A method for increasing the yield of basic seedlings and effective panicles of regenerated rice in the second season

Abstract

The invention discloses a yield-increasing method for increasing basic seedlings and effective ears of regenerated rice in the second season, belonging to the technical field of rice cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: 7-35 days before the harvest of the regenerated rice, interplanting direct-seeded seeds that have been germinated and broken through the breast, supplementing the basic seedlings of the second season of the regenerated rice, and coordinating measures such as narrowing the crawler track, repeatedly rolling part of the replanting and throwing the seedlings, so as to improve the utilization rate of light, heat, fertilizer and water nutrition, thereby increasing the effective ears of the regenerated rice in the second season, and achieving the purpose of significantly increasing the yield of the second season.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of rice cultivation, and in particular relates to a yield-increasing method for increasing basic seedlings and effective ears of regenerated rice in the second season. Background Art

[0002] Regenerated rice is a rice-growing system that uses the axillary buds on the rice stumps after the first season of rice is harvested to germinate into seedlings. Through scientific field management, the seeds are heading and fruiting, and then another season of harvest is achieved. This is also a cultivation model for double-season rice.

[0003] Regenerated rice has a long history of cultivation in my country. It has the advantages of high daily yield, reduction of fertilizer and pesticides, saving labor and water, reducing labor intensity, increasing production and efficiency. In the southern rice-growing areas where there is excess light and heat for growing single-season rice and insufficient light and heat for growing double-season rice, the development of regenerated rice is an important way to effectively utilize light and temperature resources, improve the multiple cropping index, increase the yield per unit area of ​​rice fields and economic income, and is of great significance to ensuring my country's food security.

[0004] The second season of regenerated rice has a short growth period, fewer light-gathering leaves (even worse for the mechanically crushed parts), and a short vegetative growth period, resulting in short ears and few grains after fruiting. In the early stage of the second season of regenerated rice, when the colony reaches the maximum leaf area, it cannot completely close the rows, and part of the sunlight directly shines on the soil surface, and light and heat resources are not fully utilized. The large spacing between rows and plants not only wastes fertilizer and water nutrients in the soil, but may also lead to overgrowth of weeds. How to supplement the basic seedlings (effective ears) in the gaps between rows and plants and improve the utilization rate of light and heat resources has become a key factor in the high yield of regenerated rice in the second season.

[0005] After the first season of mechanical harvesting of regenerated rice, the machinery directly crushed some rice stumps, affecting the germination and growth of regenerated buds (generally 30-40% loss due to crushing), restricting the increase in regenerated rice yield; although such problems can be reduced in negative impact through measures such as improving agricultural machinery (for example, the track width is changed from 45cm to 50cm to 28cm to 30cm) and post-harvest fertilizer and water management, the crushing of some basic regenerated rice seedlings is still seriously insufficient.

[0006] In many years of rice production practice, we have found that after the early rice of the double-season rice is harvested, the fallen grains do not need to be plowed, and some varieties can still produce heading and fruit after simple weeding. After the first season of regenerated rice is harvested, the fallen grains can take root and grow into seedlings, but due to the unsuitable growth period, they are prone to low temperatures (Cold Dew Wind), making it difficult to produce heading and fruit. However, seeds in the appropriate growth period are sown in the gaps between the rows of the second season of regenerated rice, and they can produce heading and fruit. Repeated experiments have shown that before the second season of regenerated rice is harvested, interseeding appropriate varieties, whether in the gaps between the rows or in the mechanically rolled parts, can greatly increase the basic seedlings. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for increasing the yield of the second season basic seedlings and effective ears of regenerated rice, by interplanting direct-seeded seeds that have been germinated and broken through the breast to supplement the second season basic seedlings of regenerated rice, and coordinating measures such as narrowing the track, repeatedly rolling part of the replanting and throwing the seedlings, so as to improve the utilization rate of light, heat, fertilizer and water nutrition, thereby increasing the effective ears of the second season of regenerated rice, thereby achieving the purpose of significantly increasing the yield of the second season.

[0008] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0009] A yield-increasing method for increasing the basic seedlings and effective panicles of the second season of regenerated rice comprises interplanting direct-seeded rice seeds that have been germinated and broken 7-35 days before the regenerated rice is harvested.

[0010] Furthermore, the interplanted direct-seeded varieties should be selected such that their grain shape, maturity period, and quality are basically consistent with those of the second-season regenerated rice varieties.

[0011] Furthermore, the sowing date of the interplanted direct-seeding variety is determined by calculating upward based on the 95% maturity period of the second season of planted regenerated rice, minus the number of days in the entire growth period of the interplanted direct-seeding variety, which is the sowing date of the interplanted variety.

[0012] Furthermore, the interplanted direct-seeding varieties must undergo seed treatment before sowing, including adding a combination of insecticides, fungicides, plant regulators, beneficial microbial preparations, and water-retaining and drought-resistant agents as a treatment agent.

[0013] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) the present invention improves the utilization rate of light, heat, fertilizer and water nutrition by interplanting direct-seeded seeds that have been germinated and broken through the breast to supplement the basic seedlings of the second season of regenerated rice, and cooperates with measures such as narrowing the crawler and repeatedly rolling part of the replanting and throwing the seedlings, thereby increasing the effective panicles of the second season of regenerated rice, thereby achieving the purpose of significantly increasing the yield of the second season;

[0014] (2) The core technology of the present invention is "interplanting direct-seeded seeds that have germinated and broken through the breast 7-35 days before the first season of regenerated rice harvest". This technology can greatly increase the basic seedlings and effective ears of regenerated rice in the second season, directly increasing the yield by more than 30%. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of interplanting of ratoon rice in the first season (A) and direct seeding of ratoon rice in the second season (B);

[0016] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the second season of ratoon rice (C) and the second season of ratoon rice intercropped with direct seeding (B). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] In order to better understand the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with examples. However, those skilled in the art will understand that the following examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

[0018] A method for increasing the yield of regenerated rice in the second season by increasing the basic seedlings and effective ears, the specific steps of implementation are as follows:

[0019] Step 1: Selection of regenerated rice and interplanting direct seeding varieties:

[0020] 1. Selection of ratoon rice varieties: Choose varieties with strong regeneration ability, heat resistance and lodging resistance, good rice quality and high yield;

[0021] 2. Selection of interplanting varieties: Choose varieties that can be consistent with the maturity period of the second season of ratoon rice;

[0022] Step 2: Field management of the first season of ratoon rice:

[0023] Fertilization management: Apply 50kg of 45% compound fertilizer per mu as base fertilizer in the field, apply 15kg of 45% compound fertilizer per mu as ear fertilizer after the field is sun-dried and re-watered, and apply 10kg of urea per mu as "bud-promoting fertilizer" 7-10 days before harvest;

[0024] Pest and disease management: Scientifically manage pests and diseases to ensure that the grains are full and the branches and leaves are green when the first season of regenerated rice is harvested, and the damage caused by sheath blight, rice planthoppers, and rice stem borer on the stems is reduced to a minimum, ensuring that the regeneration capacity of the rice piles in the first season of regenerated rice is strong;

[0025] Step 3, sowing time: Sowing time of the first season of ratoon rice: Determine the maturity period of the second season of ratoon rice according to the characteristics of the ratoon rice variety, which is consistent with the maturity period of the interplanted direct-seeding variety to determine the sowing period of ratoon rice;

[0026] Sowing time of interplanted direct-seeding varieties: Based on the maturity period of ratoon rice in the second season, subtract the number of days in the full growth period of the interplanted direct-seeding variety (Note: the growth period of direct-seeding is generally 5-7 days shorter than that of transplanting and broadcasting), which is the sowing date of the interplanted direct-seeding variety (the actual operation should be 1-2 days earlier);

[0027] Step 4: Seed amount for interplanting direct-seeded varieties: 1.5 kg per mu for hybrid rice and 5 kg per mu for conventional rice;

[0028] Step 5. Seed treatment of interplanted direct-seeded varieties: Before the first season of regenerated rice is harvested, the interplanted direct-seeded varieties must be treated before sowing. The treatment includes adding a combination of insecticides, fungicides, plant regulators, beneficial microbial preparations, and water-retaining and drought-resistant agents as treatment agents to ensure that during the period from seed germination to seedling formation, the seeds are protected against damage by rice planthoppers, rice thrips, borers, and sunscald; at the same time, chemical control is carried out to strengthen the seedlings, supplement mineral nutrients to promote low-position tillering, and increase the number of strong basic seedlings.

[0029] Choose one of the following specific methods:

[0030] 1. Use 50% prohexadione-calcium WP at a ratio of 1:500 (drug-to-drug ratio) and Zhonghua Baozheng (22% thiamethoxam, 2% metalaxyl-M, 1% fludioxonil) at a ratio of 1:300 (drug-to-drug ratio), dilute with water and coat or mix with seeds;

[0031] 2. Select the soaked or broken seeds and mix them with Dadichun at a ratio of 1:30-50. Leave them for 1-3 hours and then sow them normally.

[0032] Step 6, interplanting and direct seeding: After drying the seeds mixed with medicine and cracked for 2-3 hours, interplant and direct seeding in the rice fields that have not been harvested in the first season of ratoon rice; and set aside some germination seeds for seedling raising in seedling trays, and after the first season of ratoon rice is harvested, throw them into the repeatedly rolled rice piles;

[0033] Step 7, Harvest management of the first season of ratoon rice: Stake height and harvest time: The height and harvest time of the first season of ratoon rice are closely related to the length of the second season of ratoon rice growth period; the earlier the harvest time, the longer the second season of ratoon rice growth period, the lower the stake height (only 20cm can be left), the more regenerated seedlings, the larger the regenerated panicle, and the higher the yield; the longer the harvest time, the shorter the second season of ratoon rice growth period, the higher the stake height (30-35cm), and the smaller the regenerated panicle; When harvesting the first season of ratoon rice, it is required to use a harvester equipped with a grass chopper. The field should be dried 3-5 days before harvesting. When harvesting, try to reduce repeated rolling of the harvester tracks. After harvesting, add running water, and throw the seedlings raised in the previous interplanting into the repeated rolling part to replenish the basic seedlings again. After the first season of ratoon rice is harvested, add running water immediately, and temper the interplanted direct-seeded rice seedlings for 2-3 days. When the seedlings survive, irrigate and water them intermittently, and apply 15 kg of urea and potassium chloride per mu.

[0034] Step 8. Control of diseases, insects and weeds in the second season of regenerated rice: Weeding: 2-3 days after the first season of regenerated rice is harvested, use 100ml of Neomacet (60% butachlor) + 20ml of Linsco·Dan (3% clofopyralid) + 200ml of 30% cyhalofop-butyl to spray in the field to kill weeds; Disease and insect control: After the first season of regenerated rice is harvested, before the seedlings head, use 40ml of Shuanggong 9080 (10% tetrachlorantraniliprole) + 16ml of Bailianglong (10% trifluanid) + 30ml of Dingcan (40% oxadiazine·tebuconazole) + Zhonghuafeng·Shou combination per mu for field spraying to control diseases and insect pests and promote full heading and fruiting.

[0035] The experimental location and time in the following embodiments are:

[0036] Hunan May 1st International Rice Demonstration Farm, Shuangjiangkou Town, Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, March-10, 2021.

[0037] Embodiment 1:

[0038] The seedlings of "Tonliangyou 900" were sown on March 20, and the first season of ratoon rice was harvested on August 14. The rice piles were 35cm high and 667m 2 The actual dry grain harvest was 648.2 kg. On July 20 (25 days before harvest), 5 kg of "Xiang Zao Xian 45" was interplanted with direct-seeded rice and harvested on October 21. The yield per mu increased by 137 kg compared with CK (regenerated rice without interplanting with direct-seeded rice seedlings), and the increase in yield was 46%. The specific experimental data are shown in Table 1.

[0039] Table 1

[0040]

[0041] Embodiment 2:

[0042] "Taiyou 390" seedlings were sown on March 25, and the first season of ratoon rice was harvested on July 28. The rice piles were 20cm high and 667m 2 The actual dry grain harvest was 537.6 kg. On July 20 (8 days before harvest), 1.5 kg of "Lu Liang You 819" was interplanted with direct seeding and harvested on October 12. The yield per mu increased by 181.3 kg compared with CK (regenerated rice without interplanting and direct seeding), and the increase in yield was 55%. The specific experimental data are shown in Table 2.

[0043] Table 2

[0044]

[0045] Embodiment 3:

[0046] The seedlings of "Tsuen Yuen Yue Nong Si Miao" were sown on March 20, and the first season of regenerated rice was harvested on August 5. The rice piles were 25cm high and 667m 2The actual dry grain harvest was 586 kg. On July 23 (13 days before harvest), 1.5 kg of "Lu Liang You 819" was interplanted with direct seeding and harvested on October 18. The yield per mu increased by 229.5 kg compared with CK (regenerated rice without interplanting and direct seeding), and the increase in yield was 81.5%. The specific experimental data are shown in Table 3.

[0047] Table 3

[0048]

[0049] Embodiment 4:

[0050] The seedlings of Huanghuazhan were sown on March 25, and the first season of ratoon rice was harvested on August 10. The rice piles were 30cm high and 667m 2 The actual dry grain harvest was 521 kg; on July 20 (21 days before harvest), 5 kg of "Xiang Zao Xian 45" was interplanted with direct-seeded rice and harvested on October 20. The yield per mu increased by 192.7 kg compared with CK (regenerated rice without interplanting with direct-seeded rice seedlings), and the increase in yield was 96%. The specific experimental data are shown in Table 4.

[0051] Table 4

[0052]

[0053] Embodiment 5:

[0054] The seedlings of Huanghuazhan were sown on March 25, and the first season of ratoon rice was harvested on August 10. The rice piles were 30cm high and 667m 2 The actual dry grain harvest was 521kg; 5kg of “Huang Huazhan” was interplanted with direct-seeded rice on July 6 (35 days before harvest) and harvested on October 20. The yield per mu increased by 64.3kg compared with CK (regenerated rice without interplanting and direct-seeding seedlings), and the increase in yield was 32.1%. The specific experimental data are shown in Table 5.

[0055] Table 5

[0056]

[0057] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the present invention by those skilled in the art. Those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the principles of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for increasing the yield of the second season basic seedlings and effective ears of regenerated rice, characterized in that: The method is to interplant direct-seeded rice seeds that have germinated and broken 7-35 days before the first season of regenerated rice is harvested; the sowing date of the interplanted direct-seeded variety is determined by calculating upward based on the 95% maturity period of the second season of planted regenerated rice, minus the number of days in the full growth period of the interplanted direct-seeded variety, which is the sowing date of the interplanted direct-seeded variety.

2. A method for increasing the yield of regenerated rice in the second season by increasing the basic seedlings and effective ears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intercropping direct-seeding varieties should be selected whose grain shape, maturity period and quality are basically consistent with the second season varieties of regenerated rice.

3. A method for increasing the yield of regenerated rice in the second season by increasing the basic seedlings and effective ears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The interplanted direct-seeding varieties must be subjected to seed treatment before sowing, including adding a combination of insecticides, fungicides, plant regulators, beneficial microbial preparations, and water-retaining and drought-resistant agents as treatment agents.

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