An antenna unit, a wireless transceiver device, and an electronic device

Abstract

An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna unit, a wireless transceiver device, and an electronic device. The antenna unit includes a metal floor, a first dielectric layer, a first radiation unit, a second dielectric layer, and a second radiation unit that are sequentially stacked. The first radiation unit includes a first patch and a second patch that form a first dipole, and the second radiation unit includes a third patch and a fourth patch that form a second dipole. An end of the first patch is electrically connected to an end of the third patch, and an end of the second patch is electrically connected to an end of the fourth patch. The first patch and the second patch have a first size, and the third patch and the fourth patch have a second size. Wherein the first shape and the second shape are different, or the first shape and the second shape are the same, and the first size is different from the second size. The antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present application can, within a limited space, expand the bandwidth of the antenna by arranging different dipole resonance structures in different stacked layers, enabling the antenna unit to operate in multiple frequency bands.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to an antenna unit, a wireless transceiver device, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] An electronic device usually needs to have a wireless communication function for data transmission.

[0003] With the development of technology and the increase in the functions of electronic devices, the number of frequency bands supported by electronic devices is increasing, including frequency bands for cellular network communication, such as the second-generation mobile communication frequency band, the third-generation mobile communication frequency band, the LTE (Long Term Evolution) frequency band, and the fifth-generation mobile communication frequency band. In addition, the terminal also needs to operate in other wireless communication frequency bands, for example, the WIFI (Wireless Fidelity) frequency bands (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz), the Bluetooth frequency band (2.4 GHz), the GPS (Global Positioning System) frequency band, etc. Electronic devices need to communicate in multiple frequency bands through antennas. Generally, the form of realizing multi-band operation is that an antenna operates only in one frequency band. For example, a mobile phone may include a WIFI antenna, a Bluetooth antenna, etc. placed at different positions (such as the back cover, display screen, and frame of the mobile phone), and both the WIFI antenna and the Bluetooth antenna operate in a single frequency band. However, with the increase in the number of components in electronic devices and the increase in the number of frequency bands that electronic devices need to operate in (for example, in addition to conventional cellular mobile communication, electronic devices also need to perform point-to-point data transmission in the millimeter-wave frequency band), the space available for placing antennas in electronic devices is getting smaller and smaller, making it difficult for current electronic devices to meet the multi-band communication requirements simultaneously. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna unit, a wireless transceiver device, and an electronic device, which can solve the problem that it is difficult for the antenna unit and / or the electronic device to operate in multiple frequency bands.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect of the present invention, an antenna unit is provided. The antenna unit includes a metal floor, a first dielectric layer, a first radiation unit, a second dielectric layer, and a second radiation unit that are sequentially stacked; the first radiation unit includes a first patch and a second patch that form a first dipole, and the second radiation unit includes a third patch and a fourth patch that form a second dipole; an end of the first patch is electrically connected to an end of the third patch; an end of the second patch is electrically connected to an end of the fourth patch; the first patch and the second patch have a first size, and the third patch and the fourth patch have a second size; wherein the first shape and the second shape are different, or the first shape and the second shape are the same, and the first size is different from the second size.

[0007] For example, as Figure 5C shown, the antenna includes a metal floor 506, a first dielectric layer 503, a first radiation unit 504, a second dielectric layer 501, and a second radiation unit 502 that are sequentially arranged in layers. As Figure 5A shown, the first radiation unit 504 includes a first patch 5041 and a second patch 5043, wherein the first patch 5041 and the second patch 5043 form a first dipole; the second radiation unit 502 includes a third patch 5021 and a fourth patch 5023, wherein the third patch 5021 and the fourth patch 5023 form a second dipole. An end of the first patch 5041 is electrically connected to an end of the third patch 5021; an end of the second patch 5021 is electrically connected to an end of the fourth patch 5023.

[0008] The first patch 5041 and the second patch 5043 are single-conical, and the third patch 5021 and the fourth patch 5023 are double-conical. Alternatively, the first patch 5041 and the second patch 5043 are rectangular, the third patch 5021 and the fourth patch 5023 are rectangular, and the size of the first patch 5041 is different from the size of the third patch 5021.

[0009] The antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present application can generate different resonant points by stacking radiation units with the same shape but different sizes or radiation units with different shapes on different layers, enabling the antenna unit to operate in multiple frequency bands. In addition, by means of vertical stacking, a broadband antenna unit can be obtained while saving lateral space. By adopting patch radiation, the low-profile characteristics of the patch can be utilized to reduce the volume of the antenna unit. In addition, since the patch is easy to process and manufacture, the cost of the antenna unit can be reduced, making it easier to be packaged and integrated with the radio frequency front-end circuit. Secondly, by constructing a dipole with the patch, the characteristics of the dipole radiation pattern can be utilized to achieve both omnidirectional radiation pattern and directional radiation pattern at the same time. The symmetry between the radiation patches forming the dipole can also be utilized to facilitate differential feeding, avoid the radiation pattern deviation caused by single-patch radiation, stabilize the radiation pattern, and reduce the cross-polarization level.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the metal floor includes two openings for placing the first feeding port and the second feeding port. The feeding port includes a first conductor and a second conductor, and the second feeding port includes a third conductor and a fourth conductor; the first conductor is electrically connected to the end of the first patch, and the second conductor is electrically connected to the metal floor; the third conductor is electrically connected to the end of the second patch, and the fourth conductor is electrically connected to the metal floor.

[0011] For example, as Figure 5C shown, the metal floor 506 includes two openings for placing the feeding port 1 and the feeding port 2. The feeding port 1 includes a first conductor 514 and a second conductor 512, and the feeding port 2 includes a third conductor 514 and a fourth conductor 512. The first conductor 514 is electrically connected to the end of the first patch 5041, and the second conductor 514 is electrically connected to the metal floor 506. The third conductor 514 is electrically connected to the end of the second patch 5043, and the fourth conductor 512 is electrically connected to the metal floor 506.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the ends of the first patch and the third patch are electrically connected through a first metal via; the ends of the second patch and the fourth patch are electrically connected through a second metal via.

[0013] For example, the ends of the first patch 5041 and the third patch 5021 are electrically connected through a first metal via 5101; the ends of the second patch 5043 and the fourth patch 5023 are electrically connected through a second metal via 5103.

[0014] The first radiation unit and the second radiation unit are electrically connected through a metal via, and the metal via processing technology can be utilized to reduce the processing cost of the antenna unit.

[0015] Combined with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the first radiation unit is in a 1 / 4 wavelength resonance mode to generate a first resonance point, and the second radiation unit is in a 1 / 4 wavelength resonance mode to generate a second resonance point, where the frequency points corresponding to the first resonance point and the second resonance point are different.

[0016] By setting the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit to have different resonance points, the antenna unit operates in multiple frequency bands.

[0017] Combined with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the ends of the first patch and the third patch are electrically connected through a first metal via; the ends of the second patch and the fourth patch are electrically connected through a second metal via, including: the position where the first metal via is electrically connected to the first patch is between the feeding end and the end of the first patch, and the position where the second metal via is electrically connected to the second patch is between the feeding end and the end of the second patch.

[0018] For example, as Figure 5A shown, the position where the first metal via 5101 is electrically connected to the first patch 5041 is between the feeding end and the end of the first patch 5041, and the position where the second metal via 5103 is electrically connected to the second patch 5043 is between the feeding end and the end of the second patch 5043. The distance from the end of the first patch 5041 to the electrically connected position is an offset l3. By constructing the offset and adjusting the offset to the 1 / 4λ resonance mode, where λ is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the third resonance point. By constructing an offset, the antenna unit can generate a third resonance point, and the antenna unit can operate in multiple frequency bands.

[0019] Combined with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the first radiation unit generates a third resonance point, where the third resonance point is different from the first resonance point and the second resonance point.

[0020] By constructing an additional resonance structure on the first radiation unit, another resonance point can be generated to expand the operating bandwidth of the antenna unit. The antenna unit can operate in multiple frequency bands.

[0021] Combined with the first aspect, in some possible implementation manners, the antenna unit further includes parasitic elements disposed around the second radiation unit, the parasitic elements are coupled to the radiation unit, and the parasitic elements include parasitic patches and / or parasitic metal columns whose ends are electrically connected to the metal floor.

[0022] For example, as Figure 5AAs described above, parasitic metal posts are arranged around the second radiation unit. One end of the metal post is coupled to the second radiation unit, and the other end is connected to the metal floor to achieve grounding.

[0023] By arranging parasitic elements around the antenna unit, the bandwidth of the antenna can be further expanded. By constructing metal posts through the way of metal vias, while the antenna unit has the advantage of easy processing, it can operate in multiple frequency bands.

[0024] Combined with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the parasitic element generates a fourth resonance point, where the first resonance point, the second resonance point, the fourth resonance point, and the fourth resonance point are all different.

[0025] Combined with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the first radiation unit further includes a third dipole placed orthogonally to the first dipole, where the shape and size of the third dipole are the same as those of the first dipole, and the second radiation unit further includes a fourth dipole placed orthogonally to the second dipole, where the shape and size of the fourth dipole are the same as those of the second dipole.

[0026] For example, as Figure 5A shown, the first radiation unit includes a first dipole and a third dipole placed orthogonally, where the first dipole includes patch 5041 and patch 5043, the third dipole includes patch 5042 and patch 5043, and the polarization directions of the first dipole and the third dipole are orthogonal. The first radiation unit includes a second dipole and a fourth dipole placed orthogonally, where the second dipole includes patch 5021 and patch 5023, the fourth dipole includes patch 5022 and patch 5023, and the polarization directions of the second dipole and the fourth dipole are orthogonal.

[0027] By respectively arranging two orthogonally placed dipoles on the first radiation unit and the second radiation unit, the antenna unit can have dual-polarization characteristics. Increasing the polarization characteristics of the antenna unit within a limited antenna installation space can effectively enhance the anti-interference ability of the antenna unit. For example, since the antenna unit can radiate in dual polarization, the polarization diversity method can be adopted to save frequency band resources and improve the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0028] Combined with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the operating bandwidth of the antenna unit includes n257, n260, n261, and 60 GHz frequency bands.

[0029] Combined with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the current phase difference between the first feeding port and the second feeding port for feeding the antenna unit is 180 degrees, and the amplitudes are equal. In other words, the feeding methods of the first dipole and the second dipole are differential feeding.

[0030] By adopting the differential feeding method, the isolation between the feeding ports can be improved, the cross-polarization level can be reduced, and the radiation pattern can be stabilized. In addition, the use of a balun can be avoided, and the structure is simple. Secondly, by means of differential feeding, the differential feeding structure and the antenna radiation structure can be integrated into one, so that the lateral space can be reduced, thereby realizing miniaturization. The antenna size is only 4mm * 4mm * 1mm, meeting the requirements of antenna packaging and integration. By using differential feeding, the isolation of the antenna within the operating frequency band is less than -55dB, and the performance of the two polarizations is relatively stable and consistent.

[0031] Combined with the first aspect, in a possible implementation manner, the antenna unit may further include a metal plate disposed around the antenna unit, one end of the metal plate is electrically connected to the metal floor, and the other end is coupled to the second radiation unit.

[0032] By setting a metal plate coupled to the antenna unit, a notch structure can be formed due to the coupling capacitance and the inductance of the metal plate itself, isolating different resonant frequency bands and improving the isolation.

[0033] In the second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an antenna array is provided, and the antenna array includes a feeding network and the antenna unit described in the first aspect.

[0034] In the third aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a wireless transceiver device is provided, and the wireless transceiver device includes a radio frequency integrated circuit and the antenna unit described in the first aspect, wherein the radio frequency integrated circuit is coupled to the antenna unit and transmits a signal to the antenna unit, and the antenna unit emits the signal through electromagnetic waves.

[0035] In the fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an electronic device is provided, and the electronic device includes a baseband processor and the wireless transceiver device described in the third aspect, and the baseband processor is coupled to the wireless transceiver device. Description of the Drawings

[0036] Figure 1 It is a hardware structure diagram of a schematic electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] Figures 2A - 2B It is a schematic electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] Figures 3A - 3B It is a schematic antenna module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 3C It is a schematic antenna module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic antenna module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] Figures 5A - 5C It is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figures 5D - 5E It is a schematic patch shape diagram according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 6 It is a schematic reflection coefficient curve diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] Figures 7A - 7D It is a schematic current distribution diagram of an antenna unit at different resonance points according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic radiation gain diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Figure 9 It is a schematic radiation efficiency diagram of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] Figures 10A - 10D It is a schematic radiation pattern of an antenna unit at different frequency points under feeding at ports 1 and 3 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Figures 11A - 11D It is a schematic radiation pattern of an antenna unit at different frequency points under feeding at ports 2 and 4 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0049] Figure 12 It is a comparison diagram of metal posts and metal plates of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Figure 13 It is a schematic antenna unit with notch characteristics according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] Figure 14 It is a reflection curve diagram of a schematic antenna unit with notch characteristics according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0052] Figure 15 It is a gain curve diagram of a schematic antenna unit with notch characteristics according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Figure 16 It is a radiation efficiency diagram of a schematic antenna unit with notch characteristics according to an embodiment of the present application. Specific embodiments

[0054] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0055] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Among them, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified, " / " means "or". For example, A / B may mean A or B. The "and / or" herein is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B may mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, "a plurality of" means two or more than two.

[0056] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of this embodiment, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0057] The terms used in the description of the invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0058] In addition, in the present application, orientation terms such as "upper", "lower", "front", and "rear" are defined relative to the orientation in which the components in the drawings are schematically placed. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, and they are used for relative description and clarification, and they can change accordingly with the change of the orientation in which the components in the drawings are placed.

[0059] It should be noted that the "electrical connection" described in the embodiments of the present application should be understood in a broad sense, which may include physically directly connected, may also include capacitive coupling connection, and may also include a combination of coupling connection and physical direct connection.

[0060] It should also be noted that the shape descriptions such as "rectangle", "circle", "isosceles triangle" in the embodiments of the present application may include approximate shapes. Considering actual processing errors, their approximate shapes are also within the scope described in the embodiments of the present application.

[0061] Electronic devices usually need to perform wireless communication through antennas in different frequency bands.

[0062] Due to the advantages of short wavelength, wide spectrum, and good directivity, millimeter wave has become one of the core technologies of 5G.

[0063] The large bandwidth of millimeter wave means that a very large amount of information can be wirelessly transmitted. Examples of such applications include but are not limited to wireless high-definition television (HDTV), wireless docking stations, wireless gigabit Ethernet, etc.

[0064] Millimeter-wave antennas can be applied in fifth-generation mobile communications. In fifth-generation mobile communications, 5G NR (New Radio) mainly uses two frequency bands: the FR1 (Frequency Range 1) band and the FR (Frequency Range) 2 band. The frequency range of the FR1 band is 450 MHz - 6 GHz, which can also be called the sub 6 GHz band. The frequency range of the FR2 band is 24.25 GHz - 52.6 GHz. Specifically, the FR2 millimeter-wave band can include frequency bands n257 (26.5 GHz - 29.5 GHz), n258 (24.25 GHz - 27.5 GHz), n260 (37 GHz - 40 GHz), and n261 (27.5 GHz - 28.35 GHz).

[0065] Millimeter-wave antennas can also be applied in 45 GHz wireless transmission systems based on the 802.11aj (or Q-Linkpan) technical standard and 60 GHz wireless transmission systems based on the 802.11ad technical standard.

[0066] The 60 GHz band (57 GHz - 66 GHz) also belongs to millimeter-wave communication technology. For applications such as PCs and digital household appliances, it can achieve ultra-high-speed wireless transmission of several Gbps between devices. The characteristics of millimeter-waves in the 60 GHz wireless communication band are that the available spectrum range is wide and the information capacity is large. Secondly, it is easy to implement narrow-beam and high-gain antennas, so the resolution is high and the anti-interference ability is good. In addition, it has strong ability to penetrate plasma, large Doppler frequency shift, and high velocity measurement sensitivity.

[0067] In recent years, governments of various countries have allocated continuous license-free spectrum resources in the 60 GHz wireless communication band. For example, the United States has divided the license-free frequency range into 7 GHz (57 GHz - 64 GHz), Japan has also divided it into 7 GHz (59.4 GHz - 62.9 GHz), and Europe is 9 GHz (57 GHz - 66 GHz).

[0068] Since the 60 GHz wireless communication technology has extremely large bandwidth, and the transmission rate increases with the increase of bandwidth, the theoretical transmission rate limit of the 60 GHz wireless communication technology can reach several Gbps and can be applied in wireless communication systems such as radar or point-to-point.

[0069] In some embodiments, due to the large loss of millimeter waves during spatial propagation, being restricted by factors such as the cost of millimeter-wave devices, and the limited function of millimeter-wave antenna transmission, the transmission distance of a single millimeter-wave antenna unit is very short. Therefore, millimeter-wave antennas usually appear in the form of an array (e.g., a phased array). In some embodiments, since millimeter waves have a large loss during propagation, in order to reduce the transmission loss, at least two of the antenna unit and / or the antenna array, and the radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) can be integrated into one antenna module.

[0070] In order to enable an electronic device to achieve millimeter-wave radiation, several antenna modules need to be installed inside the mobile phone to achieve signal coverage in different directions and / or different frequency bands. Additionally, in order to better receive and transmit wireless signals, the electronic device needs to have dual-polarization performance simultaneously to receive electromagnetic waves from different polarization directions. Currently, the common method is to install multiple antenna modules with different polarization characteristics on the electronic device. For example, a horizontally polarized antenna and a vertically polarized antenna can be installed at different positions of the electronic device respectively.

[0071] The current antenna module includes multiple antenna units of the same size, and the bandwidth of the antenna module mainly depends on the operating bandwidth of the antenna unit. It should be understood that the operating bandwidth refers to the frequency band in which the reflection coefficient of the antenna unit is lower than -10 dB or lower than -5 dB.

[0072] However, the current operating bandwidth of the antenna unit is relatively narrow, making it difficult to operate in multiple frequency bands and difficult to meet the requirements of future millimeter-wave communication. Secondly, as the functions of electronic devices increase, the number of devices (such as modules, sensors, etc.) inside the electronic device increases, the space for placing antenna modules decreases, and the number of antenna modules that can be accommodated inside the electronic device is limited. Therefore, an antenna module that can operate in multiple frequency bands is needed. Since the bandwidth of the antenna module mainly depends on the antenna unit, an antenna unit that can operate in multiple frequency bands is needed. Generally, the method of enabling an antenna unit to operate in multiple frequency bands includes making the antenna unit have at least two resonance points.

[0073] Before describing the embodiments of the present application, some basic concepts will be explained first:

[0074] Polarization: The polarization direction of an antenna element refers to the direction of the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave in the maximum radiation direction of the antenna element. Common polarization methods of antenna elements include vertical polarization, horizontal polarization, elliptical polarization, circular polarization, etc. If, during the propagation of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element, the electric field direction is horizontal to the ground, the polarization method of the antenna element is horizontal polarization; if, during the propagation of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element, the electric field direction is parallel to the ground, the polarization method of the antenna element is horizontal polarization; if, during the propagation of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element, the electric field direction is perpendicular to the ground, the polarization method of the antenna element is vertical polarization; if, during the propagation of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna element, the trajectory of the end of the electric field vector over time is an ellipse, the polarization method of the antenna element is elliptical polarization.

[0075] Gain: "Gain" refers to the logarithm of the ratio of the electric field strength of the radiation pattern in the strongest radiation direction of the antenna element to the electric field strength of the reference antenna element. If the reference antenna element is an omnidirectional antenna, the unit of gain is dBi; if the reference antenna element is an electric dipole antenna, the unit of gain is dBd. The gain of an antenna element is a passive phenomenon. The antenna element does not increase power but only redistributes it to radiate more energy in a certain direction than an omnidirectional antenna element. If the gain of the antenna element is positive in some directions, due to the conservation of energy of the antenna element, its gain in other directions is negative. Therefore, the gain that the antenna element can achieve needs to balance the coverage range of the antenna element and its gain.

[0076] Resonance: The resonance of an antenna element means that the size of the radiation element that makes up the antenna element is a specific size, and the specific size can be 1 / 4 wavelength, where the wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the resonance point. Common resonance modes of the radiation element include 1 / 4 wavelength resonance mode, 1 / 2 wavelength resonance mode, 3 / 4 wavelength resonance mode, etc.

[0077] Return Loss: It can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the feed port of the antenna element after passing through the antenna element to the transmitted power of the feed port. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated into space through the antenna element, and the higher the radiation efficiency of the antenna element. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna element, and the lower the radiation efficiency of the antenna element. Return loss can be expressed by the reflection coefficient S11 parameter, and the S11 parameter is usually negative. The smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the return loss of the antenna element and the higher the radiation efficiency; the larger the S11 parameter, the larger the return loss of the antenna element and the lower the radiation efficiency. Through this, the frequency point corresponding to the minimum value in the S11 parameter is called the resonance frequency.

[0078] Operating Bandwidth: The operating bandwidth of an antenna element refers to the frequency range within which it can operate effectively. In engineering, the frequency band where the S11 parameter is less than -10 dB or less than -5 dB is usually referred to as the operating bandwidth.

[0079] Differential Feeding: A feeding method with equal amplitudes but a phase difference of 180 degrees. It should be understood that considering the actual processing and testing errors, a feeding method with approximately equal amplitudes (or the difference is within the allowable range) and an approximate phase difference of 180 degrees (or the difference is within the allowable range) is also within the scope of "differential feeding" described in the embodiments of this application.

[0080] Pattern: Also known as the radiation pattern. It refers to the graph of the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the far-field radiation varying with direction at a certain distance from the antenna element. Usually, it is represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns in the direction of the maximum radiation direction of the antenna element. The pattern usually has multiple radiation beams. Among them, the radiation beam with the maximum radiation intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining radiation beams are called side lobes or minor lobes. Among the side lobes, the side lobe in the direction opposite to the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

[0081] The pattern is related to the electrical length of the antenna element. For example, for an electric dipole, the pattern of a half-wavelength electrical length structure is different from that of a full-wavelength electrical length structure.

[0082] Antenna Array: An antenna array composed of multiple identical (or different) antenna elements arranged according to a certain rule. Through control by a controller, the current amplitude and phase fed to each antenna element are used to control the radiation pattern of the array antenna. This method can also be called beamforming. By implementing beamforming through a phased array antenna control system, high gain can be obtained in a specific direction, or the beam of the array antenna can be scanned.

[0083] Dielectric Wavelength: Due to the presence of a dielectric, the electromagnetic parameters of the dielectric (such as permittivity and permeability) are different from those in a vacuum, and the propagation speed of electromagnetic waves in the dielectric is different from that in a vacuum, that is, its wavelength is different. The wavelength of propagation in the dielectric is the dielectric wavelength.

[0084] Coupled Connection: The coupled connection described in the embodiments of this application can refer to the signal transfer method, without restricting whether the devices (or modules, units) in the signal transfer process are directly connected or indirectly connected.

[0085] It can be understood that the specific embodiments described in this application are only used to explain the relevant invention, rather than limiting the invention. Additionally, it should be noted that for the sake of convenience in description, only the parts related to the invention are shown in the drawings. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0086] An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna unit, a wireless transceiver device, and an electronic device that can operate in multiple frequency bands.

[0087] The antenna unit and / or the wireless transceiver device provided in the present application can be applied to an electronic device. Schematically, an embodiment of the present application takes the electronic device 100 as an example for illustration.

[0088] The electronic device 100 may include at least one of a mobile phone, a foldable electronic device, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, a handheld computer, a notebook computer, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a netbook, a personal digital assistant (PDA), an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, an artificial intelligence (AI) device, a wearable device (such as a smart bracelet, a smart watch, a smart pendant, etc.), a vehicle-mounted device, a smart home device, or a smart city device. The electronic device 100 may also be a handheld device with wireless communication function, a computing device, or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device (such as a vehicle-mounted radar), an electronic device in a 5G network, or an electronic device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN). The embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0089] Figure 1 The architecture diagram of the electronic device 100 provided in the present application is exemplarily shown, and the electronic device 100 is taken as a mobile phone for illustration.

[0090] The electronic device 100 may include a processor 110, an external memory interface 120, an internal memory 121, a universal serial bus (USB) connector 130, a charging management module 140, a power management module 141, a battery 142, an antenna 1, an antenna 2, a mobile communication module 150, a wireless communication module 160, an audio module 170, a speaker 170A, a receiver 170B, a microphone 170C, a headphone jack 170D, a sensor module 180, a button 190, a motor 191, an indicator 192, a camera 193, a display screen 194, and a subscriber identification module (SIM) card interface 195, etc. The sensor module 180 may include a pressure sensor (not shown in the figure), a gyroscope sensor 180B, a barometric pressure sensor (not shown in the figure), a magnetic sensor (not shown in the figure), an acceleration sensor 180E, a distance sensor 180F, a proximity light sensor 180G, a fingerprint sensor 180H, a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure), a touch sensor 180K, an ambient light sensor 180L, a bone conduction sensor 180M, etc.

[0091] It can be understood that the structure schematically shown in the embodiments of the present application does not constitute a specific limitation on the electronic device 100. In other embodiments of the present application, the electronic device 100 may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or split certain components, or have different component arrangements (for example, the electronic device 100 may not include the USB connector 130 but include a lightning interface). The illustrated components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0092] The processor 110 may include one or more processing units. For example, the processor 110 may include an application processor (AP), a modem processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a controller, a video codec, a digital signal processor (DSP), a baseband processor, and / or a neural-network processing unit (NPU), etc. Among them, different processing units may be independent devices or integrated in one or more processors.

[0093] The wireless communication function of the electronic device 100 can be implemented by the antenna 1, antenna 2, mobile communication module 150, wireless communication module 160, modulation and demodulation processor, baseband processor, etc.

[0094] The antenna 1 and the antenna 2 are used to transmit and receive electromagnetic wave signals. Each antenna in the electronic device 100 can be used to cover a single or multiple communication frequency bands. Different antennas can also be multiplexed to improve the utilization rate of the antennas. For example, the antenna 1 can be multiplexed as the diversity antenna of the wireless local area network. In some other embodiments, the antenna can be used in combination with a tuning switch.

[0095] In some embodiments, the antenna 1 and / or the antenna 2 can exist in the form of an antenna module. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the antenna module can also be referred to as a wireless transceiver device.

[0096] The mobile communication module 150 can provide solutions for wireless communications including 2G / 3G / 4G / 5G, etc. applied to the electronic device 100. The mobile communication module 150 can include at least one filter, switch, power amplifier, low noise amplifier (LNA), etc. The mobile communication module 150 can receive electromagnetic waves by the antenna 1, filter, amplify, etc. the received electromagnetic waves, and transmit them to the modulation and demodulation processor for demodulation. The mobile communication module 150 can also amplify the signal modulated by the modulation and demodulation processor and convert it into electromagnetic waves through the antenna 1 for radiation. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 can be disposed in the processor 110. In some embodiments, at least some functional modules of the mobile communication module 150 and at least some modules of the processor 110 can be disposed in the same device.

[0097] The modulation and demodulation processor can include a modulator and a demodulator. Among them, the modulator is used to modulate the low-frequency baseband signal to be transmitted into a medium-high frequency signal. The demodulator is used to demodulate the received electromagnetic wave signal into a low-frequency baseband signal. Subsequently, the demodulator transmits the demodulated low-frequency baseband signal to the baseband processor for processing. After being processed by the baseband processor, the low-frequency baseband signal is transmitted to the application processor. The application processor outputs a sound signal through an audio device (not limited to the speaker 170A, receiver 170B, etc.), or displays an image or video through the display screen 194. In some embodiments, the modulation and demodulation processor can be an independent device. In some other embodiments, the modulation and demodulation processor can be independent of the processor 110 and be disposed in the same device as the mobile communication module 150 or other functional modules.

[0098] The wireless communication module 160 may provide wireless communication solutions applied to the electronic device 100, including wireless local area networks (WLANs) (such as wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) networks), Bluetooth (BT), Bluetooth low energy (BLE), ultra wide band (UWB), global navigation satellite system (GNSS), frequency modulation (FM), near field communication (NFC), infrared (IR), etc. The wireless communication module 160 may be one or more devices integrating at least one communication processing module. The wireless communication module 160 receives electromagnetic waves via the antenna 2, performs frequency modulation and filtering processing on the electromagnetic wave signals, and sends the processed signals to the processor 110. The wireless communication module 160 may also receive signals to be sent from the processor 110, perform frequency modulation and amplification on them, and convert them into electromagnetic waves through the antenna 2 for radiation.

[0099] In some embodiments, antenna 1 of electronic device 100 is coupled to mobile communication module 150, and antenna 2 is coupled to wireless communication module 160, such that electronic device 100 can communicate with a network and other electronic devices through wireless communication technologies. The wireless communication technologies may include global system for mobile communications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA), time-division code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA), long term evolution (LTE), BT, GNSS, WLAN, NFC, FM, and / or IR technologies, etc. The GNSS may include global positioning system (GPS), global navigation satellite system (GLONASS), beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), quasi-zenith satellite system (QZSS), and / or satellite based augmentation systems (SBAS).

[0100] Figures 2A - 2B FIG. is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 100 configured with an antenna module provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0101] As Figure 2A shown, electronic device 100 is taken as an example of a mobile phone for illustration.

[0102] Electronic device 100 may include at least one of elements such as a display module, a middle frame, a rear cover, and a printed circuit board (PCB).

[0103] The material of the middle frame (or the rear cover) may include at least one of materials such as plastic, glass, and metal; in some embodiments, the middle frame and the rear cover may be integrated.

[0104] Schematically, the antenna module on the electronic device 100 may include an antenna module 205 located on or near the middle frame of the mobile phone. To avoid the antenna radiation signal being blocked, the middle frame of the electronic device may include an opening (for example, a speaker audio opening or other opening), where the opening can be used to place the antenna module 205 as the radiation window of the antenna module 205, and the opening can be filled with a dielectric (for example, plastic) or air.

[0105] In some embodiments, to avoid the radiation signal of the antenna being blocked by a human hand, other parts of the body, or other objects in the environment, resulting in communication interruption, the electronic device 100 may include multiple antenna modules, and the electronic device 100 can switch antennas in different scenarios to keep the communication uninterrupted. For example, the electronic device may further include antenna modules 207, 201, and 203 at different positions of the electronic device. When the user holds the electronic device 100, the antenna modules 203 and 205 may be blocked by the user's hand, and the electronic device can detect the strength of the received signal and / or detect the user's gesture (for example, detect the posture of the user's hand grip), and then switch the working antenna to the antenna module 201 and / or the antenna module 207.

[0106] In some embodiments, to meet the communication requirements in different radiation directions, the electronic device may further include an antenna module 209 on the rear cover. In some embodiments, the antenna module 209 on the electronic device 100 may also be placed on the PCB board, and the antenna module 209 on the electronic device 100 may also be placed on the display module. In some embodiments, the antenna module 209 may also be fixed in the FPC.

[0107] It should be understood that the positions of the antenna modules 207, 205, 201, 203, and 209 are schematic.

[0108] Schematically, as Figure 3A shown, the antenna module 205 may include multiple antenna units on the substrate 300. For example, the antenna module 205 may include antenna units 205-1, 205-2, 205-3, and 205-4. It should be understood that the number and arrangement of the antenna units are schematic. It should be understood that the substrate 300 may be a rigid or flexible circuit board, or a dielectric (for example, materials such as epoxy resin, ceramic, glass, foam, plastic, etc.) substrate. In some embodiments, the substrate 300 may include multiple dielectric layers, where the dielectric layers may include multiple layers of glass fiber-filled epoxy resin, etc.

[0109] In some embodiments, the electronic device 100 can feed different antenna elements through a feeding network to different feeding ports. For example, by controlling the amplitude and phase of the currents of the feeding ports 301, 302, 303, and 304, the switching of the radiation beam of the antenna module 205 can be controlled. It should be understood that the feeding network can be integrated in the antenna module 205.

[0110] In some embodiments, the antenna module 205 can operate in a single frequency band, and the sizes of the antenna elements on the antenna module 205 are the same.

[0111] In some embodiments, the antenna module 205 can operate in multiple frequency bands, and the antenna module 205 can include antenna elements with different structures and / or sizes. For example, the antenna elements 205-1 and 205-2 are a group of antenna elements with the same structure and the same size, and the antenna elements 205-3 and 205-4 are another group of antenna elements with the same structure and the same size, where the structure of the antenna elements 205-3 and 205-4 is different from that of the antenna elements 205-3 and 205-4, and the resonance points of the antenna elements 205-3 and 205-4 are different from those of the antenna elements 205-3 and 205-4.

[0112] In some embodiments, the structure of the antenna element 205-1 can be a patch antenna (the shape of the patch can be circular, elliptical, rectangular, etc.), a dipole antenna, a Yagi antenna, a magnetoelectric dipole antenna, a loop antenna, an inverted-F antenna, a slot antenna, a spiral antenna, and any combination of the above antennas. Different antenna combinations can be antennas with different bandwidths. In some embodiments, the antenna element can be a circularly polarized antenna or a linearly polarized antenna, and the polarization mode of the antenna element is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0113] In some embodiments, as Figure 3B shown, the antenna module 205 on the electronic device 100 includes an antenna array, where the antenna array is composed of at least 2 antenna elements. The antenna module 205 including the antenna array can simultaneously have multiple beams and radiate in multiple directions. For example, the antenna module 205 can generate beams 208-1, 208-2, and 208-3. In some embodiments, the antenna module can achieve radiation in different directions through beamforming (for example, different pointing beams can be generated by switching switches). For example, the antenna module 205 can switch beams between the beams 208-1, 208-2, and 208-3 through beamforming. For example, at the first moment, the beam radiated by the antenna module 205 is 208-1; at the second moment, due to the change in demand, the beam radiated by the antenna module 205 can be 208-2. It should be understood that the beam switching described in this embodiment refers to the switching of the main lobe radiation direction of the antenna module's radiation pattern.

[0114] Figure 3C Shows a schematic structural diagram of an antenna module 207 including a radio frequency integrated circuit.

[0115] The antenna module 207 may include antenna elements (e.g., 205-1, 205-2, 205-3, 205-4) and a radio frequency integrated circuit (e.g., 206-1). In some embodiments, it further includes a medium for placing the antenna elements (e.g., 205-5) and a medium for placing the radio frequency integrated circuit (e.g., 206-4). The radio frequency integrated circuit includes at least one or a combination of multiple circuits such as a radio frequency transceiver circuit, a power amplifier circuit, an up / down conversion circuit, a duplexer, a low noise amplifier circuit, a tuning circuit, a switch, etc. It should be understood that the circuits such as the radio frequency transceiver circuit, the power amplifier circuit, the up / down conversion circuit, the duplexer, the low noise amplifier circuit, the tuning circuit, the switch, etc. can be in the form of a chip and be packaged with the antenna elements and / or an array (e.g., in an antenna-in-package manner) into the antenna module 207.

[0116] Schematically, the antenna module 207 may include an antenna array, where the antenna array is composed of antenna elements 205-1, 205-2, 205-3, 205-4. The antenna module 207 may further include at least one of elements such as a power management chip (or power management circuit) 206-2, a radio frequency transceiver chip (or radio frequency transceiver circuit) 206-3, etc.

[0117] As Figure 4 shown, the antenna module 209 may also include an antenna array composed of an antenna element 209-1, etc., or the antenna module 209 may form a module with a radio frequency integrated circuit. The description of the antenna element 209-1 and the antenna module 209 can refer to Figures 3A - 3C the relevant content, which will not be elaborated here.

[0118] It should be noted that on the electronic device 100, the radiation beam direction of the antenna module 209 is different from that of the antenna module 205. The direction in which the radiation beam of the antenna module 209 is located is the front or the back of the electronic device 100.

[0119] Figures 5A - 5C Shown is an exemplary structure of an antenna element 205-1 provided by an embodiment of the present application, where Figure 5A is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the antenna element 205-1, Figure 5B is an exploded view of the structure of the antenna element 205-1, Figure 5C is a side view of the structure of the antenna element 205-1.

[0120] As Figure 5B (or Figure 5C) As shown, the antenna unit 205-1 includes at least three conductive layers (e.g., metal, graphene, etc.). Hereinafter, the conductive layer is taken as an example of metal for illustrative purposes. As Figure 5B shown, from bottom to top, there are a metal floor 506, a first radiation unit 504, and a second radiation unit 502 in sequence. Among them, between the metal floor 506, the first radiation unit 504, and the second radiation unit 502, there is dielectric filling (e.g., dielectric 503 is filled between the metal floor 506 and the first radiation unit 504, and dielectric 501 is filled between the first radiation unit 504 and the second radiation unit 502). In some embodiments, the dielectric (501 or 503) may include a dielectric substrate and a prepreg. The antenna unit using a dielectric layer has the advantages of low profile, small size, and easy processing, which is convenient for integration with an integrated circuit. In addition, using a dielectric can make the antenna unit have the advantage of miniaturization.

[0121] In some embodiments, as Figure 5C shown, the dielectric 501 between the first radiation unit 504 and the second radiation unit 502 may include a dielectric substrate 5011, a dielectric substrate 5013 (e.g., both the dielectric substrate 5011 and the dielectric substrate 5012 are Rogers laminate Rogers4350B), prepregs 5012 and 5014 (e.g., both the prepregs 5012 and 5014 are Rogers prepreg Rogers4450F). Among them, the thicknesses of the dielectric substrates 5011 and 5013 are 0.2 mm and 0.3 mm respectively, and the thicknesses of the prepregs 5012 and 5014 are both 0.1 mm.

[0122] Schematically, between the metal floor 506 and the first radiation unit 504, there is a layer of dielectric substrate (e.g., Rogers laminate Rogers4350B) with a thickness of 0.2 mm.

[0123] As Figure 5BAs shown, the metal floor 506 serves as the floor of the antenna unit. Holes (or slots) are formed in the floor for placing a feeding port (e.g., a coaxial cable), or for feeding the antenna unit by means of coupling, where the feeding port feeds the antenna unit. In some embodiments, slots are formed in the floor, and a feeding port is placed below the slots. The feeding port includes a microstrip line, a coaxial cable, a strip line, a waveguide slot, etc. The energy of the feeding port is coupled to the antenna unit through the slots to feed the antenna unit. In some embodiments, in order to enable the antenna unit to radiate in dual polarization, there can be at least two holes (slots) for feeding on the floor. Exemplarily, the metal floor 506 has 4 openings for placing feeding ports to feed the antenna unit, namely feeding port 1, feeding port 2, feeding port 3, and feeding port 4 (not shown). Exemplarily, feeding port 1 includes a first conductor (e.g., 514) and a second conductor (e.g., 512), where the first conductor is the inner conductor and the second conductor is the outer conductor, and the second conductor is arranged around the first conductor. There is a dielectric or air between the first conductor and the second conductor for maintaining the transmission of electromagnetic waves. The first conductor is used as the feeding point of the antenna unit and is connected to the first radiation unit of the antenna unit, and the second conductor is connected to the floor of the antenna unit to achieve grounding.

[0124] In some embodiments, the implementation form of the first conductor of the feeding port can be a probe. In other words, the antenna unit 205-1 can adopt probe feeding. For example, as Figure 5A shown, one end of the probe of feeding port 1 (for example) is electrically connected (including physical direct connection and coupling connection) to the inner conductor of the feeding coaxial cable (not shown), and the other end of the probe is electrically connected to the first radiation unit 504 (e.g., directly connected or coupled), and the metal floor 506 is electrically connected to the outer conductor 512 of the feeding coaxial cable to achieve grounding.

[0125] In some embodiments, the probe can be bent into an L shape or a π shape and is electrically connected to the first radiation unit 504 by means of coupling to feed the antenna unit and expand the bandwidth of the antenna unit.

[0126] In some embodiments, the feeding port method can also be a microstrip line, a strip line, or a waveguide slot, etc. In some embodiments, the antenna unit 205-1 can be fed by a differential feeding method. For example, ports 1 and 3 are in a differential feeding method. It should be understood that the differential feeding method means that the current amplitudes of the feeding ports are equal and the phases differ by 180 degrees. It should be noted that the differential feeding method can be constructed by a feeding network, where the feeding network can be placed below the metal floor 506, and the differential feeding method can also be constructed by a phase shifter.

[0127] By means of differential feeding, the balun can be avoided, the structure is simple, the radiation pattern of the antenna element is stable, the energy loss can be reduced, and the radiation efficiency can be improved. Secondly, differential feeding can reduce the cross-polarization level.

[0128] Integrating the differential feeding structure and the radiation structure of the antenna element can reduce the lateral space, thus realizing the miniaturization of the antenna element.

[0129] The form of the first radiation element can be a patch (for example, patch 5041). The shape of the patch can be at least one of a rectangle, a triangle, a cross, a circle, and an ellipse or a combination thereof, so that the first radiation element can generate at least one resonance point and expand the bandwidth of the antenna element. Using a patch to form the radiation element can utilize the advantage of the low profile of the patch, making the antenna element easy to process.

[0130] In some embodiments, the patch (single patch or multiple patches) can also be provided with slots or slits (irregular slits or regular slits). For example, the patch can be provided with a circular slit, a rectangular slit, a U-shaped slit, etc. By means of slot loading, the current path can be extended, the first radiation element can be miniaturized, the working modes of the antenna element can be increased, and the bandwidth of the antenna element can be expanded.

[0131] In some embodiments, the first radiation element can also include a pair of patches with the same size. For example, as Figure 5A shown, the first radiation element includes two patches (for example, two branches of the first dipole formed by the first patch 5041 and the second patch 5043). The metal floor 506 includes two openings for placing the feeding port 1 and the feeding port 3. The feeding port 1 includes a first conductor and a second conductor, the feeding port 2 includes a third conductor and a fourth conductor. The first conductor is electrically connected to the end of the first patch 5041, and the second conductor is electrically connected to the metal floor 506; the third conductor is electrically connected to the end of the second patch 5043, and the third conductor is electrically connected to the metal floor 506.

[0132] In some embodiments, the two patches form a first dipole, and the first dipole is fed by means of differential feeding. By means of differential feeding, the cross-polarization level of the antenna element can be reduced, and the radiation pattern of the antenna element is stable. It should be understood that the feeding point of the differential feeding is electrically connected to the end of the patch.

[0133] In some embodiments, the first radiation unit includes a first patch 5041 and a second patch 5043, where the first patch 5041 and the second patch 5043 form two branches of the first dipole. The first patch 5041 and the second patch 5043 respectively have a first projection and a second projection on the metal floor, and the metal floor is provided with a slot, where the slot is between the first projection and the second projection. In some embodiments, the feeding port is in the form of a microstrip line, and the microstrip line includes a fifth conductor and a sixth conductor, where the fifth conductor is electrically connected to the floor of the antenna unit, and the sixth conductor is coupled to the first radiation unit through the slot on the floor. In some embodiments, the metal floor is the upper metal layer of a waveguide, and the upper metal layer of the waveguide is provided with a slot, and the waveguide constitutes the feeding port, and the energy in the waveguide feeds the first radiation unit in a coupled manner.

[0134] In some embodiments, the shape of the patch of the first radiation unit (e.g., patch 5041) is a planar cone. It should be understood that, as Figure 5D shown, the planar cone is formed by splicing at least one isosceles triangle and a rectangle, where the base of the isosceles triangle coincides with one side of the rectangle. The planar cone patch constituting the first radiation unit 504 is a planar single cone formed by a combination of a first triangle and a first rectangle. Specifically, the base of the first isosceles triangle overlaps with the first side of the first rectangle. By adding a triangle to the rectangular patch, the formed planar single cone can change the current path, so that the impedance on the planar single cone patch changes slowly, reducing reflection and expanding the bandwidth of the antenna unit.

[0135] Similar to the first radiation unit, the second radiation unit may also include a patch (e.g., patch 5021), and the description of the second radiation unit may refer to the relevant content of the first radiation unit, which will not be elaborated here. Schematically, the second radiation unit may include a second dipole (e.g., two branches of the second dipole are formed by a third patch 5021 and a fourth patch 5023).

[0136] It should be understood that in some embodiments, the shape of the second radiation unit may be different from the shape of the first radiation unit. Schematically, as Figure 5EAs shown, the patch forming the second radiation element 504 is a planar biconical patch, where the planar biconical patch is a cone formed by combining a first isosceles triangle, a first rectangle, and a second isosceles triangle. Specifically, the base of the first isosceles triangle overlaps with the first side of the first rectangle, and the base of the second isosceles triangle overlaps with the second side of the first rectangle, and the first side and the second side are opposite sides of the first rectangle. By adding isosceles triangles to the rectangular patch, the formed planar biconical patch can change the current path, making the impedance at both ends of the biconical patch change slowly, and expanding the bandwidth of the antenna element. In some embodiments, the apex angles of the first isosceles triangle and the second isosceles triangle are different. For example, the apex angle of the second isosceles triangle at the feed point end is greater than the apex angle of the first isosceles triangle away from the feed point. Since the impact of the impedance mutation at the feed point on the impedance of the antenna element is greater than the impedance mutation at the end away from the feed point, and secondly, adding an isosceles triangle at the end away from the feed point will reduce the gain of the antenna element. Therefore, by setting the apex angle of the first isosceles triangle to be less than the apex angle of the second isosceles triangle, in other words, making the impedance change corresponding to the second isosceles triangle near the feed point slower, and the impedance change corresponding to the first isosceles triangle away from the feed point faster, this can reduce the reflection of the current, expand the bandwidth of the antenna element, and maintain the gain of the antenna as much as possible.

[0137] The patch shape of the second radiation element is different from that of the first radiation element (for example, the patch of the first radiation element is a planar single cone, and the patch of the second radiation element is a planar biconical, where the planar single cone and the planar biconical are different shapes), and the resonance points generated by the first radiation element and the second radiation element are different, which can expand the bandwidth of the antenna element.

[0138] In some embodiments, the second radiation element and the second radiation element have the same shape (for example, the shapes of the second radiation element and the second radiation element are both rectangular patches), and the shape sizes of the second radiation element and the second radiation element are different. The first radiation element generates a first resonance point, and the second radiation element generates a second resonance point, where the first resonance point is different from the second resonance point. For example, the first radiation element and the second radiation element are both rectangular patches, but with different sizes (the lengths of the rectangular patches are different and / or the widths of the rectangular patches are different), and the lengths of the rectangular patches are approximately 1 / 4 of the first wavelength and 1 / 4 of the second wavelength respectively, where the first wavelength and the second wavelength are the wavelengths corresponding to the first resonance point and the second resonance point respectively. The first radiation element and the second radiation element have different resonance frequencies, which can expand the bandwidth of the antenna element. It should be understood that due to factors such as processing errors, there are deviations in the lengths of the rectangular patches forming the first radiation element and the second radiation element in the actual product, but those within the error tolerance range belong to the protection scope of this application.

[0139] The first radiation element 504 is electrically connected to the second radiation element 502. In some embodiments, the first radiation element 504 and the second radiation element 502 may be electrically connected through metal vias 510 (or metal through-holes, metal posts). Schematically, the patch forming the first radiation element is physically directly connected to the patch forming the second radiation element through the metal via 510. The current signal on the first radiation element reaches the second radiation element through the metal via 510 to feed the second radiation element. Schematically, Figure 5A The structure in includes 4 metal vias 510. It should be understood that the patch forming the first radiation element and the patch forming the second radiation element may also be connected by capacitive coupling.

[0140] The metal vias 510 are respectively electrically connected to one end of the patch in the first radiation element and one end of the patch in the second radiation element. For example, the metal via 510 may be electrically connected to one end (the end far from the feeding point of the first radiation element) of the patch 5041 and one end (the feeding point of the second radiation element) of the patch 5021.

[0141] In some embodiments, in order to further expand the bandwidth of the antenna element, as Figure 5A shown, the connection point of the metal via 510 and the patch (e.g., the patch 5041) forming the first dipole antenna (or the second dipole antenna) is between the first end (the feeding point of the first radiation element) and the second end (the end far from the feeding point of the first radiation element) of the patch (e.g., the patch 5041). For example, the connection point of the metal via 510 connecting the patches 5021 and 5041 on the patch stub 5041 is between the feeding end and the end of the patch 5041, and the connection point deviates from the end of the patch 5041 by a distance l3. By constructing an offset l3, the resonance point of the antenna element can be increased, and the bandwidth of the antenna element can be expanded.

[0142] By adjusting the offset l3 to 1 / 4λ, the antenna element 205-1 can generate a third resonance point, where λ is the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the third resonance point.

[0143] In some embodiments, the first radiation element includes a first patch 5041 and a second patch 5043 forming the first dipole. In order to achieve dual-polarization radiation, the first radiation element may further include a third dipole orthogonal to the polarization of the first dipole, and the second resonant element may further include a fourth dipole orthogonal to the polarization of the second dipole. Schematically, the third dipole includes patch stubs 5042 and 5044, and the fourth dipole includes patch stubs 5022 and 5024. It should be noted that the description of the shape and feeding method of the third dipole can refer to the description of the first dipole, and the description of the shape and feeding method of the fourth dipole can refer to the description of the third dipole, which will not be elaborated here. It should be noted that in such asFigure 5A In the coordinate system shown, when feeding through feeding port 1 and feeding port 3, the polarization mode radiated by antenna element 205-1 is 45° polarization; when feeding through feeding port 2 and feeding port 4, the polarization mode radiated by antenna element 205-1 is -45° polarization.

[0144] As Figure 5B shown, in some embodiments, in order to further expand the bandwidth of the antenna element, parasitic elements may further be included around the first radiation element and / or the second radiation element. For example, the parasitic elements may include parasitic metal patches (not shown) and / or parasitic metal posts. Schematically, parasitic metal posts 508 are included around antenna element 205-1, wherein one end of the parasitic metal posts 508 is grounded and the other end is coupled to the second radiation element 502. The gap between the second radiation element 502 and the surrounding metal posts 508 forms a capacitor, and the capacitance structure and the inductance of the parasitic metal posts 508 themselves can form a resonant structure, so the bandwidth can be expanded. The shape of the parasitic metal posts 508 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application. Schematically, the parasitic metal posts may be rectangular metal posts, circular metal posts, etc. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the parasitic metal posts may be metal vias.

[0145] By adjusting the first radiation element, the second radiation element, the offset l3, and the size of the parasitic elements, at least four resonance points can be generated for antenna element 205-1 to expand the bandwidth of the antenna element.

[0146] Figure 6 Shown is a reflection coefficient diagram of a schematic antenna element 205-1 provided by an embodiment of the present application, wherein the antenna element 205-1 includes a metal floor 506, a first dielectric layer 603, a first radiation element 504, a second dielectric layer 501, and a second radiation element 502 that are sequentially stacked.

[0147] The first radiation element 504 includes four patches, namely patches 5041, 5043, 5042, and 5044, wherein the patches 5041 and 5043 constitute the first and second branches of the first dipole, and the patches 5042 and 5044 constitute the first and second branches of the third dipole.

[0148] The shapes of the patches 5041, 5043, 5042, and 5044 are all planar single-cones and have the same size.

[0149] The second radiation element 502 includes four patches, namely patches 5021, 5023, 5022, and 5024, wherein the patches 5021 and 5023 constitute the first and second branches of the second dipole, and the patches 5022 and 5024 constitute the first and second branches of the fourth dipole.

[0150] The shapes of the patches 5041, 5043, 5042, and 5044 are all planar biconical, and they have the same size.

[0151] The metal floor 506 includes 4 openings for placing 4 feeding ports. Each feeding port includes a first conductor 514 and a second conductor 512. The first conductor 514 is electrically connected to the end of the first radiation unit, and the second conductor is electrically connected to the metal floor.

[0152] The first radiation unit and the second radiation unit are electrically connected through a metal via.

[0153] The connection point of the metal via 510 and the patch 5041 is between the first end (the feeding point of the first radiation unit) and the second end (the end far from the feeding point of the first radiation unit) of the patch 5041. The distance from the connection point to the end (the end far from the feeding point) of the patch 5041 is the offset l3. Regarding the connection manner of the metal via 510 and the patches 5042, 5043, and 5044, the connection manner of the metal via 510 and the patch 5041 can be cited, and details are not repeated here.

[0154] The antenna unit 205-1 further includes 4 parasitic metal posts. One end of each metal post is electrically connected to the metal floor, and the other ends are respectively coupled to the patches 5021, 5023, 5022, and 5024.

[0155] By differentially feeding through the feeding port 1 and the feeding port 3, the antenna unit 205-1 has 4 resonance points in the 20-70 GHz frequency band. The bandwidth of the antenna unit is 24-67.3 GHz (the relative bandwidth is 94.9%).

[0156] Figures 7A - 7D It is the current distribution diagram corresponding to different resonance points when the antenna unit 205-1 is fed at the feeding port 1 and the feeding port 3.

[0157] The first resonance point is 25.7 GHz. As Figure 7A shown, at this frequency point, the current is mainly distributed on the parasitic metal posts, and the first resonance point is mainly generated by the parasitic metal posts.

[0158] The second resonance point is 40.4 GHz. As Figure 7B shown, at this frequency point, the current is mainly distributed on the second dipole of the second resonance element. Therefore, the second resonance point is generated by the second radiation unit.

[0159] The third resonance point is 58.1 GHz. As Figure 7C shown, at this frequency point, the current is mainly distributed on the first dipole of the first radiation unit. Therefore, the third resonance point is generated by the first radiation unit.

[0160] The fourth resonance point is 66.6 GHz. As Figure 7D shown, at this frequency point, the current is mainly distributed on the protruding part l3 of the first dipole. Therefore, the fourth resonance point is mainly generated by the protruding part l3 on the first radiation element.

[0161] Figures 8 - 9 It is the gain and radiation efficiency diagram of the antenna element 205-1 within the frequency band of 20 GHz - 70 GHz for the antenna element 205-1.

[0162] Within the frequency band of 20 GHz - 70 GHz, the antenna element is fed through the feeding port 1 and the feeding port 3, and the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna element with a main polarization of 45-degree polarization are obtained. The antenna element is fed through the feeding port 2 and the feeding port 4, and the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna element with a main polarization of -45-degree polarization are obtained.

[0163] Due to differential feeding, the cross-polarization level of the antenna element is relatively low. As Figure 8 shown, the gains of the two polarization modes are not much different. The antenna element has relatively flat gain variation curves (5 - 6.1 dBi) and is relatively consistent within the frequency band of 24.2 - 63.2 GHz for both polarization modes.

[0164] As Figure 9 shown, within the frequency band of 23.7 - 67.5 GHz, the antenna element has relatively flat radiation efficiency variation curves (> 95%) and is relatively consistent, having good performance of stable radiation.

[0165] Figures 10A - 10D Shown is the radiation pattern of the antenna element at the frequency points of 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 50 GHz, and 60 GHz when the antenna element is fed by the differential feeding method through the feeding port 1 and the feeding port 3.

[0166] Figure 10A It is the main polarization and cross-polarization of the antenna element at the 45° direction plane and the -45° direction plane at the 28 GHz frequency point under the feeding excitation of the differential feeding ports 1 and 3;

[0167] It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, after the feeding ports 1 and 3 are excited, the polarization direction of the antenna element is 45-degree polarization, and after the feeding ports 2 and 4 are excited, the polarization direction of the antenna element is -45-degree polarization.

[0168] Under the differential feeding excitation of the feeding ports 1 and 3, phi equals the -45-degree direction (at as Figure 5ABased on the rectangular coordinate system, the corresponding spherical coordinate system is established. The plane where Figure 10A the electric field direction is parallel to the section direction is defined as the E-plane, and the plane with phi at 45 degrees is defined as the H-plane (the electric field direction is perpendicular to the section direction). The main polarization mode of the antenna element 205-1 in the plane at 45 degrees (H-plane) is 45-degree polarization, and the cross-polarization is -45-degree polarization. Since the main polarization direction is related to the feeding, similarly, the main polarization mode of the antenna element 205-1 in the plane at -45 degrees (E-plane) is also 45-degree polarization, and the cross-polarization is -45-degree polarization. As can be seen from

[0169] Figure 10B Fig. Figure 10A is the comparison diagram of the main polarization and cross-polarization of the antenna element 205-1 at the 38 GHz frequency point in the plane with phi at 45° and the plane with phi at -45° under the excitation of the differential feeding ports 1 and 3. The description of the main polarization (45-degree polarization) and cross-polarization (-45-degree polarization) for different planes (E-plane and H-plane) can refer to Figure 10A the relevant description, which will not be elaborated here.

[0170] Figure 10C Fig. Figure 10A is the comparison diagram of the main polarization and cross-polarization of the antenna element at the 50 GHz frequency point in the plane with phi at 45° and the plane with phi at -45° under the excitation of the differential feeding ports 1 and 3. The description of the main polarization (45-degree polarization) and cross-polarization (-45-degree polarization) for different planes (E-plane and H-plane) can refer to Figure 10A the relevant description, which will not be elaborated here.

[0171] Figure 10D Fig. Figure 10A is the comparison diagram of the main polarization and cross-polarization of the antenna element at the 60 GHz frequency point in the plane with phi at 45° and the plane with phi at -45° under the excitation of the differential feeding ports 1 and 3. The description of the main polarization (45-degree polarization) and cross-polarization (-45-degree polarization) for different planes (E-plane and H-plane) can refer to Figure 10A the relevant description, which will not be elaborated here.

[0172] Figures 11A - 11D Fig. shows the radiation patterns of the antenna element at the frequency points of 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 50 GHz, and 60 GHz when fed by the differential feeding method through the feeding ports 2 and 4.

[0173] Figure 11A Fig.

[0173] is the comparison diagram of the main polarization and cross-polarization of the antenna element 205-1 at the 28 GHz frequency point in the plane with phi at -45° and the plane with phi at 45° under the excitation of the differential feeding ports 2 and 4.

[0174] Under the differential feeding excitation of feeding port 2 and feeding port 4, the plane with phi equal to 45 degrees is the E-plane, and the plane with phi equal to -45 degrees is the H-plane. The main polarization mode of the antenna element in the -45-degree direction plane (H-plane) is -45-degree polarization, and the cross polarization is 45-degree polarization. Similarly, in the 45-degree direction plane (E-plane), the main polarization mode is also -45-degree polarization, and the cross polarization is also 45-degree polarization. As can be seen from Figure 11A it that on both the E-plane and the H-plane, the main polarization (-45-degree polarization) of the antenna element is greater than the cross polarization (45-degree polarization).

[0175] Figure 11B Fig. is the comparison diagram of the main polarization and cross polarization of antenna element 205-1 at the 38 GHz frequency point and in the planes with phi equal to -45° and phi equal to 45° under the excitation of differential ports 2 and 4. The descriptions of the main polarization (-45-degree polarization) and cross polarization (45-degree polarization) on different planes (E-plane and H-plane) can refer to Figure 11A the relevant descriptions, which will not be elaborated here.

[0176] Figure 11C Fig. is the comparison diagram of the main polarization and cross polarization of antenna element 205-1 at the 50 GHz frequency point and in the planes with phi equal to -45° and phi equal to 45° under the excitation of differential feeding ports 2 and 4. The descriptions of the main polarization (-45-degree polarization) and cross polarization (45-degree polarization) on different planes (E-plane and H-plane) can refer to Figure 11A the relevant descriptions, which will not be elaborated here.

[0177] Figure 11D Fig. is the comparison diagram of the main polarization and cross polarization of antenna element 205-1 at the 60 GHz frequency point and in the planes with phi equal to -45° and phi equal to 45° under the excitation of differential feeding ports 2 and 4. The descriptions of the main polarization (-45-degree polarization) and cross polarization (45-degree polarization) on different planes (E-plane and H-plane) can refer to Figure 11A the relevant descriptions, which will not be elaborated here.

[0178] It can be observed that at the frequency points of 28 GHz, 38 GHz, 50 GHz and 60 GHz of antenna element 205-1, the radiation patterns of the main polarization on both planes (E-plane and H-plane) (for example, when feeding from feeding ports 1 and 3, the main polarization is 45-degree polarization; when feeding from feeding ports 2 and 4, the main polarization is -45-degree polarization) are relatively stable and symmetric, and the cross polarization (the polarization mode perpendicular to the main polarization mode) is low. Antenna element 205-1 has good radiation performance.

[0179] In some embodiments, in order to isolate between resonant frequency bands and increase the isolation degree, a notch structure may be provided on the antenna element 205-1. Schematically, the parasitic metal post 508 may be replaced with a metal plate 509, as Figure 12 shown is a comparison of the cross-sectional views of the parasitic metal post 508 and the metal plate 509 in the xoz plane.

[0180] It should be noted that the cross-section of the metal plate 509 structure in the xoz plane is schematic, and in some other embodiments, it can be adjusted according to the specific shape of the radiation patch.

[0181] In some embodiments, as Figure 13 shown, in order to better obtain the isolation degree between frequency bands, a slot 507 may be opened on the radiation patch. Schematically, the slot 507 is a rectangular slot.

[0182] The simulation results of the antenna element 205-1 provided with the notch structure are as Figure 14 shown, the frequency bands with a reflection coefficient below -10 dB are 22.8 - 33.7 GHz (relative bandwidth is 38.6%) and 36.3 - 45.5 GHz (relative bandwidth is 22.5%). The isolation degree of the antenna element 205-1 within the 20 - 50 GHz frequency band is less than -60 dB.

[0183] Through Figure 15 the gain graph, it can be seen that within the frequency bands of 23 - 33.5 GHz and 36.4 GHz - 45.8 GHz, the gain of the antenna element 205-1 remains at 5 - 6.2 dBi. Within the frequency band of 33.5 - 36.4 GHz, the gain of the antenna element is less than 5 dBi.

[0184] Through Figure 16 the efficiency graph, it can be seen that the radiation efficiency of the antenna element 205-1 within the frequency bands of 21.9 - 34.1 GHz and 37 - 44.7 GHz is greater than 95%.

[0185] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between associated objects and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent the cases of A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after; in a formula, the character " / " represents a "division" relationship between the associated objects before and after. "At least one of the following" or a similar expression refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single items or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c may represent: a, b, c, a - b, a - c, b - c, or a - b - c, where a, b, and c may be single or multiple.

[0186] It can be understood that in the embodiments of this application, the various numerical numbers involved are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application.

[0187] It can be understood that in the embodiments of this application, the magnitudes of the serial numbers of the above processes do not mean the sequence of execution. The execution sequence of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic and should not constitute any limitation to the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0188] In the embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the displayed or discussed coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between each other can be through some interfaces. The indirect coupling or communication connection of the devices or units can be in an electrical or other form.

[0189] As described above, the above is only the specific implementation manner of this application, but the protection scope of this application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application can easily think of changes or substitutions, which should all be covered by the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that, The antenna unit includes a metal floor, a first dielectric layer, a first radiation element, a second dielectric layer, and a second radiation element which are stacked in sequence. The first radiation element includes a first patch and a second patch that form a first dipole, and the second radiation element includes a third patch and a fourth patch that form a second dipole. The end of the first patch is electrically connected to the end of the third patch, and the end of the second patch is electrically connected to the end of the fourth patch. The first patch and the second patch have a first size and a first shape, and the third patch and the fourth patch have a second shape and a second size. Wherein the first shape and the second shape are different, or the first shape and the second shape are the same, and the first size is different from the second size.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal floor further includes two openings respectively for placing a first feeding port and a second feeding port. The first feeding port includes a first conductor and a second conductor, and the second feeding port includes a third conductor and a fourth conductor. The first conductor is electrically connected to the end of the first patch, and the second conductor is electrically connected to the metal floor. The third conductor is electrically connected to the end of the second patch, and the fourth conductor is electrically connected to the metal floor.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The end of the first patch is electrically connected to the end of the third patch, and the end of the second patch is electrically connected to the end of the fourth patch, including: The end of the first patch is electrically connected to the end of the third patch through a first metal via, and the end of the second patch is electrically connected to the end of the fourth patch through a second metal via.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first radiation element generates a first resonance point, and the second radiation element generates a second resonance point, wherein the frequency points corresponding to the first resonance point and the second resonance point are different.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 4, characterized in that, The end of the first patch is electrically connected to the end of the third patch through a first metal via, and the end of the second patch is electrically connected to the end of the fourth patch through a second metal via, including: The position where the first metal via is electrically connected to the first patch is between the feeding end and the end of the first patch, and the position where the second metal via is electrically connected to the second patch is between the feeding end and the end of the second patch.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first radiation element generates a third resonance point, wherein the third resonance point is different from the first resonance point and the second resonance point.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The antenna unit further includes parasitic elements disposed around the second radiation element. The parasitic elements are coupled to the second radiation element, and the parasitic elements include parasitic patches and / or parasitic metal posts whose ends are electrically connected to the metal floor.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 7, characterized in that, The parasitic elements generate a fourth resonance point, wherein the first resonance point, the second resonance point, the third resonance point, and the fourth resonance point are all different.

9. The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first radiation element further includes a third dipole placed orthogonally to the first dipole, wherein the shape and size of the third dipole are the same as those of the first dipole. The second radiation element further includes a fourth dipole placed orthogonally to the second dipole, wherein the shape and size of the fourth dipole are the same as those of the second dipole.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The operating bandwidth of the antenna unit includes the n257, n260, n261, and 60 GHz frequency bands.

11. A wireless transceiver device, characterized in that, The wireless transceiver device includes a radio frequency integrated circuit and the antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the radio frequency integrated circuit is coupled to the antenna unit.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a baseband processor and the wireless transceiver device according to claim 11, and the baseband processor is coupled to the wireless transceiver device.

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