An integrated ventilation, cooling, and gas distribution system for a carbonization furnace.

Abstract

The present invention discloses an integrated exhaust, cooling and gas distribution equipment used in conjunction with a carbonization furnace, comprising an exhaust part, a cooling part and a gas distribution part, wherein the exhaust part is connected to the cooling part, the gas distribution part is connected to the exhaust part, a carbonization zone and a heating zone, and the cooling part is connected to the carbonization zone; the present invention adopts an air compressor and a power-free fanless exhaust fan to reduce the use of motors, and simultaneously realizes the three functions of combustible smoke emission, air distribution and biochar cooling, thereby greatly reducing energy consumption, reducing equipment size and reducing equipment cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of carbonization equipment, and in particular to an integrated exhaust, cooling and gas distribution equipment used in conjunction with a carbonization furnace. Background Art

[0002] Traditional carbonization furnaces require electrical equipment such as smoke exhaust fans, air blowers, and circulation pumps or cooling fans required for biochar cooling, which are used for smoke exhaust and biochar cooling. However, the smoke contains wood tar and wood vinegar, which are corrosive and sticky. After the temperature drops, wood tar is easily coked on the wings and center axis of the smoke extractor (exhaust fan, blower). Long-term adhesion will cause it to fail to operate when used again, resulting in the carbonization furnace being unable to be used normally. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an integrated exhaust, cooling and gas distribution device for use with a carbonization furnace, comprising an exhaust part, a cooling part and a gas distribution part, wherein the exhaust part is connected to the cooling part, the gas distribution part is connected to the exhaust part, the carbonization zone and the heating zone 12, and the cooling part is connected to the carbonization zone;

[0004] The exhaust part includes a gas booster 4 and an air duct 5;

[0005] The cooling part includes a spiral cooling discharger 6, a biochar feed pipe 8, a gas guide heat sink 10, a heat pipe 34, a cooling chamber shell 35, an air inlet 7, a biochar discharge pipe 18, and an air outlet;

[0006] The gas distribution section includes a combustible smoke combustion head Ⅰ1, a combustible smoke combustion head ⅠⅠ40, a combustible smoke exhaust pipe 2, a fanless exhaust fan 3, a gas diverter Ⅰ11, a gas diverter Ⅱ36, an excess smoke combustion area 13, an automatic ignition device Ⅰ14, an automatic ignition device ⅠⅠ41, an exhaust gas absorption and purification device 15, a combustion gas pipe 29, and a residual gas pipe 30;

[0007] A biomass feed hopper 19 and a combustible smoke exhaust pipe 2 are arranged at the top of the carbonization zone, a screw feeder is arranged horizontally in the carbonization zone, the biomass feed hopper 19 is directly opposite to one end of the screw feeder, a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the carbonization zone at the other end of the screw feeder, the discharge port is connected to a biochar feed pipe 8, the other end of the biochar feed pipe 8 is connected to a heat dissipation pipe 34, a spiral cooling discharger 6 is arranged in the heat dissipation pipe 34, the biochar feed pipe 8 is directly opposite to one end of the spiral cooling discharger 6, and a biochar discharge pipe 18 is arranged at the heat dissipation pipe 34 at the other end of the spiral cooling discharger 6;

[0008] A plurality of gas guide heat sinks 10 are arranged in an annular shape on the outside of the heat dissipation pipe 34, and a cooling chamber housing 35 is wrapped on the outside of the gas guide heat sink 10. An air outlet and an air inlet 7 are arranged on the top and bottom of the cooling chamber housing 35, respectively. The air outlet is connected to an air duct 5, and the air duct 5 is a curved pipe. A gas booster 4 is arranged at the corner of the curved pipe. The other end of the air duct 5 is connected to a fanless exhaust fan 3. One end of the fanless exhaust fan 3 is connected to a combustible smoke exhaust pipe 2, and the other end is connected to a mixed gas pipe 23. The other end of the mixed gas pipe 23 is branched into a combustion gas pipe 29 and a residual gas pipe 30. The combustion gas pipe 29 and the residual gas pipe 30 A gas diverter Ⅰ11 and a gas diverter Ⅱ36 are respectively arranged inside, the other end of the combustion gas pipe 29 is connected to a plurality of combustible flue gas combustion heads Ⅰ1, an automatic ignition device Ⅰ14 is arranged on the combustible flue gas combustion head Ⅰ1, the combustible flue gas combustion head Ⅰ1 is located in the heating zone 12, a combustible flue gas combustion head ⅠⅠ40 is arranged at the other end of the residual gas pipe 30, an automatic ignition device ⅠⅠ41 is arranged on the combustible flue gas combustion head ⅠⅠ40, the combustible flue gas combustion head Ⅱ40 is located in the excess flue gas combustion zone 13, the heating zone 12 is arranged at the lower part of the carbonization zone, the heating zone 12 and the excess flue gas combustion zone 13 are both connected to the exhaust gas absorption and purification device 15.

[0009] The gas booster 4 includes an air turbocharger wheel 33 and a motor III 32. The air turbocharger wheel 33 is arranged at the bend corner of the air duct 5. The air turbocharger wheel 33 is connected to the motor III 32. The motor III 32 drives the air turbocharger wheel 33 to rotate, so that the air in the air duct 5 is pressurized by the gas booster 4 and becomes compressed air, which comes out from the compressed air port 26 and enters the fanless exhaust fan 3.

[0010] The fanless exhaust fan 3 comprises a fanless exhaust fan chamber 21, a spiral control rod 24, and an annular crack adjustment ring 25. The combustible smoke exhaust pipe 2 and the mixed gas pipe 23 are connected through the fanless exhaust fan 3. One end of the fanless exhaust fan chamber 21 is arc-shaped and connected to the combustible smoke exhaust pipe 2. The other end of the fanless exhaust fan chamber 21 is wrapped around the outside of the mixed gas pipe 23 to form a tapered annular chamber between the two. The tapered part of the tapered annular chamber is hollowed out, and an annular crack adjustment ring 25 is arranged at the hollowed-out part. The annular crack adjustment ring 2 5 and the arc of the fanless air pump chamber 21 form an annular crack 20, one end of the annular crack adjustment ring 25 is provided with two T-shaped grooves, one end of the spiral control rod 24 is a T-shaped structure, the T-shaped structures of the two spiral control rods 24 are arranged in the two T-shaped grooves of the annular crack adjustment ring 25, the other end of the spiral control rod 24 is provided with an external thread, the fanless air pump chamber 21 of the tapered annular cavity and the mixed gas pipe 23 are opposite to each other and the internal thread is matched with the external thread of the spiral control rod 24.

[0011] The gas diverter I11 and the gas diverter II36 have the same structure, and their structures include a flow regulating piston 27, an electric telescopic rod 28, and a fixed rod. The flow regulating piston 27 is an umbrella-shaped structure, and the "U"-shaped end of the umbrella-shaped structure is facing the inlet of the combustion gas pipe 29 or the residual gas pipe 30. The other end of the umbrella-shaped structure is recessed inward, and a rod is arranged in the recessed part and connected to the electric telescopic rod 28. The inwardly recessed structure of the umbrella-shaped structure covers the connection between the electric telescopic rod 28 and the flow regulating piston 27 inside. Due to the gas inertia, the probability of flue gas with certain viscosity and corrosive substances contacting the movable connection and causing the connection to be eroded and adhered is reduced. The electric telescopic rod 28 is connected to the inner wall of the combustion gas pipe 29 or the residual gas pipe 30 through the fixed rod, and the electric telescopic rod 28 controls the flow regulating piston 27 to perform telescopic movement.

[0012] The spiral cooling discharging machine 6 is connected to the motor I9, and the spiral feeder is connected to the motor II17.

[0013] The device further comprises a temperature sensor 37 and a pressure sensor 38, wherein the temperature sensor 37 and the pressure sensor 38 are located in the carbonization zone.

[0014] The equipment also includes a main controller 39, a temperature sensor 37, a pressure sensor 38, an electric telescopic rod 28, a motor II 17, a gas booster 4, a motor I 9, an automatic ignition device I 14, an automatic ignition device I I 41, and a motor III 32, which are all connected to the main controller 39. The main controller 39 is a combination of a conventional commercially available controller and a touch screen display, and is a conventional commercially available product. When the temperature feedback received by the temperature detector 37 at the main console 39 exceeds the target temperature, the flow regulating piston 27 of the gas diverter I 11 in the combustion gas pipe 29 extends forward, forming a narrow channel with the inlet throat of the combustion gas pipe 29 wall, restricting the flue gas flow from entering the heating zone 12 for combustion, and at the same time, the flow regulating piston 27 of the gas diverter II 36 in the remaining gas pipe 30 retracts to expand the airflow channel and guide more gas into the excess flue gas combustion zone 13 for combustion.

[0015] The waste gas absorption and purification device 15 is filled with alkali solution, and a purified gas outlet is arranged at the top of the waste gas absorption device.

[0016] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0017] The present invention adopts an air booster and a power-free fanless exhaust fan to reduce the use of motors, while achieving the three functions of combustible smoke emission, air distribution and biochar cooling, which greatly reduces energy consumption, reduces equipment size and reduces equipment cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the supporting equipment of the movable carbonization furnace in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fanless exhaust fan in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an air booster in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gas splitter in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a structural exploded view of the spiral cooling discharging machine in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0023] In the figure, 1-combustible flue gas combustion head Ⅰ, 2-combustible flue gas discharge pipe, 3-fanless exhaust fan, 4-gas booster, 5-air duct, 6-spiral cooling discharge machine, 7-air inlet, 8-biochar feed pipe, 9-motor Ⅰ, 10-gas guide heat sink, 11-gas diverter Ⅰ, 12-heating zone, 13-excess flue gas combustion zone, 14-automatic ignition device Ⅰ, 15-waste gas absorption and purification device, 16-waste gas discharge pipe, 17-motor Ⅱ, 18-biochar discharge pipe, 19-biomass feed hopper, 20-annular crack, 21-fanless exhaust fan cavity, 22-combustible smoke inlet, 23-mixed gas pipe, 24-screw control rod, 25-annular crack adjustment ring, 26-compressed air inlet, 27-flow regulating piston, 28-electric telescopic rod, 29-combustion gas pipe, 30-residual gas pipe, 31-mixed gas outlet, 32-motor III, 33-air turbocharger wheel, 34-heat dissipation pipe, 35-cooling chamber shell, 36-gas diverter II, 37-temperature detector, 38-pressure detector, 39-main controller, 40-combustible smoke combustion head I I, 41-automatic ignition device I I. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] An integrated device for exhaust, cooling and gas distribution used in conjunction with a carbonization furnace, such as Figure 1 , 2 , 3, 4, and 5, including an exhaust section, a cooling section, and a gas distribution section, the exhaust section is connected to the cooling section, the gas distribution section is connected to the exhaust section, the carbonization zone, and the heating zone 12, and the cooling section is connected to the carbonization zone;

[0027] The exhaust part includes a gas booster 4 and an air duct 5;

[0028] The cooling part includes a spiral cooling discharger 6, a biochar feed pipe 8, a gas guide heat sink 10, a heat pipe 34, a cooling chamber shell 35, an air inlet 7, a biochar discharge pipe 18, and an air outlet;

[0029] The gas distribution section includes a combustible smoke combustion head Ⅰ1, a combustible smoke combustion head ⅠⅠ40, a combustible smoke exhaust pipe 2, a fanless exhaust fan 3, a gas diverter Ⅰ11, a gas diverter Ⅱ36, an excess smoke combustion area 13, an automatic ignition device Ⅰ14, an automatic ignition device ⅠⅠ41, an exhaust gas absorption and purification device 15, a combustion gas pipe 29, and a residual gas pipe 30;

[0030] A biomass feed hopper 19 is provided at the top of the carbonization zone for feeding, a combustible smoke exhaust pipe 2 is provided for exhausting smoke, a screw feeder is transversely provided in the carbonization zone, the biomass feed hopper 19 is directly opposite to one end of the screw feeder, a discharge port is provided at the bottom of the carbonization zone at the other end of the screw feeder, the discharge port is connected to a biochar feed pipe 8, the other end of the biochar feed pipe 8 is connected to a heat dissipation pipe 34, a spiral cooling discharger 6 is provided in the heat dissipation pipe 34, the biochar feed pipe 8 is directly opposite to one end of the spiral cooling discharger 6, and a biochar discharge pipe 18 is provided on the heat dissipation pipe 34 at the other end of the spiral cooling discharger 6;

[0031] A plurality of annular gas guide heat sinks 10 are arranged outside the heat dissipation pipe 34, and a cooling chamber housing 35 is wrapped outside the gas guide heat sink 10. An air outlet and an air inlet 7 are arranged at the top and bottom of the cooling chamber housing 35, respectively. The air inlet 7 is used to enter cold air. The air outlet is connected to the air duct 5. The air duct 5 is a right-angle elbow. A gas booster 4 is arranged at the corner of the right-angle elbow. The other end of the air duct 5 is connected to the fanless exhaust fan 3 (the section of the duct connected to the fanless exhaust fan 3 is relatively short). The gas booster 4 includes an air turbocharger wheel 33 and a motor III 32. The air turbocharger wheel 33 is arranged at the corner of the elbow of the air duct 5. The air turbocharger wheel 33 is connected to the motor III 32. The motor III 32 drives the air turbocharger wheel 33 to rotate, so that the air in the air duct 5 becomes compressed air after being pressurized by the gas booster 4, and comes out from the compressed air inlet 26 to enter the fanless exhaust fan 3.

[0032] The fanless exhaust fan 3 includes a fanless exhaust fan chamber 21, a spiral control rod 24, and an annular crack adjustment ring 25. The combustible smoke exhaust pipe 2 and the mixed gas pipe 23 are horizontally connected through the fanless exhaust fan 3. One end of the fanless exhaust fan chamber 21 is arc-shaped and connected to the combustible smoke inlet 22 of the combustible smoke exhaust pipe 2. The air duct 5 is vertically connected to the fanless exhaust fan chamber 21 of the fanless exhaust fan 3 and is away from one end of the combustible smoke exhaust pipe 2. The other end of the fanless exhaust fan chamber 21 is wrapped around the outside of the mixed gas pipe 23 and a tapered annular chamber is formed between the two. The tapered part of the tapered annular chamber is hollowed out, and the annular crack adjustment ring 25 is inserted into the hollow part. The annular crack adjustment ring 25 enters one end of the fanless exhaust fan chamber 21 and forms an annular crack 20 between the arc of the fanless exhaust fan chamber 21. Two T-shaped grooves are arranged at one end of the node ring 25, and one end of the spiral control rod 24 is a T-shaped structure. The T-shaped structures of the two spiral control rods 24 are arranged in the two T-shaped grooves of the annular crack adjustment ring 25. An external thread is arranged at the other end of the spiral control rod 24. An internal thread is arranged at the opposite position of the fanless vacuum chamber 21 of the tapered annular cavity and the mixed gas pipe 23, and the internal thread matches the external thread of the spiral control rod 24; the size of the annular crack 20 formed between the annular crack adjustment ring 25 and the fanless vacuum chamber 21 can be adjusted by rotating the spiral control rod 24, and the suction size of the fanless vacuum chamber 3 can be adjusted. The arc tip in the fanless vacuum chamber 21 is located inside the fanless vacuum chamber 21 and points to one end of the mixed gas pipe 23, which is conducive to the compressed air flowing toward one end of the mixed gas pipe 23;

[0033] The mixed gas outlet 31 at the other end of the mixed gas pipe 23 is branched into a combustion gas pipe 29 and a residual gas pipe 30. A gas diverter Ⅰ11 and a gas diverter Ⅱ36 are respectively arranged in the combustion gas pipe 29 and the residual gas pipe 30. After the gas diverter Ⅰ11 in the combustion gas pipe 29 comes out, the other end is connected to a plurality of combustible flue gas burners Ⅰ1. An automatic ignition device Ⅰ14 is arranged on the combustible flue gas burner Ⅰ1. The combustible flue gas burner Ⅰ1 is located in the heating zone 12. After the gas diverter Ⅱ36 in the residual gas pipe 30 comes out, the other end is arranged A combustible flue gas combustion head ⅠⅠ40 is provided with an automatic ignition device ⅠⅠ41, the combustible flue gas combustion head ⅠⅠ40 is located in the excess flue gas combustion zone 13, the heating zone 12 is provided at the lower part of the carbonization zone, the heating zone 12 is connected to the exhaust gas absorption and purification device 15 through the exhaust gas discharge pipe 16, the excess flue gas combustion zone 13 is also connected to the exhaust gas absorption and purification device 15, the exhaust gas absorption and purification device 15 is filled with alkali liquid (sodium hydroxide solution, etc.) for absorbing acidic gas, and a purified gas outlet is provided at the top of the exhaust gas absorption device 15;

[0034] The structure of the gas diverter I11 is the same as that of the gas diverter II36, and the structure includes a flow regulating piston 27, an electric telescopic rod 28, and a fixed rod. The flow regulating piston 27 is an umbrella-shaped structure, and the "U"-shaped end of the umbrella-shaped structure is facing the inlet of the combustion gas pipe 29 or the residual gas pipe 30. The other end of the umbrella-shaped structure is recessed inwardly, and a rod is arranged in the recessed part and connected to the electric telescopic rod 28. The inwardly recessed structure of the umbrella-shaped structure covers the connection between the electric telescopic rod 28 and the flow regulating piston 27 inside. Due to the inertia of the gas, the probability of the flue gas with certain viscosity and corrosive substances contacting the movable connection and causing the connection to be corroded and adhered is reduced. The electric telescopic rod 28 is connected to the inner wall of the combustion gas pipe 29 or the residual gas pipe 30 through the fixed rod. The electric telescopic rod 28 controls the flow regulating piston 27 to perform telescopic movement to adjust the air intake; the spiral cooling discharger 6 is connected to the motor I9, and the spiral feeder is connected to the motor II17.

[0035] A temperature sensor 37 and a pressure sensor 38 are provided in the carbonization zone to monitor the temperature and pressure.

[0036] The method of using the device in this embodiment is as follows:

[0037] The biomass straw particles enter the carbonization chamber from the hopper 19 for carbonization. The heating zone 12 initially burns natural gas to heat the carbonization zone. The combustible gas produced in the carbonization zone enters the combustible gas discharge pipe 2. The biochar produced in the carbonization chamber enters the spiral cooling discharger 6 in the heat dissipation pipe 34 from the biochar feed pipe 8 for cooling. The gas booster 4 starts to operate, so that cold air enters the heat dissipation interlayer of the spiral cooling discharger 6 from the air inlet 7. The cold air exchanges heat with the heat dissipation pipe 34 and the gas guide heat dissipation plate 10 thereon, thereby cooling the biochar and The biochar is heated by itself, and the biochar is discharged from the biochar discharge pipe 18 after being cooled. The hot air enters the air compressor 4 from the air duct 5. The air is pressurized under the action of the air turbocharger wheel 33. The compressed air enters the inner cavity 21 of the fanless exhaust fan from the compressed air inlet 26, and passes through the annular crack 20. The air flow speed increases and changes direction at the annular crack 20. The high-speed airflow forms a negative pressure area near the annular crack 20. Under the action of the positive pressure of the flue gas in the carbonization area, the combustible gas in the carbonization area is pressed into the combustible flue gas inlet 22. After mixing with the air flow in the exhaust fan 3, it enters the mixed gas pipe 23. The annular crack adjustment ring 25 is controlled by rotating the spiral control rod 24 to increase and decrease the gap size of the annular crack 20. Within a certain range, the smaller the gap, the greater the suction force and the higher the energy consumption. The gas pressure in the carbonization zone is monitored by the pressure sensor 38. If the gas pressure increases or is too high, it means that the gas production is large or the smoke accumulates too much. In this case, the gap of the annular crack 20 is reduced to increase the suction rate. The opening at the flow regulating piston 27 is adjusted by the electric telescopic rod 28. The size of the mixed gas is adjusted to flow to the combustion gas pipe 29 and the residual gas pipe 30, and the mixed gas enters the combustible flue gas combustion head Ⅰ1 in the heating zone 12 for combustion and heating. The temperature sensor 37 monitors the temperature of the carbonization zone. The temperature of the carbonization zone is adjusted by controlling the mixed gas flow rate. If the temperature is too high, it is necessary to reduce the gas combustion amount in the heating zone 12, and the excess flue gas enters the excess flue gas combustion zone 13 for combustion. The exhaust gas generated in the heating zone 12 and the excess flue gas combustion zone 13 enters the exhaust gas absorption and purification device 15, and is discharged into the atmosphere after purification.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] An integrated device for exhaust, cooling and gas distribution for use with an automatically controllable carbonization furnace. On the basis of Example 1, the device also includes a main controller 39, a temperature sensor 37, a pressure sensor 38, an electric telescopic rod 28, a motor II 17, a gas booster 4 (motor III 32), a motor I 9, an automatic ignition device I 14, an automatic ignition device I I 41, and a motor III 32 are all connected to the main controller 39. The main controller 39 is a combination of a conventional commercially available controller and a touch screen display, which is a conventional product, such as a Siemens touch screen. Touch screen -6AV6648-0CC; When the temperature feedback from the temperature detector 37 received at the main console 39 exceeds the target temperature, the flow regulating piston 27 of the gas diverter Ⅰ11 in the combustion gas pipe 29 extends forward to form a narrow channel with the inlet throat of the combustion gas pipe 29 wall, restricting the flue gas flow from entering the heating zone 12 for combustion. At the same time, the flow regulating piston 27 of the gas diverter Ⅱ36 in the remaining gas pipe 30 retracts to expand the airflow channel and guide more gas into the excess flue gas combustion zone 13 for combustion.

[0040] The device of this embodiment realizes automatic control based on the embodiment 1, and the specific use method is as follows:

[0041] The biomass straw particles enter the carbonization chamber from the hopper 19 for carbonization. The heating zone 12 initially burns natural gas to heat the carbonization zone. The combustible gas generated in the carbonization zone enters the combustible gas discharge pipe 2. The biochar generated in the carbonization chamber enters the spiral cooling discharger 6 in the heat dissipation pipe 34 from the biochar feed pipe 8 for cooling. The gas booster 4 starts to operate, so that cold air enters the heat dissipation interlayer of the spiral cooling discharger 6 from the air inlet 7. The cold air exchanges heat with the heat dissipation pipe 34 and the gas guide heat dissipation plate 10 thereon, thereby cooling the biochar and heating itself. The cooled biochar is discharged from the heat dissipation pipe 34. The biochar discharge pipe 18 discharges the material, and the hot air enters the air booster 4 from the air duct 5. The air is pressurized under the action of the air turbocharger wheel 33, and the compressed air enters the inner cavity 21 of the fanless exhauster from the compressed air inlet 26. The air flow passes through the annular crack 20, and the flow velocity of the air flow increases and changes direction at the annular crack 20. The high-speed air flow forms a negative pressure area near the annular crack 20. Under the action of the positive pressure of the flue gas in the carbonization area, the combustible gas in the carbonization area is pressed into the combustible flue gas inlet 22, and after mixing with the air flow in the fanless exhauster 3, it enters the mixed gas pipe 23 and is rotated. The movable spiral control rod 24 controls the movement of the annular crack adjustment ring 25 to increase and decrease the gap size of the annular crack 20. Within a certain range, the smaller the gap, the greater the suction force and the higher the energy consumption. The gas pressure in the carbonization zone is monitored by the pressure sensor 38, and the signal is fed back to the main controller 39. The increase or too high gas pressure indicates that the gas output is large or the flue gas accumulates too much. The staff adjusts the screwing depth of the spiral control rod 24, thereby reducing the gap of the annular crack 20 and increasing the suction rate. Then the main controller 39 adjusts the opening of the flow regulating piston 27 through the electric telescopic rod 28. The size of the mixed gas is adjusted to adjust the flow rate of the mixed gas to the combustion gas pipe 29 and the residual gas pipe 30, and the mixed gas enters the combustible flue gas combustion head Ⅰ1 in the heating zone 12 for combustion and heating. The temperature sensor 37 monitors the temperature of the carbonization zone and feeds the signal back to the main controller 39. The temperature of the carbonization zone is adjusted by controlling the flow rate of the mixed gas. If the temperature is too high, it is necessary to reduce the gas combustion amount in the heating zone 12, and the excess flue gas enters the excess flue gas combustion zone 13 for combustion. The exhaust gas generated in the heating zone 12 and the excess flue gas combustion zone 13 enters the exhaust gas absorption and purification device 15, and is discharged into the atmosphere after purification.

Claims

1. An integrated device for exhaust, cooling and gas distribution used in conjunction with a carbonization furnace, characterized in that: It includes an exhaust part, a cooling part and a gas distribution part, the exhaust part is connected to the cooling part, the gas distribution part is connected to the exhaust part, the carbonization zone and the heating zone, and the cooling part is connected to the carbonization zone; The ventilation section includes a gas booster and air ducts; The cooling part includes a spiral cooling discharger, a biochar feed pipe, a gas guide heat sink, a heat pipe, a cooling chamber shell, an air inlet, a biochar discharge pipe and an air outlet; The gas distribution section includes a combustible smoke combustion head I, a combustible smoke combustion head II, a combustible smoke discharge pipe, a fanless exhaust fan, a gas diverter I, a gas diverter II, an excess smoke combustion area, an automatic ignition device I, an automatic ignition device II, an exhaust gas absorption and purification device, a combustion gas pipe and a residual gas pipe; A biomass feed hopper and a combustible smoke exhaust pipe are arranged at the top of the carbonization zone, a screw feeder is arranged horizontally in the carbonization zone, the biomass feed hopper is directly opposite to one end of the screw feeder, a discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the carbonization zone at the other end of the screw feeder, the discharge port is connected to a biochar feed pipe, the other end of the biochar feed pipe is connected to a heat dissipation pipe, a spiral cooling discharger is arranged in the heat dissipation pipe, the biochar feed pipe is directly opposite to one end of the spiral cooling discharger, and a biochar discharge pipe is arranged at the heat dissipation pipe at the other end of the spiral cooling discharger; A plurality of gas guide heat sinks are arranged in a ring outside the heat dissipation pipe, and the outside of the gas guide heat sink is wrapped with the outer shell of the cooling chamber. The top and bottom of the cooling chamber outer shell are respectively provided with an air outlet and an air inlet. The air outlet is connected to an air duct. The air duct is a curved pipe. A gas booster is arranged at the corner of the curved pipe. The other end of the air duct is connected to a fanless exhaust fan. One end of the fanless exhaust fan is connected to a combustible smoke exhaust pipe, and the other end is connected to a mixed gas pipe. The other end of the mixed gas pipe is branched into a combustion gas pipe and a residual gas pipe. The combustion gas pipe and the residual A gas diverter I and a gas diverter II are respectively arranged in the gas pipe, a plurality of combustible flue gas combustion heads I are connected to the other end of the combustion gas pipe, an automatic ignition device I is arranged on the combustible flue gas combustion head I, and the combustible flue gas combustion head I is located in the heating zone, a combustible flue gas combustion head II is arranged at the other end of the residual gas pipe, an automatic ignition device II is arranged on the combustible flue gas combustion head II, and the combustible flue gas combustion head II is located in the excess flue gas combustion zone, the heating zone is arranged at the lower part of the carbonization zone, and the heating zone and the excess flue gas combustion zone are both connected to the exhaust gas absorption and purification device; The fanless vacuum pump includes a fanless vacuum pump chamber, a spiral control rod, and an annular crack adjustment ring. One end of the fanless vacuum pump chamber is arc-shaped and connected to the combustible smoke exhaust pipe, and the other end of the fanless vacuum pump chamber is wrapped around the outside of the mixed gas pipe to form a tapered annular chamber between the two. The tapered part of the tapered annular chamber is hollowed out, and an annular crack adjustment ring is arranged at the hollowed-out part. Two T-shaped grooves are arranged at one end of the annular crack adjustment ring, and one end of the spiral control rod is a T-shaped structure. The T-shaped structures of the two spiral control rods are arranged in the two T-shaped grooves of the annular crack adjustment ring. An external thread is arranged at the other end of the spiral control rod, and an internal thread is arranged at the opposite position of the fanless vacuum pump chamber of the tapered annular chamber and the mixed gas pipe, and the internal thread matches the external thread of the spiral control rod.

2. The integrated exhaust, cooling and gas distribution equipment used in conjunction with the carbonization furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas booster comprises an air turbocharger wheel and a motor III. The air turbocharger wheel is arranged at the corner of the air duct bend and is connected to the motor III.

3. The integrated exhaust, cooling and gas distribution equipment used in conjunction with the carbonization furnace according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The gas diverter I and the gas diverter II have the same structure, and their structures include a flow regulating piston, an electric telescopic rod, and a fixed rod. The flow regulating piston is an umbrella-shaped structure, and the "U"-shaped end of the umbrella-shaped structure is facing the inlet of the combustion gas pipe or the residual gas pipe. The other end of the umbrella-shaped structure is concave inward, and a rod is arranged at the concave position and connected to the electric telescopic rod. The electric telescopic rod is connected to the inner wall of the combustion gas pipe or the residual gas pipe through the fixed rod.

4. The integrated exhaust, cooling and gas distribution equipment used in conjunction with the carbonization furnace according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The spiral cooling discharging device is connected to the motor I, and the spiral feeder is connected to the motor II.

5. The integrated exhaust, cooling and gas distribution equipment used in conjunction with the carbonization furnace according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Temperature sensors and pressure sensors are also installed in the carbonization zone.

6. The integrated exhaust, cooling and gas distribution equipment used in conjunction with the carbonization furnace according to claim 5 is characterized in that: It also includes a main controller, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an electric telescopic rod, a motor II, a gas booster, a motor I, an automatic ignition device I, an automatic ignition device II, and a motor III, all of which are connected to the main controller.

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