Method and apparatus for manufacturing glass ribbon

Abstract

The glass manufacturing apparatus includes a forming apparatus for defining a travel path extending along a travel direction. The forming apparatus conveys a ribbon of glass forming material along the travel path in the travel direction. The glass manufacturing apparatus includes a cooling tube having a first end and a second end. The cooling tube includes a first tube including a first closed sidewall surrounding a first channel. The first tube receives a first cooling fluid within the first channel. The cooling tube includes a second tube including a second closed sidewall surrounding a second channel. The first tube is positioned within the second tube. The second tube receives a second cooling fluid within the second channel. The cooling tube includes a nozzle. The nozzle receives the first cooling fluid and directs the first cooling fluid toward the travel path. The method includes using the glass manufacturing apparatus to manufacture a glass ribbon.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 019,540, filed on May 4, 2020, upon which this application is based and which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to methods for making glass ribbons, and more particularly to methods for making glass ribbons using glassmaking equipment that includes cooling tubes. Background Art

[0003] For example, glass ribbons are often used in display applications (e.g., liquid crystal displays (LCDs), electrophoretic displays (EPDs), organic light-emitting diode displays (OLEDs), plasma display panels (PDPs), touch sensors, photovoltaics, or the like). Such displays can be incorporated into, for example, mobile phones, tablet computers, portable computers, watches, wearable devices, and / or monitors or displays with touch capabilities. Glass ribbons are typically produced by flowing molten glass to a forming body, from which a glass web can be formed through various ribbon-forming processes (e.g., slot draw, float, downdraw, fusion downdraw, roll, tube draw, or updraw). The glass ribbon can be periodically separated into individual glass ribbons. The thickness of the ribbon of glass-forming material can be controlled before the ribbon cools to form a glass ribbon. However, a method for producing a glass ribbon that can more efficiently and rapidly cool a ribbon of glass-forming material is desired. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following presents a simplified summary of the disclosure in order to provide a basic understanding of some embodiments described in the detailed description.

[0005] In some embodiments, a glassmaking apparatus may include a cooling tube comprising a first tube positioned within a second tube. A first cooling fluid may flow through the first tube and may exit the first tube toward a ribbon of glass-forming material. In some embodiments, a portion of the first cooling fluid may undergo a phase change from a solid or liquid to a gas within the first tube. Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, after exiting the first tube, another portion of the first cooling fluid may undergo a phase change from a solid or liquid to a gas. This phase change may cause a decrease in the temperature of the ribbon of glass-forming material. Because the cooling tube is exposed to elevated temperatures (e.g., in a range of approximately 400 degrees Celsius ("C") to approximately 1000°C), and to confine the phase change to within the first tube and before the first cooling fluid exits the first tube, a second cooling fluid may flow through the second tube. The second cooling fluid may impinge on the first tube. The temperature of the second cooling fluid may be maintained below that of the surrounding environment. In this way, the second cooling fluid may thermally shield the first tube from the surrounding environment and thereby control the location at which the first cooling fluid undergoes the phase change.

[0006] According to some embodiments, the glass manufacturing apparatus may include a forming device for defining a travel path extending along a travel direction. The forming device may convey a strip of glass forming material along the travel path in the travel direction. The glass manufacturing apparatus may include a cooling tube comprising a first end and a second end opposite the first end. The second end may be positioned adjacent to the travel path. The cooling tube may include a first tube comprising a first closed sidewall surrounding a first channel. The first tube may receive a first cooling fluid within the first channel. The cooling tube may include a second tube comprising a second closed sidewall surrounding a second channel. The first tube may be positioned within the second tube such that the second channel may be between the first closed sidewall and the second closed sidewall. The second tube may receive a second cooling fluid within the second channel. The cooling tube may include a nozzle attached to the first tube. The nozzle may include a nozzle cavity, which may be in fluid communication with the first channel. The nozzle may receive the first cooling fluid and direct the first cooling fluid toward the travel path.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first tube can include a first cross-sectional dimension at a first location between the first end and the second end, and a second cross-sectional dimension at a second location adjacent to the second end. The first cross-sectional dimension can be different from the second cross-sectional dimension.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first cross-sectional dimension can be greater than the second cross-sectional dimension.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first tube and the second tube can be coaxial and extend along the longitudinal axis.

[0010] In some embodiments, an axis, which may be orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, may intersect the first closed sidewall and the second closed sidewall.

[0011] In some embodiments, the first closed sidewall can isolate the first channel from the second channel.

[0012] According to some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a glass ribbon may include forming a ribbon of glass-forming material. The method may include moving the ribbon of glass-forming material along a travel path in a travel direction. The method may include delivering a first cooling fluid through a first tube toward a nozzle. The method may include cooling the first tube by delivering a second cooling fluid through a second tube surrounding the first tube so that the second cooling fluid is in convective contact with the first tube. The method may include cooling a region of the ribbon of glass-forming material by directing the first cooling fluid from an end of the first tube and through a nozzle toward the region of the ribbon of glass-forming material.

[0013] In some embodiments, the method can include isolating the first cooling fluid from the second cooling fluid when the second cooling fluid is delivered through the second tube and when the first cooling fluid is directed from an end of the first tube.

[0014] In some embodiments, cooling the first tube may include thermally shielding the first tube from the surrounding environment by absorbing heat from the surrounding environment using the second cooling fluid.

[0015] In some embodiments, the method can include controlling a phase change of the first cooling fluid within the first tube by accelerating the flow of the first cooling fluid within the first portion of the first tube before reaching an end of the first tube.

[0016] In some embodiments, accelerating may include reducing a cross-sectional dimension of the first portion of the first tube relative to a flow direction of the first cooling fluid.

[0017] In some embodiments, accelerating can include enabling a phase change of a portion of the first cooling fluid within the first portion from one or more of a liquid phase or a solid phase to a gas phase.

[0018] In some embodiments, cooling the region may include changing a phase of the first cooling fluid as the first cooling fluid flows toward the region of the ribbon of glass-forming material.

[0019] In some embodiments, the first cooling fluid comprises carbon dioxide.

[0020] According to some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a glass ribbon may include forming a ribbon of glass-forming material. The method may include moving the ribbon of glass-forming material along a travel path in a travel direction. The method may include delivering a first cooling fluid through a first tube toward a nozzle. The method may include controlling a phase change of the first cooling fluid within the first tube by accelerating the flow of the first cooling fluid within a first portion of the first tube before reaching the nozzle. The method may include cooling a region of the ribbon of glass-forming material by directing the first cooling fluid from an end of the first tube and through the nozzle toward the region of the ribbon of glass-forming material.

[0021] In some embodiments, accelerating may include reducing a cross-sectional dimension of the first portion of the first tube relative to a flow direction of the first cooling fluid.

[0022] In some embodiments, accelerating can include enabling a phase change of a portion of the first cooling fluid within the first portion from one or more of a liquid phase or a solid phase to a gas phase.

[0023] In some embodiments, cooling the region may include changing a phase of the first cooling fluid as the first cooling fluid flows toward the region.

[0024] In some embodiments, the first cooling fluid may comprise carbon dioxide.

[0025] In some embodiments, the method may include extracting the first cooling fluid by suction after the first cooling fluid has been directed from the end of the first tube and through the nozzle.

[0026] Additional features and advantages of the embodiments described herein will be disclosed in the detailed description that follows, and those skilled in the art will understand the additional features and advantages in part from the description, or by practicing the embodiments described herein (including the detailed description that follows, the claims, and the accompanying drawings). It should be understood that both the above general description and the following detailed description present embodiments and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and characteristics of the embodiments described herein. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, explain their principles and operation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] These and other features, embodiments, and advantages will become more apparent upon reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0028] Figure 1schematically illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a glass manufacturing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0029] Figure 2 According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, Figure 1 A cross-sectional perspective view of the glass manufacturing equipment along line segment 2-2;

[0030] Figure 3 Illustration of a glassmaking apparatus including one or more cooling devices for cooling a ribbon of glassforming material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure similar to Figure 2 Cross-sectional view of

[0031] Figure 4 The first cooling device according to the embodiment of the present disclosure is shown along Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of line segment 4-4;

[0032] Figure 5 FIG. 1 shows a first cooling device including a first tube and a second tube according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of line segment 5-5;

[0033] Figure 6 FIG. 1 is a diagram similar to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 a cross-sectional view of a first cooling apparatus, wherein one or more coolant particles are emitted from a first tube toward a ribbon of glass-forming material;

[0034] Figure 7 FIGURE 1 illustrates an additional embodiment of a first cooling device comprising a first tube having a non-constant cross-sectional size according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of line segment 5-5;

[0035] Figure 8 FIG. 1 is a diagram similar to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 7 a cross-sectional view of a first cooling apparatus of FIG. 1 , wherein one or more coolant particles are emitted from a first tube toward a ribbon of glass-forming material; and

[0036] Figure 9 FIG. 1 illustrates a first cooling device including a first cooling fluid for cooling a first tube according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of line segment 5-5. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] With reference now to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, embodiments will be described more fully below. Wherever possible, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. However, the present disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments described herein.

[0038] The present disclosure relates to a glass manufacturing apparatus and a method for producing a glass ribbon. The method and apparatus for producing a glass ribbon from a ribbon of glass forming material will now be described by way of exemplary embodiments. Figure 1 As schematically illustrated, in some embodiments, an exemplary glass manufacturing apparatus 100 can include a glass melting and delivery apparatus 102 and a forming apparatus 101, wherein the forming apparatus 101 includes a forming vessel 140 configured to produce a ribbon of glass-forming material 103 from a quantity of molten material 121. In some embodiments, the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 can include a center portion 152 positioned between opposing edge portions (e.g., edge beads) formed along a first outer edge 153 and a second outer edge 155 of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103, wherein the edge portions can have a thickness greater than a thickness of the center portion. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the separated glass ribbon 104 can be separated from the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 along a separation path 151 by a glass separator 149 (e.g., a scribe, a scoring wheel, a diamond tip, a laser, etc.).

[0039] In some embodiments, the glass melting and delivery apparatus 102 can include a melt vessel 105 oriented to receive a batch material 107 from a storage tank 109. The batch material 107 can be introduced via a batch delivery device 111 powered by a motor 113. In some embodiments, an optional controller 115 can be operated to activate the motor 113 to introduce a desired amount of the batch material 107 into the melt vessel 105, as indicated by arrow 117. The melt vessel 105 can heat the batch material 107 to provide a molten material 121. In some embodiments, a melt probe 119 can be used to measure the level of the molten material 121 within a standpipe 123 and transmit the measurement information to the controller 115 via a communication link 125.

[0040] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the glass melting and delivery apparatus 102 can include a first conditioning station including a fining vessel 127, located downstream of the melting vessel 105 and coupled to the melting vessel 105 via a first connecting conduit 129. In some embodiments, the molten material 121 can be gravity-fed from the melting vessel 105 to the fining vessel 127 via the first connecting conduit 129. For example, in some embodiments, gravity can drive the molten material 121 from the melting vessel 105 through an internal path of the first connecting conduit 129 to the fining vessel 127. Furthermore, in some embodiments, bubbles can be removed from the molten material 121 within the fining vessel 127 by various techniques.

[0041] In some embodiments, the glass melting and delivery apparatus 102 can further include a second conditioning station including a mixing chamber 131 that can be located downstream of the fining vessel 127. The mixing chamber 131 can be used to provide a uniform composition of the molten material 121, thereby reducing or eliminating any non-uniformity that may exist in the molten material 121 exiting the fining vessel 127. As shown, the fining vessel 127 can be coupled to the mixing chamber 131 via a second connecting conduit 135. In some embodiments, the molten material 121 can be gravity-fed from the fining vessel 127 to the mixing chamber 131 via the second connecting conduit 135. For example, in some embodiments, gravity can drive the molten material 121 from the fining vessel 127 through the internal path of the second connecting conduit 135 to the mixing chamber 131.

[0042] Additionally, in some embodiments, the glass melting and delivery apparatus 102 can include a third conditioning station, including a delivery chamber 133, which can be located downstream of the mixing chamber 131. In some embodiments, the delivery chamber 133 can condition the molten material 121 fed to the inlet conduit 141. For example, the delivery chamber 133 can act as an accumulator and / or flow controller to adjust and provide a consistent flow of the molten material 121 to the inlet conduit 141. As shown, the mixing chamber 131 can be coupled to the delivery chamber 133 via a third connecting conduit 137. In some embodiments, the molten material 121 can be gravity-fed from the mixing chamber 131 to the delivery chamber 133 via the third connecting conduit 137. For example, in some embodiments, gravity can drive the molten material 121 from the mixing chamber 131 through the internal path of the third connecting conduit 137 to the delivery chamber 133. As further illustrated, in some embodiments, the delivery line 139 can be positioned to deliver the molten material 121 to the forming apparatus 101 (eg, the inlet conduit 141 of the forming vessel 140 ).

[0043] The forming apparatus 101 can include various embodiments of forming vessels according to features of the present disclosure (e.g., a forming vessel having a wedge for fusion-stretching a glass ribbon, a forming vessel having a slot for slot-stretching a glass ribbon, or a forming vessel configured with rollers for pressing a glass ribbon from the forming vessel). In some embodiments, the forming apparatus 101 can include sheet redrawing (e.g., utilizing the forming apparatus 101 as part of a redrawing process). For example, a glass ribbon 104 (which can have a first thickness) can be heated and redrawn to produce a thinner glass ribbon 104 having a smaller second thickness. By way of illustration, a forming vessel 140, shown and described below, can be provided to fusion-draw molten material 121 from a bottom edge (defined as a root 145) of a forming wedge 209 to produce a ribbon of glass-forming material 103. For example, in some embodiments, the molten material 121 can be delivered to the forming vessel 140 from an inlet conduit 141. The molten material 121 can then be formed into a ribbon of glass-forming material 103, depending in part on the configuration of the forming vessel 140. For example, as shown, molten material 121 can be drawn from a bottom edge (e.g., root 145) of forming vessel 140 along a travel path that extends in a draw direction 154 of glassmaking apparatus 100. In some embodiments, edge directors 163, 164 can direct molten material 121 away from forming vessel 140, and the glass portion defines a width "W" of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. In some embodiments, the width "W" of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 extends between a first outer edge 153 of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 and a second outer edge 155 of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103.

[0044] In some embodiments, the width "W" of the strip of glass-forming material 103 extending between the first outer edge 153 of the strip of glass-forming material 103 and the second outer edge 155 of the strip of glass-forming material 103 can be greater than or equal to about 20 millimeters (mm) (e.g., greater than or equal to about 50 mm, such as greater than or equal to about 100 mm, such as greater than or equal to about 500 mm, such as greater than or equal to about 1000 mm, such as greater than or equal to about 2000 mm, such as greater than or equal to about 3000 mm, such as greater than or equal to about 4000 mm), although other widths less than or greater than the widths recited above can be provided in further embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the width "W" of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 can range from about 20 mm to about 4000 mm (e.g., about 50 mm to about 4000 mm, such as about 200 mm to about 4000 mm, such as about 100 mm to about 4000 mm, such as about 500 mm to about 4000 mm, such as about 1000 mm to about 4000 mm, such as about 2000 mm to about 4000 mm, such as about 3000 mm to about 4000 mm, such as about 20 mm to about 3000 mm, such as about 50 mm to about 3000 mm, such as about 100 mm to about 3000 mm, such as about 500 mm to about 3000 mm, such as about 1000 mm to about 3000 mm, such as about 2000 mm to about 3000 mm, such as about 2000 mm to about 2500 mm, and all ranges and sub-ranges therebetween).

[0045] Figure 2 The diagram follows Figure 1 2-2 of the forming apparatus 101 (e.g., forming vessel 140). In some embodiments, the forming vessel 140 may include a groove 201 oriented to receive the molten material 121 from the inlet conduit 141. For illustrative purposes and for clarity, Figure 2 Remove the hatching of the molten material 121. The forming vessel 140 may further include a forming wedge 209 including opposite ends 210, 211 extending from the forming wedge 209 (see Figure 1). The pair of downwardly inclined converging surface portions 207, 208 forming the wedge 209 can converge along the travel direction 154 and intersect along the root 145 forming the vessel 140. A stretching plane 213 of the glassmaking apparatus 100 can extend through the root 145 along the travel direction 154. In some embodiments, the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 can be stretched in the travel direction 154 along the stretching plane 213. As shown, the stretching plane 213 can bisect the forming wedge 209 through the root 145, but in some embodiments, the stretching plane 213 can extend in other orientations relative to the root 145. In some embodiments, the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 can move along a travel path 221, which can be coplanar with the stretching plane 213 along the travel direction 154.

[0046] Furthermore, in some embodiments, molten material 121 can flow into channel 201 forming vessel 140 along direction 156. Molten material 121 can then flow from channel 201 over respective weirs 203, 204 and downward over outer surfaces 205, 206 of respective weirs 203, 204. Respective streams of molten material 121 can then flow along downwardly inclined converging surface portions 207, 208 of forming wedge 209 and be drawn out of root 145 forming vessel 140, where the flows converge and fuse into a ribbon of glass-forming material 103. The ribbon of glass-forming material 103 can then be stretched along direction of travel 154. In some embodiments, the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 can comprise one or more material states depending on the vertical position of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. For example, at a first position, the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 may comprise viscous molten material 121 , while at a second position, the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 may comprise a glassy, amorphous solid (eg, a glass ribbon).

[0047] The ribbon of glass-forming material 103 includes a first major surface 215 and a second major surface 216 that face in opposite directions and define a thickness "T" (e.g., an average thickness) of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 therebetween. In some embodiments, the thickness "T" of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 may be less than or equal to about 2 millimeters (mm), less than or equal to about 1 mm, less than or equal to about 0.5 mm, less than or equal to about 300 micrometers (μm), less than or equal to about 200 μm, or less than or equal to about 100 μm, although other thicknesses may be provided in further embodiments. For example, in some embodiments, the thickness "T" of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 may be in a range from about 20 microns to about 200 microns, from about 50 microns to about 750 microns, from about 100 microns to about 700 microns, from about 200 microns to about 600 microns, from about 300 microns to about 500 microns, from about 50 microns to about 500 microns, from about 50 microns to about 700 microns, from about 50 microns to about 600 microns, from about 50 microns to about 500 microns, from about 50 microns to about 400 microns, from about 50 microns to about 300 microns, from about 50 microns to about 200 microns, from about 50 microns to about 100 microns, from about 25 microns to about 125 microns, and all ranges and sub-ranges of thicknesses included therein. Furthermore, the ribbon of glass forming material 103 may comprise a variety of compositions (eg, borosilicate glass, aluminoborosilicate glass, alkali-containing or alkali-free glass, alkali aluminosilicate glass, alkaline earth aluminosilicate glass, soda-lime glass, etc.).

[0048] In some embodiments, the glass separator 149 (see Figure 1 ) can separate the glass ribbon 104 from the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 along a separation path 151 to provide a plurality of separated glass ribbons 104 (i.e., a plurality of glass sheets). According to other embodiments, a longer portion of the glass ribbon 104 can be wound onto a storage roll. The separated glass ribbon can then be processed into a desired application (e.g., a display application). For example, the separated glass ribbon can be used in various display applications, including liquid crystal displays (LCDs), electrophoretic displays (EPDs), organic light-emitting diode displays (OLEDs), plasma display panels (PDPs), touch sensors, photovoltaics, and other electronic displays.

[0049] Figure 3 The diagram is similar to Figure 21 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the glass manufacturing apparatus 100. In some embodiments, the glass manufacturing apparatus 100 is not limited to including the forming wedge 209. Rather, in some embodiments, although not shown, the forming vessel 140 may include a forming vessel 140 oriented to receive a flow of liquid from an inlet conduit 141 (e.g., Figure 1 The inlet conduit 141 (shown) is a conduit for receiving the molten material 121. In some embodiments, the conduit may include a slot through which the molten material 121 can flow. For example, the slot may include an elongated slot at the top of the conduit extending along the axis of the conduit. In some embodiments, the first wall may be attached to the conduit at a first peripheral location, while the second wall may be attached to the conduit at a second peripheral location. The first and second walls may include a pair of downwardly sloping converging surface portions. The first and second walls may also at least partially define a hollow region within the container. In some embodiments, the thickness of the conduit wall, including the conduit, the first wall, and / or the second wall, may range from approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 10 mm, approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 7 mm, approximately 0.5 mm to approximately 3 mm, approximately 1 mm to approximately 10 mm, approximately 1 mm to approximately 7 mm, approximately 3 mm to approximately 10 mm, approximately 3 mm to approximately 7 mm, or any range or sub-range therebetween. Thicknesses within these ranges may result in reduced overall material costs compared to embodiments including thicker walls.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, glassmaking apparatus 100 can include one or more cooling devices 301 for cooling a region of a ribbon of glass-forming material 103. For example, in some embodiments, one or more cooling devices 301 can include a first cooling device 303, a second cooling device 305, and so on. First cooling device 303 can be positioned on a first side of stretch plane 213, while second cooling device 305 can be positioned on a second side of stretch plane 213. Thus, stretch plane 213 (e.g., and the ribbon of glass-forming material 103) can extend between first cooling device 303 and second cooling device 305. Although two cooling devices are shown, one or more cooling devices 301 can include additional cooling devices (e.g., cooling devices located upstream or downstream of first cooling device 303 and / or second cooling device 305 relative to direction of travel 154). In some embodiments, first cooling device 303 and second cooling device 305 can be substantially identical. Thus, the structure and functionality of first cooling device 303 described herein can be applied to second cooling device 305 and other cooling devices.

[0051] Referring to the first cooling device 303, the first cooling device 303 may include a cooling tube 307. The cooling tube 307 may include a first end 319 and a second end 321, wherein the second end 321 may be opposite the first end 319. In some embodiments, the second end 321 may be positioned adjacent to the travel path 221. For example, by being positioned adjacent to the travel path 221, the second end 321 may be closer to the travel path 221 than the first end 319, thereby allowing the first cooling device 303 to emit a cooling fluid (e.g., coolant particles 315 undergoing a phase change to a gas 322) toward the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 to cool a region 325 of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. For example, when the second end 321 is adjacent to the travel path 221, the coolant particles 315 may be emitted from the second end 321, and the coolant particles 315 may undergo a phase change (e.g., from a solid or liquid) to a gas 322 due to the increased temperature near the travel path 221. The phase change can cool region 325. In some embodiments, cooling tube 307 can be in fluid communication with coolant source 309, such that cooling tube 307 can receive cooling fluid from coolant source 309. For example, coolant source 309 can include a pump, a tank, a cylinder, a boiler, a compressor, and / or a pressure vessel. In some embodiments, coolant source 309 can store cooling fluid in one or more of a gas phase, a liquid phase, or a solid phase.

[0052] In some embodiments, cooling tube 307 may include a nozzle 311. Nozzle 311 may be attached to and / or in fluid communication with second end 321. Nozzle 311 may receive cooling fluid from second end 321, whereupon the cooling fluid may exit outlet 313 of nozzle 311. In some embodiments, the cooling fluid may exit outlet 313 and may flow along central axis 317 in a flow direction 323 toward stretching plane 213 (e.g., and the ribbon of glass-forming material 103). Central axis 317 may intersect nozzle 311 and travel path 221. For example, in some embodiments, central axis 317 may be substantially perpendicular to travel path 221. However, in some embodiments, central axis 317 may not be perpendicular to travel path 221 and may form an angle greater than or less than 90 degrees relative to travel path 221. In some embodiments, as the cooling fluid exits outlet 313, the cooling fluid may include one or more coolant particles 315. In some embodiments, the one or more coolant particles 315 can include liquid and / or solid particles. After the cooling fluid has exited the outlet 313, and as the one or more coolant particles 315 travel along the central axis 317 in the flow direction 323, the one or more coolant particles 315 can undergo a phase change (e.g., into a gas 322). In some embodiments, the first cooling device 303 can reduce the temperature of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 at the region 325, while the second cooling device 305 can reduce the temperature of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 at the region 327.

[0053] In some embodiments, a method of making a glass ribbon may include forming a ribbon of glass-forming material 103 and moving the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 along a travel path 221 in a travel direction 154. For example, the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 may be formed by overflowing molten material 121 from channel 201, over weirs 203, 204, and downwardly over outer surfaces 205, 206 (e.g., as shown in FIG. Figure 1 221 ). In some embodiments, the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 may move downwardly along travel path 221 in travel direction 154. As the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 moves along travel path 221, the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 may move past first cooling apparatus 303 and second cooling apparatus 305. First cooling apparatus 303 and second cooling apparatus 305 may be adjacent to the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 such that one or more portions of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 may be cooled by first cooling apparatus 303 and / or second cooling apparatus 305 as the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 moves in travel direction 154.

[0054] Figure 4 The diagram follows Figure 3 4 is a cross-sectional view of the cooling pipe 307 of the first cooling device 303 along line segment 4-4. Figure 5 The diagram follows Figure 4 The cross-sectional view of the cooling pipe 307 of the first cooling device 303 along the line 5-5 is shown. Figures 4 to 5 The cooling tube 307 may include a first tube 401. The first tube 401 may include a first closed sidewall 403 surrounding a first channel 405. In some embodiments, the first tube 401 may receive a first cooling fluid 407 (e.g., from a first cooling fluid) within the first channel 405. Figure 3 By being closed, the first closed sidewall 403 can be free of openings, apertures, gaps, vents, or the like that can prevent the first cooling fluid 407 from exiting the first channel 405 by passing through the first closed sidewall 403. In some embodiments, the first closed sidewall 403 can define a hollow interior that can form the first channel 405.

[0055] The first tube 401 may extend between a first end 411 and a second end 413. The first end 411 may be Figure 3 The coolant source 309 is attached, and / or with Figure 3 4. The first tube 401 may be fluidly connected to the coolant source 309. The second end 413 (which may be located at an opposite end of the first tube 401 from the first end 411) may be positioned adjacent to and facing the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. Thus, the first tube 401 may include an inlet 417 at the first end 411 and an outlet 419 at the second end 413. The first tube 401 may receive the first cooling fluid 407 within the first channel 405 via the inlet 417 at the first end 411. The first cooling fluid 407 may exit the first tube 401 from the first channel 405 via the outlet 419 at the second end 413. In some embodiments, the first tube 401 may include a thermally conductive material (e.g., one or more of stainless steel, a nickel alloy, a titanium alloy, a molybdenum alloy, a tungsten alloy, or a cobalt alloy). For example, the thermal conductivity of stainless steel may be approximately The thermal conductivity of nickel alloys can be about The thermal conductivity of titanium alloys can range from about Arrive at the appointment The thermal conductivity of molybdenum alloy can be The thermal conductivity of tungsten alloy can be The thermal conductivity of cobalt alloy can be In some embodiments, because the first tube 401 comprises a metallic material, the first tube 401 can be thermally conductive and, therefore, can efficiently conduct heat. In some embodiments, the first tube 401 can comprise a substantially constant cross-sectional dimension between the first end 411 and the second end 413. The cross-sectional dimension of the first tube 401 can be measured along an axis perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 415 along which the first tube 401 extends, between the inner surface of the first closed sidewall 403. For example, the first tube 401 can comprise a circular cross-sectional shape, such that the first tube 401 can comprise a substantially constant diameter between the first end 411 and the second end 413. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional dimension (e.g., diameter) across the inner surface of the first tube 401 can range from approximately 0.05 mm to approximately 2 mm, or from approximately 0.25 mm to approximately 0.75 mm. The cross-sectional dimensions of the first tube 401 can be selected to achieve a pressure drop between the first end 411 and the second end 413, wherein the pressure drop can help maintain the phase (e.g., liquid or solid) of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first tube 401. However, the first tube 401 is not limited to a constant cross-sectional dimension, and relative to Figures 7 to 8 As shown and described, in some embodiments, the first tube 401 can include a non-constant cross-sectional dimension.

[0056] In some embodiments, the cooling tube 307 may include a second tube 431. The second tube 431 may include a second closed sidewall 433 surrounding a second channel 435. The first tube 401 may be positioned within the second tube 431 such that the second channel 435 may be between the first closed sidewall 403 and the second closed sidewall 433. For example, by being positioned therein, the first tube 401 may be received within the second tube 431 such that the cross-sectional dimension (e.g., diameter) of the second tube 431 may be larger than the cross-sectional dimension (e.g., diameter) of the first tube 401. In some embodiments, the first tube 401 and the second tube 431 may be coaxial and may extend along the longitudinal axis 415. In some embodiments, an axis 437, which is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis 415, may intersect the first closed sidewall 403 and the second closed sidewall 433. For example, starting at the longitudinal axis 415 , the axis 437 can first pass through the first channel 405 , then through the first closed side wall 403 , then through the second channel 435 (e.g., located between the first closed side wall 403 and the second closed side wall 433 ), and then through the second closed side wall 433 .

[0057] In some embodiments, the second tube 431 can receive the second cooling fluid 441 within the second channel 435, so that the second cooling fluid 441 can flow within the second channel 435 between the first closed sidewall 403 and the second closed sidewall 433. For example, the second channel 435 can be hollow and devoid of other structures, such that a space (e.g., the second channel 435) can be located between the first tube 401 and the second tube 431. By being closed, the second closed sidewall 433 can lack openings, orifices, gaps, vents, or the like, which can prevent the second cooling fluid 441 from exiting the second channel 435 by passing through the second closed sidewall 433. If the first closed sidewall 403 also lacks openings, the second cooling fluid 441 can remain within the second channel 435 and can avoid passing through the first closed sidewall 403. The second tube 431 can extend between a first end 445 and a second end 447. In some embodiments, the second end 447 (which may be located at an opposite end of the second tube 431 from the first end 445) may be positioned adjacent to the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. In some embodiments, the second tube 431 may include an inlet 451 and an outlet 455. The inlet 451 may include an opening for an input 457 of a second cooling fluid 441, such that the second cooling fluid 441 may enter the second channel 435 by flowing through the inlet 451. The outlet 455 may include an opening for an output 459 of the second cooling fluid 441, such that the second cooling fluid 441 may exit the second channel 435 by flowing through the outlet 455. In some embodiments, the inlet 451 may be positioned adjacent to the second end 447 of the second tube 431, and the outlet 455 may be positioned adjacent to the first end 445 of the second tube 431. For example, in some embodiments, the second tube 431 may be positioned within the refractory material 461, such that the refractory material 461 may surround the second tube 431. In some embodiments, the refractory material 461 may not surround the nozzle 311 (e.g., Figure 4), but in some embodiments, the refractory material 461 can surround the nozzle 311. When the refractory material 461 surrounds the nozzle 311, the input 457 can allow the second cooling fluid 441 to cool the walls of the nozzle 311. In some embodiments, the inlet 451 can be in fluid communication with an opening in the refractory material 461, such that the input 457 of the second cooling fluid 441 can flow through the opening in the refractory material 461 and through the inlet 451. After flowing through the second channel 435, the second cooling fluid 441 can exit the second channel 435 by exiting from the outlet 455. In some embodiments, a second opening can be formed in the refractory material 461, wherein the second opening can be in fluid communication with the outlet 455. Thus, the output 459 of the second cooling fluid 441 can flow through the outlet 455 and through the second opening in the refractory material 461. In some embodiments, the second cooling fluid 441 can flow in the same direction or in an opposite direction (e.g., as shown in FIG. 2 ) relative to the first cooling fluid 407. Figure 5 shown) flow.

[0058] In some embodiments, the second tube 431 can include a substantially constant cross-sectional dimension between the first end 445 and the second end 447. The cross-sectional dimension of the second tube 431 can be measured along an axis 437 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 415, between the inner surface of the second closed sidewall 433. For example, the second tube 431 can include a circular cross-sectional shape, such that the second tube 431 can include a substantially constant diameter between the first end 445 and the second end 447. However, the second tube 431 is not limited thereto, and in some embodiments, the second tube 431 can include a non-constant cross-sectional dimension. The cross-sectional dimension of the second tube 431 can be greater than the cross-sectional dimension of the first tube 401, such that the first tube 401 can be received within the second tube 431.

[0059] In some embodiments, the cooling tube 307 may include a nozzle 311 attached to the first tube 401. For example, in some embodiments, the nozzle 311 may be attached to the second end 413 of the first closed side wall 403. In some embodiments, by being attached to the first tube 401, the nozzle 311 may be formed as a single piece with the first closed side wall 403. In some embodiments, the nozzle 311 may be attached to the first closed side wall 403, rather than being formed as a single piece. For example, one or more mechanical fasteners may attach the nozzle 311 to the first closed side wall 403. The mechanical fasteners may include, for example, adhesives, locking structures (e.g., male and female threaded engagements), welding attachments, etc., to prevent the nozzle 311 from unexpectedly detaching from the first closed side wall 403 during operation. The refractory material 461 may not surround the nozzle 311, or may surround some or all of the nozzles 311. For example, in some embodiments, the refractory material 461 may surround some or all of the nozzles 311 , while in other embodiments, the refractory material 461 may not surround the nozzles 311 .

[0060] The nozzle 311 can include a nozzle cavity 467 that can be in fluid communication with the first channel 405. For example, through the fluid communication, the nozzle 311 can receive the first cooling fluid 407 (e.g., within the nozzle cavity 467) and direct the first cooling fluid 407 toward the travel path 221. In some embodiments, the nozzle cavity 467 can be substantially hollow and can form a chamber into which the first cooling fluid 407 enters after the first cooling fluid 407 exits the second end 413 of the first closed sidewall 403. The nozzle 311 can include several different shapes (e.g., a conical shape, a shape including a portion greater than the height (e.g., along the Figure 1 The width of the direction of travel 154 shown (e.g., along Figure 1 An elongated conical shape having a width W direction as shown, etc.

[0061] In some embodiments, the nozzle 311 can include a diffuser. In some embodiments, the diffuser can include a wall defining an opening through which a fluid can pass. The wall opening can include a cross-sectional dimension that increases relative to the direction of flow of the fluid, such that the velocity of the fluid can be reduced within the diffuser. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the diffuser can reduce (e.g., lower) the velocity of the first cooling fluid 407 in the nozzle 311, which can inhibit (e.g., reduce, diminish, eliminate) the chance of the first cooling fluid 407 contacting the surface of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. Additionally, without wishing to be bound by theory, when the first cooling fluid 407 includes a negative Joule Thomson coefficient, the diffuser can reduce the temperature of the first cooling fluid 407 flowing through the diffuser. In some embodiments, an atomizer can be positioned between the coolant source 309 and the nozzle 311 to generate particles (e.g., liquid droplets, solid particles).

[0062] In some embodiments, the nozzle 311 may comprise a boiling nozzle. In some embodiments, the boiling nozzle may comprise an inlet section that converges (e.g., decreases in cross-sectional dimension) relative to the direction of fluid flow, and an outlet section that subsequently diverges (e.g., increases in cross-sectional dimension) relative to the direction of fluid flow. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the boiling nozzle may use the kinetic energy (e.g., acceleration) of the first cooling fluid 407 to generate particles (e.g., liquid droplets, solid particles) to separate the first cooling fluid 407 into particles. In some embodiments, when accelerated by the boiling nozzle, a portion of the first cooling fluid 407 may undergo a phase transition to a gas (e.g., "boiling"). In some embodiments, as the first cooling fluid 407 thins during acceleration in the nozzle 311, portions of the first cooling fluid 407 may separate from each other based on the surface tension of the first cooling fluid 407.

[0063] In some embodiments, the nozzle 311 may comprise a shear nozzle. In some embodiments, the shear nozzle may comprise a surface that forms a spiral upon which the fluid may impinge, which may separate the fluid into particles. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the shear nozzle may produce particles (e.g., liquid droplets, solid particles) from the first cooling fluid 407. In some embodiments, the shear nozzle may induce a rotational fluid motion that may cause the first cooling fluid 407 to separate into particles based on shear forces introduced therein. In further embodiments, the shear nozzle may form particles (e.g., liquid droplets, solid particles) by combining the first cooling fluid 407 with another fluid (e.g., a gas). In further embodiments, the first cooling fluid 407 may be confined by another fluid within the shear nozzle. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the shear between the first cooling fluid 407 and the other fluid may produce particles of the coolant.

[0064] Reference Figure 6 In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a glass ribbon may include delivering a first cooling fluid 407 through a first tube 401 toward a nozzle 311. For example, the first cooling fluid 407 may be delivered through a coolant source 309 (e.g., Figure 3 413 ). The coolant source 309 can deliver a first cooling fluid 407 into the first channel 405 via an inlet 417 at the first end 411. The first cooling fluid 407 can flow from the first end 411 toward the second end 413 along a flow direction 601. After reaching the second end 413, the first cooling fluid 407 can exit the first channel 405 via an outlet 419 and can enter the nozzle 311 by being received within the nozzle cavity 467. In some embodiments, the first cooling fluid 407 can undergo a phase change within the first tube 401. For example, the first cooling fluid 407 can comprise a liquid that can be injected into the first tube 401 from the coolant source 309. The first cooling fluid 407 can undergo a pressure drop within the first tube 401, causing the first cooling fluid 407 to undergo a phase change from liquid to gas, such that the region within the first tube 401 can comprise a mixture of liquid particles and gas. As the pressure continues to decrease along the first tube 401, the liquid can undergo a phase change to a solid.

[0065] In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a glass ribbon may include cooling a first tube 401 by passing a second cooling fluid 441 through a second tube 431 surrounding the first tube 401, such that the second cooling fluid 441 is in convective contact with the first tube 401. For example, the second cooling fluid 441 may be passed to the second tube 431 through an inlet 451. The second cooling fluid 441 may pass through a second channel 435 to an outlet 455, whereupon the second cooling fluid 441 may exit the second channel 435. In some embodiments, the second cooling fluid 441 may pass along a flow direction 601 (in the same direction as the first cooling fluid 407 passes through the first tube 401). In some embodiments, the second cooling fluid 441 may pass opposite to the flow direction 601 (in a direction opposite to the direction of the first cooling fluid 407 passes through the first tube 401). In some embodiments, the second cooling fluid 441 may comprise a gas (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, etc.) and / or a liquid (e.g., liquid carbon dioxide, liquid nitrogen, etc.). Since the second channel 435 surrounds the first tube 401 , the second cooling fluid 441 may surround the first closed sidewall 403 .

[0066] In some embodiments, cooling the first tube 401 by passing the second cooling fluid 441 through the second tube 431 can include thermally shielding the first tube 401 from the ambient environment 603 by absorbing heat from the ambient environment 603 using the second cooling fluid 441. By thermally shielding the first tube 401 from the ambient environment 603, the second cooling fluid 441 can absorb heat from the ambient environment 603, which can cause a first temperature increase in the second cooling fluid 441 and a second temperature increase in the first cooling fluid 407. However, because the second cooling fluid 441 surrounds the first tube 401, the first temperature increase can be greater than the second temperature increase, reducing the effect of the elevated temperature of the ambient environment 603 on the first cooling fluid 407. For example, because the path between the ambient environment 603 and the first tube 401 passes through the second channel 435, the first tube 401 can be thermally shielded from the ambient environment 603. In some embodiments, the ambient environment 603 can be at an elevated temperature relative to the first cooling fluid 407. Exposing the first cooling fluid 407 to an elevated temperature may cause a phase change of the first cooling fluid 407 from solid or liquid particles to a gas within the first channel 405. Due to this phase change, a reduced amount of the first cooling fluid 407 (e.g., in gaseous form) may reach the first end 411 of the first tube 401, thereby limiting the cooling capacity of the first cooling fluid 407. Consequently, the second cooling fluid 441 may thermally shield the first tube 401, and therefore the first cooling fluid 407, from the elevated temperature of the surrounding environment 603. For example, as the second cooling fluid 441 flows through the second channel 435, the second cooling fluid 441 may absorb a portion of the heat from the surrounding environment 603.

[0067] In some embodiments, the first closed sidewall 403 can isolate the first channel 405 from the second channel 435. For example, the first closed sidewall 403 can be free of openings, apertures, gaps, vents, or the like that can prevent the first cooling fluid 407 from passing through the first closed sidewall 403 from the first channel 405 to the second channel 435. Similarly, the second cooling fluid 441 can be prevented from passing through the first closed sidewall 403 from the second channel 435 to the first channel 405. As such, the method can include isolating the first cooling fluid 407 (e.g., by maintaining the first cooling fluid 407 within the first channel 405) from the second cooling fluid 441 (e.g., by maintaining the second cooling fluid 441 within the second channel 435) when delivering the second cooling fluid 441 through the second tube 431 and when directing the first cooling fluid 407 from an end (e.g., the second end 413) of the first tube 401.

[0068] In some embodiments, a method may include cooling a region 325 (e.g., the ribbon of glass-forming material 103) by directing a first cooling fluid 407 from the second end 413 of the first tube 401 through the nozzle 311 toward the region 325 of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. For example, the first cooling fluid 407 (which may include one or more coolant particles 315 in one or more of a liquid phase, a solid phase, or a gas phase) may exit the outlet 419 of the first tube 401 at the second end 413 and may pass through the nozzle cavity 467 of the nozzle 311. In some embodiments, cooling the region 325 may include changing the phase of the first cooling fluid 407 as it flows toward the region 325 of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. For example, the one or more coolant particles 315 exiting the nozzle 311 may travel along the flow direction 601 toward the travel path 221. In some embodiments, as the first cooling fluid 407 travels along the flow direction 601, a portion of the first cooling fluid 407 can undergo a phase change and can evaporate. For example, the ambient temperature between the nozzle 311 and the region 325 of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 can be high (e.g., in a range of about 400° C. to about 1000° C.) and greater than the boiling point of the coolant particles 315, causing at least some of the one or more coolant particles 315 to evaporate by undergoing a phase change from a liquid or solid phase to a gas phase, such that the one or more coolant particles 315 can transform into a gas 322. In some embodiments, the phase change (e.g., evaporation of the one or more coolant particles 315 to form the gas 322) can occur after the first cooling fluid 407 is discharged from the nozzle 311 but before the one or more coolant particles 315 reach the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. However, in some embodiments, the ambient temperature may be higher than the boiling point of the first cooling fluid 407, so that the first cooling fluid 407 may be at risk of undergoing a phase change within the first tube 401 and before being discharged from the nozzle 311. For example, in some embodiments, the first cooling fluid 407 may include carbon dioxide, water, liquid nitrogen, etc.

[0069] In some embodiments, the portion of the first cooling fluid 407 that undergoes a phase change and vaporizes before reaching the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 may include all of the first cooling fluid 407, such that none of the one or more coolant particles 315 reach the travel path 221 to contact the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. In some embodiments, the portion of the first cooling fluid 407 that undergoes a phase change and vaporizes before reaching the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 may include some (e.g., less than all) of the first cooling fluid 407, such that some of the one or more coolant particles 315 reach the travel path 221 to contact the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. However, the amount of the one or more coolant particles 315 that contact the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 (e.g., without being converted into gas 322) may be small without affecting the quality of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. Vaporizing the one or more coolant particles 315 into gas 322 can produce a variety of benefits. For example, a reduction in the temperature of the air may be achieved when one or more coolant particles 315 undergo a phase change and evaporate to form gas 322. For example, the temperature of the air adjacent to the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 may be reduced, which may cause the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 adjacent to nozzle 311 to cool. Furthermore, by forming gas 322, some or none of coolant particles 315 may contact the ribbon of glass-forming material 103, thereby reducing the likelihood of material accumulation on the surface of the ribbon of glass-forming material 103.

[0070] In some embodiments, a method may include controlling a phase change of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first tube 401 by accelerating the flow of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first portion 619 of the first tube 401 before reaching the second end 413 (e.g., before reaching the nozzle 311). For example, in some embodiments, accelerating the flow of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first portion 619 can reduce the time the first cooling fluid 407 spends within the first portion 619 compared to embodiments in which the flow of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first portion 619 is not accelerated. In some embodiments, the first tube 401 may include a first portion 619 and a second portion 621. The second portion 621 may be located between the first end 411 of the first tube 401 and the first portion 619. The first portion 619 may be located between the second end 413 and the second portion 621. Therefore, the distance separating the second end 413 from the first portion 619 may be smaller than the distance separating the second end 413 from the second portion 621. The first cooling fluid 407 may include one or more coolant particles 623 flowing within the first channel 405. The one or more coolant particles 623 may include liquid particles, solid particles, and / or gas particles. In some embodiments, when the one or more coolant particles 623 undergo a phase change from liquid particles to gas particles or from solid particles to gas particles, a change in density may occur, which may cause the one or more coolant particles 623 to accelerate.

[0071] In some embodiments, accelerating the flow of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first portion 619 of the first tube 401 can include causing a phase change of a portion of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first portion 619 from one or more of a liquid or solid phase to a vapor phase. For example, in some embodiments, the temperature of the first portion 619 of the first tube 401 can be greater than the temperature of the second portion 621. This temperature change can be due in part to a higher temperature near the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 than near the first end 411 of the first tube 401. Due to the higher temperature near the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 (e.g., near the second end 413), a portion of the one or more coolant particles 623 within the first portion 619 and closer to the second end 413 than the first end 411 can undergo a phase change (e.g., from a solid or liquid phase to a vapor phase), thereby causing acceleration within the first portion 619. This phase change of a portion of the first cooling fluid 407 can be achieved in several ways. For example, in some embodiments, the temperature of the second cooling fluid 441 entering the inlet 451 can be selected so that a portion of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first portion 619 can undergo a phase change, thereby accelerating the flow of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first portion 619. In some embodiments, to enable the phase change, the thickness of the first closed sidewall 403 at the first portion 619 can be different from that at the second portion 621, thereby allowing a larger amount of the first cooling fluid 407 to undergo a phase change within the first portion 619. In further embodiments, to enable the phase change, the second tube 431 at the first portion 619 can include a different thickness from that at the second portion 621, thereby achieving different cooling capacities of the first tube 401 and thereby allowing a portion of the first cooling fluid 407 to undergo a phase change.

[0072] In some embodiments, the method may include extracting the first cooling fluid 407 by suction after the first cooling fluid 407 has been directed from the end of the first tube 401 and through the nozzle 311. For example, in some embodiments, the first cooling device 303 may include a suction nozzle 651 positioned adjacent to the nozzle 311. The suction nozzle 651 may define an opening into which fluid may be drawn (e.g., as illustrated by arrow 653) into the suction nozzle 651. In some embodiments, the suction nozzle 651 may remove air from the environment 603 near the region 325 and near the nozzle 311. By removing air, the suction nozzle 651 may reduce the pressure in the environment 603 near the nozzle 311, which may cause the gas 322 and one or more coolant particles 315 to be drawn into the suction nozzle 651 along a path (e.g., as illustrated by arrow 653). Although Figure 6While one suction nozzle 651 is shown, in some embodiments, multiple suction nozzles 651 may be positioned near the nozzle 311. The suction nozzle 651 may provide several benefits. For example, due to the phase change of the first cooling fluid 407 after exiting the nozzle 311, the density of the environment 603 may change. This density change may affect the pressure within the environment 603, which may have undesirable effects on the ribbon of glass-forming material 103. To mitigate any undesirable effects, the suction nozzle 651 may draw in the gas 322 and one or more coolant particles 315.

[0073] Reference Figures 7 to 8 , illustrating an additional embodiment of the first cooling device 701. Figures 7 to 8 The first cooling device 701 shown may be similar to Figures 3 to 6 The first cooling device 303 is shown. For example, referring to Figure 7 The first cooling device 701 may include a cooling tube 307, which includes a first tube 401 and a second tube 431 surrounded by a refractory material 461. In some embodiments, the first tube 401 may include a non-constant cross-sectional dimension between a first end 411 and a second end 413, where the non-constant cross-sectional dimension is measured between the inner surfaces of the first tube 401. For example, the first tube 401 may include a first cross-sectional dimension 703 at a first location 705 between the first end 411 and the second end 413, and a second cross-sectional dimension 707 at a second location 709 adjacent to the second end 413. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional dimension may include the maximum distance separating the inner surfaces of the first tube 401 along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 415. For example, when the first tube 401 includes a circular cross-sectional shape, the first cross-sectional dimension 703 and the second cross-sectional dimension 707 may include the diameter of the first tube 401 (e.g., a linear distance). In some embodiments, the cross-sectional dimension may include the area of the first tube 401 along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 415.

[0074] The first location 705 can be located within the second portion 621 of the first tube 401 at a location between the first end 411 and the first portion 619. The second location 709 can be located within the first portion 619 of the first tube 401 at a location between the second end 413 and the second portion 621. In some embodiments, the first cross-sectional dimension 703 (e.g., at the first location 705) can be different from the second cross-sectional dimension 707 (e.g., at the second location 709), for example, where the first cross-sectional dimension 703 can be greater than the second cross-sectional dimension 707. For example, the first tube 401 can include a decreasing cross-sectional dimension, where the cross-sectional dimension of the first tube 401 at the first end 411 can be greater than the cross-sectional dimension of the first tube 401 at the second end 413. A non-constant cross-sectional dimension can be achieved in several ways. For example, in some embodiments, the second closed sidewall 433 can be thicker at the first portion 619 than at the second portion 621, such that the first tube 401 can include a decreasing second cross-sectional dimension 707 at the first portion 619.

[0075] Reference Figure 8 In some embodiments, a method of manufacturing a glass ribbon may include controlling a phase change of a first cooling fluid 407 within a first tube 401 by accelerating the flow of the first cooling fluid 407 within a first portion 619 of the first tube 401 before reaching the second end 413. For example, accelerating the flow of the first cooling fluid 407 may include reducing a cross-sectional dimension of the first portion 619 of the first tube 401 relative to a flow direction 601 of the first cooling fluid 407. The reduction in cross-sectional dimension may include a static reduction in the dimension of the first tube 401, rather than an active reduction, such as where a force is applied to an outer surface of the first tube 401 to temporarily reduce the cross-sectional dimension of a portion of the first tube 401. More specifically, the reduction in cross-sectional dimension may include reducing the dimension of the first tube 401 relative to a flow direction 601 from the first end 411 to the second end 413. In some embodiments, the first tube 401 can include a first closed sidewall 403 of non-constant thickness, where the first closed sidewall 403 can include less thickness at one location (e.g., the second portion 621) than at another location (e.g., the first portion 619). The varying thickness of the first closed sidewall 403 can achieve a reduction in cross-sectional size as the first tube 401 narrows from the second portion 621 to the first portion 619.

[0076] Additionally or alternatively, in some embodiments, auxiliary structures may be positioned within the first tube 401 at the first portion 619 to achieve a reduction in cross-sectional size. In some embodiments, due to the reduction in cross-sectional size, the flow rate of one or more coolant particles 315 flowing through the first tube 401 can be increased when flowing through the first portion 619 due to the second cross-sectional dimension 707 being greater than the first cross-sectional dimension 703. By accelerating the flow of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first portion 619, the time spent by the first cooling fluid 407 within the first portion 619 can be reduced compared to embodiments in which the flow of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first portion 619 is not accelerated. In some embodiments, the temperature of the first portion 619 of the first tube 401 can be greater than the temperature of the second portion 621. To reduce the likelihood of the first cooling fluid 407 undergoing a phase change within the first portion 619, the reduced cross-sectional size of the first portion 619 facilitates a reduction in the amount of time the first cooling fluid 407 spends within the first portion 619. Thus, a phase change of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first portion 619 may be limited, thereby providing a greater number of coolant particles 315 passing through the nozzle 311 before converting to the gas 322 .

[0077] Reference Figure 9 , illustrating additional embodiments of the first cooling device 901. In some aspects, the first cooling device 901 can be used with Figures 3 to 7 The first cooling devices 301, 701 shown are similar. However, in some embodiments, the first cooling device 901 can include an opening 905 in the first tube 401 that can define a flow path 903 for the first cooling fluid 407. For example, one or more openings (e.g., opening 905) can be formed in the first closed side wall 403 adjacent to the second end 413 of the first tube 401. Thus, a portion of the first cooling fluid 407 can pass through the nozzle 311 and exit the second end 413, while another portion of the first cooling fluid 407 can travel along the flow path 903 through the opening 905. The opening 905 can be in fluid communication with the second channel 435. The first cooling fluid 407 can pass through the opening 905, whereupon the first cooling fluid 407 can serve as the second cooling fluid 441 by cooling the first tube 401 and flowing toward the outlet 455. In some embodiments, the first cooling device 901 is advantageous in that an inlet 451 (e.g., Figures 5 to 8 ), and the independent second cooling fluid may not be supplied to the second channel 435. More specifically, the first cooling fluid 407 may be used as a cooling medium by cooling the first tube 401. Figures 5 to 8 The second cooling fluid 441.

[0078] The cooling tube 307 illustrated and described herein can provide several benefits. For example, by positioning the first tube 401 within the second tube 431, the first channel 405 of the first tube 401 can be maintained in a separate environment from the second channel 435. For example, the first tube 401 can include a first closed sidewall 403 without openings, while the second tube 431 can include a second closed sidewall 433 without openings. Thus, the first tube 401 can receive and transmit a first cooling fluid 407, while the second tube 431 can receive and transmit a second cooling fluid 441. The first cooling fluid 407 and the second cooling fluid 441 can be either non-intermixed or intermixed, such that the first cooling fluid 407 can be emitted from the first tube 401 toward the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 to cool the region 325, while the second cooling fluid 441 can contact the first closed sidewall 403 to cool the first tube 401. Thus, the second cooling fluid 441 can cool the first tube 401 and thermally shield the first cooling fluid 407 from the elevated temperature of the surrounding environment. By cooling the first tube 401, the possibility of an unintended phase change of the first cooling fluid 407 while within the first channel 405 can be avoided. By limiting the unintended phase change of the first cooling fluid 407, the first cooling fluid 407 can emit one or more coolant particles 315 from the first tube 401, and one or more coolant particles 315 adjacent to the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 can undergo a phase change from a solid or liquid to a gas 322, thereby cooling the region 325.

[0079] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the cooling tube 307 can facilitate acceleration of the flow of the first cooling fluid 407 near the second end 413 (e.g., within the first portion 619 of the first tube 401). For example, the temperature of the ambient environment 603 can be higher near the ribbon of glass-forming material 103 than near the first end 411. To reduce the amount of time the first cooling fluid 407 spends within the first portion 619, the first tube 401 can include a reduced cross-sectional dimension (e.g., the second cross-sectional dimension 707 at the second location 709) compared to the second portion 621 (e.g., the first cross-sectional dimension 703 at the first location 705). In some embodiments, to reduce the amount of time the first cooling fluid 407 spends within the first portion 619, a portion of the first cooling fluid 407 can undergo a phase change within the first portion 619. The phase change can result in a change in density, which can accelerate the first cooling fluid 407. Furthermore, the first tube 401 can include a cross-sectional dimension (e.g., diameter) that can facilitate a pressure drop between the first end 411 and the second end 413. For example, in some embodiments, the inner diameter of the first tube 401 can range from approximately 0.25 mm to approximately 0.75 mm. When the pressure drop is too large, the flow rate of the first cooling fluid 407 within the first tube 401 at the second end 413 may be too low. For a smaller pressure drop, the desired flow rate of the first cooling fluid 407 can be maintained while limiting phase changes (e.g., from liquid or solid to gas) within the first tube 401 at a certain temperature.

[0080] It will be appreciated that although the various embodiments have been described in detail with respect to certain illustrative and specific examples, the disclosure should not be considered limited thereto, but that various modifications and combinations of the disclosed features are possible without departing from the claims.

Claims

1. A glass manufacturing apparatus comprising: a forming apparatus defining a travel path extending along a travel direction, said forming apparatus being configured to convey a ribbon of glass forming material along said travel path in said travel direction; as well as a cooling tube comprising a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the second end of the cooling tube being positioned adjacent to the travel path, the cooling tube comprising: a first tube comprising a first closed sidewall surrounding a first passage, the first tube including a first end and an opposing second end, the first tube being configured to receive a first cooling fluid within the first passage through the first end of the first tube, and wherein the cooling tube facilitates accelerating a flow of the first cooling fluid at a location proximate the second end of the cooling tube to control a phase change of the first cooling fluid within the first tube; a second tube comprising a second closed sidewall surrounding a second passage, the first tube being positioned within the second tube such that the second passage is between the first closed sidewall and the second closed sidewall, the second tube being configured to receive a second cooling fluid within the second passage; as well as A nozzle is attached to the second end of the first tube, the nozzle including a nozzle cavity in fluid communication with the first channel, the nozzle being configured to receive the first cooling fluid through the second end of the first tube and direct the first cooling fluid toward the travel path.

2. The glass manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first tube comprises a first cross-sectional dimension at a first location between the first end and the second end of the first tube, and comprises a second cross-sectional dimension at a second location adjacent the second end of the first tube, wherein the first cross-sectional dimension is different from the second cross-sectional dimension, and wherein the first cooling fluid travels along a central axis that intersects the nozzle, wherein the central axis is perpendicular to the travel path.

3. The glass manufacturing apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first cross-sectional dimension is smaller than the second cross-sectional dimension.

4. The glass manufacturing apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first tube is coaxial with the second tube and extends along a longitudinal axis, and a suction nozzle is positioned adjacent to the nozzle, the suction nozzle including an opening through which fluid is drawn into the suction nozzle to reduce pressure near the nozzle.

5. The glass manufacturing apparatus of claim 4 , wherein an axis orthogonal to the longitudinal axis intersects the first closed sidewall and the second closed sidewall, and wherein the axis, beginning at the longitudinal axis and extending radially outward from the longitudinal axis, first passes through the first channel, then through the first closed sidewall, then through the second channel, and then through the second closed sidewall.

6. A method for manufacturing a glass ribbon, comprising: forming ribbons of glass-forming material; moving the ribbon of glass-forming material along a travel path in a direction of travel; delivering a first cooling fluid through the first tube toward the nozzle; controlling a phase change of the first cooling fluid within the first tube by accelerating the flow of the first cooling fluid within a first portion of the first tube before reaching an end of the first tube; cooling the first tube by passing a second cooling fluid through a second tube surrounding the first tube so that the second cooling fluid is in convective contact with the first tube to maintain a phase of the first cooling fluid within the first tube; as well as The region of the ribbon of glass-forming material is cooled by directing the first cooling fluid from the end of the first tube and through the nozzle toward the region of the ribbon of glass-forming material.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising isolating the first cooling fluid from the second cooling fluid when the second cooling fluid is delivered through the second tube and when the first cooling fluid is directed from the end of the first tube.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein cooling the first tube comprises thermally shielding the first tube from the surrounding environment by absorbing heat from the surrounding environment using a second cooling fluid.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the accelerating comprises reducing a cross-sectional dimension of the first portion of the first tube relative to a flow direction of the first cooling fluid.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein the accelerating comprises enabling a phase change of a portion of the first cooling fluid within the first portion from one or more of a liquid phase or a solid phase to a gas phase.

11. The method of any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein cooling the region comprises changing the phase of the first cooling fluid as it flows toward the region of the ribbon of glass-forming material.

12. The method of any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the first cooling fluid comprises carbon dioxide.

13. A method of manufacturing a glass ribbon, comprising: forming ribbons of glass-forming material; moving the ribbon of glass-forming material along a travel path in a direction of travel; delivering a first cooling fluid through the first tube toward the nozzle; controlling a phase change of the first cooling fluid within the first tube by accelerating the flow of the first cooling fluid within the first portion of the first tube before reaching the nozzle; as well as The region of the ribbon of glass-forming material is cooled by directing the first cooling fluid from the end of the first tube and through the nozzle toward the region of the ribbon of glass-forming material.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein accelerating comprises reducing a cross-sectional dimension of the first portion of the first tube relative to a direction of flow of the first cooling fluid.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein accelerating comprises enabling a phase change of a portion of the first cooling fluid within the first portion from one or more of a liquid phase or a solid phase to a vapor phase.

16. The method of any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein cooling the region comprises changing the phase of the first cooling fluid as it flows towards the region.

17. The method of any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the first cooling fluid comprises carbon dioxide.

18. The method of any one of claims 13 to 15, further comprising extracting the first cooling fluid by suction after the first cooling fluid has been directed from the end of the first tube and through the nozzle.

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