Systems and methods for a multi-chamber biomass reactor

Abstract

A system and method for a multi-chamber biomass reactor, comprising: a reaction chamber including a main chamber for biomass treatment; an outlet chamber adjacent to and connected to the reaction chamber; a biomass inlet including an area for inputting biomass into the biomass reactor; a conveyor system including components for actuating the biomass and other components to pass through the biomass reactor from the biomass inlet through the reaction chamber and through the outlet chamber; and a gas exchange system for controlling the gas flow inside the biomass reactor, the gas exchange system including: at least one air vent; and an exhaust device. The system is used for processing biomass, whereby the system converts the input biomass into energy-rich products such as coal, charcoal, biofuel, fertilizer, briquette, electricity. The system and method may further include an inclination variable module including actuating components capable of changing the inclination and / or height of the biomass reactor and / or biomass reactor components.

Description

[0001] Cross - Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 030,861, filed May 27, 2020, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 076,571, filed Sep. 10, 2020, both of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention generally relates to the field of biomass processing, and more particularly to new and useful systems and methods for a multi - chamber biomass reactor. Background Art

[0004] Moving - bed biomass thermochemical reactors typically have problems guiding gas flow. When operating under positive pressure, volatile waste gases and exhaust gases from the thermochemical reaction can leave the reactor through more than one passage, which may not be desirable. Generally, it is desirable to direct most of the volatile waste gases and exhaust gases to flow in one channel directed towards the outlet so that the gases can be properly treated / oxidized / vented in order to extract heat from them and at the same time meet any pollution standards. As an example, in a moving - bed reactor containing one or more reaction - after solid outlets, it is sometimes not desirable for the volatile waste gases and exhaust gases to travel in the same direction as the solid material. When operating under negative pressure (natural convection), it may be desirable but challenging for the incoming air to enter through a dedicated air inlet rather than through any other passage (such as a solid outlet).

[0005] Another undesirable situation that can be observed in a biomass moving - bed reactor (e.g., similar to the biomass moving - bed reactor described in WO 2018 / 213474 A1, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety into this application) is that hot air rising in the main reaction chamber at the bottom of the moving bed can create a negative pressure (chimney effect) that sucks air from the char outlet through the length of the char cooling outlet into the reactor. This air flow counter - current to the output of the calcined / carbonized biomass that is supposed to be cooled can create an oxidizing environment that continues to oxidize / combust the calcined / carbonized biomass and prevents proper cooling. The result is a loss of carbon from the calcined biomass and a reduction in the output quality and solid energy yield.

[0006] In some cases involving dense biomass (e.g., pine wood shavings and rice husks), the biomass within the reactor bed provides sufficient fluid resistance ("choking") to prevent air from freely passing through the reactor and to prevent the formation of a chimney effect (or vice versa). In such cases, although air is present within the char cooling section, the air cannot easily penetrate the dense biomass bed into the moving bed region. Thus, there is no forced flow (chimney effect). In contrast, in the case of loose biomass (e.g., coconut husks), there is sufficient void space within the moving bed and within the char cooling section such that air can freely enter the moving bed, thereby creating a strong chimney effect. In fact, in some cases, the air flow from the char outlet is so strong relative to the forced air flow inlet that the forced air flow inlet is useless in terms of metering the air-to-biomass ratio within the reaction zone. In such cases, control of the reaction zone is lost, and the air-to-biomass ratio is set only by the strength of the chimney effect formed by the moving bed.

[0007] To explain these problems that exist, a bioreactor system and method are needed that can control the air flow, control the exhaust gas and flue gas, effectively utilize the exhaust gas and flue gas, and can process both loose biomass and dense biomass without creating a chimney effect. The present invention provides such a new and useful system and method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an example system.

[0009] Figure 2 is an alternative schematic diagram of the example system.

[0010] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an example system including a variable inclination module.

[0011] Figure 4 is an alternative schematic diagram of the example system including a variable inclination module.

[0012] Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of processing biomass through the system.

[0013] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an example conveyor system.

[0014] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an example variable pitch auger.

[0015] Figure 8 is a sub - part of the example variable pitch auger.

[0016] Figure 9 is a sub - part of an end section of the example variable pitch auger.

[0017] Figure 10 is a sub - part of the other end - portion segment of the exemplary pitch - variable auger.

[0018] Figure 11 is a schematic view of an exemplary variable - axis auger.

[0019] Figure 12 is a schematic view of an exemplary auger blade with holes.

[0020] Figure 13 is a schematic view of an exemplary auger with perforated blades.

[0021] Figure 14 is a schematic example with respect to the neutral pressure plane of the system.

[0022] Figure 15 is a schematic example of system component actuation.

[0023] Figure 16 is a schematic example of flue elongation.

[0024] Figure 17 is an example of system actuation with respect to the neutral pressure plane.

[0025] Figure 18 is an example of system actuation with respect to the neutral pressure plane.

[0026] Figure 19 is a schematic view of an exemplary system.

[0027] Figure 20 is a schematic view of an exemplary system.

[0028] Figure 21 is an exemplary system architecture that can be used for a system and / or method. Detailed Description

[0029] The following description of embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the present invention to these embodiments, but rather to enable those skilled in the art to make and use the present invention.

[0030] 1. Overview

[0031] As Figure 1As shown, a system and method for a multi-chamber biomass reactor can include: a reaction chamber that includes a main chamber for biomass treatment; an exit chamber that is adjacent to and connected to the reaction chamber and is mainly used for cooling biomass end products; a biomass inlet that includes an area for inputting biomass into the biomass reactor; a conveyor system that includes components for actuating the biomass to pass through the biomass reactor from the biomass inlet through the reaction chamber and through the exit chamber; a gas exchange system that controls the gas flow within the biomass reactor, and the gas exchange system includes: an air vent and an exhaust device; and a variable inclination module for lowering and raising the inclination of the chamber components. The system and method serve as a biomass reactor that utilizes the conveyor system to change the biomass density and utilizes the gas exchange system to control the air / gas flow through the reactor. This can be particularly useful in portable biomass reactors that may need to be used in various environments and conditions and can benefit from a dynamically calibrated configuration based on the use of the portable biomass reactor.

[0032] The system and method can be particularly applicable to the field of portable bioreactors (i.e., biomass reactors). That is, the system and method provide a portable biomass reactor capable of performing pyrolysis reactions such as pyrolysis (e.g., roasting and carbonization) and similar thermal reactions for treating biomass. The portable bioreactor can be used in various environments and conditions, and systems and methods for dynamically calibrating the configuration based on such use of the portable biomass reactor can be used.

[0033] In addition, the system and method can be applied to the field of carbon fiber production. In addition to treating plastics, polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyacrylamide, and / or other carbon fiber precursors to produce carbon fibers, the system and method can also enable the treatment of biomaterials used in the manufacture of carbon fibers and carbon fiber products.

[0034] The system and method can provide many potential benefits. The system and method are not limited to always providing such benefits and are presented only as an exemplary representation of how the system and method can be used. These benefits are not exhaustive, and there may be other benefits additionally or alternatively.

[0035] The system and method potentially provide the benefit that a portable biomass reactor can efficiently process biomass into energy-dense end products for use.

[0036] The system and method can enable the control of the air / gas flow within the bioreactor. The control of the internal air / gas flow potentially provides the benefit of more efficient biomass treatment.

[0037] Another potential benefit of controlling the internal gas flow is that the system and method can enable processing steps that would otherwise be impossible.

[0038] In addition, controlling the internal gas flow can provide the benefit of better environmental management of the bioreactor. By controlling the internal gas flow, contaminants can be retained and "cleaned" before being discharged from the bioreactor. Additionally, the internal gas flow can enable contaminants to be stored without being discharged.

[0039] Controlling the internal gas flow can further provide potential cooling benefits. That is, the system and method can enable the biomass to be cooled in the reaction chamber of the biomass reactor and / or other areas of the reactor.

[0040] The system and method can additionally include a variable pitch auger for densifying the internal biomass. Changing the internal biomass density provides the potential benefit of obtaining the desired final biomass product size.

[0041] In addition, biomass densification provides the potential benefit of improving control of gas exchange within the system.

[0042] The system and method can additionally provide the benefits of a carbon fiber production tool. By virtue of the ability to carry out carbonization reactions using the biomass reactor, the system and method provide the potential benefits of efficient and portable carbon fiber production.

[0043] In addition, the system and method can provide a portable carbonization tool. Since current carbon fiber production reactors are mainly stationary, the system and method potentially provide the benefits of a portable device for carbon fiber production.

[0044] 2. System

[0045] As Figures 1 to 4 shown, a system for a multi-chamber biomass reactor includes: a reaction chamber 110 that includes a main chamber for biomass processing; an outlet chamber 120 that is adjacent to and connected to the reaction chamber; a biomass inlet 130 that includes an area for inputting biomass into the biomass reactor; a conveyor system 140 that includes components for actuating the biomass and other components through the biomass reactor from the biomass inlet through the reaction chamber and through the outlet chamber; and a gas exchange system 150 that controls the gas flow within the biomass reactor, the gas exchange system including: at least one air vent 152; and an exhaust device 154.

[0046] A system is used to process biomass, whereby the system converts the input biomass into energy-rich products such as coal, charcoal, biofuels, fertilizers, briquettes, electricity, heat generation, and other suitable outputs. The system can have multiple variants, in which the system can have additional or fewer components, such as a second Figure 2 (as shown in the second exemplary schematic diagram of the system). In some variants, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 as shown, the system can further include a tilt-variable module 160, which includes actuating components that can change the tilt and / or height of the reaction chamber, the outlet chamber, and the biomass inlet. For example, the tilt-variable module can raise the positioning of the outlet chamber so that the outlet chamber is in a tilted state.

[0047] The system functions as a biomass reactor that can hold and process biomass. The biomass reactor can include an open or closed system. That is, the biomass reactor can include a storage space that seals the stored biomass therein or is open to the external environment. In some variants, the biomass reactor can have open and closed operating modes, in which the entire system and / or chamber can be changed between a closed system and an open system.

[0048] Depending on the implementation, the system can have additional or alternative components. The additional components can achieve different or improved operations. For example, the additional components can enable the processing of different biomasses (e.g., processing liquid-based biomass), enable the production of different outputs / end products (e.g., carbon fiber production), and improve general functionality (e.g., an insulating layer can improve the functionality of the biomass reactor under extreme weather conditions). Examples of additional components can include: a control unit, a power system (e.g., powering system components and / or initiating reactions), a sensor system (e.g., better monitoring system functionality), a communication system (e.g., for user monitoring and improved operability), a combustion chamber (e.g., capable of producing high-temperature end products), a cooling system (e.g., air jet cooling, water mist jet cooling), and / or other suitable components.

[0049] As Figures 1 to 4 shown in the exemplary schematic diagram, the system can include multiple implementation variants, in which the components can be differently changed and positioned according to the implementation. In particular, depending on the implementation, the system can include different positions and sizes for the following: the biomass inlet 130, the air vent 152, and the exhaust device 154.

[0050] The system can alternatively be used as a "portable" biomass reactor, where the system can be transported and used on-site as needed. In this way, the system can be implemented in one area with a set of parameters and positioned for the treatment of one type of biomass, and then changed and / or moved for the treatment of another type of biomass. Portable bioreactors are used to enable the storage and treatment of biological materials in locations where larger bioreactors are typically inaccessible. In some variations, the portable bioreactor has a volume of approximately between 30 and 250 m 3 ³. In some variations, the portable bioreactor is small and has a volume of approximately between 10 and 30 m³. In some variations, the portable bioreactor is miniaturized and has a volume of approximately between 1 and 10 m 3 ³. In some variations, the portable bioreactor is significantly miniaturized and has a volume of approximately between 0.5 and 1 m 3 ³. Preferably, the portable bioreactor can receive various types of biomass (e.g., food waste, wild branches, agricultural residues). The portable bioreactor 110 can preferably change the internal conditions to process the biomass. Internal changes can include: thermal conversion (e.g., roasting) and biochemical conversion (e.g., fermentation). These processes can be implemented by changing the temperature, pressure, and increasing and decreasing the gas flow (e.g., oxygen) through the portable bioreactor. In a preferred variation, the portable bioreactor can primarily produce solid product biofuels (e.g., fertilizers, biochar) by decomposing the biomass. In a preferred variation, the portable bioreactor 110 operates under low-oxygen conditions.

[0051] In one embodiment, the biomass reactor can include biomass reactor components similar to those described in the biomass reactor device of WO2018 / 213474A1, filed on May 16, 2018, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by this reference. The system can additionally be applied to alternative or additional forms of conversion systems. In another exemplary application, the system and method are used in biomass reactors that include small-scale, treatment-intensive pyrolysis reactors, where these biomass reactors produce liquid products (e.g., bio-oil, diesel, and other fractionated chemical compounds) and syngas from biomass. In some embodiments, the system can be configured for biomass reactors with a larger shape factor or immovable biomass reactors.

[0052] As a way to process biomass into a desired, useful, energy-rich end product, the system can have multiple processing mode functionalities. The processing mode functionality of the system can be specific to the biomass reactor implemented, the biomass to be processed, and / or the desired end product. For example, one implemented system may be specific only to receiving one type of biomass material (e.g., wood) and converting it into one end product (e.g., the wood is partially oxidized / gasified to produce syngas). A second implemented system can receive multiple types of biomass materials (e.g., garbage, including paper, wood, food waste) and process them into one end product (e.g., the garbage is partially oxidized / gasified to produce syngas). A third system can receive multiple types of biomass materials (e.g., garbage) and convert it into multiple types of end products (e.g., separating the garbage and producing biogas, biochar, ethanol, and biodiesel from these components using combustion, pyrolysis, bi-esterification, and fermentation). A fourth bioreactor 110 can receive a single type of biomass material (e.g., wood) and convert it into multiple end products (e.g., biochar and heat).

[0053] In addition to having multiple operating modes for biomass processing, the system can also have an operating mode in which the air / gas flow through the system is controlled with respect to the direction of biomass movement within the system. Using system components, the system can cause the air / gas flow direction to be with the movement of biomass processing, against the movement of biomass processing, or independent of the movement of biomass processing. That is, the system can have co-current flow, counter-current flow, cross-flow operating modes, in which the air and gas flows are directed in the direction of biomass processing, against the direction of biomass processing, and relatively orthogonal to the direction of biomass processing. Additionally or alternatively, the system can formulate current operating modes in other directions that depend on or are independent of the biomass processing direction. Figure 5 An example schematic diagram is shown, in which biomass enters the system from the flue and is driven out as a calcined output after being processed. In this example, the air / gas is controlled to be partially counter-current, where the exhaust is present in the main area where biomass is added.

[0054] The type of biomass used with the system varies according to many factors, such as the area where the biomass is collected and the biomass reactor implementation. Although technically, biomass can include any plant material (e.g., branches, leaves) or animal material (e.g., food waste), the biomass here can be used to refer to any organic material that can be converted into a desired end product, preferably a fuel or energy end product (e.g., biofuel or heat). This can include carbon-containing materials that are not derived from plants or animals, particularly any other hydrocarbons (e.g., synthetically produced organic materials, activated carbon, fly ash, and charcoal powder). In many variants, the biomass is air-permeable or semi-air-permeable. That is, the biomass can generally allow air to travel through, but once compressed, the biomass can block the passage of air. In some applications of the system, the biomass can decompose into a larger material output that is not packed or compressed. These larger biomass materials (such as coconut shells) may pose unique challenges in controlling the passage of air, which can be addressed by the system. In some variants, the biomass can include unusable materials (e.g., as part of garbage collection). In these variants, the unusable materials can be removed from the system. Alternatively, in some variants, the unusable materials can be stored and "processed" together with the available biomass. This may be the case for implementations where the unusable materials have little impact on the end product.

[0055] The biomass reactor end product is preferably a processed compound from the biomass. More preferably, the end product is an energy-rich compound in a form that can be utilized immediately (e.g., fuel) or a form that requires further processing (e.g., petroleum). Alternatively, the biomass end product can be any generally desired compound. As used herein, for the sake of simplicity in discussion, the biomass end product will be referred to as "charcoal". The use of the term "charcoal" for the biomass end product in no way limits what the biomass end product can be. Examples of possible end products include: fertilizers, biofuels, activated carbon (e.g., biochar, briquettes), electricity, carbon fiber, and heat production (e.g., from burning biomass). The end product can additionally be in the form of a material intended for carbon sequestration. In some variants, the end product can be a compound that is only partially processed, such as petroleum or coke. In these variants, the end product can be treated as the final end product, or transported / transferred to another processing facility or reactor for further processing.

[0056] As defined herein, a neutral pressure plane (NPP) describes a plane or other surface where the pressure within the biomass reactor matches the pressure outside the biomass reactor such that, in the absence of an active pump, gas exchange at the NPP is relatively negligible (it should be noted that diffusion still occurs). In many variations, the NPP depends at least in part on the ambient air pressure (P a ) that decreases with height. Thus, in many variations, gas exchange above the NPP can cause a net gas flow out of the biomass reactor, and gas exchange below the NPP can cause a net gas flow into the biomass reactor. As part of the functionality of the biomass, the system can utilize the NPP to facilitate gas exchange. Thus, through the utilization of the NPP, the system can enable biomass treatment to occur under different gas flows relative to the biomass treatment; that is, the system can achieve co-current flow, counter-current flow, and / or cross-flow gas flow (e.g., gas flow orthogonal to the biomass movement / treatment) and / or some combination of flow directions. As Figure 14 shown, an example schematic diagram of the system is presented, where the NPP is plotted. In this example, the air vents above the NPP can enable the exchange of gas leaving the bioreactor, and the air vents below the NPP can enable the exchange of air entering the system.

[0057] The system can include a reaction chamber 110. The reaction chamber 110 is for processing the input biomass. Generally, the reaction chamber 110 includes one or more chambers that enable pyrolysis reactions to occur on the input biomass. According to embodiments, any range of pyrolysis reactions can be implemented, such as mild forms (e.g., roasting) and extreme forms (e.g., carbonization). In some variations, the reaction chamber can implement more complex reactions where pyrolysis is only part of the reaction (e.g., combustion or gasification). In other variations, the reaction chamber can implement other types of biomass treatment, such as pyrolysis.

[0058] As part of the functionality of the reaction chamber 110, the reaction chamber can include components that can effect changes in thermodynamic properties. For example, the reaction chamber 110 can be enabled to undergo intrinsic changes such as: raising / lowering the temperature (e.g., heat pump or combustion reaction), raising / lowering the pressure (e.g., changing the chamber volume or preventing exhaust from leaving); and / or extrinsic changes such as: adding / removing biomass material (e.g., separating different biomass components), adding / removing other components (e.g., removing reaction waste components), increasing / decreasing the flow rate of gas / liquid components (e.g., increasing the oxygen flow rate for combustion).

[0059] In some variations, the reaction chamber 110 may include multiple chambers, where during biomass processing, the biomass can enter different chambers as a moving material and different processes can be initiated in these different chambers. These chambers can implement different stages of biomass processing. For example, filtration, oxidation, reduction, dissolution, etc.

[0060] The reaction chamber 110 can include multiple processing modes, where these processing modes can depend on the input biomass, the desired end product, and potentially other factors (e.g., environmental conditions, reaction chamber capabilities, etc.). Thus, the reaction chamber 110 can be enabled to "process" the biomass by changing the internal conditions of the chamber. That is, the processing is for producing the desired end product by inducing physical and chemical changes within the biomass. Depending on the implementation, the different processing modes can be the nature of the bioreactor itself (e.g., the nature of the reaction chamber 110) or specific steps implemented within the reaction chamber for the type of biomass input or the type of desired end product.

[0061] The system can include an outlet chamber 120. The outlet chamber serves as a secondary treatment and / or post-treatment for the input biomass. The outlet chamber 120 can be directly connected to the reaction chamber 110 such that the input biomass can directly travel into the outlet chamber. The outlet chamber 120 can additionally include an outlet such that the processed biomass can leave the bioreactor. Alternatively, depending on the implementation, the outlet chamber can be connected to another bioreactor chamber 110.

[0062] In some variations, the outlet chamber 120 can be used as a carbon cooling area. That is, the carbon can be actively and / or passively cooled in this area. In these variations, the outlet chamber S120 can include an open or semi-open area (e.g., an air vent) such that the outlet chamber can be cooled by the external ambient temperature. Additionally or alternatively, the outlet chamber 120 can incorporate other cooling methods (e.g., liquid cooling, spraying water mist or steam).

[0063] In some variations, the outlet chamber 120 can be used to implement an extended or second-stage processing of the biomass. As Figure 2 shown, in these variations, the outlet chamber can also be connected to a flue or other exhaust outlet such that heated gases and / or compounds can flow along the biomass to assist in processing the biomass.

[0064] The system can include a biomass inlet 130. The biomass inlet serves as the entry point for the biomass. The biomass inlet 130 can be directly connected to the reaction chamber 110, or can include a "pipe" leading to the reaction chamber. Depending on the variation, the biomass inlet can be opened and closed. Alternatively, the biomass inlet is always open. In some variations, the system can have multiple biomass inlets 130.

[0065] In one variant, as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, the biomass inlet 130 also serves as the system flue. That is, the biomass is input into the system through the same passage as the passage through which the exhaust gas is released from the system. The biomass inlet 130 also includes a flue function to achieve reverse flow gas exchange. The reverse flow gas exchange can enable the biomass to be efficiently heated by the exhaust gas, thereby potentially enabling better activation / ignition of the biomass material.

[0066] In another variant, as Figure 1 and Figure 2 shown, the biomass inlet 130 can be positioned on one side of the reaction chamber 110. The side-entry biomass inlet 130 can be used to provide an easier entry path and enable the biomass to be more effectively input into the biomass reactor. Additionally, the side-entry biomass inlet 130 can achieve better co-current flow processing. That is, side entry can enable more efficient incorporation of the co-current air / gas flow, where the input air and the exhaust gas flow in the same direction as the direction of biomass processing.

[0067] The system can include a conveyor system 140. The conveyor system is used to convey the input biomass through the system; to move the input biomass from the biomass inlet 130, through the reaction chamber 110, through the outlet chamber 120, and out of the system. Additionally, the conveyor system 140 can participate in changing the physical properties of the biomass (e.g., compressing, spreading, mixing, changing the residence time of biomass processing, etc.). The conveyor system can include a drive and an actuating component. In variants including the tilt variable module 160, the conveyor system 140 can work in conjunction with the tilt variable module; wherein, the conveyor system can utilize the system tilt to improve the desired effect. In some variants, the conveyor system 140 can include a granulator, a briquetting machine, and / or a variable pitch auger. As Figure 6 shown, a sample conveyor system 140 includes a moving bed for solid conveyance, a grinding device, a granulating / briquetting machine, and an injection port. In this example, the injection port can enable the injection of adhesives, carbon cooling fluids, or other fluids to make the carbon more ductile for granulation.

[0068] Depending on the implementation, the conveyor system 140 can also allow forward or backward conveyance of the biomass and the biomass end product. The backward movement of the biomass can achieve an extended throughput (e.g., for carbonization), and / or enable multi-stage processing. Additionally, the backward movement of the biomass can improve the mechanical conveyance of the biomass by clearing sticky biomass.

[0069] In some variations, the conveyor system 140 includes a moving bed that carries the biomass through the system. Depending on the implementation, the conveyor system may include a single bed, where the conveyor system actuates the biomass to move uniformly through the system. Alternatively, the moving bed may include multiple beds such that each section conveys the biomass at a different rate (i.e., non-uniform actuation). For example, the first moving bed section in the reaction chamber 110 may slow down the conveyance of the biomass such that the biomass is fully processed into char. The second bed section at the end of the reaction chamber 110 and the beginning of the outlet chamber 120 may move slowly (or not at all) such that the processed biomass can accumulate (e.g., to prevent gas from flowing into the outlet chamber 120). The third bed section within the outlet chamber 120 may move at a desired rate such that the char is fully cooled. In many variations, the diameter ratio of each section is controlled. In some variations, this means that the ratio of the size of the outlet chamber 120 to the diameter of the moving bed does not exceed a specific ratio, where the size of the outlet chamber refers to the shortest cross-sectional length (e.g., the height, width, diameter, etc. of a circular outlet chamber). In one example, the ratio does not exceed 1. In a second example, the ratio does not exceed 0.5. In a third example, the ratio does not exceed 0.25. In some variations, the size ratio may at least partially depend on the biomass size.

[0070] Additionally or alternatively, for the moving bed, the conveyor system 140 may include other components to achieve non-uniform actuation. For example, the conveyor system may include pusher conveyors (e.g., uniform pusher conveyors, variable pitch pusher conveyors), rotating drums, etc. That is, the conveyor system 140 may include any mechanism for non-uniformly actuating the biomass along a defined actuation path. In addition to enabling better processing of the biomass by allowing it to remain in the desired region for a relatively optimized amount of time, non-uniform action can be used to achieve compression of the biomass. Biomass compression can enable better control of the gas exchange flow (e.g., by slowing down or blocking the gas flow). In one example, the conveyor system 140 may be implemented such that the biomass can be compressed near the region where the reaction chamber 110 and the outlet chamber 120 are connected, thereby restricting, reducing, or blocking the air / gas flow between the reaction chamber 110 and the outlet chamber 120. Compression of the biomass places the biomass under pressure (including but not limited to compression or extrusion processes such as narrowing the channels (or increasing the pitch of the screw conveyor for a system including a variable pitch pusher conveyor).

[0071] In some variations, the conveyor system 140 includes a pusher conveyor. As Figures 7 to 10 shown, the pusher conveyor may include a variable pitch pusher conveyor. Preferably, the pusher conveyor includes a drive shaft, as Figure 5 shown, where the drive shaft drives the pusher conveyor. As Figures 7 to 10As shown, the auger can have a uniform pitch in the main area of each chamber, with variability between chambers. For example, a variable pitch auger can have a relatively uniform pitch in most of the reaction chambers 110 and most of the outlet chambers 120, with a denser pitch in the area between the two chambers. Alternatively, the auger pitch gradually decreases in the reaction chambers 110 or along the initial portion (i.e., the char cooling section) inside the outlet chamber 120 through the reaction chambers. As previously mentioned, the variable pitch can achieve densification of the biomass, resulting in a "blockage" such that air flow between the reaction chamber 110 and the outlet chamber 120 can be reduced or restricted. Additionally or alternatively, the variable pitch can enable changing the biomass treatment residence time. For the same rotational speed, by adjusting the pitch of the auger at that location, the biomass residence time in the outlet chamber 120 can be increased or decreased. This can be used to achieve the desired temperature of the char at the outlet.

[0072] Reducing the pitch of the auger can compress the calcined biomass (the volume of which has previously been reduced in the reaction chamber). By confining the pitch of the auger to a specific area, the calcined biomass can be compressed in the target area of the outlet chamber 120. This will raise the level of the calcined biomass and fill the axially projected cross-sectional area of the outlet duct. The ratio between the reduced pitch and the original pitch (in the reaction chamber) can be adjusted such that the axially projected cross-sectional area is greater than the desired amount. In one variant, the projected cross-sectional area is greater than 75% of the total area. In other variants, the projected cross-sectional area is greater than 99% of the total area. If the level of the calcined biomass is known, the ratio of the reduced pitch can be roughly calculated / predicted as the ratio of the total axially projected cross-sectional area to the cross-sectional area actually occupied by the calcined biomass in the duct. This can increase the fluid resistance for air to freely enter the moving bed and enter the outlet chamber 120, thus weakening any chimney effect. In some cases, the ratio of the reduced pitch to the original pitch can be further increased such that the calcined biomass is compressed into smaller pieces. This breaking of large particle biomass into smaller particles can further be used to increase the fluid resistance in the area where the pitch is reduced. Coincidentally, this can be used for the dual purpose of reducing the size of the calcined biomass, which is typically a post-treatment step desired after calcination or any thermochemical treatment. If the size of the calcined biomass particles is reduced, the desired average particle output size can be controlled. In one variant, the output size is particles less than 100 cm. In a second variant, the output particles are less than 10 cm, and depending on the implementation, the output particle size can be in any range greater than 1 micron.

[0073] Starting from the reaction chamber 110, the pitch can be gradually decreased over several turns or suddenly decreased. A sudden decrease may result in a more abrupt compression of the calcined biomass, which will translate into more torque required on the parts of the motor and higher mechanical stress on the auger; this may lead to mechanical failures. Thus, in many variations, a gradual decrease in pitch can more effectively create an air "blockage". Alternatively, a sudden change in pitch can be incorporated in variations that take into account the driving torque. In some variations, the region of pitch decrease can extend over the entire length of the char cooling section.

[0074] In other variations, the region of pitch decrease can last only for a few turns, after which the pitch increases again in the direction of the char outlet. The increase in pitch can be a sudden increase or a gradual increase over several turns. For these variations, the region of pitch decrease can be at least a few auger turns (>2) in order to create an effective air "blockage".

[0075] In some variations, as Figure 11 shown, the outer diameter (OD) of the auger shaft can gradually or suddenly increase in the reaction chamber 110 or in the initial portion inside the outlet chamber section 120 through the reaction chamber. This can be used to compress the biomass and create an air blockage, where the biomass is compressed between the auger shaft and the tube wall of the conveyor system. Depending on the implementation, the pitch can remain constant at all times or may not remain constant at all times. For an auger with a constant pitch, an increased auger shaft diameter can produce the same effect by forcing the compression of the calcined biomass. The ratio between the enlarged auger shaft OD and the original auger shaft OD (in the reaction chamber 110) can be adjusted such that the axially projected cross-sectional area is filled to the desired amount. For example, this cross-sectional area can be filled to 75%, 90%, 95% or 99%, and if the level of the calcined biomass is known, this ratio can be roughly calculated / predicted as the square root of the ratio of the full axially projected cross-sectional area to the cross-sectional area actually occupied by the calcined biomass in the pipeline before implementing the solution. Increasing the size of the auger shaft can produce the same compression effect and air "blockage" effect as previously described, and can reduce the biomass particles to a smaller size (achieving a "grinding" effect). The reduction in the size of the calcined biomass particles can be controlled. In one variation, the output size is particles smaller than 100 cm 3 in size. In a second variation, the output particles are smaller than 10 cm, and depending on the implementation, the output particle size can be in any range greater than 1 micron.

[0076] Depending on the implementation, from the reaction chamber 110, the auger shaft OD can increase gradually over one or more turns, or suddenly. A sudden increase in the auger shaft OD may create a more sudden compression on the calcined biomass, which will translate into more torque required on the parts of the motor. This may in turn lead to higher mechanical stress on the auger and thus potentially to failure if not initially considered. However, a sudden increase in the auger shaft OD can also be implemented to create an air "blockage".

[0077] In some cases, the region where the auger shaft OD increases can extend over the entire length of the outlet chamber 120. Alternatively, the increased auger shaft OD can only last for one or more turns, after which the auger shaft OD decreases again in the direction of the char outlet, either suddenly or gradually over several turns. In a variant including an increased auger shaft diameter, the region where the auger OD increases can be at least one auger turn in order to create an effective air "blockage".

[0078] Since wear and tear on the auger may increase in the region of decreasing pitch when conveying highly abrasive materials (such as calcined biomass), it is recommended that the auger be made of wear-resistant material or treated with wear-resistant techniques (such as surface hardening) in order to avoid the need for constant repair / re-welding of the worn parts of the auger. If the size of the calcined biomass particles is reduced, the desired average particle output size can be less than 100 cm, less than 10 cm, less than 1 cm, less than 1 mm, less than 100 microns, less than 10 microns, less than 1 micron. The solution is shown below.

[0079] The auger can be made of any type of material. Since wear and tear on the auger may increase in the region of decreasing pitch or in the region of increasing OD shaft diameter when conveying highly abrasive materials (such as calcined biomass), the auger can preferably be made particularly durable. In some variants, the auger can be made of wear-resistant material or treated with wear-resistant techniques (such as surface hardening). The benefit this can provide is to avoid the need for constant repair / re-welding of the worn parts of the auger.

[0080] In the variant where the system is tilted, or especially non-uniformly tilted (e.g., Figure 4 )), the conveyor system 140 can include multiple augers (e.g., one auger for each tilted region). Alternatively, the auger can have one or more flexible joints such that the auger can bend and rotate along the incline.

[0081] In many variations, the auger vanes are long enough and shaped such that the auger vanes form a relatively airtight (or low gas exchange) path for biomass conveyance. These shaped vanes are used to minimize / control the gas flow through the system, particularly between the reaction chamber 110 and the outlet chamber. In some variations, the vanes may have perforations or holes within a given area to enable gas flow. For example, as Figure 12 shown, the auger vanes of the auger may have holes within the reaction chamber 110 to allow gas to penetrate into different compartments, thereby heating the unreacted biomass more quickly and improving the overall reaction stability. The size of the perforations should be smaller than the biomass particles in the reactor. Depending on the implementation, the perforations may have a diameter of less than 1 cm, 1 mm, or 0.1 mm. In some variations, for example, for coconut shells, the perforations may have a diameter between approximately 0.1 mm and 10 mm. This series of perforations may also be in the form of a mesh having sufficient thickness and strength to allow the biomass to move along it. As Figure 13 shown, different examples of perforations in the auger vanes may include notches at the edges of the auger vanes, or larger holes on the surfaces of the auger vanes, the diameters of which are equal to or greater than the typical size of the biomass particles. In this case, the perforations (notches or holes) not only allow the hot gas to circulate, but also allow a small amount of biomass (which may be hot and reactive) to remain behind instead of being carried away by the auger vanes.

[0082] The conveyor system 140 may include a grinder. The grinder can be used to grind the biomass. The biomass is ground into smaller pieces (sized not less than 10 microns and not greater than 100 cm). The grinder may include an in-line grinder. Additionally or alternatively, the grinder may include a hammer mill.

[0083] In some variations, the conveyor system 140 may include a drying bed. The drying bed is used to assist in drying the biomass during conveyance along the conveyor system. The drying bed may include an inlet for drying equipment disposed within or near the end of the reaction chamber 110 in an in-line manner. The drying equipment may include a belt dryer, a drum dryer, or any type of commercially available dryer now or in the future. Alternatively, the drying equipment may include a heating bed, where heat transfer elements (e.g., a jacket or heating element in another reactor) are used to transfer heat to the heating bed.

[0084] The conveyor system 140 may include one or more injection ports. The injection ports are used to enable the addition of fluids, chemicals, gases, etc. to the biomass. In some variations, the conveyor system 140 includes an injection port within the reaction chamber 110. Alternatively, the injection port may be located in the area of the outlet chamber 120 of the conveyor system 140. In one example, the injection port may enable the addition of an adhesive to the biomass. The adhesive may help to "cure" or produce a denser biomass. Examples of adhesives include: cassava, corn, starch, glue, and water.

[0085] In many variations, the conveyor system 140 conveys the biomass out of the system. In some of these variations, the conveyor system 140 may also sort the output charcoal. In some variations, the conveyor system 140 may deposit the charcoal immersed in water immediately after the outlet, such that the solids exiting the biomass reactor fall into the water and no air can enter. In one example, the conveyor system 140 deposits the charcoal directly into water (in a container) where the level is exactly at the solid outlet so that the solids fall into the water. In another example, water is injected into the conveyor system 140 and thus immerses the charcoal before deposition.

[0086] The system may include a gas exchange system 150. The gas exchange system 150 is used to control the gas and air flow within the biomass reactor. The gas exchange system 150 may cooperate with the conveyor system 140 and the tilt variable module 160 to control the gas and air flow. The gas exchange system 150 may include at least one air vent 152, where the air vent enables gas exchange with the outside of the bioreactor; and an exhaust device 154 for releasing gas from the reactor. In some variations, the gas exchange system may include pipes connecting the air vent, the exhaust device, and the system chamber. The pipes may further be used to isolate or heat the chamber (e.g., the pipes may direct the exhaust gas around the reaction chamber 120 to heat the reaction chamber).

[0087] The gas exchange system 150 may include at least one air vent 152. The at least one air vent 152 enables passive gas exchange with the exterior of the biomass reactor. The at least one air vent 152 includes a first air vent positioned on the outlet chamber 120. The gas exchange system may include a plurality of air vents 152 located on the reaction chamber 110 and / or the outlet chamber 120. Depending on the implementation, the air vent 152 may be active (i.e., pumping air / gas into or out of the system) or passive (i.e., allowing passive air / gas to flow into or out of the system). In some variations, the air vent 152 may be "opened" to allow active flow, or "closed" to allow only passive flow. Additionally, the air vent may be "open" or "closed", where an open air vent enables gas exchange, while a closed air vent is sealed and does not allow gas exchange.

[0088] In some variations, the at least one air vent 152 further includes a second air vent positioned on the reaction chamber 110. Depending on the implementation, the second air vent 152 may be angled relative to the inclination of the reaction chamber 110. In some variations, the angle of the second air vent 152 may be changed as needed. In this way, the second air vent may be used to reduce the chimney effect. The second air vent 152 may enable active or passive air flow. In some variations, the secondary air vent 152 may use this positioning to reduce emissions and pollutants. That is, the secondary air vent 152 may be angled to reduce the positive air pressure in the reaction chamber 110, thus helping to control gas exchange. In some variations, the secondary air vent 152 may have an operating mode that automatically changes the inclination of the secondary air vent 152 to improve reactor function and / or reduce reactor emissions. For example, in a first secondary vent operating mode, the inclination of the secondary air vent 152 is increased or decreased. These changes may occur to: increase the chimney effect, provide more oxygen for mixing to improve combustion, the flue gas is too hot when coming out, or the biomass reactor emits billowing soot / black smoke.

[0089] The air vent 152 may be positioned within the biomass reactor as needed for each implementation. In some variations, the gas exchange system may include air vents 152 at different heights along the surface of the biomass reactor wall. The air vents 152 are at different heights. The passive air vents at different heights may be used as "test ports". In this way, the air vent may be a dedicated test port, or used as a test port when needed. The test port may be used to detect the neutral pressure plane (NPP) by detecting the direction of the air flow passing through the test port. As Figure 14As shown, the NPP can be determined by monitoring the test port, where the passive air flow will be guided outwards above the NPP and the passive air flow will be guided inwards below the NPP.

[0090] In some variations, the air vents 152 can be located near the hottest region in the reaction chamber 110. These air vents 152 can be used as an air curtain and are useful for incorporating a portion of the drying gas. In some variations, the air vents 152 acting as an air curtain can be positioned in pairs, opposite each other on the reaction chamber wall 110. Additionally, the air curtain effect can serve to increase the positive pressure within the reactor, thereby affecting the position of the NPP.

[0091] In some variations, the gas exchange system can include gas vents. The gas vents include inlets for incorporating specific gases into specific chambers of the biomass reactor (e.g., the outlet chamber gas vent, the reaction chamber gas vent). The gas vents can include passive or active input of gases into the system as required by the embodiment.

[0092] In one variation, the gas vent can be located near the biomass outlet. The gas vent can pump "dry" gas in a direction opposite to the conveyance direction of the calcined biomass. Preferably, the dry gas is an inert gas such as steam (which can be at a low temperature) or nitrogen. The dry gas can fill the char cooling section. In some variations, the dry gas can also be withdrawn at one or more outlets / air vents before reaching the reaction chamber 110. The dry gas can prevent the hot calcined biomass from reacting and can more effectively further cool the calcined biomass.

[0093] The gas exchange system 150 can include an exhaust device 154. The exhaust device is used to carry away the waste and / or exhaust gas generated by the operation of the biomass reactor. In many variations, the exhaust device 154 includes a flue for dissipating the gas. The flue can include one or more "chimney" bodies directly or connected to the bioreactor through a group of pipes. According to the embodiment, the flue can be connected to the reaction chamber 110 (as Figure 3 shown), or connected to the outlet chamber (as Figure 1 shown). Alternatively, the flue can also not be connected to either chamber, but have pipes connecting the flue to one or both chambers. In some variations, the flue can serve multiple purposes. For example, the flue can also be used as the biomass inlet 130 such that the biomass is input into the reactor via the flue.

[0094] The flue can have any desired height (i.e., flue length). The height of the flue (also referred to as flue length, flue height, flue body height) can depend on the bioreactor implementation. The flue length can be used to regulate the bioreactor temperature. In one variant, the flue length is approximately 0.1 - 1 times the height of the outlet chamber 120. In one variant, the flue length is approximately 2 - 3 times the height of the outlet chamber 120. In another variant, the flue length is approximately 3 - 4 times the height of the outlet chamber 120. In one variant, the flue length is approximately 4 - 5 times the height of the outlet chamber 120. In one variant, the flue length is approximately 5 - 6.5 times the height of the outlet chamber 120. As Figure 15 shown, in some variants, the flue includes an extensible element such that the flue length can vary. According to the implementation, the flue extension can be automatic (e.g., a servo motor can extend or retract the flue) or can be manually extended. The extension of the flue can occur dynamically during the operation of the bioreactor or when the bioreactor is "off". In one variant, the range of flue length variation can include from 1 / 4 of the height of the outlet chamber 120 to 4 times the height of the outlet chamber. In one variant, the range of flue length variation can include from 2 times the height of the outlet chamber 120 to 6.5 times the height of the outlet chamber 120. According to the implementation, the range of flue length variability can be different.

[0095] In some variants, the position of the flue can be changed. The change in the flue position can be used to extend the time for processing the biomass. For example, the movement of the end of the flue towards the reaction chamber 110 can increase the roasting time of the biomass and effectively "extend" the length of the reaction chamber 110. Additionally, the movement of the flue can change the air flow within the bioreactor. In some variants, the flue can be positioned on the outlet chamber 120, on the side closest to the reaction chamber 110 adjacent to the outlet chamber. In another variant, the flue is positioned on the outlet chamber 120, on the side farthest from the reaction chamber 110 of the outlet chamber. In another variant, the flue is positioned on the reaction chamber 110. In some variants, the flue includes an actuatable component such that the flue position can be changed along the biomass conveyance direction. As Figure 16 shown, in some implementations, the flue can be moved and positioned along the outlet chamber 120. In some implementations, the flue can be moved and positioned along the reaction chamber 110. In some implementations, the flue can be moved and positioned along the entire bioreactor (i.e., including both the reaction chamber 110 and the outlet chamber 120). Depending on the implementation, the movement of the flue can be done manually or mechanically (e.g., by the movement of a servo motor). Depending on the implementation, the movement of the flue can occur dynamically during the operation of the flue and / or when the bioreactor is not in use. The flue can additionally or alternatively have a mechanically adjustable setting to change the position and other flue conditions.

[0096] In some variations, the flue can have components that increase or decrease air resistance. Increasing the air resistance in the flue can be used to reduce the upward chimney effect. In some variations, the exhaust device can include interference vanes. In some embodiments, the interference vanes can be engaged or disengaged to reduce air resistance only when needed.

[0097] In some variations, the exhaust outlet can increase air resistance by including a coiled tube / pipe. The coiled tube can include twists and turns to increase air resistance. The coiled tube / pipe can additionally enable the tube to be wrapped around a component to provide insulation or heating. For example, in one embodiment, the exhaust duct can be wrapped around the reaction chamber 110 such that the hot exhaust heats the reaction chamber. Additionally or alternatively, for the coiled tube / pipe, air resistance can be increased by narrowing the pipe or outlet. The flue gas outlet can be narrowed to a choke point (e.g., the gas at the narrowest constriction reaches supersonic speed).

[0098] In some variations, the exhaust device can also have an "air curtain". The air curtain can include one or more air vents (configured to allow only air to enter) at a level above the hottest height in the reaction chamber 110. These air "inlets" can introduce additional air streams, whose speed is less than, equal to, or greater than the speed of the rising exhaust stream. The additional air can be introduced at an angle (e.g., vertically) to the exhaust stream. In some embodiments, these air inlets can preferably be set above the biomass bed level and inject air into the exhaust stream at an angle orthogonal to the vertical direction. Depending on the embodiment, these air inlets can include one or more pairs of inlets positioned 180 degrees apart for introducing counter jets.

[0099] In some variations, the system can include an inclination variable module 160. As Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, the inclination variable module 160 is used to change the height of the bioreactor component and / or position the bioreactor or bioreactor component at an inclination. The inclination variable module can include a support component capable of raising and lowering the bioreactor and bioreactor component. In one variation, the inclination variable module 160 includes one jack or multiple jacks positioned below the bioreactor to change the inclination angle of the outlet chamber 120. In another variation, the inclination variable module 160 includes a hydraulic mechanism (e.g., a hydraulic bed) positioned below and / or on the side of the bioreactor to change the inclination angle of the outlet chamber 120. In a third variation, the inclination variable module 160 includes a pulley system configured to raise or lower the bioreactor to change the inclination angle of the outlet chamber 120. In many variations, the inclination variable module is configured to operate in combination with other system components (especially the conveyor system 140 and the gas exchange system).

[0100] The tilt-variable module 160 can operate in conjunction with the conveyor system to improve biomass densification. As Figure 3 or Figure 4 shown, in some variations, the tilt-variable module can increase the slope of the bioreactor while moving the biomass along the conveyor system 140 via the pusher. The slope of the bioreactor is increased, particularly the slope between the outlet chamber 120 and the reaction chamber 110. Then, the slope of the tilt and the speed of the pusher can be used to set the level of biomass densification.

[0101] The tilt-variable module 160 can also operate in conjunction with the gas exchange system 150 to regulate and / or control the air / gas flow. As Figure 17 and Figure 18 shown, using the test port (or the temperature profile of the outlet chamber 120), the NPP can be adjusted relative to the bioreactor such that the desired air vent 152 allows the passive air flow to travel in the desired direction. Thus, the tilt-variable module 160 can have operating modes to set the tilt to the desired functional type. For example, in one embodiment, the tilt-variable module 160 includes a first neutral pressure plane operating mode such that in the first neutral pressure plane operating mode, the actuating member of the tilt-variable module dynamically changes the height of the outlet chamber 120 such that the air vent 152 on the outlet chamber is located above the neutral pressure plane. In a second embodiment, the tilt-variable module 160 includes a second neutral pressure plane operating mode such that in the second neutral pressure plane operating mode, wherein the actuating member of the tilt-variable module dynamically changes the height of the outlet chamber 120 such that the air vent 152 on the outlet chamber is located at approximately the same height as the neutral pressure plane. In a third embodiment, the tilt-variable module 160 includes a third neutral pressure plane operating mode, wherein the actuating member of the tilt-variable module dynamically changes the height of the outlet chamber 120 such that the air vent 152 on the outlet chamber is below the neutral pressure plane.

[0102] In one variant, the system may additionally include an electrical power system. The electrical power system is used to provide energy for the treatment of biomass. In many variants, the electrical power system provides initial net energy to initiate an energetically favorable reaction. Alternatively, the electrical power system may provide energy throughout the treatment. Additionally, the electrical power system may provide energy for other aspects of the system and system components (e.g., provide energy for heat generation for combustion, sensor operation, communication, processors, and actuation of system components). The electrical power system may be particularly useful for implementations in more remote areas where system components do not have "grid" energy access. The electrical power system may be specific and may include an energy storage reservoir (e.g., a battery), a generator, or both. The electrical power system may also include or integrate a power source, such as solar energy or other types of energy sources that can be used to supply additional energy for storage. In variants that include only a battery power system, the battery preferably has sufficient energy to initiate the bioreactor reaction. Once the bioreactor reaction has been initiated, in some variants, the reactor may use the energy released by the reaction to recharge the battery. Example electrical power systems include: a thermoelectric generator that uses the thermal gradient of the biomass reactor; a heat / steam engine that generates energy from the bioreactor exhaust; a wind turbine; or a wave generator that generates energy from waves. Additionally, the available energy stored in the electrical power system can be monitored and used to select a treatment mode.

[0103] In one variant, the system may further include a sensor system. The sensor system serves as a real-time monitor of the biomass environment. The biomass environment may include the interior of the bioreactor and the biomass itself. The sensor system may additionally or alternatively provide sensor data regarding the exterior of the bioreactor, the source location of the biomass, and any other desired sensor data.

[0104] The sensor system can include at least one sensor (i.e., a sensor sub-component). The sensor component is used to acquire sensor data specific to the sensor. Generally speaking, the sensor system monitors biomass. This monitoring preferably includes the time of processing the biomass. The sensor system can either provide information to the bioreactor to enable the proper operation of the bioreactor so as to correctly process the biomass, or provide information to other system components to enable proper operation in the control system components. In some variants, the sensor system can also provide information to external users as needed. Examples of possible sensors that the sensor can have include: camera sensors (e.g., digital film cameras), temperature sensors (e.g., thermometers), pressure sensors (e.g., barometers), sample extractors (e.g., for chemical analysis), humidity sensors (e.g., hygrometers), composition sensors (e.g., ultrasonic, spectrometers), and / or other suitable types of sensors. The type of sensor used preferably depends on the implementation, and more preferably depends on the specific bioreactor 110 and the type of biomass that the bioreactor can process.

[0105] In some variants, the system can include a control unit. The control unit can be used to monitor, synchronize, operate, and coordinate system components. The control unit can include any Turing-complete component (e.g., a microprocessor) capable of communicating with and acting together with the system. In many variants, the control unit can achieve complex processing of other system components by formulating the operating mode of the system. The control unit can be directly connected to other system components, but can alternatively be located at some other location. In some variants, the control unit 140 can be a processor on a certain network (e.g., a network cloud). Additionally, the control unit can implement interactions with human components such that a person can implement specific system activities through the control unit.

[0106] In some variants, the control unit can implement external control of the system. This can be done through a user interface (UI). Through the UI, the user can receive data (e.g., sensor system 120 data, general information online data, control unit data) from system components before and during bioreactor activities and issue commands to the system and / or system components. User control can include adding additional parameters, modifying control unit operations, adding new control unit operations (prioritizing low-carbon emission end products), and canceling current operations. Standard control unit operations can include: inputting the type of biomass, setting the end product, setting the air-gas flow direction, setting the biomass / carbon end product density / size (e.g., how small the biomass should be ground before or after processing).

[0107] Once the system is activated, the control unit can further interact with system components to achieve the desired processing. Examples of processing that the control unit can monitor and control include: biomass end-product processing, biomass densification, and setting air / gas flow. These processes can additionally include sub-processes. Examples of sub-processes can include: setting groups of air vents open / closed, setting groups of air vents for active / passive air flow, setting the pressure of the active air vents, tilting the secondary air vents at an angle relative to the system components, setting the flue length, setting the flue position, determining the neutral pressure plane (NPP), setting the tilt of the system components relative to the NPP, setting the conveyor system speed, and setting the tilt of the system components relative to biomass densification.

[0108] In some variations, the control unit can achieve biomass densification. In one example, given a biomass type and a desired end product, the control unit can: determine the biomass density (e.g., determine the biomass density from a sensor system by monitoring the gas exchange between the reaction chamber 110 and the outlet chamber 120), set the conveyor system 140 to convey the biomass at a desired rate, and activate the tilt-variable module 160 to raise the bioreactor or just the bioreactor chamber (e.g., the outlet chamber 120) to a tilted state to optimize biomass compression.

[0109] In some variations, the control unit can enable setting the bioreactor air / gas flow (e.g., setting the flow as co-current flow, counter-current flow, or cross-flow compared to the biomass conveying direction). In one example, given a desired cross-flow or a desired absence of passive flow, the control unit can first determine the neutral pressure plane (NPP) by: activating the test port air vents along the walls of the outlet chamber 120 and / or the reactor, and monitoring the direction of air flow through the test ports. Then, the control unit can activate the tilt-variable module to raise the outlet chamber 120 such that the first air vent 152 is approximately at the height of the NPP. In a second example, given a desired co-current flow and given a desired biomass density and end product, the control unit can first achieve biomass densification as described above, thus setting the outlet chamber 120 to a tilted state. Then, the control unit can determine the NPP at the current system tilt. Once the NPP has been determined, the control unit can open the passive air vents below the NPP to achieve co-current flow air movement.

[0110] In some variations, the control unit can set the end product, where the control unit can formulate an appropriate operating mode to produce the end product. The control unit can receive information from the sensor system and external components (e.g., the user). Then, the control unit can utilize the received information (e.g., the input biomass, biomass quality, desired end product, etc.) to activate the appropriate operating mode(s) to produce the end product. In one example, given an input biomass (e.g., coconut shells) and a desired end product (charcoal), the control unit can activate the reaction chamber 110 to formulate an appropriate operating mode (i.e., process) to process the biomass into the end product. Additionally, the control unit can extend or retract the flue and reposition the flue to match the incorporated process. In variations where the optimal biomass density or desired flow is not given, the control unit can additionally determine the optimal biomass density and the optimal air flow direction. These "optimal" values can be pre-entered values, extracted from external sources, and / or determined by the control unit through machine learning or implemented optimization processes.

[0111] In some variations, the system can be particularly suitable for the production of carbon fiber end products. As part of the carbon fiber end product, the biomass reactor can incorporate a broader input than just biomass. For example, in some variations, in addition to biomass, the biomass reactor can process plastics, PAN, and / or other carbon fiber precursors. As Figure 19 and Figure 20 shown, in these variations, the system can further include a combustion chamber, or incorporate the combustion chamber within the reaction chamber 110; and a separator / scrubber. This alternative variation can be used with the above-described system or be configured for use with any suitable type of reactor system.

[0112] The combustion chamber can be used to initiate a carbonization reaction with high-temperature combustion (e.g., around 1000°C). The combustion chamber can include a spark ignition device. In some variations, the exhaust gas from the reaction chamber 110 can flow through the combustion chamber and then circulate around the reaction chamber to heat the reaction chamber. The exhaust gas in the combustion chamber can be mixed with an oxygen-containing gas (e.g., air) to combust the mixture, thereby generating heat that can be used to support the thermochemical process. This reduces the total external energy required to supply heat to the thermochemical steps, and in some cases, can even make these steps self-heating, meaning they will not require any external energy to sustain or batch-wise maintain themselves.

[0113] Once the exhaust gas is combusted, the hot post-combustion flue gas can exchange heat with the thermochemical reaction chamber 110. In one variation, the hot flue gas can exchange heat with the reaction chamber 110 through the wall (e.g., conduction), as Figure 20As shown. Depending on the needs of the embodiment, this heat exchange can be combined in many different ways, such as: heat-conducting shells, tubes, pipes, evaporators, condensers, etc. In a second variant, the flue gas can exchange heat with the reaction chamber 110, directly with the reactants, such as Figure 19 as shown (e.g., reactive polyacrylonitrile fibers or other reaction intermediates (such as, graphitized matrix)). In a third variant, the flue gas can exchange heat with the reaction chamber 110 by radiation.

[0114] such as Figure 20 as shown, the exhaust gas can be directed to a combustion chamber where the exhaust gas is mixed with air and an oxygen-containing gas (such as, air) and burned. A spark ignition device can be inserted into the chamber to ensure stable combustion. One or more gas and temperature sensors (e.g., thermocouples or thermistors) can be inserted into, before, after, or above the inner or outer surface of the combustion chamber to monitor the temperature of the gas mixture and the flue gas after combustion. Then, the flue gas after combustion can pass through a passage that surrounds one or more thermochemical reaction chambers separated by a wall (e.g., a thin metal wall, such as stainless steel) externally, internally, or both externally and internally. Then, the wall can allow heat to enter the thermochemical reaction chamber(s) to sustain the thermochemical reaction.

[0115] Alternatively, as Figure 19 shown, once the exhaust gas is released within the thermochemical reaction chamber(s) 110, it can be mixed with a certain amount of oxygen-containing air (e.g., in a stoichiometric ratio) and burned in the same reaction chamber. This produces hot flue gas after combustion, which immediately exchanges heat with the reactants (such as, reactive polyacrylonitrile fibers) to support the thermochemical treatment step (e.g., oxidation / stabilization or subsequent carbonization). In steps that require inert conditions (such as, the carbonization step). The reaction kinetics of the exhaust gas oxidation can remain fast enough such that the resulting combustion products will still be able to maintain a substantially inert environment.

[0116] For radiative heat transfer, a setup similar to that described for "through-wall" heat exchange can be implemented, but the wall is heated to a high enough temperature such that it radiates into the thermochemical reaction chamber and transfers heat to the reactive carbon-based substrate.

[0117] 4. System Architecture

[0118] The systems and methods of the embodiments can be at least partially implemented and / or embodied as a machine configured to receive a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions. These instructions can be executed by computer-executable components integrated with the hardware / firmware / software elements of an application, applet, host, server, network, website, communication service, communication interface, user computer or mobile device, wristband, smart phone, or any suitable combination thereof. Other systems and methods of the embodiments can be at least partially embodied and / or implemented as a machine configured to receive a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable instructions. These instructions can be executed by computer-executable components integrated with the types of devices and networks described above. The computer-readable medium can be stored on any suitable computer-readable medium, such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, EEPROM, optical device (CD or DVD), hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, or any suitable device. The computer-executable component can be a processor, but any suitable dedicated hardware device can (alternatively or additionally) execute these instructions.

[0119] In one variant, a system includes one or more computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors, cause a computing platform to perform operations including those of the systems or methods described herein, such as: processing biomass; densifying the biomass; and setting an air / gas flow.

[0120] Similarly, in other variants, a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions that, when executed by one or more computer processors of a computing platform, cause the computing platform to perform the operations of the systems or methods described herein, such as: processing biomass; densifying the biomass; and setting an air / gas flow.

[0121] Figure 21 is an exemplary computer architecture diagram of an implementation of the system. In some implementations, the system is implemented in multiple devices communicating via a communication channel and / or network. In some implementations, the elements of the system are implemented in multiple separate computing devices. In some implementations, two or more of these system elements are implemented in the same device. The system and a part of the system can be integrated into a computing device or system that can be used as or within the system.

[0122] Communication channel 1001 is connected to processors 1002A - 1002N, a memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM)) 1003, a read-only memory (ROM) 1004, a processor-readable storage medium 1005, a display device 1006, a user input device 1007, and a network device 1008. As shown, the computer infrastructure can be used to connect a reaction chamber 1101, an exit chamber 1102, a biomass inlet 1103, a conveyor system 1104, a gas exchange system 1105, an inclination variable module 1106, a sensor system 1107, a control unit 1108, and / or other suitable computing devices.

[0123] Processors 1002A - 1002N can take various forms, such as a CPU (central processing unit), a GPU (graphics processing unit), a microprocessor, an ML / DL (machine learning / deep learning) processing unit (such as a tensor processing unit), an FPGA (field programmable gate array), a custom processor, and / or any suitable type of processor.

[0124] Processors 1002A - 1002N and the main memory 1003 (or some sub-combination) can form a processing unit 1010. In some embodiments, the processing unit includes one or more processors that are communicatively coupled to one or more of the RAM, ROM, and machine-readable storage medium; the one or more processors of the processing unit receive instructions stored by one or more of the RAM, ROM, and machine-readable storage medium via a bus; and the one or more processors execute the received instructions. In some embodiments, the processing unit is an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit). In some embodiments, the processing unit is a SoC (system-on-chip). In some embodiments, the processing unit includes one or more elements of the elements of the system.

[0125] Network device 1008 can provide one or more wired or wireless interfaces for exchanging data and commands between the system and / or other devices (such as devices of an external system). Such wired and wireless interfaces include, for example, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a Bluetooth interface, a Wi-Fi interface, an Ethernet interface, a near field communication (NFC) interface, etc.

[0126] Computer and / or machine-readable executable instructions including software programs (such as an operating system, application programs, and device drivers) can be stored in the memory 1003 from the processor-readable storage medium 1005, ROM 1004, or any other storage system.

[0127] When executed by one or more computer processors, the corresponding machine-executable instructions can be accessed by at least one of the processors 1002A - 1002N (of the processing unit 1010) via the communication channel 1001 and then executed by at least one of the processors 1001A - 1001N. Data, databases, data records, or other stored forms of data created or used by the software program can also be stored in the memory 1003, and such data is accessed by at least one of the processors 1002A - 1002N during the execution of the machine-executable instructions of the software program.

[0128] The processor-readable storage medium 1005 is one (or a combination of two or more) of a hard disk drive, a flash drive, a DVD, a CD, an optical disk, a floppy disk, a flash memory, a solid-state drive, a ROM, an EEPROM, an electronic circuit, a semiconductor memory device, etc. The processor-readable storage medium 1005 can include an operating system, software programs, device drivers, and / or other suitable subsystems or software.

[0129] As used herein, first, second, third, etc. are used to characterize and distinguish different elements, components, regions, layers, and / or parts. These elements, components, regions, layers, and / or parts should not be limited by these terms. The use of numerical terms can be used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, and / or part from another element, component, region, layer, and / or part. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the use of such numerical terms does not imply an order or sequence. These numerical designations can be used interchangeably without departing from the teachings of the embodiments and variations herein.

[0130] As those skilled in the art will recognize from the foregoing detailed description and these drawings and claims, modifications and variations can be made to these embodiments of the invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A system for a multi-chamber biomass reactor, the system comprising: A reaction chamber configured such that biomass can undergo pyrolysis within the reaction chamber; An outlet chamber adjacent to and connected to the reaction chamber; A biomass inlet including an area for inputting biomass into the biomass reactor; A conveyor system including components for actuating the biomass to pass through the biomass reactor from the biomass inlet, through the reaction chamber, and through the outlet chamber; And A gas exchange system for controlling the gas flow within the biomass reactor, the gas exchange system comprising: At least one air vent including a first air vent positioned on the outlet chamber, and An exhaust device including an air inlet disposed above the biomass bed level, and the air inlet is configured to inject air into the exhaust stream in a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein The biomass reactor includes a volume between 1 - 10 m 3 in size.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein The biomass reactor includes a volume between 0.5 - 1 m 3 in size.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein The conveyor system includes a mechanism for non-uniformly actuating the biomass along a defined actuation path such that the biomass can be compressed near the area where the reaction chamber and the outlet chamber are connected.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein, The conveyor system sufficiently compresses the biomass such that the biomass restricts the air flow between the reaction chamber and the outlet chamber.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein The conveyor system includes a variable pitch auger.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein The exhaust device includes a flue through which gas can flow out of the biomass reactor.

8. The system according to claim 7, wherein, The biomass inlet further includes the flue, and wherein the flue is at least partially located above the reaction chamber such that the biomass is incorporated into the biomass reactor from the flue and the air flow can be discharged from the biomass reactor through the flue.

9. The system according to claim 7, wherein, The length of the flue is 2 - 6.5 times the height of the outlet chamber.

10. The system according to claim 9, wherein, The length of the flue is 2 - 3 times the height of the outlet chamber.

11. The system according to claim 9, wherein, The length of the flue is 3 - 4 times the height of the outlet chamber.

12. The system according to claim 9, wherein, The length of the flue is 4 - 5 times the height of the outlet chamber.

13. The system according to claim 7, wherein, The flue includes an extensible element such that the length of the flue can vary.

14. The system according to claim 13, wherein, The range of the change in the flue length of the extensible element of the flue can include a range from 2 times the height of the outlet chamber to 6.5 times the height of the outlet chamber.

15. The system according to claim 7, wherein, The flue is positioned on the outlet chamber, near the side of the outlet chamber adjacent to the reaction chamber.

16. The system according to claim 7, wherein, The flue is positioned on the outlet chamber, near the side of the outlet chamber farthest from the reaction chamber.

17. The system according to claim 7, wherein, The flue includes an actuatable component such that the position of the flue can be changed along the biomass conveying direction.

18. The system according to claim 17, wherein, The flue can be moved and positioned along the outlet chamber.

19. The system according to claim 18, wherein, The flue can be moved and positioned along the reaction chamber.

20. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one air vent includes a second air vent positioned on the reaction chamber.

21. The system according to claim 20, wherein, The second air vent is angled relative to the inclination of the reaction chamber.

22. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The outlet chamber is inclined such that the first air vent is raised above the neutral pressure plane, enabling gas to flow out of the outlet chamber via the first air vent.

23. The system according to claim 1, wherein The outlet chamber is inclined such that the first air vent is close to the neutral pressure plane, thereby preventing gas from flowing into or out of the outlet chamber via the first air vent.

24. The system according to claim 1, wherein The outlet chamber is inclined and positioned such that the first air vent is below the neutral pressure plane, enabling gas to flow into the outlet chamber via the first air vent.

25. The system according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one air vent includes a plurality of air vents located at different heights along the outlet chamber, enabling detection of the neutral pressure plane.

26. The system according to claim 25, the system further comprising a tilt variable module, wherein, The inclination variable module includes actuating components that change the height of the outlet chamber compared to its initial placement relative to the biomass reactor.

27. The system according to claim 26, wherein, The actuating components of the inclination variable module further change the height of the reaction chamber.

28. The system according to claim 27, wherein, The actuating components of the inclination variable module include jacks that change the inclination angle of the outlet chamber.

29. The system according to claim 27, wherein, The actuating components of the inclination variable module include a hydraulic mechanism that changes the inclination angle of the outlet chamber.

30. The system according to claim 27, wherein, The actuating components of the inclination variable module include a pulley system that changes the inclination angle of the outlet chamber.

31. The system according to claim 27, wherein, The inclination variable module includes a first neutral pressure plane operation mode such that, in the first neutral pressure plane operation mode, the actuating components of the inclination variable module dynamically change the height of the outlet chamber such that the air vents on the outlet chamber are above the neutral pressure plane.

32. The system according to claim 31, wherein, The inclination variable module includes a second neutral pressure plane operation mode such that, in the second neutral pressure plane operation mode, the actuating components of the inclination variable module dynamically change the height of the outlet chamber such that the air vents on the outlet chamber are at approximately the same height as the neutral pressure plane.

33. The system according to claim 32, wherein, The inclination variable module includes a third neutral pressure plane operation mode such that, in the third neutral pressure plane operation mode, the actuating components of the inclination variable module dynamically change the height of the outlet chamber such that the air vents on the outlet chamber are below the neutral pressure plane.

34. The system according to claim 1, the system further comprising a combustion chamber connected to and adjacent to the reaction chamber.

35. The system according to claim 34, wherein The combustion chamber contains a spark ignition device, and wherein, in the biomass treatment operation mode, flue gas and oxygen are pumped from the reaction chamber into the combustion chamber and ignited.

36. The system according to claim 35, wherein The ignited flue gas is pumped around the reaction chamber.

37. The system according to claim 36, wherein The system further includes a carbon fiber output biomass treatment operation mode, wherein, in the carbon fiber output biomass treatment operation mode, the ignited flue gas is pumped around the reaction chamber to overheat the reaction chamber.

38. The system according to claim 1, the system further comprising an electrical system for providing energy for the functionality of system components.

39. A system for a multi-chamber biomass reactor, the system comprising: A reaction chamber configured such that biomass can be pyrolyzed within the reaction chamber; An outlet chamber adjacent to and connected to the reaction chamber; A biomass inlet including an area for inputting biomass into the biomass reactor; A conveyor system including components for actuating the biomass to pass through the biomass reactor from the biomass inlet through the reaction chamber and through the outlet chamber, wherein the conveyor system includes a variable pitch auger that both actuates and compresses the biomass; and A gas exchange system that controls the gas flow within the biomass reactor, the gas exchange system comprising: At least one air vent, the at least one air vent including a first air vent positioned on the outlet chamber, and An exhaust device, the exhaust device including an air inlet disposed above the biomass bed level, and the air inlet being configured to inject air into the exhaust stream in a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction.

40. The system according to claim 39, wherein The biomass reactor includes a volume between 1 - 10 m 3 between them.

41. The system according to claim 39, wherein, The biomass reactor includes a volume between 0.5 - 1 m 3 in volume.

42. The system according to claim 39, wherein The variable pitch auger has a set pitch such that actuation of the variable pitch auger enables compression of the biomass near the region where the reaction chamber and the outlet chamber are connected.

43. The system according to claim 39, wherein, The exhaust device includes a flue that enables gases to flow out of the biomass reactor.

44. The system according to claim 43, wherein, The biomass inlet further includes the flue, wherein the flue is at least partially located above the reaction chamber such that the biomass can be incorporated into the biomass reactor from the flue and the exhaust stream can leave the biomass reactor from the flue.

45. The system according to claim 43, wherein, The length of the flue is 2 - 6.5 times the height of the outlet chamber.

46. The system according to claim 45, wherein, The length of the flue is 2 - 3 times the height of the outlet chamber.

47. The system according to claim 45, wherein, The length of the flue is 3 - 4 times the height of the outlet chamber.

48. The system according to claim 45, wherein, The length of the flue is 4 - 5 times the height of the outlet chamber.

49. The system according to claim 45, wherein, The length of the flue is 5 - 6.5 times the height of the outlet chamber.

50. The system according to claim 43, wherein The flue includes an extensible element such that the length of the flue can vary.

51. The system according to claim 50, wherein, The range of variation in the flue length of the extensible element of the flue can include a range from 2 times the height of the outlet chamber to 6.5 times the height of the outlet chamber.

52. The system according to claim 43, wherein The flu is positioned on the outlet chamber, near the side of the outlet chamber adjacent to the reaction chamber.

53. The system according to claim 43, wherein, The flue is positioned on the outlet chamber, near the side of the outlet chamber farthest from the reaction chamber.

54. The system according to claim 43, wherein The flue includes an actuatable component such that the position of the flue can be changed along the biomass conveying direction.

55. The system according to claim 54, wherein, The flue can be moved and positioned along the outlet chamber.

56. The system according to claim 55, wherein, The flue can be moved and positioned along the reaction chamber.

57. The system according to claim 39, wherein, The at least one air vent includes a second air vent positioned on the reaction chamber.

58. The system according to claim 57, wherein, The second air vent is angled relative to the inclination of the reaction chamber.

59. The system according to claim 39, wherein The outlet chamber is inclined such that the first air vent is raised above the neutral pressure plane, thereby enabling gases to flow out of the outlet chamber via the first air vent.

60. The system according to claim 39, wherein, The outlet chamber is inclined such that the first air vent is near the neutral pressure plane, thereby preventing gases from flowing into or out of the outlet chamber via the first air vent.

61. The system according to claim 39, wherein The outlet chamber is inclined such that the first air vent is below the neutral pressure plane, thereby enabling gases to flow into the outlet chamber via the first air vent.

62. The system according to claim 39, wherein The at least one air vent includes a plurality of air vents located at different heights along the outlet chamber such that the neutral pressure plane can be detected.

63. The system according to claim 62, the system further comprising a variable inclination module, wherein, The variable inclination module includes actuating components that change the height of the outlet chamber compared to the initial placement of the biomass reactor.

64. The system according to claim 63, wherein, The actuating components of the variable inclination module further change the height of the reaction chamber.

65. The system according to claim 64, wherein, The actuating components of the variable inclination module include jacks that change the inclination angle of the outlet chamber.

66. The system according to claim 64, wherein, The actuating component of the tilt-variable module includes a hydraulic mechanism that changes the tilt angle of the outlet chamber.

67. The system according to claim 64, wherein, The actuating component of the tilt-variable module includes a pulley system that changes the tilt angle of the outlet chamber.

68. The system according to claim 64, wherein, The tilt-variable module includes a first neutral pressure plane operation mode such that, in the first neutral pressure plane operation mode, the actuating component of the tilt-variable module dynamically changes the height of the outlet chamber such that the air vent on the outlet chamber is above the neutral pressure plane.

69. The system according to claim 68, wherein, The tilt-variable module includes a second neutral pressure plane operation mode such that, in the second neutral pressure plane operation mode, the actuating component of the tilt-variable module dynamically changes the height of the outlet chamber such that the air vent on the outlet chamber is at approximately the same height as the neutral pressure plane.

70. The system according to claim 69, wherein, The tilt-variable module includes a third neutral pressure plane operation mode such that, in the third neutral pressure plane operation mode, the actuating component of the tilt-variable module dynamically changes the height of the outlet chamber such that the air vent on the outlet chamber is below the neutral pressure plane.

71. The system according to claim 39, the system further comprising a combustion chamber connected to and adjacent to the reaction chamber.

72. The system according to claim 71, wherein, The combustion chamber contains a spark ignition device, and wherein, in the biomass processing operation mode, flue gas and oxygen are pumped from the reaction into the combustion chamber and ignited.

73. The system according to claim 72, wherein, The ignited flue gas is pumped around the reaction chamber.

74. The system according to claim 73, wherein, The system further includes a carbon fiber output biomass processing operation mode, wherein, in the carbon fiber output biomass processing operation mode, the ignited flue gas is pumped around the reaction chamber to overheat the reaction chamber.

75. The system according to claim 39, the system further comprising an electrical system for energizing system components functionally.

76. A system for a multi-chamber biomass reactor, the system comprising: A reaction chamber configured such that biomass can be pyrolyzed within the reaction chamber; An outlet chamber adjacent to and connected to the reaction chamber; A biomass inlet including an area for inputting biomass into the biomass reactor; A conveyor system including components for actuating the biomass to pass through the biomass reactor from the biomass inlet through the reaction chamber and through the outlet chamber; And A gas exchange system that controls the gas flow within the biomass reactor, the gas exchange system including: At least one air vent including a first air vent positioned on the outlet chamber, An exhaust device including an air inlet disposed above the biomass bed horizontal plane, and the air inlet being configured to inject air into the exhaust stream in a direction orthogonal to the vertical direction; And A tilt-variable module including actuating components that can change the height of the outlet chamber compared to the current placement of the biomass reactor.

77. The system according to claim 76, wherein, The biomass reactor includes a volume between 1 - 10 m 3 in size.

78. The system according to claim 76, wherein, The biomass reactor includes a volume between 0.5 - 1 m 3 in size.

79. The system according to claim 76, wherein, The conveyor system includes a mechanism for non-uniformly actuating the biomass along a defined actuation path such that the biomass can be compressed near the region where the reaction chamber and the outlet chamber are connected.

80. The system according to claim 79, wherein, The conveyor system sufficiently compresses the biomass such that the biomass restricts the air flow between the reaction chamber and the outlet chamber.

81. The system according to claim 80, wherein, The conveyor system includes a variable pitch auger.

82. The system according to claim 79, wherein, The exhaust device includes a flue that enables gases to flow out of the biomass reactor.

83. The system according to claim 82, wherein, The biomass inlet further includes the flue, wherein the flue is at least partially located above the reaction chamber such that the biomass is incorporated into the biomass reactor from the flue and the exhaust flow can leave the biomass reactor from the flue.

84. The system according to claim 82, wherein, The length of the flue is 2 - 6.5 times the height of the outlet chamber.

85. The system according to claim 84, wherein, The length of the flue is 2 - 3 times the height of the outlet chamber.

86. The system according to claim 84, wherein, The length of the flue is 3 - 4 times the height of the outlet chamber.

87. The system according to claim 84, wherein, The length of the flue is 4 - 5 times the height of the outlet chamber.

88. The system according to claim 84, wherein, The length of the flue is 5 - 6.5 times the height of the outlet chamber.

89. The system according to claim 82, wherein, The flue includes an extensible element such that the length of the flue can vary.

90. The system according to claim 89, wherein, The range of variation in the flue length of the extensible element of the flue can include a range from 2 times the height of the outlet chamber to 6.5 times the height of the outlet chamber.

91. The system according to claim 82, wherein, The flu is positioned on the outlet chamber, near the side of the outlet chamber adjacent to the reaction chamber.

92. The system according to claim 82, wherein, The flue is positioned on the outlet chamber, near the side of the outlet chamber farthest from the reaction chamber.

93. The system according to claim 82, wherein, The flue includes an actuatable component such that the position of the flue can be changed along the biomass conveying direction.

94. The system according to claim 93, wherein, The flue can be moved and positioned along the outlet chamber.

95. The system according to claim 94, wherein, The flue can be moved and positioned along the reaction chamber.

96. The system according to claim 76, wherein, The at least one air vent includes a second air vent positioned on the reaction chamber.

97. The system according to claim 96, wherein, The second air vent is angled relative to the inclination of the reaction chamber.

98. The system according to claim 76, wherein, By the action of the variable inclination module, the outlet chamber is inclined such that the first air vent is raised above the neutral pressure plane, thereby enabling gases to flow out of the outlet chamber via the first air vent.

99. The system according to claim 76, wherein, By the action of the variable inclination module, the outlet chamber is inclined such that the first air vent is near the neutral pressure plane, thereby preventing gases from flowing into or out of the outlet chamber via the first air vent.

100. The system according to claim 76, wherein, By the action of the variable inclination module, the outlet chamber is inclined such that the first air vent is below the neutral pressure plane, thereby enabling gases to flow into the outlet chamber via the first air vent.

101. The system according to claim 76, wherein, The at least one air vent includes a plurality of air vents located at different heights along the outlet chamber such that the neutral pressure plane can be detected.

102. The system according to claim 76, wherein The actuating component of the variable inclination module further changes the height of the reaction chamber.

103. The system according to claim 102, wherein, The actuating component of the variable inclination module includes a jack for changing the inclination angle of the outlet chamber.

104. The system according to claim 102, wherein, The actuating component of the variable inclination module includes a hydraulic mechanism for changing the inclination angle of the outlet chamber.

105. The system according to claim 102, wherein, The actuating component of the variable inclination module includes a pulley system for changing the inclination angle of the outlet chamber.

106. The system according to claim 102, wherein The tilt-variable module includes a first neutral pressure surface operation mode such that in this first neutral pressure surface operation mode, the actuating component of the tilt-variable module dynamically changes the height of the outlet chamber so that the air vent on the outlet chamber is located above the neutral pressure surface.

107. The system according to claim 106, wherein, The tilt-variable module includes a second neutral pressure surface operation mode such that in this second neutral pressure surface operation mode, the actuating component of the tilt-variable module dynamically changes the height of the outlet chamber so that the air vent on the outlet chamber is located at approximately the same height as the neutral pressure surface.

108. The system according to claim 107, wherein, The tilt-variable module includes a third neutral pressure surface operation mode such that in this third neutral pressure surface operation mode, the actuating component of the tilt-variable module dynamically changes the height of the outlet chamber so that the air vent on the outlet chamber is below the neutral pressure surface.

109. The system according to claim 76, the system further comprising a combustion chamber connected to and adjacent to the reaction chamber.

110. The system according to claim 109, wherein, The combustion chamber contains a spark ignition device, and wherein, in the biomass processing operation mode, flue gas and oxygen are pumped from the reaction into the combustion chamber and ignited.

111. The system according to claim 110, wherein, The ignited flue gas is pumped around the reaction chamber.

112. The system according to claim 111, wherein, The system further includes a carbon fiber output biomass processing operation mode, wherein in this carbon fiber output biomass processing operation mode, the ignited flue gas is pumped around the reaction chamber to overheat the reaction chamber.

113. The system according to claim 76, the system further comprising a power system for providing energy for the functionality of system components.

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