Improved precise trigonometric leveling method and application thereof

Abstract

The application discloses an improved precise trigonometric leveling method and application thereof, and the measuring method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining the height difference of two prism rods used for precise trigonometric leveling and the height difference of prism centers on the top of two measuring devices to the observation center of the devices; then, observing by using the precise trigonometric leveling method, and the number of measuring stations set between the starting point and the ending point is even; finally, calculating the height difference between the starting point and the ending point according to the data measured by the measuring devices at each measuring station, the height difference of the prism rods and the height difference of the prism centers on the top of the two measuring devices to the observation center of the devices. In this way, the number of measuring stations can be reduced, and the measuring efficiency is improved. When the measuring method is applied to river-crossing leveling, the number of observations can be reduced, and only one river crossing is needed to complete the one-way measurement of the single side, so that the measuring efficiency is greatly improved while the measuring precision is ensured.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of height measurement, in particular to an improved precise trigonometric height measurement method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The precise trigonometric height measurement method greatly weakens the influence of atmospheric vertical refraction by selecting high-precision measurement robots for simultaneous observation in opposite directions, and uses the same prism rod at the starting point and the ending point to offset the prism rod height and instrument height factor in the calculation, thereby avoiding the measurement of instrument height and target height, eliminating part of the error and improving the observation accuracy. By limiting the length and height angle of the observation side, the influence of the vertical deviation is reduced.

[0003] When performing precise trigonometric height measurement, the measurement equipment such as total station and prism rod needs to be improved. Two prism combinations can be installed on the measurement equipment to form high and low prisms. The upper prism is called high prism, and the lower prism is called low prism.

[0004] As shown in Figure 1 The specific steps of the precise trigonometric height measurement method are as follows: prism rods are arranged at the starting point and the ending point, and a main station equipped with high and low prisms is arranged at a point close to the starting point, i.e. turning point 1 in the figure. Then the main station observes the low prism ① and the high prism ② of the prism rod at the starting point in turn at the turning point 1. Then the auxiliary station equipped with high and low prisms is erected at the turning point 2 without moving the main station. The observation sequence is as follows: the main station observes the low prism ③ of the auxiliary station, the auxiliary station observes the low prism ④ of the main station, the auxiliary station observes the high prism ⑤ of the main station, and the main station observes the high prism ⑥ of the auxiliary station.

[0005] Then, the main station is moved to the turning point 3, and the auxiliary station remains unchanged. The following observations are performed in turn: the auxiliary station observes the low prism ⑦ of the main station, the main station observes the low prism ⑧ of the auxiliary station, the main station observes the high prism ⑨ of the auxiliary station, and the auxiliary station observes the high prism ⑩ of the main station. After the observation is completed, the auxiliary station is moved to the next measurement point, and the measurement is performed in turn until it is close to the ending point. At the last turning point, the main station observes the high and low prisms of the ending point in turn. Through the data measured at each measurement point, the height difference between the starting point and the ending point can be calculated.

[0006] As shown in Figure 2As shown, when the height difference between the starting point A and the ending point B is measured by using two measuring devices, the number of measuring points set by the odd station is more than that of the even station. When the precise trigonometric leveling is performed, the last measuring point needs to be measured by the main station, so as to offset the height factors of the prism rods at the starting point and the ending point, and offset the height factor of the measuring station. Therefore, the existing precise trigonometric leveling must ensure that the number of measuring points set between the starting point and the ending point is odd. This makes the number of measuring points set by the precise trigonometric leveling larger, and reduces the measurement efficiency.

[0007] In particular, when the starting point and the ending point are located on the two sides of a river, at least three measuring points need to be set on the two banks of the river to complete the single-side measurement. The prism erected on the starting point is measured by using the main station on the bank of the starting point, and then the auxiliary station is sent to the bank of the ending point. The auxiliary station and the main station are observed with each other, and then the main station is transferred to the bank of the ending point. Finally, the prism erected on the ending point is observed by using the main station. In this way, the single-side river-crossing leveling needs to cross the river for three times. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides an improved precise trigonometric leveling method and application thereof. The number of measuring points can be reduced and the measurement efficiency can be improved by setting even number of measuring points between the starting point and the ending point for precise trigonometric leveling.

[0009] In a first aspect, an improved precise trigonometric leveling method is provided, comprising:

[0010] determining the difference between the heights of two prism rods used for precise trigonometric leveling, and the difference between the Q parameters of two measuring devices, the Q parameter being the height between the center of the prism installed on the measuring device and the observation center of the measuring device;

[0011] measuring by using the precise trigonometric leveling method, and the number of measuring points set between the starting point and the ending point is even;

[0012] calculating the height difference between the starting point and the ending point according to the measurement data measured by the measuring device at each measuring point, and the difference between the heights of the prism rods and the difference between the Q parameters.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in a first implementation manner of the first aspect, the difference between the heights of the two prism rods is determined, comprising:

[0014] arranging the measuring instrument and the prism rod at the observation point and the measuring point respectively, and observing the prism rod by using the measuring instrument to obtain the first observation data;

[0015] Another prism rod is arranged at the measuring point, and a second observation data is obtained by observing the prism rod currently arranged at the measuring point through the measuring instrument;

[0016] A difference between heights of the two prism rods is calculated according to the first observation data and the second observation data.

[0017] With reference to the first implementation manner of the first aspect, in a second implementation manner of the first aspect, the calculating the difference between heights of the two prism rods according to the first observation data and the second observation data comprises:

[0018] K=S P1P2 ×sinα P1P2 -S′ P1P2 ×sinα′ P1P2 ;

[0019] Wherein, K is the difference between heights of the two prism rods, S P1P2 is the slope distance corresponding to the first observation data, α P1P2 is the vertical angle corresponding to the first observation data, S′ P1P2 is the slope distance corresponding to the second observation data, α′ P1P2 is the vertical angle corresponding to the second observation data, P1 and P2 are the observation point and the measuring point respectively.

[0020] With reference to the first aspect, in a third implementation manner of the first aspect, the determining the difference between Q parameters of two measuring devices used for precise trigonometric leveling comprises:

[0021] Arranging the two measuring devices at two different observation points respectively;

[0022] Using the two measuring devices to perform mutual observation respectively to obtain a first group of determination data;

[0023] Interchanging the measuring devices arranged at the two observation points and performing mutual observation again to obtain a second group of determination data;

[0024] Calculating the difference between Q parameters according to the first group of determination data, the second group of determination data and parameters of the measuring devices.

[0025] With reference to the third implementation manner of the first aspect, in a fourth implementation manner of the first aspect, the calculating the difference between Q parameters according to the first group of determination data and the second group of determination data comprises:

[0026]

[0027] Wherein, Q1-Q2 is the difference between Q parameters, h 12 and h 21respectively, the height difference between the observation center of one measuring device and the prism center of another measuring device corresponding to the first set of measured data 12 , h' 21 respectively, the height difference between the observation center of one measuring device and the prism center of another measuring device corresponding to the second set of measured data respectively, the height between the observation center of the measuring device and the bottom of the device.

[0028] In combination with the first aspect, in a fifth implementable manner of the first aspect, the method for calculating the height difference between the starting point and the ending point comprises:

[0029]

[0030] wherein S Z1A is the slant distance measured by the measuring device at the station point adjacent to the starting point A, a Z1A is the vertical angle measured by the measuring device at the station point adjacent to the starting point, S ZnZn-1 is the slant distance measured by the measuring device at the station point Zn, a ZnZn-1 is the vertical angle measured by the measuring device at the station point Zn, S Zn-1Zn is the slant distance measured by the measuring device at the station point Zn-1, a Zn-1Zn is the vertical angle measured by the measuring device at the station point Zn-1, S ZnB is the slant distance measured by the measuring device at the station point adjacent to the ending point B, a ZnB is the vertical angle measured by the measuring device at the station point adjacent to the ending point.

[0031] The second aspect provides an application of the improved precise trigonometric leveling method according to any one of the first aspect and the first to fifth implementable manners of the first aspect, for measuring the height difference between the starting point and the ending point respectively located on the two sides of a river.

[0032] Beneficial effects: the improved precise trigonometric leveling method and the application thereof can reduce the number of station points and improve the measurement efficiency by pre-measuring the Q parameter difference of two measuring devices respectively serving as the main station and the auxiliary station, and the height difference of two prism rods respectively arranged at the starting point and the ending point, and using the Q parameter difference and the height difference of the prism rods as the measurement constants for calculating the height difference of the starting point and the ending point, so that the precise trigonometric leveling can be performed by setting an even number of station points between the starting point and the ending point. Moreover, when the method is applied to river measurement, the single-side and single-direction measurement can be completed by crossing the river only once, which ensures the measurement accuracy and improves the measurement efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the specific embodiments will be briefly described below. In all the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the observation process for existing precise trigonometric leveling methods.

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the corresponding survey stations for the existing precise trigonometric leveling method;

[0036] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing the distribution of the corresponding survey stations for the improved precision trigonometric leveling method provided in this embodiment;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the precise trigonometric leveling method provided in this embodiment;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the method for measuring the height difference of the prism rod provided in this embodiment;

[0039] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the method for measuring the height difference of the prism rod provided in this embodiment;

[0040] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the Q-parameter difference measurement method provided in this embodiment;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the Q-parameter difference determination method provided in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The embodiments of the technical solution of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and are therefore intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It should be understood that in this application, "even-number station" refers to a station with an even number of stations between the starting point and the ending point. "Odd-number station" refers to a station with an odd number of stations between the starting point and the ending point.

[0044] like Figure 4 The flowchart shown illustrates an improved precision trigonometric leveling method, which includes:

[0045] Step 1: Measure the difference in height between the two prism rods used for precision trigonometric leveling, and the difference in Q-parameter between the two measuring devices;

[0046] Step 2: Use the precise trigonometric leveling method to perform the measurement, and the number of measurement stations set between the starting point and the ending point is even.

[0047] Step 3, calculating the height difference between the start point and the end point according to the measurement data measured by the measuring devices at each measuring station, and the difference of the prism rod height and the difference of the Q parameter.

[0048] Specifically, first, the difference of the height of the two prism rods arranged at the start point and the end point of the measurement when performing the precise trigonometric leveling can be measured in advance using the existing measuring instrument. The two prism rods can be prism rods of different heights, and the transportation link of transferring the prism rod erected at the start point to the end point is avoided, further improving the measurement efficiency.

[0049] Compared with the existing precise trigonometric leveling method, which requires that the prism rods at the start point and the end point must be the same set of prism rods and the rod height cannot be changed. The measurement method adopted in the embodiment does not have requirements for the type and height of the prism rod, so the application range of the measurement method of the embodiment is wider.

[0050] The difference of the Q parameter between the two measuring devices can also be measured by opposite measurement of the two measuring devices for precise trigonometric leveling. The two measuring devices can be two total stations with high-low prisms, and the two total stations can be two different types of total stations that meet the accuracy requirements.

[0051] Then, as shown in Figure 3 The two prism rods can be arranged at the start point and the end point, and an even number of measuring stations can be marked between the start point and the end point. According to the above-mentioned process of the precise trigonometric leveling method, the two measuring devices are used to measure at each corresponding measuring station in turn, and the last measuring station can be measured by the measuring device as the auxiliary station, without using the measuring device as the main station to observe the prism rod at the end point. Finally, according to the measurement data of all measuring stations measured by the two measuring devices, and the difference of the prism rod height and the difference of the Q parameter measured in advance, the height difference between the start point and the end point is calculated.

[0052] Since the measurement method of the embodiment only needs to set an even number of measuring stations between the start point and the end point, the precise trigonometric leveling method can be used to observe the height difference between the start point and the end point. Therefore, compared with the traditional precise trigonometric leveling, the measurement method of the embodiment can reduce the number of measuring stations, thereby reducing the number of observations and improving the measurement efficiency.

[0053] The determination method of the difference of the height of the two prism rods will be described in detail below. Figure 5 、 Figure 6 The determination method of the difference of the height of the two prism rods will be described in detail below.

[0054] In the embodiment, optionally, the determination of the difference of the height of the two prism rods comprises:

[0055] Step 1-1-1, respectively, the measuring instrument and the prism rod are arranged at the observation point and the measurement point, and the prism rod is observed by the measuring instrument to obtain first observation data;

[0056] Step 1-1-2, another prism rod is arranged at the measurement point, and the prism rod currently arranged at the measurement point is observed by the measuring instrument to obtain second observation data;

[0057] Step 1-1-3, the difference between the heights of the two prism rods is calculated according to the first observation data and the second observation data.

[0058] Specifically, first, the measuring instrument and one of the prism rods can be arranged at the observation point and the measurement point respectively. The measuring instrument can be an existing total station, and the observation point and the measurement point can be any position, and the embodiment does not limit the observation point and the measurement point. After arrangement, the measuring instrument at the observation point measures the prism rod at the measurement point, and the corresponding first observation data is obtained.

[0059] Then, the prism rod at the measurement point is replaced with another prism rod, and the measuring instrument is used to measure the replaced prism rod again to obtain the corresponding second observation data.

[0060] Finally, the difference between the heights of the two prism rods can be calculated according to the first observation data and the second observation data.

[0061] In the embodiment, the difference between the heights of the two prism rods can be calculated by the following formula:

[0062] K=S P1P2 ×sinα P1P2 -S′ P1P2 ×sinα′ P1P2 ;

[0063] Wherein, K is the difference between the heights of the two prism rods, S P1P2 is the slope distance corresponding to the first observation data, α P1P2 is the vertical angle corresponding to the first observation data, S′ P1P2 is the slope distance corresponding to the second observation data, α′ P1P2 is the vertical angle corresponding to the second observation data, P1 and P2 are the observation point and the measurement point respectively.

[0064] Specifically, since the height difference between the measurement point and the observation point is fixed, the height difference between the measurement point and the observation point measured by the first observation data is equal to the height difference between the measurement point and the observation point measured by the first observation data.

[0065] That is, h P1P2 =S P1P2x sin a P1P2 + i P1 - t P1 = h' P1P2 = S' P1P2 x sin a' P1P2 + i P1 - t' P1 , thus K = S P1P2 x sin a P1P2 - S' P1P2 x sin a' P1P2 .

[0066] wherein t P1 , t' P1 are the heights of the two prism rods, i P1 is the height of the observation center of the measuring instrument to the ground point. Thus, the difference between the heights of the two prism rods can be obtained by using the above determination method and calculation method, thereby providing a basis for precise trigonometric leveling.

[0067] The determination method of the difference between the Q parameters of the two measuring devices will be described in detail below. Figure 7 , Figure 8 The determination method of the difference between the Q parameters of the two measuring devices will be described in detail below.

[0068] In this embodiment, the determination of the difference between the Q parameters of the two measuring devices for precise trigonometric leveling comprises the following steps.

[0069] Step 1-2-1, arranging the two measuring devices at two different observation points, respectively;

[0070] Step 1-2-2, using the two measuring devices to perform mutual observation, respectively, to obtain a first group of determination data;

[0071] Step 1-2-3, interchanging the two measuring devices arranged at the two observation points and performing mutual observation again to obtain a second group of determination data;

[0072] Step 1-2-4, calculating the difference between the Q parameters according to the first group of determination data, the second group of determination data and the parameters of the measuring devices.

[0073] Specifically, first, the measuring devices for precise trigonometric leveling are arranged at two different observation points, respectively. Then, the two measuring devices perform mutual observation to obtain a first group of determination data. After that, the two measuring devices are interchanged and then perform mutual observation to obtain a second group of determination data. Finally, the difference between the Q parameters of the two measuring devices can be calculated according to the first group of determination data and the second group of determination data.

[0074] It should be understood that in the present embodiment, the measuring devices can be prism-equipped total stations. The present embodiment does not limit the positions of the two observation points.

[0075] In the present embodiment, the following calculation method can be optionally used to calculate the Q parameter difference value according to the first set of measurement data and the second set of measurement data:

[0076]

[0077] wherein Q1-Q2 is the Q parameter difference value, h 12 , h 21 are the height differences between the observation center of one measuring device and the prism center of the other measuring device corresponding to the first set of measurement data, h' 12 , h' 21 are the height differences between the observation center of one measuring device and the prism center of the other measuring device corresponding to the second set of measurement data, are the heights between the observation centers of the two measuring devices and the device bottoms.

[0078] Specifically, when the two measuring devices observe each other, the height difference between the observation centers of the two measuring devices is:

[0079] h1,2 = h 12 -△P2 = h 21 +△P1;

[0080] Similarly, after the two measuring devices are exchanged in position, we have:

[0081] h' 1，2 = h' 12 -△P1 = h' 21 +△P2;

[0082] wherein h1,2, h' 1，2 are the height differences between the observation centers of the two measuring devices before and after the position exchange, h 12 , h 21 are the height differences between the observation center of one measuring device and the prism center of the other measuring device measured during the opposite measurement, h' 12 , h' 21 are the height differences between the observation center of one measuring device and the prism center of the other measuring device measured during the opposite measurement of the two measuring devices after the position exchange, △P1, △P2 are the height differences between the prism centers and the observation centers of the two measuring devices.

[0083] Since the two devices used for precise trigonometric leveling in the embodiment can be different devices, the height difference between the device bottoms of the two measuring devices is H0 when they are erected at two measuring points, and thus the following can be obtained:

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] The following can be obtained in combination with the above formula:

[0087]

[0088]

[0089] Thus, the following can be obtained,

[0090] In this way, the Q parameter difference between the two measuring devices can be obtained by using the above measurement method and calculation method, thereby providing a basis for precise trigonometric leveling.

[0091] In the embodiment, after the measurement data of each measuring point between the start point and the end point is measured according to the existing precise trigonometric leveling process, the following calculation method can be used to calculate the height difference h between the start point and the end point. AB :

[0092]

[0093] Among them, S Z1A is the slant range measured by the measuring device at the adjacent measuring point of the start point A, α Z1A is the vertical angle measured by the measuring device at the adjacent measuring point of the start point, S ZnZn-1 is the slant range measured by the measuring device at the measuring point Zn, α ZnZn-1 is the vertical angle measured by the measuring device at the measuring point Zn, S Zn-1Zn is the slant range measured by the measuring device at the measuring point Zn-1, α Zn-1Zn is the vertical angle measured by the measuring device at the measuring point Zn-1, S ZnB is the slant range measured by the measuring device at the adjacent measuring point of the end point B, α ZnB is the vertical angle measured by the measuring device at the adjacent measuring point of the end point.

[0094] An application, which uses the above improved precise trigonometric leveling method to measure the height difference between the start point and the end point respectively located on the two sides of a river.

[0095] Specifically, first, the difference in height of the two prism poles arranged at the start and end points of the measurement for the precise trigonometric leveling can be determined in advance using the existing measuring instrument, and the difference in Q parameter between the two measuring devices can be determined.

[0096] Then, the two prism poles are respectively erected at the start and end points on the two banks of the river, and the two devices are respectively erected at the two stations on the two banks of the river.

[0097] Then, according to the observation sequence of the precise trigonometric leveling, the prism on the measuring device erected at the start point and the prism added to the measuring device on the opposite bank are observed through the measuring device on the bank. Then, the prism added to the measuring device erected on the bank on the opposite side of the river is observed through the measuring device erected on the opposite bank, and the prism pole erected at the end point is observed through the measuring device erected at the end point.

[0098] Finally, the height difference between the start and end points on the two banks of the river is calculated according to the measured measurement data, the difference in height of the prism poles and the difference in Q parameter.

[0099] Compared with the existing precise trigonometric leveling method for determining the height difference between the two banks of the river, the measurement method of the embodiment can only set 2 stations, reduce the number of stations, and thus reduce the number of river crossings and observations, thereby improving the measurement efficiency.

[0100] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should be covered in the scope of the claims and the specification of the present application.

Claims

1. An improved method of precise trigonometric height measurement, characterized in that, The application relates to an improved precision trigonometric height measurement method. The difference in height of two prism rods used for precision trigonometric leveling is determined, as well as the difference in parameters between two measuring devices The parameters are the height between the center of the prism attached to the measuring device and the observation center of the measuring device ​ The number of measuring points arranged between the starting point and the terminal point is even; from the measurement data measured at the individual measurement sites by the measurement device, and from the difference in the height of the prism rod and The parameter difference calculates the height difference between the start point and the end point. determining a parameter difference between two measuring devices comprises: Two measuring devices are arranged at two different observation points respectively; First group of measurement data is obtained through the two measuring devices; The two measuring devices arranged at the two observation points are exchanged, and second group of measurement data is obtained through the two measuring devices again; calculating the parameter difference according to the first set of measurement data, the second set of measurement data and the size parameter of the measurement device, specifically as follows: parameter difference, specifically as follows: ； wherein, is a parameter difference, , respectively, a height difference between an observation center of one measuring device and a prism center of another measuring device corresponding to the first set of measurement data, , respectively, a height difference between an observation center of one measuring device and a prism center of another measuring device corresponding to the second set of measurement data, , respectively, a height between an observation center and a bottom of the two measuring devices; The method for calculating the height difference between the starting point and the terminal point comprises the following steps: ； in, For measuring equipment at the starting point The slope distance measured at adjacent measuring stations, The vertical angle measured by the measuring equipment at the measuring station adjacent to the starting point. Measuring equipment at the measuring station The slope distance measured at point , Measuring equipment at the measuring station The perpendicular angle measured at that location. Measuring equipment at the measuring station The slope distance measured at point , Measuring equipment at the measuring station The perpendicular angle measured at that location. For measuring equipment at the endpoint The slope distance measured at adjacent measuring stations, The vertical angle measured by the measuring equipment at a station adjacent to the endpoint. This is the difference in height between the two prism rods.

2. The improved method of precise trigonometric height measurement according to claim 1, wherein, The height difference of the two prism rods is measured, which comprises the following steps: A measuring instrument and a prism rod are arranged at an observation point and a measuring point respectively, and the prism rod is observed through the measuring instrument to obtain first observation data; Another prism rod is arranged at the measuring point, and the prism rod arranged at the measuring point is observed through the measuring instrument to obtain second observation data; The height difference of the two prism rods is calculated according to the first observation data and the second observation data.

3. The improved method of precise trigonometric height measurement according to claim 2, wherein, The method for calculating the height difference of the two prism rods according to the first observation data and the second observation data comprises the following steps: ； wherein, is the difference between the heights of the two prism rods, is the slant distance corresponding to the first observation data, is the vertical angle corresponding to the first observation data, is the slant distance corresponding to the second observation data, is the vertical angle corresponding to the second observation data, , are the observation point and the measuring point, respectively.

4. An application according to claim 1, characterized in that The improved precision trigonometric height measurement method is used to measure the height difference between the starting point and the terminal point respectively located on the two sides of a river.

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