

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the microseismic sensing device.

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rock noise sensing device. Detailed Embodiment

[0032] As Figure 1 —shown in Figure 3, an integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in an excavation roadway mainly consists of a controller 1, a data acquisition instrument 2, a high-pressure water pump 3, a water injection pipe 8, a microseismic sensing device 4, and a rock noise sensing device 5.

[0033] The microseismic sensing device 4 includes an adjusting bolt 41, an adjusting nut 42, a bolt baffle 43, a microseismic sensor 44, and a conical head 45. The adjusting nut 42 is screwed onto the upper end of the adjusting bolt 41. The lower end of the adjusting bolt 41 passes through the bolt baffle 43 and is connected to the upper end of the microseismic sensor 44 through a transmission line 46. The lower end of the microseismic sensor 44 is connected to the conical head 45. A protective rod 47 is sleeved outside the microseismic sensor 44. The protective rod 47 is divided into two sections, and the two sections are connected by a diamond-shaped elastic frame 48. A recovery spring 49 is connected to the lower end of the diamond-shaped elastic frame 48. The protective rod 47 can perform telescopic movement along with the width change of the diamond-shaped elastic frame 48. When the diamond-shaped elastic frame 48 expands, it will squeeze the recovery spring 49 to generate elastic force.

[0034] The rock noise sensing device 5 includes a rock noise sensor 51. A protective cover 52 is sleeved outside the rock noise sensor 51. Sound insulation material 53 is filled between the protective cover 52 and the rock noise sensor 51. The rock noise sensing device 5 is equipped with a bolt 6, and the rock noise sensing device 5 can be directly installed on the bolt 6.

[0035] The integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in an excavation roadway includes the following steps:

[0036] Install the microseismic monitoring device

[0037] Every time the tunneling face advances 10 - 15 m, monitoring holes are drilled on both sides of the tunneling roadway, one on each side. The drilling position is 3 - 5 m away from the tunneling face. The diameter of the drilling hole is 30 - 35 mm, and the hole depth is 3 - 5 m. The two formed monitoring holes are at a 90° angle to the tunneling direction. After the monitoring holes are formed, high-pressure air is used to clean the rock residues inside the monitoring holes, and a mounting rod is used to explore the holes to ensure the integrity and smoothness of the monitoring holes. Two microseismic sensing devices 4 are installed in the two frontmost monitoring holes, so that the conical head 45 is tightly coupled with the rock mass, and the adjusting nut 42 is tightened to make the diamond-shaped elastic frame 48 expand and press tightly against the inner wall of the monitoring hole, so that the microseismic sensing device 4 is completely fixed in the monitoring hole.

[0038] Arrangement of water injection holes

[0039] As the tunneling face advances, one water injection hole is drilled on each of the two sides of the working face. The angle between the formed water injection hole and the tunneling direction is 12° - 16°, and the hole depth of the water injection hole is 18 - 20 m. After the water injection hole is formed, high-pressure air is used to clean the rock residues inside the water injection hole, the water injection pipe 8 is placed in the water injection hole, and then the water injection hole is sealed with the mixed cement, and the sealing depth is 1.8 - 2.2 m.

[0040] Installation of rock noise monitoring device

[0041] As the tunneling face advances, the two microseismic sensing devices 4 are taken out from the upper two monitoring holes and placed in the two frontmost monitoring holes. Anchor bolts 6 are installed in the monitoring holes behind the microseismic sensing devices 4, and the installation depth exceeds 2 m. The anchor bolts 6 expose 20 - 25 cm from the surrounding rock, and cement is injected into the corresponding monitoring holes. After the cement solidifies and the anchor bolts 6 are completely fixed, the rock noise sensing devices 5 are respectively installed on the exposed sections of the anchor bolts 6 closest to the microseismic sensing devices 4 to receive the sound waves when micro-cracks occur inside the rock mass medium under the action of load.

[0042] Installation of microseismic and rock noise monitoring system and high-pressure water injection control system

[0043] The microseismic sensing device 4 and the rock noise sensing device 5 are connected to the data acquisition instrument 2 through the monitoring cable 7, and the data acquisition instrument 2 is connected to the external controller 1 through wireless transmission signals to form a microseismic and rock noise monitoring system. The water injection pipe 8 is connected to the high-pressure water pump 3, and the high-pressure water pump 3 is connected to the controller 1 through the waterproof cable 9. Each water injection pipe 8 is equipped with an automatic control valve 10 to form a high-pressure water injection control system.

[0044] Impact risk warning

[0045] The microseismic and ground noise monitoring system is turned on through the controller. Before the occurrence of rock bursts, the surrounding rock of the driving roadway will deform and undergo minor fracture damage under the action of stress concentration, generating high-energy low-frequency signals and low-energy high-frequency signals. The signals will spread outwards centered on the fracture position and be detected by nearby monitoring devices. Among them, the high-energy low-frequency signals can be detected by the microseismic sensing device 4, and the low-energy high-frequency signals can be detected by the ground noise sensing device 5. The microseismic and ground noise monitoring system transmits the microseismic signals and ground noise signals to the data acquisition instrument 2 through the monitoring cable 7, and the data acquisition instrument 2 wirelessly transmits the signals to the controller 1.

[0046] Water injection for disaster prevention

[0047] After the controller 1 receives the signals, it analyzes and processes the risk signals, determines the area where the rock burst is about to occur, delimits the scope of the risk area, and then sends out a signal through the waterproof cable 9 to turn on the high-pressure water pump 3 and the automatic control valve 10 on the corresponding water injection pipe 8 in this area, starting the water injection operation within the risk area range, increasing the moisture content of the surrounding rock in the area, softening the rock mass, releasing the elastic potential energy accumulated inside the surrounding rock, reducing the degree of stress concentration, and thus reducing and eliminating the risk of impact dynamic force. During the water injection process, the microseismic and ground noise monitoring system continuously monitors the impact risk and transmits the data to the controller 1. When the risk of rock burst is eliminated, the controller 1 sends out a closing signal, and the high-pressure water pump 3 and the automatic control valve 10 are closed, ending the water injection.

[0048] Mobile adjustment monitoring system

[0049] After the impact warning is lifted, normal driving work resumes. When the driving face advances another 10 - 15 m, two monitoring holes are drilled on both sides of the driving roadway. The adjusting nut 42 on the microseismic sensing device 4 is loosened, and the diamond-shaped elastic frame 48 can retract relative to the inner wall of the monitoring hole under the elastic force of the restoring spring 49. The protection rod is pulled out, and the microseismic sensing device 4 is removed from the monitoring hole and then placed in the next monitoring hole for rock burst monitoring.

[0050] Preferably, the diamond-shaped elastic frame 48 is a diamond structure composed of four support rods, and two adjacent support rods are hinged together. The structure is simple and it is convenient to open or contract.

[0051] Preferably, the data acquisition instrument 2 is internally provided with a wireless radio frequency module and is equipped with a gain directional antenna, which can ensure the rate and stability of wireless signal transmission.

[0052] Preferably, the ground sound sensor 51 is an external sensor. The protective cover 52 of the ground sound sensor 51 is made of a metal material and coated with a polyurethane material on the outside. The sound insulation material filled between the protective cover 52 and the ground sound sensor 51 is glass wool. The external sensor is convenient for direct installation on the bolt 6. The metal protective cover has good waterproof effect and sufficient hardness, which can effectively protect the ground sound sensor 51. Glass wool can effectively reduce the influence of environmental noise during tunneling on the monitoring results of the ground sound sensor 51.

[0053] Preferably, the monitoring hole has a depth of 4 m, and the water injection hole has a depth of 20 m to ensure the stable installation of the microseismic sensing device 4 and the water injection pipe 8.

[0054] Embodiment 1

[0055] A total of two microseismic monitoring devices 4 and four ground sound monitoring devices 5 are installed. According to the azimuth, the two microseismic monitoring devices 4 and the four ground sound monitoring devices 5 are divided into the left first microseismic monitoring device, the right first microseismic monitoring device, the left second ground sound monitoring device, the right second ground sound monitoring device, the left third ground sound monitoring device, and the right third ground sound monitoring device; the automatic control valves 10 of the water injection pipes corresponding to the left first microseismic monitoring device, the right first microseismic monitoring device, the left second ground sound monitoring device, the right second ground sound monitoring device, the left third ground sound monitoring device, and the right third ground sound monitoring device are the first automatic control valve, the second automatic control valve, the third automatic control valve, the fourth automatic control valve, the fifth automatic control valve, and the sixth automatic control valve in sequence.

[0056] Turn on the microseismic and ground sound monitoring system through the controller 1. If rockburst occurs between the left first microseismic monitoring device and the left second ground sound monitoring device, high-energy low-frequency signals and low-energy high-frequency signals will be generated in this area, and the signals will spread around with this area as the center. The high-energy low-frequency signals will be detected by the left first microseismic sensing device, and the low-energy high-frequency signals will be detected by the left second ground sound sensing device. The microseismic and ground sound monitoring system transmits the microseismic signals and ground sound signals to the data collector 2 through the monitoring cable 7, and the data collector 2 wirelessly transmits the signals to the controller 1.

[0057] After receiving the signals, the controller 1 analyzes and processes the risk signals, determines that rockburst occurs between the left first microseismic monitoring device and the left second ground sound monitoring device, sends signals through the waterproof cable 9, turns on the high-pressure water pump 3, the first automatic control valve and the third automatic control valve, closes the other automatic control valves 10, injects water into the surrounding rock of this area, increases the moisture content of the surrounding rock of the area, softens the rock mass, releases the elastic potential energy accumulated inside the surrounding rock, reduces the stress concentration degree, and further reduces and eliminates the impact dynamic risk. During the water injection process, the microseismic and ground sound monitoring system continuously monitors the impact risk and transmits the data to the controller 1. When the rockburst risk is eliminated, the controller 1 sends a closing signal, and the high-pressure water pump 3, the first automatic control valve and the third automatic control valve are closed, and the water injection ends.

Claims

1. A disaster prevention method integrating impact warning and water injection pressure relief in a driving roadway, characterized in that: It includes a controller (1), a data collector (2), a high-pressure water pump (3), a water injection pipe (8), a microseismic sensing device (4) and a ground sound sensing device (5); The microseismic sensing device (4) includes an adjusting bolt (41), an adjusting nut (42), a bolt baffle (43), a microseismic sensor (44) and a conical head (45). The adjusting nut (42) is screwed onto the upper end of the adjusting bolt (41). The lower end of the adjusting bolt (41) passes through the bolt baffle (43) and is connected to the upper end of the microseismic sensor (44) through a transmission line (46). The lower end of the microseismic sensor (44) is connected to the conical head (45). A protective rod (47) is sleeved outside the microseismic sensor (44). The protective rod (47) is divided into two sections, which are connected by a diamond-shaped elastic frame (48). The lower end of the diamond-shaped elastic frame (48) is connected to a recovery spring (49). The protective rod (47) can perform telescopic movement along with the change in the width of the diamond-shaped elastic frame (48). When the diamond-shaped elastic frame (48) expands, it will squeeze the recovery spring (49) to generate elastic force; The ground sound sensing device (5) includes a ground sound sensor (51). A protective cover (52) is sleeved outside the ground sound sensor (51). Sound insulation material (53) is filled between the protective cover (52) and the ground sound sensor (51). The ground sound sensing device (5) is equipped with an anchor rod (6), and the ground sound sensing device (5) can be directly installed on the anchor rod (6); The integrated disaster prevention method for roadway heading impact early warning and water injection pressure relief includes the following steps: S1. Installation of microseismic monitoring device Every time the heading face advances 10 - 15 m, monitoring holes are drilled on both sides of the heading roadway, one on each side. The drilling position is 3 - 5 m away from the heading face. The drilling diameter is 30 - 35 mm, and the hole depth is 3 - 5 m. The two formed monitoring holes are at a 90° angle to the heading direction. After the monitoring holes are formed, use high-pressure air to clean the rock residues inside the monitoring holes. Use an installation rod to explore the monitoring holes to ensure that the monitoring holes are complete and smooth. Install the two microseismic sensing devices (4) in the two frontmost monitoring holes, make the conical head (45) closely coupled with the rock mass, and tighten the adjusting nut (42) so that the diamond-shaped elastic frame (48) expands and presses tightly against the inner wall of the monitoring hole, thereby completely fixing the microseismic sensing device (4) in the monitoring hole; S2. Arrangement of water injection holes As the heading face advances, drill one water injection hole on each of the two sides of the working face. The angle between the formed water injection hole and the heading direction is 12° - 16°. The depth of the water injection hole is 18 - 20 m. After the water injection hole is formed, use high-pressure air to clean the rock residues inside the water injection hole. Place the water injection pipe (8) in the water injection hole, and then use the mixed cement to seal the water injection hole. The sealing depth is 1.8 - 2.2 m; S3. Installation of ground sound monitoring device As the driving face advances, the two microseismic sensing devices (4) are taken out from the upper two monitoring holes and placed in the two frontmost monitoring holes. Anchor bolts (6) are inserted into the monitoring holes behind the microseismic sensing devices (4), with an installation depth exceeding 2 m. The anchor bolts (6) protrude 20 - 25 cm from the surrounding rock. Cement is injected into the corresponding monitoring holes. After the cement solidifies to completely fix the anchor bolts (6), the rock noise sensing devices (5) are respectively installed on the exposed sections of the anchor bolts (6) closest to the microseismic sensing devices (4) to receive the acoustic waves generated when microfractures occur inside the rock mass medium under the action of load. S4. Install the microseismic and rock noise monitoring system and the high-pressure water injection control system The microseismic sensing devices (4) and the rock noise sensing devices (5) are connected to the data acquisition instrument (2) through the monitoring cable (7). The data acquisition instrument (2) is connected to the external controller (1) through wireless transmission signals to form a microseismic and rock noise monitoring system. The water injection pipe (8) is connected to the high-pressure water pump (3). The high-pressure water pump (3) is connected to the controller (1) through the waterproof cable (9). Each water injection pipe (8) is equipped with an automatic control valve (10) to form a high-pressure water injection control system. S5. Impact risk warning The microseismic and rock noise monitoring system is turned on through the controller. Before the occurrence of rockburst, the surrounding rock of the driving roadway will deform and undergo minor fracture damage under the action of stress concentration, generating high-energy low-frequency signals and low-energy high-frequency signals. The signals will spread around with the fracture position as the center and be detected by the nearby monitoring devices. Among them, the high-energy low-frequency signals can be detected by the microseismic sensing devices (4), and the low-energy high-frequency signals can be detected by the rock noise sensing devices (5). The microseismic and rock noise monitoring system transmits the microseismic signals and rock noise signals to the data acquisition instrument (2) through the monitoring cable (7), and the data acquisition instrument (2) wirelessly transmits the signals to the controller (1). S6. Water injection for disaster prevention After receiving the signals, the controller (1) analyzes and processes the risk signals, determines the area where rockburst is about to occur, delimits the scope of the risk area, and then sends a signal through the waterproof cable (9) to turn on the high-pressure water pump (3) and the automatic control valve (10) on the corresponding water injection pipe (8) in this area, starting the water injection operation within the risk area, increasing the moisture content of the surrounding rock in the area, softening the rock mass, releasing the elastic potential energy accumulated inside the surrounding rock, reducing the degree of stress concentration, and thus reducing and eliminating the impact dynamic risk. During the water injection process, the microseismic and rock noise monitoring system continuously monitors the impact risk and transmits the data to the controller (1). When the rockburst risk is eliminated, the controller (1) sends a shutdown signal, and the high-pressure water pump (3) and the automatic control valve (10) are closed, and the water injection ends. S7. Mobile adjustment of the monitoring system After the impact warning is lifted, resume normal tunneling work. When the tunneling face advances another 10 - 15 m, drill two monitoring holes on both sides of the tunneling roadway. Loosen the adjusting nut (42) on the microseismic sensing device (4). The diamond-shaped elastic frame (48) can retract relative to the inner wall of the monitoring hole under the elastic force of the restoring spring (49). Pull out the protection rod, remove the microseismic sensing device (4) from the monitoring hole, and then place it in the next monitoring hole for monitoring of rock burst.

2. The integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in driving headings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diamond-shaped elastic frame (48) is a diamond structure composed of four support rods, and two adjacent support rods are hinged together.

3. The integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in driving roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data collector (2) is internally provided with a radio frequency module and is equipped with a gain directional antenna at the same time.

4. The integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in drivage roadways according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ground sound sensor (51) is an externally mounted sensor. The protective cover (52) of the ground sound sensor (51) is made of metal material and is coated with polyurethane material on the outside. The sound insulation material filled between the protective cover (52) and the ground sound sensor (51) is glass wool.

5. The integrated disaster prevention method for impact warning and water injection pressure relief in driving roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of the monitoring hole is 4 m, and the depth of the water injection hole is 20 m.

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