A central air flotation type shallow silo device for reducing classification and crushing

Abstract

The present invention discloses a central air flotation type shallow silo grading and crushing reduction device, comprising: a grain receiving hopper, which is funnel-shaped and is arranged at the center of the top of the shallow silo, and the large-diameter end of the grain receiving hopper is communicated with the grain inlet at the top of the shallow silo; a grain dropping pipe, the upper end of which is communicated with the small-diameter end of the grain receiving hopper, and the lower end extends to the bottom of the shallow silo; the grain dropping pipe includes an inner pipe and an outer pipe, and both ends of the inner pipe and the outer pipe have openings; the outer pipe is fixedly sleeved outside the inner pipe, so as to form an annular channel between the inner pipe and the outer pipe; the inner pipe is a mesh pipe; multiple layers of grain outlets are formed in the outer pipe, and the multiple layers of grain outlets are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the outer pipe; a grain distributor, which is conical and is fixedly arranged in the grain receiving hopper; the tip of the grain distributor faces the grain inlet, the bottom surface of the grain distributor covers above the inner pipe, and the bottom surface diameter of the grain distributor is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer pipe; a fan, which is fixedly arranged in the inner pipe and is arranged close to the upper end of the inner pipe; wherein, the air outlet of the fan faces upwards.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of grain intake and discharge of shallow silos, and particularly relates to a central air-floating type shallow silo device for reducing classification and crushing Background Art

[0002] The grain breakage rate is an important indicator for measuring the storage quality of grains. As a typical silo type for grain storage and logistics in China, shallow silos are widely used for their high degree of mechanization and automation and small floor area. In the early days, during the grain intake operation of silos such as shallow silos, most of the grain was fed into the silo from the top of the silo. The diameter of the round silo is generally 25-30m, and the loading height is about 12-15 meters. After the grain enters the silo from the top grain inlet, it falls to the bottom or the grain surface of the silo by free fall. When the grain falls from a high place through the discharge port or the distribution port of the top conveying equipment of the silo, due to the high vertical drop, high speed and large impact, serious grain breakage and automatic classification occur. Especially in the Northeast region, the crack rate of floury corn kernels after drying is relatively high. Coupled with the high drop and severe impact, a higher increase in breakage occurs. The presence of a large number of broken kernels and powdery materials is prone to phenomena such as moisture absorption, condensation, heating and mildew, constituting a potential risk for grain storage, which is an issue that needs to be focused on during storage. The presence of a large number of broken kernels and powdery materials is prone to phenomena such as moisture absorption, condensation, heating and mildew, constituting a potential risk for grain storage, which is an issue that needs to be focused on during storage. The actual use results show that: after storage and out of the silo, the breakage rate of the grain generally increases by 8%-10%. Especially for the corn after drying by the dryer, the breakage rate increases by up to about 15%, resulting in a decline in grain quality, increased storage difficulty, causing serious economic losses to the operating enterprises, and even affecting the safe storage of grains. Later, chute grain intake on the silo wall and a top distributor or a central pipe were added, but there are still problems of increased classification and breakage. Due to the phenomenon of automatic classification, a large-scale impurity gathering area will be formed in the central part of the shallow silo, seriously affecting the grain quality and being unfavorable for grain storage. It seriously reduces the storage quality and safety of grains and is prone to cause relatively large economic losses. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a central air-floating type shallow silo device for reducing classification and crushing, which uses the reverse air flow generated by a fan to reduce the falling speed of grain particles in the grain dropping pipe, improve the collision between grain particles and the cylinder wall and between grain kernels, thereby reducing the breakage rate of the incoming grain.

[0004] The present invention also cooperates with a grain receiving hopper, a grain distributor and a fan to spread the powdery and miscellaneous particles in the grain to a radius range farther from the center of the shallow silo, while the grain particles fall inside the grain dropping pipe, reducing the automatic classification of the powdery and miscellaneous particles in the stored grain in the silo and forming the phenomenon of a powdery material column.

[0005] The technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A central air - floating shallow silo grading and crushing reduction device, comprising:

[0007] A grain receiving hopper, which is funnel - shaped and is arranged at the center of the top of the shallow silo. The large - caliber end of the grain receiving hopper is communicated with the grain inlet at the top of the shallow silo;

[0008] A grain dropping pipe, which is vertically arranged in the shallow silo. The upper end of the grain dropping pipe is communicated with the small - caliber end of the grain receiving hopper, and the lower end extends to the bottom of the shallow silo;

[0009] Among them, the grain dropping pipe includes an inner pipe and an outer pipe. Both ends of the inner pipe and the outer pipe have openings; the outer pipe is fixedly sleeved outside the inner pipe, so as to form an annular channel between the inner pipe and the outer pipe; the inner pipe is a mesh pipe; multiple layers of grain outlets are arranged on the outer pipe, and the multiple layers of grain outlets are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the outer pipe;

[0010] A grain distributor, which is conical and is fixedly arranged in the grain receiving hopper; the tip of the grain distributor faces the grain inlet, the bottom surface of the grain distributor covers above the inner pipe, and the diameter of the bottom surface of the grain distributor is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer pipe;

[0011] A fan, which is fixedly arranged in the inner pipe and is arranged near the upper end of the inner pipe;

[0012] Among them, the air outlet of the fan faces upward.

[0013] Preferably, the aperture of the mesh holes on the inner pipe is 2 - 2.5 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the upper end of the inner pipe is higher than the upper end of the outer pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the lower end of the inner pipe is fixed on the ground of the shallow silo; a cleaning door is arranged on the side wall of the inner pipe, and the cleaning door is arranged near the lower end of the inner pipe;

[0016] Among them, there is a distance between the lower end of the outer pipe and the ground, so that the lower end of the outer pipe is located above the cleaning door.

[0017] Preferably, an axial - flow fan is adopted for the fan.

[0018] Preferably, the inner wall of the outer pipe is welded to the inner pipe through a support frame.

[0019] Preferably, the bottom surface of the grain distributor is higher than the upper end of the outer pipe.

[0020] Preferably, each layer of the grain outlet includes multiple grain outlet monomers, and the multiple grain outlet monomers are arrayed along the circumferential direction of the outer pipe.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] The central air flotation type shallow silo reducing classification and reducing breakage device provided by the present invention utilizes the reverse air flow generated by the fan to reduce the falling speed of grain particles in the grain dropping pipe, improve the collision between grain particles and the cylinder wall and between grain seeds, thereby reducing the breakage rate of the grain entering the silo.

[0023] The central air flotation type shallow silo reducing classification and reducing breakage device provided by the present invention cooperates with the grain receiving hopper, the grain distributor and the fan to disperse the powder and impurity particles in the grain to a radius range farther from the center of the shallow silo, while the grain particles fall inside the grain dropping pipe, reducing the automatic classification of the powder and impurity particles in the grain in the silo and forming the phenomenon of a powdery material column. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the air flotation type shallow silo reducing classification and reducing breakage device described in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a front view of the grain receiving hopper described in the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a top view of the grain receiving hopper described in the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the grain dropping pipe described in the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0028] The following further detailed description of the present invention is provided in conjunction with the drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the text of the specification.

[0029] As Figures 1-4 shown, the present invention provides a central air flotation type shallow silo reducing classification and reducing breakage device, which mainly includes a grain receiving hopper 110, a grain dropping pipe 120, a grain distributor 130 and a fan 140.

[0030] The grain receiving hopper 110 is funnel-shaped and is arranged at the center of the top of the shallow silo 100. The large-diameter end of the grain receiving hopper 110 is arranged upward and is communicated with the grain inlet at the top of the shallow silo 100. As a preference, the whole grain receiving hopper 110 is made of wear-resistant stainless steel material.

[0031] The grain dropping pipe 120 is vertically arranged in the shallow silo 100. The upper end of the grain dropping pipe 120 is communicated with the small-diameter end (lower end) of the grain receiving hopper 110, and the lower end of the grain dropping pipe 120 extends to the ground at the bottom of the shallow silo 100.

[0032] The grain dropping pipe 120 includes an inner pipe 121 and an outer pipe 122, and both ends of the inner pipe 121 and the outer pipe 122 have openings respectively. The outer pipe 122 is fixedly sleeved outside the inner pipe 121, so as to form an annular channel between the outer wall of the inner pipe 121 and the inner wall of the outer pipe 122. The inner pipe 121 is covered with mesh holes and is a mesh pipe; multiple layers of grain outlets 122a are provided on the outer pipe 122, and the multiple layers of grain outlets 122a are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the outer pipe 122.

[0033] The grain distributor 130 is conical and is fixedly arranged in the grain receiving hopper 110. The tip of the grain distributor 130 is arranged towards the grain inlet at the top of the shallow silo 100. The outer diameter of the inner pipe 121 is smaller than the diameter of the bottom surface of the grain distributor 130, and the bottom surface of the grain distributor 130 covers above the inner pipe 121; and the bottom surface diameter of the grain distributor 130 is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer pipe 122. Such a setting makes the edge of the bottom surface (lower end) of the grain distributor 130 just correspond to the annular channel between the inner pipe 121 and the outer pipe 122. After the grain enters the grain receiving hopper from the grain inlet of the shallow silo 100 of the grain receiving hopper, it slides down along the surface of the grain distributor 130 into the annular channel between the inner pipe 121 and the outer pipe 122, and then enters the granary through the grain outlet 122a.

[0034] As Figures 2-3 shown, in an embodiment, the grain receiving hopper 110 includes: a grain receiving hopper frame 111 and a grain sliding plate 112. The grain receiving hopper frame 111 is a funnel-shaped frame welded by square pipes, and the square pipes forming the funnel of the grain receiving hopper frame 111 are evenly distributed circumferentially. The upper and lower ends of the grain receiving hopper frame 111 are designed with openings. The grain sliding plate 112 is funnel-shaped and is welded by wear-resistant stainless steel plates. The grain sliding plate 112 is fixedly arranged inside the grain receiving hopper frame 111 and is located at the lower part of the grain receiving hopper frame 111. The height of the upper mouth (large-diameter end) of the grain sliding plate 112 is higher than the bottom surface of the conical structure of the grain distributor 130, ensuring that the incoming grain will not overflow from the upper mouth of the grain sliding plate 112 when flowing downward along the conical structure of the grain distributor 130; the lower mouth of the grain sliding plate 112 is flush with the grain outlet of the grain receiving hopper frame 111. Among them, the grain distributor 130 is made of wear-resistant stainless steel material plate, and the bottom of the grain distributor 130 is welded to the grain outlet of the grain receiving hopper frame 111 through square pipes; so that the grain distributor 130 is fixed at the central position of the grain receiving hopper frame 111. By setting the grain receiving hopper frame 111, it is convenient to fix the grain sliding plate 112 and the grain distributor 130, and ensure the fixing strength and stability of the grain sliding plate 112 and the grain distributor 130.

[0035] In an embodiment, the outer pipe 122 is made of wear-resistant metal material, and the outer pipe 122 is composed of multiple sections of metal pipes connected layer by layer. One layer or multiple layers of grain outlets 122a are provided on each section of the metal pipe, and each layer of grain outlets 122a includes multiple grain outlet monomers, and the multiple grain outlet monomers are arranged in an array along the circumferential direction of the outer pipe 122 to ensure the uniformity of grain discharging.

[0036] As a preference, the inner tube 121 and the outer tube 122 are coaxially arranged to ensure the uniform distribution of the grains passing through the grain dropping tube 120.

[0037] The fan 140 is fixedly arranged in the inner tube 121 and is arranged near the upper end of the inner tube 121. Among them, the air outlet of the fan 140 is arranged upward. An upward airflow is generated in the fan 140, which is opposite to the direction of the falling grains. The grains and the airflow flow reversely, reducing the impact speed of the falling grain particles and reducing the breakage rate of the grains.

[0038] As a preference, the fan 140 adopts an axial-flow fan. The axial-flow fan has the advantages of high pressure, large air volume, high efficiency, compact structure, low noise, small volume and convenient installation.

[0039] As a further preference, the upper end of the inner tube 121 is higher than the upper end of the outer tube 122; the upper end of the inner tube 121 extends to abut against the bottom surface of the grain distributor 130, while the upper end of the outer tube 122 is lower than the bottom surface of the grain distributor 130, so that there is a certain buffer distance when the grains fall (into the annular channel of the grain dropping tube 120), preventing the grains from colliding at the entrance of the annular channel of the grain dropping tube 120.

[0040] In one embodiment, the aperture of the mesh holes on the inner tube 121 is set to 2 - 2.5 mm. In actual use, different sizes of the inner tube can be selected according to the grain variety, and the material of the inner tube 121 is made of wear-resistant metal material.

[0041] In one embodiment, the inner tube 121 is composed of a plurality of sections of metal mesh tubes connected. Among them, the fan 140 is fixedly arranged in the uppermost metal mesh tube.

[0042] As a preference, the lower end of the inner tube 121 is fixed on the ground of the shallow silo 100; and a cleaning door 121a is arranged on the side wall of the inner tube 121. The cleaning door 121a is arranged near the lower end of the inner tube 121, that is, the cleaning door 121a is arranged near the ground. The function of arranging the cleaning door 121a is to clean the powder and impurity particles deposited in the inner tube 121 after discharging the grains. Among them, there is a distance between the lower end of the outer tube 122 and the ground, so that the lower end of the outer tube 122 is located above the cleaning door 121a. Such a setting can facilitate the opening of the cleaning door 121a for cleaning the powder and impurities; the grains that first enter the shallow silo can directly flow out from the lower end of the outer tube 122.

[0043] As Figure 4 As shown, in one embodiment, the inner wall of the outer tube 122 is welded to the inner tube 122 through the support 123, so as to realize the fixation of the inner tube 121 and the outer tube 122.

[0044] The working process and principle of the central air-floating type shallow silo grading reduction and breakage reduction device provided by the present invention are as follows:

[0045] 1. Check the grain inlet equipment and start the fan 140.

[0046] 2. Start the external grain inlet equipment in sequence. The grain enters the grain receiving hopper 110 through the grain inlet of the shallow silo. Under the action of the conical grain distributor 130, the grain scatters around and enters the annular channel of the grain discharging pipe 120 along the grain chute plate at the lower part of the grain receiving hopper 110.

[0047] 3. The grain falls along the annular channel of the grain discharging pipe 120 to the bottom of the shallow silo and flows into the shallow silo from the lower end of the outer pipe 122. When the height of the grain in the pipe is higher than the height of the lower end of the outer pipe 122 and reaches the first layer (the layer closest to the ground) of the grain outlet 122a on the outer pipe 122, it naturally flows out along the grain outlet 122a. When the grain surface in the grain discharging pipe 120 increases successively, it naturally flows out along the grain outlets 122a of higher layers.

[0048] Among them, during the process that the grain particles enter the grain receiving hopper 110 and fall along the annular channel of the grain discharging pipe 120, after the air flow enters the fan from the grain outlet 122a, the fan 140 generates an upward air flow. The air flow generated by the fan 140 flows out from the mesh holes of the inner pipe 121 in the grain discharging pipe 120, obliquely upward through the falling grain particles, enters the grain receiving hopper 110 upward, and then enters the space around the shallow silo along the upper end opening of the grain receiving hopper 110. In addition, the fan 140 generates a forced flow to blow the powder and impurities in the grain to the surroundings, reducing the automatic classification phenomenon formed by the particle accumulation due to gravity. Some dust enters from the mesh holes of the inner pipe 121 and accumulates in the inner pipe 121, and can be cleaned through the impurity cleaning door 121a at the lower end of the inner pipe 121 after the grain discharging.

[0049] 4. When the grain surface reaches the loading height, turn off the grain inlet equipment and the diagonal flow fan in sequence.

[0050] The high drop during grain inlet in silos such as shallow silos is the main factor causing an increase in the breakage rate. The flowability of the grain is the basis for automatic classification. Due to the differences in the composition of the grain kernels, such as shape, maturity, impurity type, etc., the components of the formed grain pile have different flowabilities. In this way, during the high-altitude scattering process of the grain, components with similar properties tend to gather in the same part, forming different aggregation areas in the grain pile, causing redistribution of the grain pile components and cracks and breakages caused by grain impacts.

[0051] In the present invention, a grain receiving hopper 110 and a grain distributor 130 are provided at the top of the shallow silo, which can change the direction of the grain flow. Moreover, by generating an air flow with the blower 140, an air flotation effect is produced on the grains, reducing the falling speed of the grains. Also, it avoids the multi-stage impacts of the grain particles with the chute or hopper in the existing device, thereby reducing the increase in breakage caused by the impact of the falling grains. At the same time, after the grain distributor 130 disperses the grain flow, the powder and impurity particles in the incoming grain are diffused to a radius range of 3-5 meters from the center of the shallow silo through the air flow generated by the blower 140, avoiding the final aggregation of the powder and impurity particles at the center of the silo to form a powdery material column and reducing the automatic grading of the grain in the silo. It can improve the ventilation, fumigation, circulation and other effects of the grain in the center of the silo during the later storage process.

[0052] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the field, additional modifications can be easily achieved. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrated and described examples here.

Claims

1. A central air flotation type shallow silo grading reduction and crushing device, characterized in that Comprising: A grain receiving hopper, which is funnel-shaped and is arranged at the center of the top of the shallow silo. The large-diameter end of the grain receiving hopper is communicated with the grain inlet at the top of the shallow silo; the grain receiving hopper is made of wear-resistant stainless steel. A grain discharging pipe, which is vertically arranged in the shallow silo. The upper end of the grain discharging pipe is communicated with the small-diameter end of the grain receiving hopper, and the lower end extends to the bottom of the shallow silo. Wherein, the grain discharging pipe comprises an inner pipe and an outer pipe, and both ends of the inner pipe and the outer pipe have openings; the outer pipe is fixedly sleeved outside the inner pipe, so that an annular channel is formed between the inner pipe and the outer pipe; the inner pipe is a mesh pipe; multiple layers of grain discharging openings are formed in the outer pipe, and the multiple layers of grain discharging openings are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the outer pipe. A grain distributor, which is conical and is fixedly arranged in the grain receiving hopper; the tip of the grain distributor faces the grain inlet, the bottom surface of the grain distributor covers above the inner pipe, and the diameter of the bottom surface of the grain distributor is smaller than the inner diameter of the outer pipe. A fan, which is fixedly arranged in the inner pipe and is arranged near the upper end of the inner pipe. Wherein, the air outlet of the fan faces upwards.

2. The central air flotation type shallow silo grading reduction and crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aperture of the mesh holes on the inner pipe is 2-2.5 mm.

3. The central air flotation type shallow silo grading and crushing reduction device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper end of the inner pipe is higher than the upper end of the outer pipe.

4. The central air flotation type shallow silo grading and crushing reduction device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower end of the inner pipe is fixed on the ground of the shallow silo; a cleaning door is arranged on the side wall of the inner pipe, and the cleaning door is arranged near the lower end of the inner pipe. Wherein, a distance is left between the lower end of the outer pipe and the ground, so that the lower end of the outer pipe is located above the cleaning door.

5. The central air flotation type shallow silo grading and crushing reduction device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The fan adopts an axial-flow fan.

6. The central air flotation type shallow silo grading and crushing reduction device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inner wall of the outer pipe is welded to the inner pipe through a support frame.

7. The central air flotation type shallow silo grading and crushing reduction device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the grain distributor is higher than the upper end of the outer pipe.

8. The central air flotation type shallow silo grading and crushing reduction device according to claim 7, characterized in that Each layer of the grain discharging openings comprises a plurality of grain discharging opening monomers, and the plurality of grain discharging opening monomers are arrayed along the circumferential direction of the outer pipe.

Images