A method of temperature swing activation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Abstract

This invention provides a variable-temperature activation method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The variable-temperature activation method includes the following steps: (1) placing the fuel cell on a test platform, setting the first operating temperature of the battery and the first temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, introducing humidifying nitrogen gas, and after the battery and humidification tank temperatures reach the preset temperature, replacing the cathode humidifying nitrogen gas with humidifying air and / or humidifying oxygen gas, and switching the anode humidifying nitrogen gas with humidifying hydrogen gas; (2) after performing a one-step loading on the battery, setting the second operating temperature of the battery to the same as the second temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, and performing a two-step loading on the battery; (3) setting the third operating temperature of the battery to the same as the third temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, and performing a three-step loading on the battery to obtain an activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The method of this invention can reduce the overall internal resistance of the battery and improve the stability of the battery, thereby achieving the purpose of rapid battery activation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and relates to a variable-temperature activation method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. BACKGROUND

[0002] The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an energy conversion device using pure hydrogen as fuel. It has been applied to aerospace, aircraft, automobile, energy storage and other fields. Fuel cell technology has been in the commercialization stage for a long time. In addition to considering the manufacturing cost of the fuel cell, the activation cost is also considered an important problem. With the increase of the power of the fuel cell stack, it is necessary to shorten the activation time to reduce the cost.

[0003] CN110649291A provides a rapid activation method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, and the activation steps are: (a) gradually increasing the cell operating temperature and gradually and segmentally increasing the output current until the cell operating temperature reaches 70-80 DEG C and the output voltage drops to 0.4-0.5 V; (b) fixing the cell operating temperature at 70-80 DEG C and gradually and segmentally increasing the output current until the output voltage drops to 0.4-0.5 V, and repeating 1-4 times; (c) fixing the cell operating temperature at 70-80 DEG C, first at a small output current of 50-200 mA / cm 2 , and then at a large output current of 800-1200 mA / cm 2 , and repeating 2-8 times. In addition, the patent requires plasma treatment before activation, inert gas protection, and complicated process and harsh conditions.

[0004] CN113206275A proposes to switch the anode and cathode gases of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell activated by constant current or constant voltage discharge to dry nitrogen, and to purge the cell. After the purging is completed, the fuel cell is sealed and placed in a high-low temperature test box for ice freezing and thawing activation strategy. The method is complex in operation process, and the cell is prone to irreversible damage due to ice freezing.

[0005] CN113363535A proposes to increase the current density of the fuel cell from low to high in segments after reaching the operating temperature until the cell voltage is greater than the minimum voltage, and then to decrease the current density in segments until the current density is 0, and to repeat the above process for activation. The duration of the output current of each segment is 10-60 s, and the activation is completed when the continuous two polarization curves and power density curves after activation substantially coincide. The output current time of each segment in the patent is very short, the cell is quickly changed from small current density to large current density, and the minimum voltage is 0.15 V. Once the control is not proper, the membrane electrode is prone to damage. SUMMARY

[0006] The application aims to provide a variable-temperature activation method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0008] In the first aspect, the application provides a variable-temperature activation method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) placing the fuel cell on a test platform, setting a first working temperature of the cell and a first temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, and inputting humidified nitrogen, wherein the temperature of the cell and the humidification tanks reaches the preset temperature, and then the humidified nitrogen in the cathode is replaced by humidified air and / or humidified oxygen, and the humidified nitrogen in the anode is replaced by humidified hydrogen;

[0010] (2) after one-step loading of the cell, setting a second working temperature of the cell and a second temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, and performing two-step loading of the cell;

[0011] (3) setting a third working temperature of the cell and a third temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, and performing three-step loading of the cell to obtain an activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0012] By changing the working temperature of the cell and the temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, the gas humidification degree is adjusted, which is beneficial to the formation of a three-phase interface, and the catalyst active sites are improved, which leads to an increase in reaction efficiency and thus an increase in activation efficiency, and finally the performance of the fuel cell is improved.

[0013] Preferably, the first working temperature of the cell in step (1) is 75-80℃, for example 75℃, 76℃, 77℃, 78℃, 79℃ or 80℃, etc.

[0014] Preferably, the first temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks is 65-70℃, for example 65℃, 66℃, 67℃, 68℃, 69℃ or 70℃, etc.

[0015] In the variable-temperature activation method, the fuel cell is first heated to 75-80℃, and the temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks is 65-70℃ for a certain period of time, so as to first establish the proton channel in the membrane.

[0016] Preferably, the stoichiometric ratio of the humidified nitrogen in step (1) is 1-2.5, for example 1, 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5, etc.

[0017] Preferably, the back pressure of the humidified nitrogen gas is 50-150 kPa, such as 50 kPa, 60 kPa, 80 kPa, 100 kPa, 130 kPa or 150 kPa, etc.

[0018] Preferably, the stoichiometric ratio of the humidified air and / or humidified oxygen in step (1) is 1-2.5, such as 1, 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5, etc.

[0019] Preferably, the back pressure of the humidified air and / or humidified oxygen is 50-100 kPa, such as 50 kPa, 60 kPa, 80 kPa, 100 kPa, 130 kPa or 150 kPa, etc.

[0020] Preferably, the stoichiometric ratio of the humidified hydrogen gas is 1-2.5, such as 1, 1.5, 2.0 or 2.5, etc.

[0021] Preferably, the back pressure of the humidified hydrogen gas is 50-150 kPa, such as 50 kPa, 60 kPa, 80 kPa, 100 kPa, 130 kPa or 150 kPa, etc.

[0022] Preferably, the one-step loading mode in step (2) comprises constant current loading and / or constant voltage loading.

[0023] Preferably, the constant current loading is in the range of 200-2000 mA / cm 2 , such as 200 mA / cm 2 , 500 mA / cm 2 , 800 mA / cm 2 , 1000 mA / cm 2 , 1500 mA / cm 2 or 2000 mA / cm 2 , etc.

[0024] Preferably, the constant voltage loading is in the range of 0.5-0.8 V, such as 0.5 V, 0.55 V, 0.6 V, 0.7 V or 0.8 V, etc.

[0025] Preferably, the one-step loading time is 30-60 min, such as 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min or 60 min, etc.

[0026] Preferably, the second working temperature of the battery in step (2) is 65-70℃, such as 65℃, 66℃, 67℃, 68℃, 69℃ or 70℃, etc.

[0027] Preferably, the second temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tank is 75-80℃, such as 75℃, 76℃, 77℃, 78℃, 79℃ or 80℃, etc.

[0028] Preferably, the two-step loading in step (2) includes constant current loading and / or constant voltage loading.

[0029] The present application sets the second temperature of the battery to 65-70℃, and activates the anode and cathode humidification tank at a temperature of 75-80℃. By increasing the temperature of the humidification tank, the reaction gas can be saturated and humidified, and the gas and liquid transmission channels can be gradually established. The loading method for increasing the loading of active sites on the catalyst includes constant current loading and / or constant voltage loading.

[0030] Preferably, the constant current loading is in the range of 200-2000 mA / cm 2 , such as 200 mA / cm 2 , 500 mA / cm 2 , 800 mA / cm 2 , 1000 mA / cm 2 , 1500 mA / cm 2 or 2000 mA / cm 2 , etc.

[0031] Preferably, the constant voltage loading is in the range of 0.5-0.8 V, such as 0.5 V, 0.55 V, 0.6 V, 0.7 V or 0.8 V, etc.

[0032] Preferably, the two-step loading time is 30-60 min, such as 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min or 60 min, etc.

[0033] Preferably, the third working temperature of the battery in step (3) is 75-80℃, such as 75℃, 76℃, 77℃, 78℃, 79℃ or 80℃, etc.

[0034] Preferably, the third temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tank is 65-70℃, such as 65℃, 66℃, 67℃, 68℃, 69℃ or 70℃, etc.

[0035] The present application sets the third temperature of the battery to 75-80℃, and activates the anode and cathode humidification tank at a temperature of 65-70℃ for a certain period of time, which can further increase the transmission channels of protons, gases and liquids in the proton exchange membrane and the catalyst layer, effectively reduce the overall internal resistance, and thus improve the overall performance and stability of the battery.

[0036] Preferably, the three-step loading in step (3) includes constant current loading and / or constant voltage loading.

[0037] Preferably, the constant current loading is in the range of 200-2000 mA / cm2 for example: 200 mA / cm 2 , 500 mA / cm 2 , 800 mA / cm 2 , 1000 mA / cm 2 , 1500 mA / cm 2 or 2000 mA / cm 2 , etc.

[0038] Preferably, the constant voltage loading ranges from 0.5 to 0.8 V, for example: 0.5 V, 0.55 V, 0.6 V, 0.7 V or 0.8 V, etc.

[0039] Preferably, the time of the three-step loading is 30 to 60 min, for example: 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min or 60 min, etc.

[0040] As a preferred scheme of the present application, the temperature-variable activation method comprises the following steps:

[0041] (1) Place the fuel cell on a test platform, set the cell operating temperature to 75 to 80℃ and the temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks to 65 to 70℃, and pass in humidified nitrogen gas with a stoichiometric ratio of 1 to 2.5 and a back pressure of 50 to 150 kPa; after the cell and the humidification tank temperature reaches the preset temperature, replace the cathode humidified nitrogen gas with humidified air and / or humidified oxygen with a stoichiometric ratio of 1 to 2.5 and a back pressure of 50 to 100 kPa, and switch the anode humidified nitrogen gas to humidified hydrogen gas with a stoichiometric ratio of 1 to 2.5 and a back pressure of 50 to 150 kPa;

[0042] (2) Load the cell in constant current or constant voltage mode for 30 to 60 min, set the cell operating temperature to 65 to 70℃ and the temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks to 75 to 80℃, and continue to load the cell in constant current or constant voltage mode for 30 to 60 min;

[0043] (3) Set the cell operating temperature to 75 to 80℃ and the temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks to 65 to 70℃, and continue to load the cell in constant current or constant voltage mode for 30 to 60 min to obtain an activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0045] (1) The temperature-variable activation method described in the present application has simple conditions, high activation efficiency and is suitable for various power levels of fuel cells, and is suitable for mass production. Before the cell is activated and loaded, humidified nitrogen gas is passed in, which on the one hand pre-humidifies the cell and improves the water content of the proton membrane, which is conducive to proton transfer; on the other hand, it can remove impurity gases inside the cell and improve the reaction efficiency of the cell.

[0046] (2) The temperature variation activation method of the present application adjusts the gas humidity by changing the battery temperature and the humidification tank temperature, thereby quickly opening the electronic, proton and gas-liquid transmission channels, reducing the overall internal resistance of the battery and improving the stability of the battery, so as to achieve the purpose of quickly activating the battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 is the comparison chart of the polarization curves of the battery of Example 1 of the present application which has completely undergone the temperature variation activation and the batteries of Comparative Examples 1-5 which have not completely undergone the temperature variation activation process. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The technical solutions of the present application will be further illustrated by specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are only to help understand the present application and should not be regarded as specific limitations of the present application.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] This embodiment provides a temperature variation activation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for a single cell with an effective active area of 25cm 2 The temperature variation activation method of the present application includes the following steps:

[0051] (1) Connect the fuel cell with air-tightness passing to the test bench, set the battery operating temperature to 80℃, set the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 70℃, during this temperature rising process, the cathode and anode are both supplied with humidified nitrogen, the metering ratio is 2 and the back pressure is 100kPa, when the battery and humidification tank temperature reach the preset temperature, the cathode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified oxygen, the metering ratio is 2, the anode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified hydrogen, the metering ratio is 2 and the back pressure is 100kPa;

[0052] (2) Load the battery in a constant voltage mode for 60min, so that the battery voltage remains at 0.6V, set the battery operating temperature to 70℃, set the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 80℃, continue to load the battery in a constant voltage mode for 60min, so that the battery voltage remains at 0.6V;

[0053] (3) Set the battery operating temperature to 80℃, set the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 70℃, continue to load the battery in a constant voltage mode for 60min, so that the battery voltage remains at 0.6V to activate, and obtain the activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] This embodiment provides a temperature variation activation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for a short stack containing 5 single cells with an effective active area of 25cm 2 The temperature variation activation method of the present application includes the following steps:

[0056] (1) Connect the gas-tight fuel cell to the test bench, set the cell operating temperature to 75°C, and set the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 65°C. During this temperature increase, humidified nitrogen is supplied to both the cathode and anode, with a stoichiometry of 2 and a back pressure of 100 kPa. When the cell and humidification tank temperatures reach the preset temperature, the cathode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified air with a stoichiometry of 1.5, and the anode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified hydrogen with a stoichiometry of 2.5 and a back pressure of 130 kPa.

[0057] (2) Load the cell using a constant current for 40 min, so that the cell current is maintained at 1200 mA / cm 2 . Set the cell operating temperature to 65°C and the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 75°C. Continue to load the cell using a constant voltage for 40 min, so that the cell current is maintained at 1200 mA / cm 2 .

[0058] (3) Set the cell operating temperature to 75°C and the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 65°C. Continue to load the cell using a constant voltage for 60 min, so that the cell current is maintained at 1200 mA / cm 2 . Activate to obtain an activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] This comparative example provides a temperature variation activation method for a single cell with an effective active area of 25 cm 2 . The temperature variation activation method comprises the following steps:

[0061] (1) Connect the gas-tight fuel cell to the test bench, set the cell operating temperature to 70°C, and set the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 80°C. During this temperature increase, humidified nitrogen is supplied to both the cathode and anode, with a stoichiometry of 2 and a back pressure of 100 kPa. When the cell and humidification tank temperatures reach the preset temperature, the cathode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified oxygen with a stoichiometry of 2, and the anode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified hydrogen with a stoichiometry of 2 and a back pressure of 100 kPa.

[0062] (2) Load the cell using a constant voltage for 60 min, so that the cell voltage is maintained at 0.6 V. Set the cell operating temperature to 80°C and the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 70°C. Continue to load the cell using a constant voltage for 60 min, so that the cell voltage is maintained at 0.6 V. Activate to obtain an activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] This comparative example provides a temperature variation activation method for a single cell with an effective active area of 25 cm 2A single cell with an effective active area of 25 cm 2 provides a variable temperature activation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the variable temperature activation method comprising the following steps:

[0065] (1) Connect the air-tight fuel cell to the test bench, set the cell operating temperature to 80°C, and set the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 70°C. During this temperature rising process, the cathode and anode are both supplied with humidified nitrogen, and the stoichiometric ratio is 2, and the back pressure is 100 kPa. When the temperature of the cell and the humidification tank reaches the preset temperature, the cathode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified oxygen, the stoichiometric ratio is 2, the anode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified hydrogen, the stoichiometric ratio is 2, and the back pressure is 100 kPa.

[0066] (2) Load the cell in a constant voltage mode for 120 min, and keep the cell voltage at 0.6 V for activation. An activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell is obtained.

[0067] Comparative Example 3

[0068] This comparative example is directed to a single cell with an effective active area of 25 cm 2 provides a variable temperature activation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the variable temperature activation method comprising the following steps:

[0069] (1) Connect the air-tight fuel cell to the test bench, set the cell operating temperature to 80°C, and set the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 70°C. During this temperature rising process, the cathode and anode are both supplied with humidified nitrogen, and the stoichiometric ratio is 2, and the back pressure is 100 kPa. When the temperature of the cell and the humidification tank reaches the preset temperature, the cathode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified oxygen, the stoichiometric ratio is 2, the anode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified hydrogen, the stoichiometric ratio is 2, and the back pressure is 100 kPa.

[0070] (2) Load the cell in a constant voltage mode for 60 min, and keep the cell voltage at 0.6 V. Set the cell operating temperature to 70°C, and set the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 80°C. Continue to load the cell in a constant voltage mode for 60 min, and keep the cell voltage at 0.6 V for activation. An activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell is obtained.

[0071] Comparative Example 4

[0072] This comparative example is directed to a single cell with an effective active area of 25 cm 2 provides a variable temperature activation method of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, the variable temperature activation method comprising the following steps:

[0073] (1) Connect the gas-tight fuel cell to the test bench, set the cell operating temperature to 80℃, set the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 70℃, during this temperature rising process, both the cathode and anode are fed with humidified nitrogen, the stoichiometric ratio is 2, and the back pressure is 100 kPa, when the cell and humidification tank temperature reach the preset temperature, the cathode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified oxygen, the stoichiometric ratio is 2, the anode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified hydrogen, the stoichiometric ratio is 2, and the back pressure is 100 kPa;

[0074] (2) Load the cell in a constant voltage mode for 60 min, so that the cell voltage is kept at 0.6 V for activation, and obtain the activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0075] Comparative Example 5

[0076] This comparative example provides a temperature-variable activation method for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell for a single cell with an effective active area of 25 cm 2

[0077] (1) Connect the gas-tight fuel cell to the test bench, set the cell operating temperature to 70℃, set the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature to 80℃, during this temperature rising process, both the cathode and anode are fed with humidified nitrogen, the stoichiometric ratio is 2, and the back pressure is 100 kPa, when the cell and humidification tank temperature reach the preset temperature, the cathode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified oxygen, the stoichiometric ratio is 2, the anode humidified nitrogen is switched to humidified hydrogen, the stoichiometric ratio is 2, and the back pressure is 100 kPa;

[0078] (2) Load the cell in a constant voltage mode for 60 min, so that the cell voltage is kept at 0.6 V for activation, and obtain the activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

[0079] Performance test:

[0080] Take the activated proton exchange membrane fuel cells obtained in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5 for performance test, the polarization curve comparison chart of the cells in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-5 is shown in Figure 1 , and it can be seen from Figure 1 that, by changing the cell operating temperature and the cathode and anode humidification tank temperature, on the one hand, the gas humidification degree is adjusted, which is conducive to the formation of the three-phase interface; on the other hand, the catalyst active sites can be improved, which leads to the improvement of the reaction efficiency and the activation efficiency, and finally the performance of the fuel cell is improved.

[0081] The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can be easily thought of by any person skilled in the art, and all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present application.​

Claims

1. A method of temperature cycling activation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, characterized by, The variable-temperature activation method comprises the following steps: (1) placing the fuel cell on a test platform, setting a first working temperature of the cell and a first temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, inputting humidified nitrogen, and after the cell and the humidification tanks reach the preset temperature, switching the cathode humidified nitrogen to humidified air and / or humidified oxygen, and switching the anode humidified nitrogen to humidified hydrogen; (2) after one-step loading of the cell, setting a second working temperature of the cell and a second temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, and performing two-step loading of the cell; (3) setting a third working temperature of the cell and a third temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, performing three-step loading of the cell, and obtaining an activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell; In step (1), the first working temperature of the cell is 75-80℃, and the first temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks is 65-70℃. In step (2), the second working temperature of the cell is 65-70℃, and the second temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks is 75-80℃. In step (3), the third working temperature of the cell is 75-80℃, and the third temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks is 65-70℃.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature is between about 20°C and about 30°C. In step (1), the stoichiometric ratio of the humidified nitrogen is 1-2.

5.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature is between about 20°C and about 30°C. The back pressure of the humidified nitrogen is 50-150 kPa.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature is between about 20°C and about 30°C. In step (1), the stoichiometric ratio of the humidified air and / or humidified oxygen is 1-2.

5.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature is between about 20°C and about 30°C. The back pressure of the humidified air and / or humidified oxygen is 50-100 kPa.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature is between about 20°C and about 30°C. The stoichiometric ratio of the humidified hydrogen is 1-2.

5.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature is between about 20°C and about 30°C. The back pressure of the humidified hydrogen is 50-150 kPa.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature is between about 20°C and about 30°C. In step (2), the one-step loading mode comprises constant current loading and / or constant voltage loading.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the temperature is between about 20°C and about 30°C. The constant current load ranges from 200 to 2000 mA / cm 2 .

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the temperature is between about 20°C and about 30°C. The constant voltage loading range is 0.5-0.8 V.

11. The method of temperature cycled activation of claim 1 wherein, The one-step loading time is 30-60 min.

12. The method of temperature cycled activation of claim 1 wherein, In step (2), the two-step loading mode comprises constant current loading and / or constant voltage loading.

13. The method of temperature cycled activation of claim 12, wherein, The constant current load ranges from 200 to 2000 mA / cm 2 .

14. The method of temperature cycled activation of claim 12, wherein, The constant voltage loading range is 0.5-0.8 V.

15. The method of temperature cycled activation of claim 1 wherein, The two-step loading time is 30-60 min.

16. The method of warm activation of claim 1, wherein, In step (3), the three-step loading mode comprises constant current loading and / or constant voltage loading.

17. The method of warm activation of claim 16, wherein, The constant current load ranges from 200 to 2000 mA / cm 2 .

18. The method of warm activation of claim 16, wherein, The constant voltage loading range is 0.5-0.8 V.

19. The method of warm activation of claim 1, wherein, The three-step loading time is 30-60 min.

20. The method of warm activation of claim 1, wherein, The variable-temperature activation method comprises the following steps: (1) placing the fuel cell on a test platform, setting a first working temperature of the cell and a first temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, inputting humidified nitrogen, and after the cell and the humidification tanks reach the preset temperature, switching the cathode humidified nitrogen to humidified air and / or humidified oxygen, and switching the anode humidified nitrogen to humidified hydrogen; (2) after one-step loading of the cell, setting a second working temperature of the cell and a second temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, and performing two-step loading of the cell; (3) setting a third working temperature of the cell and a third temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks, performing three-step loading of the cell, and obtaining an activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell; (3) Set the battery operating temperature to 75~80℃ and the temperature of the anode and cathode humidification tanks to 65~70℃, continue to use the constant current or constant voltage loading mode, load the battery for 30~60min, and obtain the activated proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

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