Multi-axis interface test device and method for filling body and ore rock mass in deep well mining process

Abstract

A multi-axial interface test device and method for backfill and rock mass during deep-well mining is disclosed. The device includes a reaction frame assembly, a maximum principal stress loading assembly, an intermediate principal stress loading assembly, a minimum principal stress loading assembly, a sample preparation assembly, and a mining information sensing assembly. The method comprises: using real rock blocks on a sample-bearing slide to prepare the rock mass; in-situ pouring of slurry into a simulated goaf between the rock mass and the backfill; after the backfill solidifies, the mold is removed, and the entire model sample is pushed into the sample loading cavity of the reaction frame. The reaction frame is then sealed, and the prepared model sample is cured within the reaction frame. During the curing period, consolidation stress is applied to the model sample according to the design value until the model sample reaches a set curing age; after the model sample reaches the set curing age, three-dimensional stress loading is applied to the model sample to simulate the mining process, and mining data is collected during the simulated mining process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of deep well mining dynamics testing, and in particular relates to a device and method for testing a multi-axial interface between a filling body and a rock mass in a deep well mining process. Background Art

[0002] The staged open-site and subsequent filling method is a combined open-site and filling mining method. Due to the application of filling technology, it not only effectively controls the ground pressure activities during mining, but also reduces the construction of tailings ponds, partial consumption of surface tailings storage, and the high proportion of filling costs in the total mining costs. It has become the preferred method for ultra-deep large-scale mining.

[0003] When the open-stop and subsequent filling mining method is used for ultra-large-scale deep mining, the stope is often designed to be tall and narrow for efficiency. The ore body is generally divided into continuous mine rooms and pillar stopes, and a two-step mining method of "mining one every other stope" is adopted.

[0004] However, the tight integration of the surrounding rock and backfill in the goaf creates large geological structures up to hundreds of meters in size. The coordinated deformation of the high-steep backfill and the surrounding ore body during mining, as well as the self-supporting stability after exposure, have become bottlenecks in ultra-large-scale deep mining, and this issue urgently needs to be explored at its source. Furthermore, current stability analyses focus on issues such as damage to the backfill caused by mining blasting, the sequence of blasting exposure of the surrounding ore body, and the long-term self-supporting nature of the backfill.

[0005] At present, in view of the insecurity and difficulty of in-situ test monitoring, in order to study the mining laws of filling mining areas, it is recommended to use similar physical model tests to carry out relevant tests. However, at this stage, there is no suitable device and method that can meet the requirements of conducting multi-axial interface tests of filling bodies and ore rock masses in deep well mining processes. Therefore, the existing similar physical model test equipment does not have the ability to accurately test the mechanical behavior of ore rock masses and filling bodies in three-dimensional stress space. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In response to the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-axial interface testing device and method for filling bodies and ore rock bodies in the deep well mining process, which has the ability to accurately test the mechanical behavior of ore rock bodies and filling bodies in three-dimensional stress space.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a multi-axis interface test device for filling bodies and ore rock bodies in a deep well mining process, comprising a reaction frame assembly, a maximum principal stress loading assembly, an intermediate principal stress loading assembly, a minimum principal stress loading assembly and a sample preparation assembly; the reaction frame assembly comprises a base, a first column, a second column, a crossbeam, a first vertical plate, a second vertical plate, a first pull rod group and a second pull rod group; the base is fixedly installed on the ground; the first column and the second column are fixedly mounted on the top of the base in mirror symmetry, and the space between the first column and the second column serves as a sample loading chamber; a first guide column is vertically fixed on the top of the first column; a second guide column is vertically fixed on the top of the second column; the crossbeam is located above the first column and the second column, and a first guide hole and a second guide hole are respectively opened on the crossbeam; the first guide column passes through the first guide hole ; The second guide column passes through the second guide hole; a first oil cylinder is vertically connected between the base on the outside of the first column and the crossbeam; a second oil cylinder is vertically connected between the base on the outside of the second column and the crossbeam; the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate are respectively located on the left and right sides of the sample loading cavity; the first pull rod group is distributed on the same side as the first column, one end of the first pull rod group is connected to the first vertical plate by a lock, and the other end of the first pull rod group is connected to the second vertical plate by a lock; the second pull rod group is distributed on the same side as the second column, one end of the second pull rod group is connected to the first vertical plate by a lock, and the other end of the second pull rod group is connected to the second vertical plate by a lock; the maximum principal stress loading assembly is arranged on the crossbeam; the intermediate principal stress loading assembly is arranged on the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate; the minimum principal stress loading assembly is arranged on the first column and the second column; the sample preparation assembly is arranged on the base.

[0008] A first supporting platform is fixed on the ground below the first vertical plate, a first slide rail group is fixed on the upper surface of the first supporting platform, a slide frame is provided above the first supporting platform, and the slide frame is slidably connected to the first slide rail group through a slider; a second slide rail group is fixed on the slide frame, and the first vertical plate is slidably connected to the second slide rail group through a slider; a vertical plate pushing cylinder is connected between the first vertical plate and the slide frame.

[0009] A second support platform is fixed on the ground below the second vertical plate. A third slide rail group is uniformly provided on the upper surfaces of the second support platform, the base and the first support platform. The second vertical plate is slidably connected to the third slide rail group through a slider.

[0010] The maximum principal stress loading assembly includes a first hydraulic bag and a second hydraulic bag; a hydraulic bag installation groove is opened on the lower surface of the beam, the first hydraulic bag is arranged on the lower surface of the beam through the hydraulic bag installation groove, and the second hydraulic bag is located below the first hydraulic bag.

[0011] The intermediate main stress loading assembly includes a first actuator array, a dynamic actuator, a third hydraulic bag and a fourth hydraulic bag; the first actuator array is fixed on the first vertical plate, and the third hydraulic bag is fixed on the first actuator array; the dynamic actuator is fixed on the second vertical plate, and the fourth hydraulic bag is fixed on the dynamic actuator; a support pad is fixed at the bottom of the dynamic actuator, and the support pad is slidably connected to the third slide rail group through a slider.

[0012] The minimum principal stress loading assembly includes a second actuator array and a third actuator array; an actuator mounting groove is provided on the inner surface of the first column, and the second actuator array is provided on the inner surface of the first column through the actuator mounting groove; an actuator mounting groove is provided on the inner surface of the second column, and the third actuator array is provided on the inner surface of the second column through the actuator mounting groove.

[0013] The sample preparation assembly includes a sample carrying slide and a sample forming mold; the sample carrying slide is slidably connected to the third slide rail group through a slider, and a slide lifting cylinder is provided between the slider and the bottom of the sample carrying slide; a slide pushing cylinder is connected between the sample carrying slide and the first support platform.

[0014] The multi-axis interface test device for filling body and ore rock mass in the deep well mining process also includes a mining information sensing component, which includes a dynamic fiber grating, a load sensor, a pressure sensor, a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, an LVDT displacement sensor and an acoustic emission sensor; the dynamic fiber grating is pre-buried in the filling body of the model sample; the first actuator array, the second actuator array, the third actuator array and the dynamic actuator are all equipped with load sensors and LVDT displacement sensors; the first hydraulic bladder, the second hydraulic bladder, the third hydraulic bladder and the fourth hydraulic bladder are all equipped with pressure sensors; the dynamic actuator is equipped with a magnetostrictive displacement sensor; and acoustic emission sensors are arranged between the second actuator array and the third actuator array and the ore rock mass of the model sample.

[0015] A multi-axial interface test method for filling body and ore rock mass during deep well mining process, using the multi-axial interface test device for filling body and ore rock mass during deep well mining process, comprises the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Use real rock blocks to prepare the ore rock mass. The number of ore rock masses prepared is two. One side of the ore rock mass is set as an inclined surface. The ore rock mass is used to simulate the surrounding rock conditions of the stope.

[0017] Step 2: Use a crane to hoist the two prepared rock masses onto the sample loading platform so that the inclined surfaces of the two rock masses face each other. The space between the two inclined surfaces is used to simulate the goaf.

[0018] Step 3: Fix the baffles around and on the top of the two placed ore rock masses. After the baffles are installed, a sample forming mold is formed. Grouting holes are left on the baffles on the top of the ore rock mass. The joints between the baffles and the joints between the baffles and the sample bearing slide are sealed with waterproof glue.

[0019] Step 4: Pour slurry into the sample forming mold through the grouting holes on the top baffle of the ore body, and pre-embed the dynamic fiber grating during the slurry pouring process. When the poured slurry is completely solidified, the filling body is prepared, and the model sample formed by the filling body and the ore body is also prepared;

[0020] Step 5: Remove the specimen forming mold around the model specimen to fully expose the prepared model specimen. Then, control the slide lift cylinder at the bottom of the specimen carrying slide to extend. The piston rod of the slide lift cylinder first presses against the slider below. As the slide lift cylinder continues to extend, the piston rod of the slide lift cylinder cannot move further. At this time, the cylinder barrel of the slide lift cylinder will move upward, driving the specimen carrying slide to lift upward until the specimen carrying slide is out of contact with the first support platform.

[0021] Step 6: Control the piston rod of the slide push cylinder to extend, and push the specimen carrying slide along the third slide rail assembly into the specimen loading cavity between the first column and the second column. Then control the slide lifting cylinder at the bottom of the specimen carrying slide to retract. The cylinder barrel of the slide lifting cylinder first moves downward, and drives the specimen carrying slide to fall back downward until the specimen carrying slide contacts the base. As the slide lifting cylinder continues to retract, the cylinder barrel of the slide lifting cylinder no longer moves, and the piston rod of the slide lifting cylinder continues to retract upward and disengages from the slider.

[0022] Step 7: Disconnect the connection between the piston rod of the slide push cylinder and the specimen carrying slide, then control the piston rod of the slide push cylinder to retract until the end of the piston rod of the slide push cylinder moves under the slide frame, and then fix the end of the piston rod of the slide push cylinder to the slide frame;

[0023] Step 8: Control the piston rod of the slide-moving oil cylinder to extend, push the slide frame along the first slide rail assembly toward the model sample, so that the third hydraulic bag approaches the model sample but does not contact the model sample, then control the piston rod of the vertical plate-moving oil cylinder to extend, push the first vertical plate along the second slide rail assembly toward the model sample, so that the third hydraulic bag contacts the model sample, and at the same time, make the first and second tie rod groups enter the lock of the first vertical plate, and then use the lock to fix the first and second tie rod groups to the first vertical plate;

[0024] Step 9: Control the piston rods of the first and second oil cylinders to retract downward synchronously, driving the crossbeam to fall downward along the first and second columns until the crossbeam contacts the first and second columns. At this time, the reaction frame is in its final form.

[0025] Step 10: Curing the prepared model specimen in the reaction frame in the final form. During the curing period, the first hydraulic bladder, the second hydraulic bladder, the third hydraulic bladder, the fourth hydraulic bladder, the second actuator array, and the third actuator array cooperate to apply consolidation stress to the model specimen according to the designed value until the model specimen reaches the set curing age.

[0026] Step 11: When the model specimen reaches the set curing age, the first and second hydraulic bladders cooperate to apply the maximum principal stress to the model specimen, and the first actuator array and the dynamic actuator cooperate to apply the intermediate principal stress to the model specimen. At this time, the third and fourth hydraulic bladders only serve as flexible force transmission components, and the second and third actuator arrays cooperate to apply the minimum principal stress to the model specimen;

[0027] Step 12: The model specimen is subjected to three-dimensional stress loading by the cooperation of the first hydraulic bladder, the second hydraulic bladder, the first actuator array, the dynamic actuator, the second actuator array and the third actuator array to simulate the mining process. During the simulated mining process, the deformation data of the filling body is collected by the dynamic fiber grating, the boundary stress of the model specimen is collected by the load sensor and the pressure sensor, the overall deformation data of the model specimen is collected by the magnetostrictive displacement sensor and the LVDT displacement sensor, and the acoustic emission signal of the model specimen during the loading process is collected by the acoustic emission sensor.

[0028] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0029] The present invention provides a multi-axial interface test device and method for filling bodies and ore rock bodies in a deep well mining process. The sample in the device uses real rock blocks to simulate the ore rock body, realizes the simulation of surrounding rock conditions, and at the same time, the filling body is prepared by in-situ pouring slurry, which can simulate the filling body strength formation process under different underground maintenance conditions; the present invention can simulate the physical similarity model of meter-scale dynamic disturbance under true triaxial stress conditions, and according to the two-step mining method, it can meet the research on the stress distribution law of the filling body in the stope in one step, the research on the friction effect between the filling body and the ore rock body cross section, and the one-step method required to maintain the safety of the two-step mining. The research on the design strength of the filling body in the mining area is used to guide the mine to reduce production costs and improve operating efficiency under safe and stable conditions; the present invention can realize the perception of filling body rupture and instability under three-dimensional limit equilibrium conditions, can meet the research on the failure mode of the filling body under multi-axial stress state, and can meet the research on the transfer of arch effect and construction mechanism before and after the exposure of high and narrow filling bodies; the present invention can meet the restoration of the active deformation of the self-weight compression consolidation of the underground filling body with boundary constraints, can meet the restoration of the passive compression deformation caused by the low-pressure change induced by the mining engineering behavior, and meet the establishment of the elastic-plastic compression constitutive model of the filling body under true triaxial conditions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of the multi-axial interface test device for filling and rock mass during deep well mining according to the present invention (initial state);

[0031] Figure 2 A three-dimensional diagram of a multi-axial interface test device for filling and rock mass during deep well mining according to the present invention (with a sample prepared in a sample forming mold);

[0032] Figure 3 A three-dimensional diagram of the multi-axial interface test device for filling and rock mass during deep well mining according to the present invention (when the sample forming mold is removed and the sample is fed into the sample loading chamber);

[0033] Figure 4 This is a front view (partial cross-section) of the multi-axial interface test device for filling and rock mass during deep well mining of the present invention (when the sample forming mold is removed and the sample is placed into the sample loading chamber);

[0034] Figure 5 A side view (partial cross-section) of the multi-axial interface test apparatus for filling and rock mass during deep well mining according to the present invention (when the sample forming mold is removed and the sample is fed into the sample loading chamber);

[0035] In the figure, 1 is the base, 2 is the first column, 3 is the second column, 4 is the crossbeam, 5 is the first vertical plate, 6 is the second vertical plate, 7 is the first pull rod group, 8 is the second pull rod group, 9 is the first guide column, 10 is the second guide column, 11 is the first oil cylinder, 12 is the second oil cylinder, 13 is the first supporting platform, 14 is the first slide rail group, 15 is the slide frame, 16 is the second slide rail group, 17 is the vertical plate pushing oil cylinder, 18 is the slide pushing oil cylinder, 1 9—second support platform, 20—third slide rail group, 21—first hydraulic bladder, 22—second hydraulic bladder, 23—first actuator array, 24—dynamic actuator, 25—third hydraulic bladder, 26—fourth hydraulic bladder, 27—support pad, 28—second actuator array, 29—third actuator array, 30—specimen carrying slide, 31—specimen forming mold, 32—slide lifting cylinder, 33—filling body, 34—ore rock body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, a multi-axis interface test device for filling bodies and ore rock bodies in a deep well mining process includes a reaction frame assembly, a maximum principal stress loading assembly, an intermediate principal stress loading assembly, a minimum principal stress loading assembly and a sample preparation assembly; the reaction frame assembly includes a base 1, a first column 2, a second column 3, a crossbeam 4, a first vertical plate 5, a second vertical plate 6, a first pull rod group 7 and a second pull rod group 8; the base 1 is fixedly installed on the ground; the first column 2 and the second column 3 are fixedly mounted on the top of the base 1 in a mirror-symmetrical manner, and the space between the first column 2 and the second column 3 serves as a sample loading cavity; a first guide column 9 is vertically fixedly mounted on the top of the first column 2; a second guide column 10 is vertically fixedly mounted on the top of the second column 3; the crossbeam 4 is located above the first column 2 and the second column 3, and a first guide hole and a second guide hole are respectively opened on the crossbeam 4; the first guide column 9 passes through the first guide hole; the second guide column 10 passes through the second guide hole Two guide holes; a first oil cylinder 11 is vertically connected between the base 1 and the beam 4 on the outside of the first column 2; a second oil cylinder 12 is vertically connected between the base 1 and the beam 4 on the outside of the second column 3; the first vertical plate 5 and the second vertical plate 6 are respectively located on the left and right sides of the sample loading chamber; the first pull rod group 7 is distributed on the same side as the first column 2, one end of the first pull rod group 7 is connected to the first vertical plate 5 by a lock, and the other end of the first pull rod group 7 is connected to the second vertical plate 6 by a lock; the second pull rod group 8 is distributed on the same side as the second column 3, one end of the second pull rod group 8 is connected to the first vertical plate 5 by a lock, and the other end of the second pull rod group 8 is connected to the second vertical plate 6 by a lock; the maximum principal stress loading assembly is arranged on the beam 4; the intermediate principal stress loading assembly is arranged on the first vertical plate 5 and the second vertical plate 6; the minimum principal stress loading assembly is arranged on the first column 2 and the second column 3; the sample preparation assembly is arranged on the base 1.

[0038] A first supporting platform 13 is fixedly provided on the ground below the first vertical plate 5, a first slide rail group 14 is fixedly provided on the upper surface of the first supporting platform 13, a slide frame 15 is provided above the first supporting platform 13, and the slide frame 15 is slidably connected to the first slide rail group 14 through a slider; a second slide rail group 16 is fixedly provided on the slide frame 15, and the first vertical plate 5 is slidably connected to the second slide rail group 16 through a slider; a vertical plate pushing cylinder 17 is connected between the first vertical plate 5 and the slide frame 15.

[0039] A second support platform 19 is fixed on the ground below the second vertical plate 6. A third slide rail group 20 is uniformly provided on the upper surfaces of the second support platform 19, the base 1 and the first support platform 13. The second vertical plate 6 is slidably connected to the third slide rail group 20 through a slider.

[0040] The maximum principal stress loading assembly includes a first hydraulic bladder 21 and a second hydraulic bladder 22; a hydraulic bladder mounting groove is opened on the lower surface of the beam 4, the first hydraulic bladder 21 is arranged on the lower surface of the beam 4 through the hydraulic bladder mounting groove, and the second hydraulic bladder 22 is located below the first hydraulic bladder 21.

[0041] The intermediate main stress loading assembly includes a first actuator array 23, a dynamic actuator 24, a third hydraulic bag 25 and a fourth hydraulic bag 26; the first actuator array 23 is fixed on the first vertical plate 5, and the third hydraulic bag 25 is fixed on the first actuator array 23; the dynamic actuator 24 is fixed on the second vertical plate 6, and the fourth hydraulic bag 26 is fixed on the dynamic actuator 24; a support pad 27 is fixed at the bottom of the dynamic actuator 24, and the support pad 27 is slidably connected to the third slide rail group 20 through a slider.

[0042] The minimum principal stress loading assembly includes a second actuator array 28 and a third actuator array 29; an actuator mounting groove is provided on the inner surface of the first column 2, and the second actuator array 28 is provided on the inner surface of the first column 2 through the actuator mounting groove; an actuator mounting groove is provided on the inner surface of the second column 3, and the third actuator array 29 is provided on the inner surface of the second column 3 through the actuator mounting groove.

[0043] The sample preparation assembly includes a sample carrying slide 30 and a sample forming mold 31; the sample carrying slide 30 is slidably connected to the third slide rail group 20 through a slider, and a slide lifting cylinder 32 is provided between the slider and the bottom of the sample carrying slide 30; a slide pushing cylinder 18 is connected between the sample carrying slide 30 and the first support platform 13.

[0044] The multi-axis interface test device for filling body and ore rock mass in the deep well mining process also includes a mining information sensing component, which includes a dynamic fiber grating, a load sensor, a pressure sensor, a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, an LVDT displacement sensor and an acoustic emission sensor; the dynamic fiber grating is pre-buried in the filling body 33 of the model sample; the first actuator array 23, the second actuator array 28, the third actuator array 29 and the dynamic actuator 24 are all equipped with load sensors and LVDT displacement sensors; the first hydraulic bladder 21, the second hydraulic bladder 22, the third hydraulic bladder 25 and the fourth hydraulic bladder 26 are all equipped with pressure sensors; the dynamic actuator 24 is equipped with a magnetostrictive displacement sensor; and acoustic emission sensors are arranged between the second actuator array 28 and the third actuator array 29 and the ore rock mass 34 of the model sample.

[0045] A multi-axial interface test method for filling body and ore rock mass during deep well mining process, using the multi-axial interface test device for filling body and ore rock mass during deep well mining process, comprises the following steps:

[0046] Step 1: Prepare a rock mass 34 using real rock blocks. Two rock masses 34 are prepared, and one side of the rock mass 34 is set as an inclined surface to simulate the surrounding rock conditions of the stope. In this embodiment, the inclined surface of the rock mass 34 has an inclination angle of 80° to simulate the high and narrow characteristics of the rock mass 34.

[0047] Step 2: Use a crane to hoist two prepared ore and rock masses 34 onto the sample carrying slide 30, so that the inclined surfaces of the two ore and rock masses 34 face each other, and the space between the two inclined surfaces is used to simulate the goaf;

[0048] Step 3: Fix the baffles around and on top of the two placed ore and rock masses 34. After the baffles are installed, the sample forming mold 31 is formed. Grouting holes are left in the baffles on the top of the ore and rock masses 34. The joints between the baffles and the joints between the baffles and the sample carrying slide 30 are sealed with waterproof glue.

[0049] Step 4: Pour slurry into the sample forming mold 31 through the grouting holes on the top baffle of the ore body 34, and pre-embed the dynamic fiber grating during the slurry pouring process. When the poured slurry is completely solidified, the filling body 33 is prepared, and the model sample formed by the filling body 33 and the ore body 34 is also prepared. In this embodiment, the size of the model sample is 1000mm×1000mm×1000mm;

[0050] Step 5: Remove the sample forming mold 31 around the model sample to fully expose the prepared model sample. Then, control the slide lifting cylinder 32 at the bottom of the sample carrying slide 30 to extend. The piston rod of the slide lifting cylinder 32 first presses against the slider below. As the slide lifting cylinder 32 continues to extend, the piston rod of the slide lifting cylinder 32 cannot move further. At this time, the cylinder barrel of the slide lifting cylinder 32 will move upward, and drive the sample carrying slide 30 to lift upward until the sample carrying slide 30 is out of contact with the first support platform 13.

[0051] Step 6: Control the piston rod of the slide pushing cylinder 18 to extend, and push the sample carrying slide 30 along the third slide rail assembly 20 into the sample loading cavity between the first column 2 and the second column 3. Then control the slide lifting cylinder 32 at the bottom of the sample carrying slide 30 to retract. The cylinder barrel of the slide lifting cylinder 32 first moves downward, and drives the sample carrying slide 30 to fall back downward until the sample carrying slide 30 contacts the base 1. As the slide lifting cylinder 32 continues to retract, the cylinder barrel of the slide lifting cylinder 32 no longer moves, and the piston rod of the slide lifting cylinder 32 continues to retract upward and disengages from the slider.

[0052] Step 7: Disconnect the piston rod of the slide push cylinder 18 from the sample carrying slide 30, then control the piston rod of the slide push cylinder 18 to retract until the end of the piston rod of the slide push cylinder 18 moves below the slide frame 15, and then secure the end of the piston rod of the slide push cylinder 18 to the slide frame 15;

[0053] Step 8: Control the piston rod of the slide push cylinder 18 to extend, and push the slide frame 15 along the first slide rail assembly 14 toward the model sample, so that the third hydraulic bag 25 is close to the model sample but does not touch the model sample. Then control the piston rod of the vertical plate push cylinder 17 to extend, and push the first vertical plate 5 along the second slide rail assembly 16 toward the model sample, so that the third hydraulic bag 25 is in contact with the model sample. At the same time, the first tie rod assembly 7 and the second tie rod assembly 8 enter the lock of the first vertical plate 5, and then use the lock to fix the first tie rod assembly 7 and the second tie rod assembly 8 to the first vertical plate 5 together.

[0054] Step 9: Control the piston rods of the first oil cylinder 11 and the second oil cylinder 12 to retract downward synchronously, driving the crossbeam 4 to fall downward along the first column 2 and the second column 3 until the crossbeam 4 contacts the first column 2 and the second column 3. At this time, the reaction frame is in its final form.

[0055] Step 10: Curing the prepared model specimen in the reaction frame in the final form. During the curing period, the first hydraulic bladder 21, the second hydraulic bladder 22, the third hydraulic bladder 25, the fourth hydraulic bladder 26, the second actuator array 28, and the third actuator array 29 cooperate to apply consolidation stress to the model specimen according to the designed value until the model specimen reaches the set curing age.

[0056] Step 11: When the model specimen reaches the set curing age, the first hydraulic bladder 21 and the second hydraulic bladder 22 cooperate to apply the maximum principal stress to the model specimen, and the first actuator array 23 and the dynamic actuator 24 cooperate to apply the intermediate principal stress to the model specimen. At this time, the third hydraulic bladder 25 and the fourth hydraulic bladder 26 only serve as flexible force transmission components, and the second actuator array 28 and the third actuator array 29 cooperate to apply the minimum principal stress to the model specimen. In this embodiment, the dynamic actuator 24 is a large-tonnage, low-friction dynamic actuator that can meet 10Hz low-frequency dynamic load loading, can simulate blasting vibration, and can meet the layered dynamic load control of the two-step mining multi-stage blasting simulation.

[0057] Step 12: The model specimen is subjected to three-dimensional stress loading by the first hydraulic bladder 21, the second hydraulic bladder 22, the first actuator array 23, the dynamic actuator 24, the second actuator array 28 and the third actuator array 29 to simulate the mining process. During the simulated mining process, the deformation data of the filling body 33 is collected by the dynamic fiber grating, the boundary stress of the model specimen is collected by the load sensor and the pressure sensor, the overall deformation data of the model specimen is collected by the magnetostrictive displacement sensor and the LVDT displacement sensor, and the acoustic emission signal of the model specimen during the loading process is collected by the acoustic emission sensor.

[0058] The solutions in the embodiments are not intended to limit the patent protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation or modification that does not deviate from the present invention is included in the patent scope of this case.

Claims

1. A method for testing the multi-axial interface between a filling body and a rock mass in a deep well mining process, which adopts a multi-axial interface testing device for a filling body and a rock mass in a deep well mining process, the device comprising a reaction frame assembly, a maximum principal stress loading assembly, an intermediate principal stress loading assembly, a minimum principal stress loading assembly and a sample preparation assembly; the reaction frame assembly comprises a base, a first column, a second column, a crossbeam, a first vertical plate, a second vertical plate, a first pull rod group and a second pull rod group; the base is fixedly mounted on the ground; the first column and the second column are fixedly mounted on the top of the base in mirror symmetry, and the space between the first column and the second column serves as a sample loading chamber; a first guide column is vertically fixed on the top of the first column; a second guide column is vertically fixed on the top of the second column; the crossbeam is located above the first column and the second column, and a first guide hole and a second guide hole are respectively opened on the crossbeam; the first guide column passes through the second column. A guide hole; the second guide column passes through the second guide hole; a first oil cylinder is vertically connected between the base on the outside of the first column and the crossbeam; a second oil cylinder is vertically connected between the base on the outside of the second column and the crossbeam; the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate are respectively located on the left and right sides of the sample loading chamber; the first pull rod group is distributed on the same side of the first column, one end of the first pull rod group is connected to the first vertical plate by a lock, and the other end of the first pull rod group is connected to the second vertical plate by a lock; the second pull rod group is distributed on the same side of the second column, one end of the second pull rod group is connected to the first vertical plate by a lock, and the other end of the second pull rod group is connected to the second vertical plate by a lock; the maximum principal stress loading assembly is arranged on the crossbeam; the intermediate principal stress loading assembly is arranged on the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate; the minimum principal stress loading assembly is arranged on the first column and the second column; the sample preparation assembly is arranged on the base; A first support platform is fixedly provided on the ground below the first vertical plate, a first slide rail group is fixedly provided on the upper surface of the first support platform, a slide frame is provided above the first support platform, and the slide frame is slidably connected to the first slide rail group via a slider; a second slide rail group is fixedly provided on the slide frame, and the first vertical plate is slidably connected to the second slide rail group via a slider; a vertical plate pushing cylinder is connected between the first vertical plate and the slide frame; A second support platform is fixedly provided on the ground below the second vertical plate, and a third slide rail group is uniformly provided on the upper surface of the second support platform, the base and the first support platform, and the second vertical plate is slidably connected to the third slide rail group through a slider; The maximum principal stress loading assembly includes a first hydraulic bladder and a second hydraulic bladder; a hydraulic bladder mounting groove is provided on the lower surface of the crossbeam, the first hydraulic bladder is arranged on the lower surface of the crossbeam through the hydraulic bladder mounting groove, and the second hydraulic bladder is located below the first hydraulic bladder; The intermediate main stress loading assembly includes a first actuator array, a dynamic actuator, a third hydraulic bladder, and a fourth hydraulic bladder; the first actuator array is fixed on the first vertical plate, and the third hydraulic bladder is fixed on the first actuator array; the dynamic actuator is fixed on the second vertical plate, and the fourth hydraulic bladder is fixed on the dynamic actuator; a support pad is fixed at the bottom of the dynamic actuator, and the support pad is slidably connected to the third slide rail assembly via a slider; The minimum principal stress loading assembly includes a second actuator array and a third actuator array; an actuator mounting slot is provided on the inner surface of the first column, and the second actuator array is provided on the inner surface of the first column through the actuator mounting slot; an actuator mounting slot is provided on the inner surface of the second column, and the third actuator array is provided on the inner surface of the second column through the actuator mounting slot; The sample preparation assembly includes a sample carrying slide and a sample forming mold; the sample carrying slide is slidably connected to the third slide rail assembly through a slider, and a slide lifting cylinder is provided between the slider and the bottom of the sample carrying slide; a slide pushing oil cylinder is connected between the sample carrying slide and the first support platform; The multi-axis interface test device for filling bodies and ore-rock bodies during deep-well mining also includes a mining information sensing component, which includes a dynamic fiber Bragg grating, a load sensor, a pressure sensor, a magnetostrictive displacement sensor, an LVDT displacement sensor, and an acoustic emission sensor; the dynamic fiber Bragg grating is pre-buried in the filling body of the model sample; the first actuator array, the second actuator array, the third actuator array, and the dynamic actuator are all equipped with load sensors and LVDT displacement sensors; the first hydraulic bladder, the second hydraulic bladder, the third hydraulic bladder, and the fourth hydraulic bladder are all equipped with pressure sensors; the dynamic actuator is equipped with a magnetostrictive displacement sensor; and acoustic emission sensors are each arranged between the second actuator array and the third actuator array and the ore-rock body of the model sample. It is characterized by: The test method includes the following steps: Step 1: Use real rock blocks to prepare the ore rock mass. The number of ore rock masses prepared is two. One side of the ore rock mass is set as an inclined surface. The ore rock mass is used to simulate the surrounding rock conditions of the stope. Step 2: Use a crane to hoist the two prepared rock masses onto the sample loading platform so that the inclined surfaces of the two rock masses face each other. The space between the two inclined surfaces is used to simulate the goaf. Step 3: Fix the baffles around and on the top of the two placed ore rock masses. After the baffles are installed, a sample forming mold is formed. Grouting holes are left on the baffles on the top of the ore rock mass. The joints between the baffles and the joints between the baffles and the sample bearing slide are sealed with waterproof glue. Step 4: Pour slurry into the sample forming mold through the grouting holes on the top baffle of the ore body, and pre-embed the dynamic fiber grating during the slurry pouring process. When the poured slurry is completely solidified, the filling body is prepared, and the model sample formed by the filling body and the ore body is also prepared; Step 5: Remove the specimen forming mold around the model specimen to fully expose the prepared model specimen. Then, control the slide lift cylinder at the bottom of the specimen carrying slide to extend. The piston rod of the slide lift cylinder first presses against the slider below. As the slide lift cylinder continues to extend, the piston rod of the slide lift cylinder cannot move further. At this time, the cylinder barrel of the slide lift cylinder will move upward, driving the specimen carrying slide to lift upward until the specimen carrying slide is out of contact with the first support platform. Step 6: Control the piston rod of the slide push cylinder to extend, and push the specimen carrying slide along the third slide rail assembly into the specimen loading cavity between the first column and the second column. Then control the slide lifting cylinder at the bottom of the specimen carrying slide to retract. The cylinder barrel of the slide lifting cylinder first moves downward, and drives the specimen carrying slide to fall back downward until the specimen carrying slide contacts the base. As the slide lifting cylinder continues to retract, the cylinder barrel of the slide lifting cylinder no longer moves, and the piston rod of the slide lifting cylinder continues to retract upward and disengages from the slider. Step 7: Disconnect the connection between the piston rod of the slide push cylinder and the specimen carrying slide, then control the piston rod of the slide push cylinder to retract until the end of the piston rod of the slide push cylinder moves under the slide frame, and then fix the end of the piston rod of the slide push cylinder to the slide frame; Step 8: Control the piston rod of the slide-moving oil cylinder to extend, push the slide frame along the first slide rail assembly toward the model sample, so that the third hydraulic bag approaches the model sample but does not contact the model sample, then control the piston rod of the vertical plate-moving oil cylinder to extend, push the first vertical plate along the second slide rail assembly toward the model sample, so that the third hydraulic bag contacts the model sample, and at the same time, make the first and second tie rod groups enter the lock of the first vertical plate, and then use the lock to fix the first and second tie rod groups to the first vertical plate; Step 9: Control the piston rods of the first and second oil cylinders to retract downward synchronously, driving the crossbeam to fall downward along the first and second columns until the crossbeam contacts the first and second columns. At this time, the reaction frame is in its final form. Step 10: Curing the prepared model specimen in the reaction frame in the final form. During the curing period, the first hydraulic bladder, the second hydraulic bladder, the third hydraulic bladder, the fourth hydraulic bladder, the second actuator array, and the third actuator array cooperate to apply consolidation stress to the model specimen according to the designed value until the model specimen reaches the set curing age. Step 11: When the model specimen reaches the set curing age, the first and second hydraulic bladders cooperate to apply the maximum principal stress to the model specimen, and the first actuator array and the dynamic actuator cooperate to apply the intermediate principal stress to the model specimen. At this time, the third and fourth hydraulic bladders only serve as flexible force transmission components, and the second and third actuator arrays cooperate to apply the minimum principal stress to the model specimen; Step 12: The model specimen is subjected to three-dimensional stress loading by the cooperation of the first hydraulic bladder, the second hydraulic bladder, the first actuator array, the dynamic actuator, the second actuator array and the third actuator array to simulate the mining process. During the simulated mining process, the deformation data of the filling body is collected by the dynamic fiber grating, the boundary stress of the model specimen is collected by the load sensor and the pressure sensor, the overall deformation data of the model specimen is collected by the magnetostrictive displacement sensor and the LVDT displacement sensor, and the acoustic emission signal of the model specimen during the loading process is collected by the acoustic emission sensor.

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