Device and method for monitoring highway slope stability using inclinometer and tripod

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of slope stability monitoring, and specifically to a device for monitoring the stability of highway slopes using an inclinometer and a tripod, and a method for using the device. The tripod and the inclinometer are installed obliquely on the slope. When the slope is displaced, the inclinometer converts the displacement data into an angle change value and sends it to a back-end server. The back-end server converts the received angle change value or converts it into a slope displacement and compares it with a preset threshold value, thereby achieving full-line monitoring of the highway slope. The monitoring device has a low cost, the monitoring data is reliable, and it is not affected by weather or vegetation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of slope stability monitoring, and more specifically, to a device and method for monitoring the stability of a highway slope using an inclinometer and a tripod. Background Art

[0002] Currently, my country's total highway mileage exceeds 5 million kilometers, with over 150,000 kilometers of expressways nationwide. Slope excavation during highway construction disrupts the equilibrium of the natural slope rock and soil. Under the influence of external factors such as rainfall and vibration, this can easily trigger geological disasters such as landslides and collapses, resulting in loss of life and property. Highway slope geological disasters are characterized by their concealment, suddenness, and significant damage. Because highways typically range from tens to hundreds of kilometers in length, conventional slope monitoring methods are often limited to specific slopes. These methods, such as Beidou satellite base stations, earth pressure gauges, automatic total stations, inclinometers, rain gauges, and rangefinders, are typically installed and coordinated on specific slopes. This can be costly when used over large areas. Furthermore, some monitoring equipment is susceptible to weather conditions, such as rainfall interference with lidar and temperature fluctuations affecting static levels. Due to the high cost, highway maintenance departments mainly use regular inspections to monitor the stability of highway slopes. This method has disadvantages such as untimely data collection, insufficient information coverage, missed inspections, and misinformation. It is still unable to monitor slopes that are far away, highly hidden, or have early-stage diseases.

[0003] Highway slope stability has always been a prominent issue. Although some slopes have been supported during construction, various uncertainties can still lead to landslides, collapses, and landslides during operation. Unsupported slopes are even more susceptible to these hazards, severely impacting highway operational safety. Slope deformation, instability, and failure often progress through creep, uniform motion, accelerated motion, and ultimately failure. The most intuitive manifestation of this process is surface displacement. Once surface movement occurs, it can be considered that the slope is beginning to become unstable.

[0004] Therefore, a device and method that is low-cost, provides reliable data, is not affected by weather, and can monitor the slopes of the entire highway is in urgent need of invention. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings, thereby inventing a device for monitoring the stability of highway slopes using an inclinometer and a tripod.

[0006] The above technical objectives of the present invention are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A device for monitoring the stability of a highway slope using an inclinometer and a tripod comprises an inclinometer and a tripod for supporting the inclinometer; the inclinometer is fixedly mounted on the top of the tripod; and a rod assembly for fixing the tripod to the soil is hinged at the bottom of the tripod.

[0008] Preferably, the tripod includes: a top plate, a first support rod, and two second support rods; the length of the first support rod is greater than the length of the second support rod; the top plate is fixedly connected to the top of the first support rod and the tops of the two second support rods, respectively; the inclinometer is fixedly mounted on the top plate; the rod assembly includes: a first rod corresponding to the first support rod, and two second rods corresponding one-to-one to the second support rods; the length of the first rod is less than the length of the second rod; the bottom of the first support rod is hinged to the first rod; the bottom of the second support rod is hinged to the second rod.

[0009] Preferably, the first brace and the two second braces are projected at 120° to each other in a plane; and the angles between the first brace, the two second braces and the top plate are all 60°.

[0010] Preferably, a first corbel is provided on the first insertion rod for facilitating the insertion of the first insertion rod into the soil; and a second corbel is provided on the second insertion rod for facilitating the insertion of the second insertion rod into the soil.

[0011] Preferably, the inclinometer has a resolution of at least 0.001° and an accuracy of at least 0.01°.

[0012] Preferably, the inclinometer is connected in parallel to a 4G gateway with a network communication module.

[0013] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting road slope stability using the above-mentioned device, which comprises the following steps:

[0014] S1. Installing the device on the slope to be monitored;

[0015] S2. identifying the reading of the device as an initial angle;

[0016] S3. After a certain period of time, the reading of the device is read as the displacement angle;

[0017] S4. Calculating the slope surface displacement of the slope according to the displacement angle and the initial angle;

[0018] S5. Compare the slope displacement with a preset threshold range. If the slope displacement is greater than the preset threshold range, determine that the slope is in an unstable state and there is a risk of landslide.

[0019] Preferably, the steps for installing the device on the slope to be monitored are: inserting the first rod into the slope surface and vertically inserting the two second rods into the slope foot, so that the tripod and the inclinometer are installed obliquely on the slope to be monitored; wherein the connecting line at the hinge of the two second rods is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the road.

[0020] Preferably, the inclinometer and the top plate of the tripod cannot be installed horizontally or vertically, but need to be installed at an angle; the line connecting the two second rod hinges is used as the base of the triangle, and the first rod hinge is used as the vertex of the triangle, and it is necessary to ensure that the line connecting the vertex and the base cannot be balanced with the slope.

[0021] Preferably, the slope displacement is calculated as follows: slope displacement d = (displacement angle - initial angle) * L / 180, where L is the hinge distance.

[0022] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) It is compact, inexpensive, provides reliable data, is not affected by weather, has an automatic warning function, and can realize long-distance slope monitoring along highways. (2) The bottom of the tripod is provided with a plug rod, which is hinged to the tripod and can be flexibly rotated. The hinged end with the support rod is provided with a bracket for hammering into the slope during installation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the device in the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 It is a front view of the tripod of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a side view of the tripod of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a top view of the tripod of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a front view of the first insertion rod of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention installed on a slope;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the device of the present invention after the slope is displaced.

[0030] In the figure: 1. Inclinometer; 2. Tripod; 21. Top plate; 22. First support rod; 23. Second support rod; 3. Rod assembly; 31. First support rod; 311. First corbel; 32. Second support rod; 321. Second corbel; 4. Slope; 41. Slope foot; 42. Slope surface; 5. Ditch; 6. Guardrail; 7. Road surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings. The accompanying drawings illustrate several embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0032] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be a communication between the two components. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to the specific circumstances. The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

[0033] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, or may include the first and second features being in contact not directly but through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature includes the first feature being directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "above," "below," and similar expressions are for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0034] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] The present invention provides a device for monitoring the stability of highway slopes using an inclinometer and a tripod, comprising: an inclinometer 1 and a tripod 2 for supporting the inclinometer 1; the inclinometer 1 is fixedly mounted on the top of the tripod 2; and a rod assembly 3 is hingedly connected to the bottom of the tripod 2 for fixing the tripod 2 to the soil.

[0036] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the inclinometer 1 is fixed to the top of a tripod 1 with bolts or clips. A plunger assembly 3 is hinged to the bottom of the tripod 1 via a pin. The bottom of the plunger assembly 3 is inserted into the soil, securing the tripod 2 and the inclinometer to the slope. When the slope shifts, the position of the tripod 2 changes, causing the inclinometer 1 to change, generating a change in inclination angle. This change in inclination angle is then used to calculate the slope displacement.

[0037] Furthermore, the tripod 2 includes: a top plate 21, a first support rod 22, and two second support rods 23; the length of the first support rod 22 is greater than the length of the second support rod 23; the top plate 21 is fixedly connected to the top of the first support rod 22 and the top of the two second support rods 23 respectively; the inclinometer 1 is fixedly mounted on the top plate 21; the rod assembly 3 includes: a first rod 31 corresponding to the first support rod 22, and two second rods 32 corresponding one by one to the second support rods 23; the length of the first rod 31 is less than the length of the second rod 32; the bottom of the first support rod 22 is hinged to the first rod 31; the bottom of the second support rod 23 is hinged to the second rod 32.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the first support rod 22 is hinged to the top of the first insertion rod 31 via a pin; the second support rod 23 is hinged to the top of the second insertion rod 32 via a pin; the first support rod 22 and the two second support rods 23 are fixed to the bottom of the top plate 21 by welding; the inclinometer 1 is fixed to the top of the top plate 21 via bolts or clips; the inclinometer 1 rotates in the cross section of the road about the line connecting the hinges of the two second support rods 23, that is, the tripod 2 can only rotate in one direction, and all hinges rotate in parallel, rotating within the plane of the cross section of the road. The first support rod 22, the second support rod 23, the first insertion rod 31, and the second insertion rod 32 are all round rods; the length of the first insertion rod 31 is 1m, the length of the second insertion rod 32 is 2m, the length of the first support rod 22 is 1.2m, and the length of the second support rod 23 is 0.3m.

[0039] Furthermore, the first support rod 22 and the two second support rods 23 are 120° apart in plane projection; and the angles between the first support rod 22 , the two second support rods 23 and the top plate 21 are all 60°.

[0040] like Figures 3-4 As shown, in order to improve the stability of the tripod 2 installed on the slope, the first support rod 22 and the two second support rods 23 are 120° apart in plane projection (see the top view of the tripod 2); the angles between the first support rod 22, the two second support rods 23 and the top plate 21 are all 60° (see the side view of the tripod 2).

[0041] Furthermore, a first corbel 311 is provided on the first insertion rod 31 for facilitating the insertion of the first insertion rod 31 into the soil; and a second corbel 321 is provided on the second insertion rod 32 for facilitating the insertion of the second insertion rod 32 into the soil.

[0042] When installing the tripod 2 , the first bracket 311 is hammered to insert the first insertion rod 31 into the slope 42 ; the second bracket 321 is hammered to insert the second insertion rod 32 into the slope foot 41 .

[0043] Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of measuring slope displacement, the inclinometer 1 has a resolution of at least 0.001° and an accuracy of at least 0.01°.

[0044] Furthermore, in order to send the inclination change value or slope displacement data to the background server for automatic alarm detection, the inclinometer 1 is connected in parallel to a 4G gateway with a network communication module.

[0045] A method for monitoring road slope stability using the above device comprises the following steps:

[0046] S1. Install the device on the slope 4 to be monitored; specifically as follows:

[0047] The tripod 1 and the inclinometer 2 are installed at an angle on the slope 4 to be monitored by means of the first and second support rods 31 and 32. The second support rod 23 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the road and slightly lower than the first support rod 22 and is installed at the slope foot 41. The first support rod 22 is used as the monitoring point and is slightly higher than the second support rod 23 and is installed on the slope surface 42.

[0048] In addition, in order to facilitate the stability of the detection data, the inclinometer 1 and the top plate 21 of the tripod 2 cannot be installed horizontally or vertically, but must be installed at an angle; when installing the tripod 2, the connecting line of the hinge in the rotation direction ( Figure 7 The dotted line L in the figure cannot be parallel to the slope surface 42, otherwise the displacement of the slope 4 cannot be measured. The angle between the hinge line and the slope surface 42 should be as large as possible (not exceeding 90°), but the actual installation situation on site must be considered.

[0049] S2, identifying the reading of the inclinometer 1 just after installation, and recording it as the initial angle θ0;

[0050] S3. After a certain period of time, such as 5 seconds, 1 hour, 2 hours, or 1 day, identify the reading of the inclinometer 1 and record it as the displacement angle θ1 of the slope 4;

[0051] S4. Calculate the slope displacement d of slope 4; specifically: d = (θ1-θ0) * L / 180, where L is the hinge distance (i.e. Figure 6 The length of the dotted line L in the figure), d takes a positive value;

[0052] S5. Compare the slope displacement with a preset threshold range. If the slope displacement is greater than the preset threshold range, it is determined that the slope 4 is in an unstable state and there is a risk of landslide.

[0053] The slope displacement d refers to the displacement of the slope 4 along the slope 42 direction, such as Figure 7 Hinge spacing L is the distance between the first strut 22 and the line connecting the two second struts 23 (see Figure 7 dotted line L in the figure).

[0054] The above-mentioned initial angle θ0, displacement angle θ1, and slope displacement d can be read and calculated on-site by highway maintenance personnel, so as to judge the stability state of slope 4 on-site; the detected data can also be transmitted to the background server for processing to realize remote automatic detection of the stability state of slope 4.

[0055] Furthermore, the steps for installing the device on the slope 4 to be monitored are: inserting the first rod 31 into the slope surface 42, and vertically inserting the two second rods 32 into the slope foot 41, so that the tripod 2 and the inclinometer 1 are installed obliquely on the slope 4 to be monitored; wherein, the connecting line at the hinge of the two second rods 32 is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the road.

[0056] Furthermore, the inclinometer 1 and the top plate 21 of the tripod 2 cannot be installed horizontally or vertically, but need to be installed at an angle; the line connecting the hinges of the two second rods 32 is used as the base of the triangle, and the hinge of the first rod 31 is used as the vertex of the triangle, and it is necessary to ensure that the line connecting the vertex and the base cannot be balanced with the slope 42.

[0057] In this embodiment, the inclinometer 1 has a resolution of 0.001° and an accuracy of 0.01°. It is powered by weak current and connected to a gateway with 4G communication. The gateway sends real-time monitoring data to the monitoring personnel's computer software, and the alarm threshold range can be set in the software.

[0058] Assuming the hinge distance is L, when the slope surface moves d, the inclination angle changes by d / L (radians), which is converted into an angle of 180d / L (i.e. Figure 7 angle θ in the image).

[0059] For example, assuming a hinge distance of 1000mm and a 20mm displacement on the slope, the angle change is 3.6°. The inclinometer has an accuracy of 0.01°. If the hinge distance is 1000mm, inclinometer 1 can monitor the deformation of slope 4 with an accuracy of 0.05mm. If inclinometer 1 detects an angle change of 3.6°, it indicates a 20mm displacement on slope 4. If the software threshold is set between 0 and 25mm, the system will not issue an alarm. However, if the angle change reaches 5.00°, it indicates a 27.75 to 27.80mm displacement on slope 4, and the system will issue an alarm.

[0060] like Figure 7 As shown, when the entire slope 42 is sliding, the inclinometer 1 will tilt significantly and its value will change greatly. If the value of the inclinometer 1 changes greatly, or there is no value (damaged), it can be determined that the entire slope 42 has slipped.

[0061] To monitor long-distance slopes 4 along highways, a gateway can be installed for each slope 4, or a single gateway can be used for closely spaced slopes 4. This means that multiple inclinometers 1 can share a single 4G gateway. The 4G gateway remotely transmits data from multiple inclinometers 1 to the computers of highway maintenance personnel. A single computer can be assigned to run the software 24 / 7 for monitoring, enabling unified monitoring of all slope deformations. If the displacement of a specific point exceeds a deformation threshold, the software automatically triggers an alarm to alert maintenance personnel. All inclinometers 1 and the 4G gateway are connected in parallel. If a single inclinometer 1 fails, it will not affect the backend server's readings of the other inclinometers 1.

[0062] The cost of the device used in the above monitoring process is about 1,200 yuan, which is relatively low. The installation spacing is 5 to 10 meters, which can save a lot of costs.

[0063] In summary, compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following advantages: (1) It is compact, inexpensive, provides reliable data, is not affected by weather, has an automatic warning function, and can achieve long-distance slope monitoring along highways. (2) The bottom of the tripod is provided with a plug rod, which is hinged to the tripod and can be flexibly rotated. The hinged end with the support rod is provided with a bracket for hammering into the slope during installation.

[0064] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. All technical solutions based on the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications that do not depart from the principles of the present invention should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring road slope stability using an inclinometer and a tripod, characterized in that: include: An inclinometer and a tripod for supporting the inclinometer; the inclinometer is fixedly mounted on the top of the tripod; A rod assembly is hinged at the bottom of the tripod for fixing the tripod on the soil; The tripod comprises: a top plate, a first support rod, and two second support rods; the length of the first support rod is greater than the length of the second support rod; the top plate is fixedly connected to the top of the first support rod and the tops of the two second support rods respectively; the inclinometer is fixedly mounted on the top plate; the rod assembly comprises: a first rod corresponding to the first support rod, and two second rods corresponding one-to-one to the second support rods; the length of the first rod is less than the length of the second rod; the bottom of the first support rod is hinged to the first rod; the bottom of the second support rod is hinged to the second rod; The first support rod and the two second support rods are projected at 120° to each other in a plane; the angles between the first support rod, the two second support rods and the top plate are all 60°; The first insertion rod is provided with a first bracket for facilitating the insertion of the first insertion rod into the soil; the second insertion rod is provided with a second bracket for facilitating the insertion of the second insertion rod into the soil; During installation, insert the first rod into the slope surface and the two second rods vertically into the slope foot, so that the tripod is installed obliquely on the slope, and the connecting line of the two second rods' hinges is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the road.

2. The device for monitoring road slope stability using an inclinometer and a tripod according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclinometer has a resolution of at least 0.001° and an accuracy of at least 0.01°.

3. The device for monitoring road slope stability using an inclinometer and a tripod according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inclinometer is connected in parallel to a 4G gateway with a network communication module.

4. A method for monitoring road slope stability using a device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps: S1. Installing the device on the slope to be monitored; S2. identifying the reading of the device as an initial angle; S3. After a certain period of time, the reading of the device is read as the displacement angle; S4. Calculating the slope surface displacement of the slope according to the displacement angle and the initial angle; S5. Compare the slope displacement with a preset threshold range. If the slope displacement is greater than the preset threshold range, determine that the slope is in an unstable state and there is a risk of landslide.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The steps for installing the device on the slope to be monitored are: inserting the first rod into the slope surface and vertically inserting two second rods into the slope foot, so that the tripod and the inclinometer are installed obliquely on the slope to be monitored; wherein the connecting line of the hinged joints of the two second rods is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the road.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The inclinometer and the top plate of the tripod cannot be installed horizontally or vertically, but must be installed at an angle; the line connecting the hinges of the two second rods is used as the base of the triangle, and the hinge of the first rod is used as the vertex of the triangle. It is necessary to ensure that the line connecting the vertex and the base cannot be balanced with the slope.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The calculation method of slope displacement is: slope displacement d = (displacement angle - initial angle) * L / 180, where L is the hinge distance.

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