A Z-shaped opposing mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies

Abstract

A Z-shaped opposing mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies is disclosed, relating to the mining field. The method includes the following steps: dividing the gently dipping thin ore body into different stages based on stage haulage roadways; arranging mining areas along the strike of the ore body in each stage; pre-stopes between each mining area, with the stope thickness consistent with the stage thickness; excavating and cutting an uphill section from the stage haulage roadway, connecting the stage haulage roadway with the previous stage haulage roadway; the uphill section is arranged in a pseudo-dipping manner and perpendicular to the stope dip direction; excavating and filling a return air shaft to connect to the surface; during mining, alternately mining the stope portion located at the bottom end and the stope portion located at the top end of the uphill section; cementing and filling each stope; and then mining the pillars within the mining area and cementing and filling them. The Z-shaped opposing mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies has the advantages of low pre-cutting workload per mining area, high production efficiency and ore recovery rate, and wide applicability to a wide range of ore body dip angles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of mining, and more specifically, to a Z-shaped opposing mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies. Background Technology

[0002] When mining gently dipping thin ore bodies in underground mines, mining methods are limited by the dip angle and thickness of the ore body, making it difficult to carry out large-scale mechanized continuous mining operations. This results in complex mining processes, low efficiency, and high consumption of production materials. In particular, when mining ore bodies with dip angles of 15° to 25°, the ability of the drilling rig to climb slopes is greatly challenged.

[0003] Currently, the main mining methods for gently dipping deposits are the room-and-pillar method and the caving method. Both of these methods restrict the mine's production capacity and cannot meet the requirements for efficient production in existing mines. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a Z-shaped opposing mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies, which has the advantages of small workload for pre-cutting in a single mining area, high production efficiency and ore recovery rate, and wide applicability to a wide range of ore body dip angles.

[0005] The embodiments of this application are implemented as follows:

[0006] This application provides a Z-shaped opposing mining method for a gently dipping thin ore body, including the following steps:

[0007] The gently dipping thin ore body is divided into different stages according to the stage transport roadway in the ore body. Top pillars and bottom pillars are reserved between each stage. The mining area is arranged along the strike of the ore body. Inter-pillars are reserved between each mining area. Strip-shaped stops are divided in the mining area. Mining is carried out with stops as the basic mining unit. The stops are arranged in a pseudo-dipping manner. The thickness of the stops is consistent with the thickness of the stage.

[0008] The cutting and incline are excavated from the stage transport roadway within the ore body, connecting the stage transport roadway with the previous stage transport roadway. The cutting and incline are arranged in a pseudo-inclined manner and perpendicular to the inclination direction of the stope. The return air shaft is excavated and filled to connect to the surface.

[0009] During mining, the stope sections located at the bottom end of the cutting incline and the stope sections located at the top end of the cutting incline are mined alternately in a cycle. After cementing and filling each stope, the pillars in the mining area are mined and cemented and filled.

[0010] In some alternative implementation schemes, no ore pass is arranged within the mining area.

[0011] In some alternative implementations, when alternating mining of the stope portion located at the bottom end of the cut-up hill and the stope portion located at the top end of the cut-up hill, a 3-5m wide pillar is retained after the stope is mined.

[0012] In some alternative implementation schemes, when production blasting is carried out in the stope, the method of central cone cutting, smooth blasting, and one-time roadway formation is adopted; when mining pillars in the mining area, upward fan-shaped blast holes are drilled, and the single mining depth shall not exceed 3.5m.

[0013] In some alternative implementation schemes, during stope ventilation, fresh air is directed through the stage transport level into the cutting incline and then into the stope; additional fans are installed in the stope to extract the stale air after the working face has been cleaned, which is then discharged from the working face through the cutting incline to the filling return air shaft and discharged to the surface through the filling return air shaft.

[0014] In some alternative implementations, during stope transport, when mining the stope portion located at the bottom end of the cutting incline, the ore in the stope is transported by trackless equipment along the cutting incline to the stage transport level, unloaded through the stage transport level to the pass, and finally hoisted to the surface ore bin by skip transport; when mining the stope portion located at the top end of the cutting incline, the ore in the stope is transported by trackless equipment along the cutting incline to the previous stage transport level, unloaded through the previous stage transport level to the pass, and finally hoisted to the surface ore bin by skip transport.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows: The Z-shaped opposing mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies provided in this application has the following advantages:

[0016] First, the stope and cutting ramp are arranged at an angle, which is applicable to a wide range of ore body dip angles and can adapt to the climbing ability of trackless equipment. At the same time, the filling body can be more fully connected to the roof due to its own weight in the stope.

[0017] Secondly, while ensuring safe mining in the mining area, we adopt opposite mining, which allows backfilling and mining operations to be carried out simultaneously without affecting each other, thus making the process continuous and producing high efficiency.

[0018] Third, the method of dividing the mine is simple, the amount of work required for pre-cutting a single mining area is small, reducing the workload of workers and lowering mining costs. The addition of top and bottom pillars and interstitial pillars within the mining area improves the ore recovery rate. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 A cross-sectional structural diagram of a mining area for the application of the Z-shaped opposing mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 2 For along Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view along the central I-I direction;

[0022] Figure 3 For along Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the upper cross section along the middle II-II direction;

[0023] Figure 4 For along Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the lower cross section along the middle II-II direction;

[0024] Figure 5 For along Figure 1 Schematic diagram of cross-section along the middle III-III direction;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic cross-sectional view of the Z-shaped opposing mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies provided in this application embodiment, showing the mining along the pillar within the mining area;

[0026] Figure 7 For along Figure 6 Schematic diagram of cross section along the N-N direction;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the mining area after backfilling in the Z-shaped opposing mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Top pillar; 2. Previous stage haulage level; 3. Filling return air shaft; 4. Cutting uphill; 5. Pillar; 6. Interstitial pillar; 7. Filling pipe; 8. Filled stope; 9. Stope being filled; 10. Ore pile; 11. Loader; 12. Blasting hole; 13. Stage haulage level; 14. Bottom pillar; 15. Stope being mined; 16. Stope to be mined; 17. Approach. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this application described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0030] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of this application provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0032] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product of this application is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third," etc., are only used to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] Furthermore, terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "sag" do not imply that components must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that they can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0034] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "set up," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0035] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature being directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0036] The features and performance of the Z-shaped opposing mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies of this application are further described in detail below with reference to embodiments.

[0037] The ore body of a certain deposit has a dip angle of 15–25° and an average thickness of 4–6 m. The ore body occurs in a layered or near-layered manner. The stability of the ore rock in this deposit is relatively good, belonging to the stable or moderately stable category. This ore body is mined using the Z-shaped opposing mining method for gently dipping thin ore bodies provided in the embodiments of this application, combined with… Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 Detailed explanation: including the following steps:

[0038] The mining area and mining units are divided. Based on the stage haulage roadways within the ore body, the gently dipping thin ore body is divided into different stages. A roof pillar 1 and a bottom pillar 14 are reserved between adjacent stages. Mining areas are arranged along the strike of the ore body, with a length of 100–150m along the strike and 80–120m along the dip. A spacer pillar 6 is reserved between adjacent mining areas, with a width of 4–6m. The roof pillar 1 and bottom pillar 14 have widths of 8–10m. The specific widths of spacer pillar 6, roof pillar 1, and bottom pillar 14 are related to the stability of the roof; smaller values ​​are used when the roof stability is good, and larger values ​​are used when the stability is poor. Strip-shaped stops are divided within the mining area, and production is organized using stops as the basic mining unit. The stops are arranged with a pseudo-dipping orientation and their thickness is consistent with the stage thickness.

[0039] The preparatory work layout involves excavating and cutting uphill section 4 from stage haulage roadway 13. Stage haulage roadway 13 is 4-5m wide and its height is the full thickness of the ore body. Uphill section 4 is 3.5m-4.5m wide and 3m-3.5m high. The cross-section of uphill section 4 is a three-centered arch shape. Uphill section 4 connects stage haulage roadway 13 with the previous stage haulage roadway 2. Uphill section 4 is also arranged in a pseudo-inclined manner, serving as a connecting passage for personnel and equipment to enter and exit the mining area and as the free face for the start of stope mining. Uphill section 4 divides the mining area into two sections, upper and lower. There are 0 strip-shaped stops and 4 triangular stops. Each strip-shaped stop is 8–12m wide and 20–60m long. When the exposed area of ​​the stope is too large, the stability of the roof can be enhanced by using a combination of anchor bolts and metal mesh to ensure safe operation. Access roads 17 are excavated along the 4-direction incline of the strip-shaped and triangular stops for transportation and backfilling operations. Access roads 17 are 4–6m wide and spaced 6–8m apart. The inclination direction of the stopes is perpendicular to the 4-direction incline. A backfilling ventilation shaft 3 is excavated to connect to the surface. No ore passes are located within the mining area. After the stopes are mined, pillars 5 with a width of 3–5m are retained.

[0040] Mining and backfilling: Within a single mining area, all stops are divided into two parts: one located on the upper side of the cutting incline 4 and the other on the lower side. During mining, step a is first used to mine the stope at the bottom of the cutting incline 4 (lower left corner area), followed by step b to mine the stope at the top of the cutting incline 4 (upper right corner area). Steps a and b are repeated alternately. After cementing and backfilling the stopes, step c is used to mine the pillar 5 within the mining area. After the pillar 5 is mined, it is cemented and backfilled. In step a, when mining the stope in the lower left corner area, each stope is mined sequentially from left to right, and the backfilling pipe 7 is used to backfill the stope 9 that is being backfilled, waiting for the backfill to stabilize. Step b involves back mining the upper right stope during the cemented backfilling and stabilization period in the lower left stope area. The upper right stope backfilling proceeds from right to left. While backfilling the upper right stope in the goaf and waiting for the backfill to stabilize, the adjacent stope 16 in the lower left stope is backfilled. Steps a and b are then alternately used for backfilling and mining. Each mining depth is 2-3 meters, and the ore in a single stope is mined in 8-20 passes. After a single stope is backfilled, a backfilling retaining wall is installed at access road 17 for the stope located above the cutting incline 4. Backfilling is then carried out through the backfilling return air shaft 3 into the goaf. After the stope located below the cutting incline 4 is backfilled, it is backfilled through access road 17. Step c involves backfilling the pillars 5 between the cutting incline 4 and the stope, and cementing and backfilling the goaf created by the backfilling pillars.

[0041] Rock drilling and blasting; when conducting production blasting in the mined stope 15, the depth of a single blast is 2-3m, using a central cone cut, smooth blasting, and one-time roadway formation, with millisecond detonating cord detonators for micro-delay initiation, and strictly controlling the amount of explosives in each blast to reduce the damage to the already filled stope 8 and the integrity of the adjacent stope 16 to be mined, the diameter of the blast holes 12 is 50-75mm, and the spacing between blast holes and rows is 0.6-1.0m; when mining the pillar 5 in the mining area, upward fan-shaped blast holes are drilled, and the depth of a single mining operation shall not exceed 3.5m to avoid insufficient space for expansion and ventilation difficulties.

[0042] Ventilation in the stope: Fresh air flows through the stage transport level roadway 13 into the cutting incline 4, and then into the stope through the access road 17. Fans are added in the stope to clean the working face and extract the polluted air from the working face. The polluted air is discharged through the cutting incline 4 to the filling return air shaft 3, and then discharged to the surface through the filling return air shaft 3.

[0043] In the mining of the lower left stope, the ore pile 10 in the stope is transported downwards along the cutting incline 4 by a trackless loader 11 to the stage transport level 13, then unloaded into the pass through the stage transport level 13, and finally hoisted to the surface ore bin by skip transport. In the mining of the upper right stope, the ore pile 10 in the stope is transported upwards along the cutting incline 4 by a trackless loader 11 to the previous stage transport level 2, then unloaded into the pass through the previous stage transport level 2, and finally hoisted to the surface ore bin by skip transport.

[0044] The embodiments described above are some, but not all, of the embodiments of this application. The detailed description of the embodiments of this application is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method of Z-shape counter mining of gently inclined thin ore bodies, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: The gently inclined thin ore body is divided into different stages according to the stage transportation drift in the ore body, and the top and bottom pillars are reserved between the stages, the mining area is arranged along the strike of the ore body, the inter-pillar is reserved between each mining area, the strip-shaped ore room is divided in the mining area, the ore room is taken as the basic mining unit for mining, the ore room is arranged in pseudo-inclination, and the thickness of the ore room is consistent with the thickness of the stage; The cutting rise is excavated from the stage transportation drift in the ore body, the cutting rise is connected with the stage transportation drift and the previous stage transportation drift, the cutting rise is arranged in pseudo-inclination and is perpendicular to the inclination direction of the ore room, and the filling air return shaft is connected with the ground; During the mining, the ore room part at the bottom end of the cutting rise and the ore room part at the top end of the cutting rise are alternately mined, the ore room is cemented and filled, the ore pillar in the mining area is mined and cemented and filled, the ore room at the bottom end of the cutting rise in the mining area is mined by the step a, then the ore room at the top end of the cutting rise in the mining area is mined by the step b, the step a and the step b are alternately performed, the ore pillar in the mining area is mined by the step c after the ore room is cemented and filled, and the ore pillar is cemented and filled after the mining.

2. The gently inclined thin ore body Z-shape counter-mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ore chute is not arranged in the mining area.

3. The gently inclined thin ore body Z-shape counter-mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the ore room part at the bottom end of the cutting rise and the ore room part at the top end of the cutting rise are alternately mined, the ore pillar with a width of 3-5 m is reserved after the ore room is mined.

4. The gently inclined thin ore body Z-shape counter longwall mining method of claim 1, wherein, When the production blasting is performed in the ore room, the center conical cutting, smooth blasting and one-time roadway forming method is adopted, when the ore pillar in the mining area is mined, the upward fan-shaped blast hole is drilled, and the single mining does not exceed 3.5 m.

5. The gently inclined thin ore body Z-shape counter longwall mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the ventilation of the mining area, the fresh air flows into the cutting rise through the stage transportation drift, and then flows into the mining area; the fan is additionally arranged in the mining area, the fan is used to extract the dirty air after the working face is cleaned, and then the dirty air is discharged from the working face of the mining area to the filling air return shaft, and then is discharged to the ground through the filling air return shaft.

6. The gently inclined thin ore body Z-orientation mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the transportation of the mining area, when the ore room part at the bottom end of the cutting rise is mined, the ore in the mining area is transported to the stage transportation drift along the cutting rise by the trackless equipment, is unloaded through the stage transportation drift to the ore chute, and finally is lifted to the ground ore bin by the skip; when the ore room part at the top end of the cutting rise is mined, the ore in the mining area is transported to the previous stage transportation drift along the cutting rise by the trackless equipment, is unloaded through the previous stage transportation drift to the ore chute, and finally is lifted to the ground ore bin by the skip.

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