A precise charging method for locally collapsed blast holes

Abstract

The present invention discloses a precise charging method for a locally collapsed blast hole. This method realizes non-destructive hole cleaning operation for the blast hole through a feeding pipe, and smoothly loads the bagged explosive into the blast hole. At the same time, a highly ductile bag is inserted into the pit where the inner side wall of the blast hole locally collapses through the feeding pipe, and the pit is filled by injecting water into the bag. This method solves multiple technical problems of hole cleaning, charging and pit backfilling of the blast hole at the same time, effectively improves the energy utilization and blasting effect of blasting, and generates good economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of blasting engineering, and in particular to a precise charging method for a locally collapsed blast hole. Background Art

[0002] In areas with complex geological conditions, especially in composite rock strata areas, the rock strata are usually interspersed with soil layers or strongly weathered loose rock strata. In such complex strata, the side wall of the blast hole is prone to local collapse, forming local irregular cavities (pits), and loose particles fall to the bottom of the hole, which has an adverse impact on subsequent blasting. First, the fallen rock and soil particles cause the blast hole to be under-depth, and hole cleaning operations are required. However, due to the fact that the loose rock strata will cause the loose rock blocks on the hole wall to collapse under high-pressure air, the pit expands, the hole cleaning effect is poor, and finally a bottom residue is generated. Second, the existence of pits on the side wall of the blast hole will lead to overcharging, resulting in energy waste and safety problems.

[0003] During the actual charging operation process, both ends of the finished explosive are extremely prone to straddle or brace at the pit of the blast hole, resulting in overcharging. As Figure 1 shown, the finished explosive 14 straddles or braces at the pit of the blast hole, resulting in the blast hole 1 being unable to be charged according to the designed linear density. During blasting, the energy cannot be fully utilized, affecting the blasting effect and even causing accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a solution that facilitates hole cleaning and charging, and provides a precise charging method for effectively correcting the pits at the side wall of the blast hole.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a precise charging method for a locally collapsed blast hole, which is carried out according to the following steps:

[0006] S1. Insert a hard guide pipe with a length greater than the depth of the blast hole and an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole into the blast hole;

[0007] S2. Rotate and press down the guide pipe until the guide pipe can no longer be lowered;

[0008] S3. Use high-pressure air to perform hole cleaning operations inside the guide pipe until the rock and soil particles at the bottom of the guide pipe are completely removed;

[0009] S4. Remove the guide pipe from the blast hole, use an industrial endoscope to detect the position, shape and size of the pits on the side wall below the height of the explosive column in the blast hole, and record the pits below the height of the explosive column as the first pit to the Nth pit from bottom to top;

[0010] S5. Insert the guide pipe into the blast hole, load the prefabricated finished explosive into the guide pipe, and stop charging when the topmost finished explosive in the guide pipe is close to the bottom of the first pit, and then remove the guide pipe;

[0011] S6. Bond a highly ductile bag on the bottom of the outer wall of the material guide pipe, which is adapted to the shape of the first pit. The top of the bag has a water injection nozzle communicating with the inside of the bag, and a water injection pipe is inserted into the water injection nozzle. The length of the water injection pipe is greater than the depth of the blast hole.

[0012] S7. Rotate the material guide pipe. When the bag is directly above the first pit, insert the material guide pipe into the blast hole. When the bottom of the material guide pipe is close to the bottom of the first pit, fix the material guide pipe. At this time, the top of the water injection pipe is outside the blast hole, and the outer wall of the bag just faces the first pit.

[0013] S8. Then continue to load the prefabricated finished explosive into the material guide pipe. When the topmost finished explosive in the material guide pipe is close to the bottom of the second pit, stop charging.

[0014] S9. Inject water into the bag through the water injection pipe. The bag bulges under the action of water and fills the first pit. After the first pit is filled, pull out the water injection pipe.

[0015] S10. Take out the material guide pipe. The bag disengages from the material guide pipe under the action of the gravity of water and stays in the first pit. Then repeat the above steps S6 to S9 from bottom to top until the Nth pit is filled with the water-filled bag, and at the same time, when the finished explosive in the blast hole meets the height of the explosive column, take out the material guide pipe from the blast hole.

[0016] Further, before implementing step S4, repeat steps S2 to S3 multiple times. When repeating steps S2 to S3, first lift the material guide pipe upward by a certain distance and then implement step S2.

[0017] Further, the water injection nozzle is a rubber plug with a cross-shaped opening.

[0018] Further, the bag is bonded to the bottom of the outer wall of the material guide pipe by double-sided tape.

[0019] Further, before the material guide pipe is taken out of the blast hole, the height of the topmost finished explosive in the blast hole is higher than the height of the topmost bag in the blast hole to prevent the water-filled bag from disengaging from the pit.

[0020] Further, the material guide pipe is a rigid PVC pipe.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. Realize the non-destructive hole cleaning operation of the blast holes in the composite rock stratum area. The hole cleaning will not cause secondary damage to the blast holes, avoid the residue of rock and soil particles in the blast holes, and ensure sufficient charging space.

[0023] 2. Realize the smooth loading of the finished explosive, and will not cause the finished explosive to be placed horizontally or obliquely, resulting in blockage in the blast hole and affecting the subsequent charging operation.

[0024] 3. Backfill the pits on the inner wall of the blast hole with water bags to ensure that there is no cavity in the blast hole, maximize the utilization of blasting energy, and at the same time, the water bags form water mist after blasting, which can effectively reduce dust and is green and environmentally friendly.

[0025] To make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following specifically enumerates preferred embodiments and, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, makes a detailed description. Description of the Drawings

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a finished explosive blocking a blast hole.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the state when the feeding pipe is inserted into the blast hole in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the state when the explosive is loaded into the blast hole and the bag is sent to the first pit in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the state when water is injected into the bag at the first pit, explosive is loaded, and the bag is sent to the second pit in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the state when water is injected into the bag at the second pit, explosive is loaded to the height of the explosive column, and the feeding pipe is removed in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the state of the bag in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1 - blast hole, 11 - first pit, 12 - second pit, 13 - rock and soil particles, 14 - finished explosive, 2 - feeding pipe, 3 - water injection pipe, 4 - conventional bag, 41 - water injection nozzle, 42 - cross opening, 5 - annular bag. Detailed Embodiments

[0033] To further elaborate on the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the following, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, makes a detailed description of the specific embodiments, structures, features and their effects according to the present invention.

[0034] In the area of composite rock strata, the rock strata are interspersed with soil layers or loose sandstone layers. After the drill rig drills the blast hole 1, at the inner sidewall of the blast hole 1 where there is a soil layer or a loose sandstone layer, local collapse is likely to occur (not underground cavities or karst caves). The loose rock and soil layers at this location will fall to the bottom of the blast hole in granular form, and the rock and soil particles 13 accumulate at the bottom inside the blast hole 1. At the same time, pits of different sizes are formed on the inner sidewall of the blast hole 1, and the shape of the pits usually appears as hole-shaped, arc-shaped or annular; in this embodiment, the hole-shaped first pit 11 and the annular second pit 12 are taken as examples.

[0035] A precise charging method for a locally collapsed blast hole is carried out according to the following steps:

[0036] S1. Insert a rigid PVC guide pipe 2 with a length greater than the depth of the blast hole 1 and an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole 1 into the blast hole.

[0037] S2. Rotate and press down the guide pipe 2 until the guide pipe 2 can no longer be lowered, as Figure 2 shown.

[0038] S3. Use high-pressure air to clean the inside of the guide pipe 2 until the rock and soil particles 13 at the bottom inside the guide pipe 2 are completely removed. The guide pipe plays a protective role for the inner sidewall of the blast hole to prevent the high-pressure air from causing secondary damage to the inner sidewall of the blast hole.

[0039] S4. Lift the guide pipe 2 up a small distance, and then repeat steps S2 to S3. Repeat this step multiple times until the rock and soil particles 13 in the blast hole are basically removed, ensuring that there is sufficient space for installing explosives in the blast hole.

[0040] S5. Take out the guide pipe 2 from the blast hole, and use an industrial endoscope to detect the position, shape and size of the pits on the sidewall below the height of the explosive column in the blast hole 1. In this embodiment, the pits below the height of the explosive column are recorded as the first pit 11 and the second pit 12 from bottom to top in sequence; the pits above the height of the explosive column or near the height of the explosive column will be directly filled with backfill rock powder, so there is no need to consider them.

[0041] S6. Insert the guide pipe 2 into the blast hole 1, and load prefabricated finished explosives 14 into the guide pipe 2. When the topmost finished explosive 14 in the guide pipe 2 is close to the bottom of the first pit 11, stop charging, as Figure 3 shown, and take out the guide pipe 2. Stopping charging is to prevent the topmost finished explosive from toppling when the guide pipe is taken out.

[0042] S7. As Figure 3 shown, bond a high-ductility conventional bag 4 that fits the shape of the first pit 11 to the bottom of the outer sidewall of the guide pipe 2 with double-sided tape. The top of the conventional bag 4 has a water injection nozzle 41 that communicates with the inside of the bag. The water injection nozzle 41 is a rubber plug with a cross opening 42.Figure 6 As shown. A water injection pipe 3 is inserted into the water injection nozzle 41, and the length of the water injection pipe 3 is greater than the depth of the blasthole 1. The water injection pipe 3 can be inserted into the bag along the cross 42 to inject water into the bag. When the water injection pipe is pulled out, the cross is self-sealed under the elasticity of the rubber plug, and the water in the bag will not flow out.

[0043] S8, such as Figure 3 As shown, rotate the guide tube 2, and when the conventional bag 4 is located directly above the first pit 11, insert the guide tube 2 into the blast hole 1. When the bottom of the guide tube 2 is close to the bottom of the first pit 11, fix the guide tube 2 to keep it at this height. At this time, the top of the water injection tube 3 is located outside the blast hole 1, and the outer wall of the conventional bag 4 is facing the first pit 11.

[0044] S9, such as Figure 4 As shown, the prefabricated finished explosive 14 is continuously added into the guide tube 2, and the charging is stopped when the top finished explosive in the guide tube 2 is close to the bottom of the second pit 12. At this time, the height of the top finished explosive in the blast hole 1 is higher than the height of the top of the first pit 11, so that when the guide tube 2 is taken out, the finished explosive located at the first pit 11 can press against the water bag in the first pit 11 to prevent the water bag from detaching from the first pit 11.

[0045] S10, such as Figure 4 As shown, water is injected into the conventional bag 4 through the water injection pipe 3, and the conventional bag 4 swells under the action of water and fills the first pit 11. After the first pit 11 is filled, the water injection pipe 3 is removed; the highly ductile conventional bag 4 will automatically expand into the first pit 11 under the action of water. The size of the pit can be roughly calculated through the data obtained by endoscope detection, and then an equal volume or slightly larger than the calculated volume of water is injected into the conventional bag 4.

[0046] S11, such as Figure 4 As shown, the guide tube 2 is taken out, and the conventional bag 4 is separated from the guide tube 2 under the action of the gravity of the water and stays in the first pit 11. The viscosity of the double-sided adhesive is weak. Under the action of gravity, the bag naturally separates from the guide tube 2, completing the backfilling operation of the first pit 11.

[0047] S12, such as Figure 4 As shown, a highly ductile annular bag 5 matching the shape of the second pit 12 is bonded to the bottom of the outer wall of the guide tube 2 with double-sided adhesive, and a water injection nozzle 41 connected to the inside of the bag is provided at the top of the annular bag 5. The water injection nozzle 41 is a rubber plug with a cross opening 42, and a water injection pipe 3 is inserted into the water injection nozzle 41. The length of the water injection pipe 3 is greater than the depth of the blasthole 1. The water injection pipe 3 can be inserted into the annular bag 5 along the cross opening 42, so as to inject water into the annular bag 5. When the water injection pipe is pulled out, the cross opening is self-sealed under the elasticity of the rubber plug itself, and the water in the annular bag 5 will not flow out.

[0048] S13. As shown in Figure 4 , insert the material guiding pipe 2 into the blast hole 1. When the bottom of the material guiding pipe 2 is near the bottom of the second pit 12, fix the material guiding pipe 2 to keep it at this height without moving. At this time, the top of the water injection pipe 3 is outside the blast hole 1, and the outer side wall of the annular bag 5 just faces the second pit 12.

[0049] S14. As shown in Figure 5 , continue to put the prefabricated finished explosive 14 into the material guiding pipe 2 until the finished explosive in the blast hole meets the height of the charge column. At this time, the topmost finished explosive in the blast hole is higher than the top of the second pit 12, and stop charging.

[0050] S15. As shown in Figure 5 , inject water into the annular bag 5 through the water injection pipe 3. The annular bag 5 bulges under the action of water and fills the second pit 12. After the second pit 12 is filled, pull out the water injection pipe 3.

[0051] S16. As shown in Figure 5 , take out the material guiding pipe 2. The annular bag 5 disengages from the material guiding pipe 2 under the action of the gravity of water and stays in the second pit 12. The viscosity of the double-sided tape is weak. Under the action of gravity, the annular bag 5 naturally disengages from the material guiding pipe 2, completing the backfilling operation of the second pit 12.

[0052] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make some changes or modifications to it as equivalent embodiments within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any brief modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A precise charging method for locally caving blast holes, characterized in that, Proceed as follows: S1. Insert a rigid material guiding tube with a length greater than the depth of the blast hole and an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the blast hole into the blast hole; S2. Rotate and press down the material guiding tube until it can no longer be lowered; S3. Use high-pressure air to conduct pipe cleaning operation inside the material guiding tube until the rock and soil particles at the bottom inside the material guiding tube are completely removed; S4. Take out the material guiding tube from the blast hole, use an industrial endoscope to detect the position, shape and size of the pits on the side wall below the height of the explosive column in the blast hole, and record the pits below the height of the explosive column as the first pit to the Nth pit from bottom to top in sequence; S5. Insert the material guiding tube into the blast hole, load the prefabricated finished explosive into the material guiding tube. When the topmost finished explosive in the material guiding tube is close to the bottom of the first pit, stop charging and take out the material guiding tube; S6. Bond a highly ductile bag on the bottom outer side wall of the material guiding tube, which is adapted to the shape of the first pit. The top of the bag has a water injection nozzle communicating with the inside of the bag, and a water injection pipe is inserted into the water injection nozzle. The length of the water injection pipe is greater than the depth of the blast hole; S7. Rotate the material guiding tube. When the bag is directly above the first pit, insert the material guiding tube into the blast hole. When the bottom of the material guiding tube is close to the bottom of the first pit, fix the material guiding tube. At this time, the top of the water injection pipe is outside the blast hole, and the outer side wall of the bag just faces the first pit; S8. Continue to load the prefabricated finished explosive into the material guiding tube. When the topmost finished explosive in the material guiding tube is close to the bottom of the second pit, stop charging; S9. Inject water into the bag through the water injection pipe. The bag bulges under the action of water and fills the first pit. After the first pit is filled, pull out the water injection pipe; S10. Take out the material guiding tube. The bag detaches from the material guiding tube under the action of the gravity of water and stays in the first pit. Then repeat the above steps S6 to S9 until the Nth pit from bottom to top is filled with the water-filled bag. At the same time, when the finished explosive in the blast hole meets the height of the explosive column, take out the material guiding tube from the blast hole.

2. The precise charging method for locally caving blast holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before implementing step S4, repeatedly implement steps S2 to S3 for multiple times. When repeatedly implementing steps S2 to S3, first lift the material guiding tube upward by a certain distance and then implement step S2.

3. The precise charging method for locally caving blast holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water injection nozzle is a rubber plug with a cross-shaped opening.

4. The precise charging method for locally caving blast holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bag is bonded to the bottom outer side wall of the material guiding tube through double-sided tape.

5. The precise charging method for locally caving blast holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: Before taking out the material guiding tube from the blast hole, the height of the topmost finished explosive in the blast hole is higher than the height of the topmost bag in the blast hole to prevent the water-filled bag from detaching from the pit.

6. The precise charging method for locally caving blast holes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material guiding tube is a rigid PVC tube.

Images