A DC system battery equalization charging management system

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of charging technology and discloses a DC system battery equalization charging management system. A simulated load and an auxiliary charger are connected in parallel across the two ends of a single battery. In this DC system battery equalization charging management system, when the battery pack is recharged, the control module corresponding to each single battery can determine whether the single battery has an overcharge record by using pre-stored charging information in its storage unit. If an overcharge record is found, contactor one controls the normally closed contact to open, disconnecting the current single battery. Simultaneously, contactor two controls the normally open contact one to close, connecting the simulated load to the original charging circuit of that single battery. This avoids the charging current within the battery pack affecting the single battery while ensuring smooth charging of the single batteries within the battery pack. At the same time, the control module controls the second normally open contact to close via contactor three, allowing the auxiliary charger to charge the single battery individually, reducing the lifespan degradation rate of the single battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of charging technology, and more particularly to a DC system battery equalization charging management system. Background Technology

[0002] Storage batteries are essential backup power sources for power plants, serving as the last line of defense for electrical equipment operation. However, existing battery banks have some technical shortcomings. DC battery banks typically consist of dozens to over a hundred individual batteries connected in series. While all batteries in a series-connected bank experience the same current during charging, differences in battery parameters, external environment, and individual self-discharge lead to uneven voltage distribution among the individual cells. Some cells may have excessively high voltages, causing overcharging. Overcharged batteries experience water evaporation and increased internal resistance, resulting in reduced capacity. Undercharged batteries experience coating aging and reduced active material, also leading to capacity reduction. Moreover, once this process begins, the capacity reduction accelerates over time, further exacerbating the inconsistencies in battery parameters. This vicious cycle significantly shortens the lifespan of the battery bank. Therefore, existing DC charging systems for batteries still have room for improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a DC system battery equalization charging management system. By switching individual batteries in the battery pack that are overcharged to an independent power source for individual charging, the lifespan loss rate of individual batteries can be effectively reduced.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0005] A DC system battery equalization charging management system includes a battery bank and a main charger. The battery bank includes multiple individual batteries arranged in series. The positive terminal of the main charger is coupled to the positive terminal of the battery bank, and the negative terminal of the main charger is coupled to the negative terminal of the battery bank. An analog load and an auxiliary charger are connected in parallel across the two ends of each individual battery. The positive terminal of the auxiliary charger is coupled to the positive terminal of each individual battery, and the negative terminal of the auxiliary charger is coupled to the negative terminal of each individual battery. Normally closed circuits are coupled to both the positive and negative terminals of each individual battery. The system has three contacts: a normally closed contact connected to contactor one; a normally open contact connected to the parallel circuit of the simulated load and the individual battery; a normally open contact connected to contactor two; a normally open contact connected to the parallel circuit of the auxiliary charger and the individual battery; and a normally open contact connected to contactor three. A battery monitoring module is coupled to the individual battery, and a control module is coupled to the battery monitoring module. Contactors one, two, and three are all coupled to the control output of the control module, which includes a storage unit.

[0006] The battery monitoring module monitors the charging information of individual batteries and sends the measured charging information to the storage unit of the control module for storage. When an individual battery enters the charging state again, the control module retrieves the pre-stored charging information in the storage unit for analysis. If the charging information contains overcharge information, the control module first controls two normally closed contacts to open via contactor one, then controls two normally open contacts one to close via contactor two to connect the simulated load to the charging circuit of the individual battery, and finally controls normally open contacts two to close via contactor three to allow the auxiliary charger to charge the individual battery separately. Conversely, if the charging information does not contain overcharge information, the control module does not perform the above steps, allowing the individual battery to be charged normally by the main charger.

[0007] Using the above scheme, if an individual battery in the battery pack is overcharged during DC charging, the corresponding overcharge information is stored in the control module's storage unit. When the battery pack is recharged, the control module for each individual battery can determine whether that individual battery has experienced overcharging based on the pre-stored charging information in its storage unit. If an overcharge record is found, contactor one controls the normally closed contact to open, disconnecting the current individual battery. Simultaneously, contactor two controls the normally open contact one to close, connecting a simulated load to the original charging circuit of that individual battery. This avoids the charging current within the battery pack affecting the performance of individual batteries while ensuring that individual batteries within the battery pack can be charged smoothly. At the same time, the control module controls the second normally open contact to close via contactor three, allowing the auxiliary charger to charge the individual battery separately, thereby reducing the lifespan degradation rate of individual batteries.

[0008] Preferably, the control module also includes a comparison unit, which has a preset standard quantity threshold. When the charging information retrieved by the control module contains overcharge information, the comparison unit can compare the previous number of overcharges with the standard quantity threshold. If the number of overcharges is less than the standard quantity threshold, the control module does not need to control the operation of contactor one, contactor two, and contactor three. Conversely, if the number of overcharges is greater than or equal to the standard quantity threshold, the control module controls the operation of contactor one, contactor two, and contactor three.

[0009] By adopting the above scheme, the overcharging phenomenon caused by individual unconventional factors can be eliminated by using the preset standard quantity threshold in the comparison unit, so that the control module can more accurately determine whether a single battery needs to be switched to the auxiliary charger for individual charging.

[0010] Preferably, the control module also includes a charging monitoring unit coupled to the main charger and the auxiliary charger. The charging monitoring unit is used to monitor the charging status of the main charger and the auxiliary charger. When the charging monitoring unit detects that both the main charger and the auxiliary charger have completed charging, the control module first controls the normally open contact 2 to disconnect again through contactor 3 to cut off the auxiliary charger. Then, it controls the two normally open contacts 1 to disconnect again through contactor 2 to cut off the simulated load. Finally, it controls the two normally closed contacts to close again through contactor 1 to reconnect the individual battery to the main circuit of the battery pack.

[0011] Using the above scheme, after the battery pack has finished charging and each individual battery has finished charging, the control module can use a contactor to disconnect the simulated load again and reconnect the individual battery to the original charging circuit of the battery pack, so that the individual battery can continue to function within the battery pack.

[0012] Preferably, a charging data monitoring module is coupled to the simulated load to monitor the simulated charging information when the simulated load is in a simulated charging state. A retrieval module is coupled to the simulated load to send the simulated charging information measured by the charging data monitoring module to the control module. The control module sends the received simulated charging information to the auxiliary charger. The auxiliary charger adjusts the charging parameters according to the received simulated charging information to charge the individual batteries.

[0013] Using the above scheme, the simulated load serves as an equivalent replacement for a healthy individual battery. The data generated during its charging within the battery pack (such as charging voltage, current, and temperature) can be used as standard reference data. The simulated charging information measured by the charging data monitoring module is sent to the control module via a retrieval module. The control module then forwards this information to the auxiliary charger, enabling the auxiliary charger to adjust charging parameters based on the simulated charging information. This makes individual battery charging safer and further reduces the lifespan degradation rate of individual batteries.

[0014] Preferably, when the charging monitoring unit detects that the auxiliary charger is in a power supply state, the battery monitoring module can obtain the charging information of a single battery. If the charging information contains abnormal information, the control module retrieves the simulated charging information obtained by the charging data monitoring module through the retrieval module and sends the simulated charging information to the auxiliary charger.

[0015] Using the above scheme, the auxiliary charger will only call the simulated charging information generated by the charging data monitoring module and adjust the charging parameters of the auxiliary charger when an abnormality occurs during the individual charging process of a single battery. Otherwise, the auxiliary charger does not need to call the corresponding simulated charging information to adjust the charging parameters, thereby reducing system operating costs and making it more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.

[0016] Preferably, the system also includes a central control module and an alarm module. The central control module has a preset quantity threshold. The alarm module is coupled to the central control module. The central control module is coupled to the control module corresponding to each individual battery cell to read the pre-stored charging information in the storage unit. If the number of charging information containing overcharge information is greater than or equal to the quantity threshold, the central control module controls the alarm module to sound an alarm. Conversely, if the number of charging information containing overcharge information is less than the quantity threshold, the central control module controls the alarm module to stop sounding the alarm.

[0017] Using the above solution, when the number of abnormal individual batteries detected by the control module is greater than or equal to the quantity threshold, the main control module can control the alarm module to remind staff to inspect or replace the individual batteries, which is more user-friendly.

[0018] Preferably, if the number of charging information messages containing overcharge information is greater than or equal to the quantity threshold, the main control module sends a shutdown signal to all control modules, so that the control modules control the normally closed switch to open through the corresponding contactor one, thereby cutting off the individual battery. At the same time, the control module does not need to control the operation of contactor two and contactor three, so that normally open contact one and normally open contact two remain in the normally open state.

[0019] Using the above scheme, when the number of abnormal individual batteries detected by the control module is greater than or equal to the number threshold, the individual battery can be disconnected to prevent it from charging, thereby further reducing the life loss rate of the individual battery.

[0020] Preferably, if the number of charging information messages containing overcharge information is greater than or equal to a certain threshold, the main control module controls the main charger to stop operating.

[0021] Using the above solution, when the number of abnormal individual batteries detected by the control module is greater than or equal to the number threshold, the main control module can control the main charger to stop running, which can ensure charging safety, save energy, and is more user-friendly.

[0022] As a preferred option, the warning module is an audible alarm.

[0023] The above solution improves the warning effect of the warning module.

[0024] As a preferred option, the warning module is an luminous alarm.

[0025] The above solution enables staff to clearly identify the warning status of the warning module in low-light environments, making it more user-friendly.

[0026] This invention, employing the above technical solution, achieves significant technical advantages: During DC charging of the battery pack, if an individual battery cell experiences overcharging, the corresponding overcharging information is stored in the control module's storage unit. When the battery pack recharges, the control module for each individual battery cell can determine whether that cell has experienced overcharging based on the pre-stored charging information. If an overcharging record is found, contactor one controls the normally closed contact to open, disconnecting the current individual battery cell. Simultaneously, contactor two controls the normally open contact one to close, connecting a simulated load to the original charging circuit of that individual battery cell. This avoids the charging current within the battery pack affecting the performance of individual batteries while ensuring smooth charging of the individual batteries within the battery pack. At the same time, the control module controls the second normally open contact to close via contactor three, allowing the auxiliary charger to charge the individual battery cell separately, thereby reducing the lifespan degradation rate of individual batteries. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is the system architecture of this embodiment. Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 2 This is the system architecture of this embodiment. Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 3 This is the system architecture of this embodiment. Figure 3 .

[0030] The parts referred to by the numbers in the above attached diagrams are as follows: 1. Battery pack; 2. Main charger; 3. Individual battery; 4. Simulated load; 5. Auxiliary charger; 6. Charging circuit; 7. Normally closed contact; 8. Contactor 1; 9. Normally open contact 1; 10. Contactor 2; 11. Normally open contact 2; 12. Contactor 3; 13. Battery monitoring module; 14. Control module; 15. Storage unit; 16. Comparison unit; 17. Charging monitoring unit; 18. Charging data monitoring module; 19. Retrieval module; 20. Main control module; 21. Warning module. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown in this embodiment, a DC system battery equalization charging management system includes a battery pack 1 and a main charger 2. The battery pack 1 includes multiple individual batteries 3 arranged in series. The positive terminal of the main charger 2 is coupled to the positive terminal of the battery pack 1, and the negative terminal of the main charger 2 is coupled to the negative terminal of the battery pack 1. A simulated load 4 and an auxiliary charger 5 are connected in parallel across the two ends of each individual battery 3. The positive terminal of the auxiliary charger 5 is coupled to the positive terminal of each individual battery 3, and the negative terminal of the auxiliary charger 5 is coupled to the negative terminal of each individual battery 3. Normally closed contacts 7 are coupled to the charging circuits 6 of both the positive and negative terminals of each individual battery 3. A contactor 8 is connected to the normally closed contacts 7. The simulated load 4 and the auxiliary charger 5 are connected in parallel across the battery pack 3. Each individual battery 3 is coupled with a normally open contact 9 in its parallel circuit. A contactor 10 is connected to the normally open contact 9. The auxiliary charger 5 is coupled with a normally open contact 11 in its parallel circuit with the individual battery 3. A contactor 12 is connected to the normally open contact 11. A battery monitoring module 13 is coupled to the individual battery 3. A control module 14 is coupled to the battery monitoring module 13. The control module 14 is preferably a microcontroller. Contactors 8, 10, and 12 are all coupled to the control output terminal of the control module 14. The control module 14 includes a storage unit 15, which is a medium with storage function, including but not limited to flash memory and hard disk.

[0033] In this embodiment, the battery monitoring module 13 monitors the charging information (such as charging current, voltage, temperature, duration, etc.) of the individual battery 3 and sends the measured charging information to the storage unit 15 of the control module 14 for storage. When the individual battery 3 re-enters the charging state, the control module 14 retrieves the pre-stored charging information in the storage unit 15 for analysis. If the charging information contains overcharge information, the control module 14 first controls the two normally closed contacts 7 to open via contactor 8 to disconnect the individual battery 3. Then, it controls the two normally open contacts 9 to close via contactor 2 to connect the simulated load 4 to the original charging circuit 6 of the individual battery 3, so that the battery pack 1 can be charged normally. Finally, it controls the normally open contact 2 to close via contactor 3 to allow the auxiliary charger 5 to charge the individual battery 3 separately, which can both enable the individual batteries 3 to be charged synchronously and reduce the life loss rate of the individual batteries 3. Conversely, if the charging information does not include overcharge information, the control module 14 will not perform the above steps so that the individual battery 3 can be charged normally through the main charger 2.

[0034] To eliminate the low-probability overcharging phenomenon, the control module 14 also includes a comparison unit 16. The comparison unit 16 has a preset standard quantity threshold. When the charging information retrieved by the control module 14 includes overcharging information, the comparison unit 16 can compare the previous number of overcharging events with the standard quantity threshold. If the number of overcharging events is less than the standard quantity threshold, it means that the previous overcharging phenomenon was a low-probability sudden event and was not caused by the performance degradation of the individual battery 3. In this case, the control module 14 does not need to control the operation of contactors 1-8, 2-10, and 3-12. Conversely, if the number of overcharging events is greater than or equal to the standard quantity threshold, it means that the overcharging phenomenon was caused by the performance degradation of the individual battery 3. In this case, the control module 14 controls the operation of contactors 1-8, 2-10, and 3-12 to charge the individual battery 3 separately.

[0035] To ensure that the individual battery 3, which has completed charging, can continue to be used, the control module 14 also includes a charging monitoring unit 17 coupled to the main charger 2 and the auxiliary charger 5. The charging monitoring unit 17 is used to monitor the charging status of the main charger 2 and the auxiliary charger 5. When the charging monitoring unit 17 detects that both the main charger 2 and the auxiliary charger 5 have completed charging, the control module 14 first controls the normally open contact 11 to disconnect again through contactor 3 12 to cut off the auxiliary charger 5. Then, it controls the two normally open contacts 9 to disconnect again through contactor 2 10 to cut off the simulated load 4. Finally, it controls the two normally closed contacts 7 to close again through contactor 8 to reconnect the individual battery 3 to the main circuit of the battery pack 1, so that the individual battery 3 returns to the working state.

[0036] To ensure the safety of the individual battery 3 during the charging process and further reduce its lifespan loss rate, a charging data monitoring module 18 is coupled to the simulated load 4 to monitor the simulated charging information when the simulated load 4 is in a simulated charging state. A retrieval module 19 is coupled to the simulated load 4 to send the simulated charging information measured by the charging data monitoring module 18 to the control module 14. The control module 14 sends the received simulated charging information to the auxiliary charger 5. The auxiliary charger 5 adjusts the charging parameters according to the received simulated charging information to charge the individual battery 3.

[0037] To reduce system operating pressure and energy consumption, when the charging monitoring unit 17 detects that the auxiliary charger 5 is in a power supply state, the battery monitoring module 13 can obtain the charging information of the individual battery 3. If the charging information contains abnormal information, the control module 14 retrieves the simulated charging information obtained by the charging data monitoring module 18 through the retrieval module 19 and sends the simulated charging information to the auxiliary charger 5.

[0038] In this embodiment, a DC system battery equalization charging management system further includes a central control module 20 and an alarm module 21. The alarm module 21 is an audible alarm and / or a visual alarm to enhance its warning effect. The central control module 20 has a preset quantity threshold. The alarm module 21 is coupled to the central control module 20, and the central control module 20 is coupled to the control module 14 corresponding to each individual battery 3 to read the pre-stored charging information in the storage unit 15. If the number of charging information messages containing overcharge information is greater than or equal to the quantity threshold, it indicates that there are too many abnormal individual batteries 3, requiring systemic maintenance or replacement. In this case, the central control module 20 controls the alarm module 21 to sound an alarm to remind personnel. Conversely, if the number of charging information messages containing overcharge information is less than the quantity threshold, it indicates that the battery pack 1 can still be charged by the main charger 2. In this case, the central control module 20 controls the alarm module 21 to stop sounding the alarm.

[0039] In this embodiment, if the number of charging information messages containing overcharge information is greater than or equal to a threshold, the main control module 20 sends a stop signal to all control modules 14, causing the control modules 14 to control the normally closed switch to open via the corresponding contactor 8, thereby disconnecting the individual battery 3 and making the individual battery 3 safer. Simultaneously, the control module 14 does not need to control the operation of contactors 10 and 12, keeping normally open contacts 9 and 11 normally open. At the same time, the main control module 20 controls the main charger 2 to stop operating to save energy and improve user-friendliness.

Claims

1. A DC system battery equalization charging management system, comprising a battery pack (1) and a main charger (2), wherein the battery pack (1) comprises a plurality of individual batteries (3) arranged in series, the positive terminal of the main charger (2) is coupled to the positive terminal of the battery pack (1), and the negative terminal of the main charger (2) is coupled to the negative terminal of the battery pack (1), characterized in that: A simulated load (4) and an auxiliary charger (5) are connected in parallel across the two ends of a single battery cell (3). The positive terminal of the auxiliary charger (5) is coupled to the positive terminal of the single battery cell (3), and the negative terminal of the auxiliary charger (5) is coupled to the negative terminal of the single battery cell (3). Normally closed contacts (7) are coupled to the charging circuits (6) of the positive and negative terminals of the single battery cell (3). A contactor (8) is connected to the normally closed contacts (7). A normally open contact (9) is coupled to the parallel circuit of the simulated load (4) and the single battery cell (3). A normally open contact (9) is connected to the normally open contact (9). A contactor is connected to the parallel circuit of the auxiliary charger (5) and the single battery (3), and a normally open contact (11) is coupled to the normally open contact (11). A contactor (12) is connected to the normally open contact (11). A battery monitoring module (13) is coupled to the single battery (3), and a control module (14) is coupled to the battery monitoring module (13). Contactors (8), (10), and (12) are all coupled to the control output terminal of the control module (14). The control module (14) includes a storage unit (15). The battery monitoring module (13) is used to monitor the charging information of the individual battery (3) and send the measured charging information to the storage unit (15) of the control module (14) for storage. When the individual battery (3) enters the charging state again, the control module (14) retrieves the pre-stored charging information in the storage unit (15) for analysis. If the charging information contains overcharge information, the control module (14) first controls the two normally closed contacts (7) to open through contactor one (8), then controls the two normally open contacts one (9) to close through contactor two (10) to connect the simulated load (4) to the charging circuit (6) of the individual battery (3), and finally controls the normally open contact two (11) to close through contactor three (12) so that the auxiliary charger (5) can charge the individual battery (3) separately. Otherwise, if the charging information does not contain overcharge information, the control module (14) does not perform the above steps so that the individual battery (3) can be charged normally through the main charger (2). The control module (14) also includes a charging monitoring unit (17) coupled to the main charger (2) and the auxiliary charger (5). The charging monitoring unit (17) is used to monitor the charging status of the main charger (2) and the auxiliary charger (5). When the charging monitoring unit (17) detects that the main charger (2) and the auxiliary charger (5) have both completed charging, the control module (14) first controls the normally open contact two (11) to disconnect again through contactor three (12) to cut off the auxiliary charger (5), then controls the two normally open contacts one (9) to disconnect again through contactor two (10) to cut off the simulated load (4), and finally controls the two normally closed contacts (7) to close again through contactor one (8) to reconnect the individual battery (3) to the main circuit of the battery pack (1).

2. The DC system battery equalization charging management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module (14) also includes a comparison unit (16). The comparison unit (16) has a preset standard quantity threshold. When the charging information retrieved by the control module (14) contains overcharge information, the comparison unit (16) can compare the previous overcharge count with the standard quantity threshold. If the overcharge count is less than the standard quantity threshold, the control module (14) does not need to control the operation of contactor one (8), contactor two (10) and contactor three (12). Conversely, if the overcharge count is greater than or equal to the standard quantity threshold, the control module (14) controls the operation of contactor one (8), contactor two (10) and contactor three (12).

3. A DC system battery equalization charging management system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A charging data monitoring module (18) is coupled to the simulated load (4) to monitor the simulated charging information when the simulated load (4) is in the simulated charging state. A retrieval module (19) is coupled to the simulated load (4) to send the simulated charging information measured by the charging data monitoring module (18) to the control module (14). The control module (14) sends the received simulated charging information to the auxiliary charger (5). The auxiliary charger (5) adjusts the charging parameters according to the received simulated charging information to charge the individual battery (3).

4. The DC system battery equalization charging management system according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the charging monitoring unit (17) detects that the auxiliary charger (5) is in a power supply state, the battery monitoring module (13) can obtain the charging information of the individual battery (3). If the charging information contains abnormal information, the control module (14) retrieves the simulated charging information obtained by the charging data monitoring module (18) through the retrieval module (19) and sends the simulated charging information to the auxiliary charger (5).

5. A DC system battery equalization charging management system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes a main control module (20) and an alarm module (21). The main control module (20) has a preset quantity threshold. The alarm module (21) is coupled to the main control module (20). The main control module (20) is coupled to the control module (14) corresponding to each individual battery (3) to read the pre-stored charging information in the storage unit (15). If the number of charging information containing overcharge information is greater than or equal to the quantity threshold, the main control module (20) controls the alarm module (21) to sound an alarm. Conversely, if the number of charging information containing overcharge information is less than the quantity threshold, the main control module (20) controls the alarm module (21) to stop sounding an alarm.

6. The DC system battery equalization charging management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: If the number of charging information containing overcharge information is greater than or equal to the number threshold, the main control module (20) sends a shutdown signal to all control modules (14) so ​​that the control module (14) controls the normally closed switch to open through the corresponding contactor one (8), thereby cutting off the individual battery (3). At the same time, the control module (14) does not need to control the operation of contactor two (10) and contactor three (12) so that normally open contact one (9) and normally open contact two (11) remain in the normally open state.

7. A DC system battery equalization charging management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: If the number of charging information containing overcharge information is greater than or equal to the quantity threshold, the main control module (20) controls the main charger (2) to stop running.

8. A DC system battery equalization charging management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The warning module (21) is an audible alarm.

9. A DC system battery equalization charging management system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The warning module (21) is a light-emitting alarm.

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