Peak Reduction Tone Distribution Technology

Abstract

The transmitting device communicates an indication of applying PAPR reduction to the data transmission with the receiving device. The transmitting device applies a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission to reduce at least one signal peak of the data transmission to generate a transmission signal, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first PRT set that does not overlap with the data tone, and the second PAPR reduction includes a second PRT set that overlaps with the data tone and does not overlap with the reserved tone. The transmitting device transmits the transmission signal to the receiving device.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 031,478, filed on May 28, 2020, entitled “PEAK REDUCTION TONE ALLOCATION TECHNIQUES,” and U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 331,605, filed on May 26, 2021, entitled “PEAK REDUCTION TONE ALLOCATION TECHNIQUES,” both of which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. This application also relates to U.S. Application No. 17 / 331,612, filed on May 26, 2021, entitled “PEAK REDUCTION TONE ALLOCATION TECHNIQUES,” which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to wireless communications utilizing peak-reduced tone allocation. Some embodiments implement and provide techniques for managing and / or reducing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) to facilitate efficient system operation (e.g., non-saturated power amplifier operation) and / or resource usage (e.g., using tone selection for opportunistic transmissions and quality communications).

[0004] introduction

[0005] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcast. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0006] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless devices to communicate at city, country, region, and even global levels. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is a part of the continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5GNR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communication (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communication (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR can be based on 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standards. There is a need for further improvements to 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.

[0007] Brief Overview

[0008] A brief summary of one or more aspects is given below to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an exhaustive overview of all conceived aspects, and is neither intended to identify the key or critical elements of all aspects nor to define the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description that will be presented later.

[0009] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus for wireless communication are provided. In some aspects, wireless communication may be performed at a transmitting device (e.g., a user equipment, a network node, or a network equipment). The transmitting device may be configured to communicate with a receiving device an indication of a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction applied to data transmission. The transmitting device may be configured to apply a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal to data transmission to reduce at least one signal peak of the data transmission to generate a transmission signal, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first PRT set that does not overlap with the data tone, and the second PAPR reduction includes a second PRT set that overlaps with the data tone and does not overlap with the reserved tone. Then, the transmitting device may be configured to transmit the transmission signal to the receiving device.

[0010] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus for wireless communication are provided. In some aspects, wireless communication may be performed at a transmitting device (e.g., a user equipment, a network node, or a network equipment). The transmitting device may be configured to generate a first PAPR reduction signal from a first peak reduction tone (PRT) set within a plurality of tones, wherein the plurality of tones further include one or more reserved tones and the first PRT set does not overlap with the data tones in the plurality of tones. The transmitting device may be configured to generate a second PAPR reduction signal from a second PRT set within the plurality of tones, wherein at least a portion of the second PRT set overlaps with the data tones, and the second PRT set does not overlap with the reserved tones in the plurality of tones. The transmitting device may then be configured to apply the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to data transmission, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission is reduced by the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal. The transmitting device may then send the data transmission to the receiving device.

[0011] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, computer-readable medium, and apparatus for wireless communication are provided. In some aspects, wireless communication may be performed at a receiving device (e.g., a user equipment, a network node, or a network equipment). The receiving device may be configured to receive a data transmission from a transmitting device, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission is reduced by a combination of a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal at the transmitting device, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first PRT set within a plurality of frequency tones, and the plurality of frequency tones further include one or more data frequency tones, and the first PRT set does not overlap with the one or more data frequency tones, and wherein the second PAPR reduction signal includes a second PRT set within the plurality of frequency tones, and at least a portion of the second PRT set overlaps with the one or more data frequency tones and the second PRT set does not overlap with the first PRT set. The receiving device may be configured to identify the position, amplitude, and phase of at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced based on the position of the first PRT set or the second PRT set or the one or more data frequency tones or a combination thereof. Additionally, the recipient device may be configured to regenerate at least a portion of the at least one signal peak that was reduced for the data transmission based at least in part on the identified position, amplitude, and phase of the at least one signal peak that was reduced for the data transmission.

[0012] To achieve the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects include the features fully described below and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. However, these features are merely indicative of several of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to cover all such aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2A , 2B , 2C, and 2D are diagrams illustrating examples of a first 5G / NR frame, a DL channel within a 5G / NR subframe, a second 5G / NR frame, and a UL channel within a 5G / NR subframe, respectively, according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a relationship between an input signal and an output signal of a power amplifier according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of operating a power amplifier at an average input power in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0019] Fig. 6A and 6B is a diagram illustrating examples of different input backoff settings according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 7 is a diagram illustrating example tone distributions showing peak reduction tones and data tones in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of time domain data according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a time-domain kernel in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0023] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating an example of cyclic shift and alignment based on an SCR-TR algorithm according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0024] Fig.11 is a diagram illustrating an example of cyclic shift and alignment based on an SCR-TR algorithm according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0025] Fig.12 is a diagram of example waveforms illustrating contiguously selected PRTs in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0026] Fig.13is a diagram illustrating example waveforms for uniformly selecting PRTs in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0027] Fig.14 is a diagram illustrating example waveforms of randomly selected PRTs in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0028] Fig.15 is a diagram illustrating example ideal waveforms in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0029] Fig.16 is a diagram illustrating an example of positioning a PRT for two cores in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0030] Fig.17 is a diagram illustrating an example waveform generated by Kernel 1 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0031] Fig.18 is a diagram illustrating example waveforms generated by core 2 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0032] Fig.19 is a diagram illustrating example signal peak reduction involving core 1 and / or core 2 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0033] Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating example signal peak reduction involving a linear combination of Kernel 1 and Kernel 2 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0034] Fig.21 is a diagram illustrating an example of a received signal observed at a receiving device in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0035] Fig. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of a regenerated signal at a receiving device according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0036] Fig.23 is a diagram illustrating an example of signal regeneration at a receiving device according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0037] Fig.24A , 24B 24C are diagrams illustrating example EVMs according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0038] Fig.25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a PRT table according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0039] Fig.26A and 26B is a diagram illustrating example MCSs for Core 1 and Core 2 in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0040] Fig. 27 An example communication flow between a transmitting device and a receiving device according to various aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated.

[0041] Fig.28 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0042] Fig.29 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example device according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0043] Fig.30 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0044] Fig.31 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example device according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0045] Detailed Description

[0046] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. This detailed description includes specific details to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid diluting such concepts.

[0047] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0048] As an example, an element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a "processing system" including one or more processors. Examples of processors include: microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gating logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system may execute software. Software should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether it is described in software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or other terms.

[0049] Accordingly, in one or more example embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, each function may be stored or encoded on a computer-readable medium as one or more instructions or codes. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer. As an example and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-accessible instructions or data structure forms of computer executable code.

[0050] Although various aspects are described in this application by explanation of some examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that additional implementations and use cases can be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The innovation described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, each implementation and / or use can be generated via an integrated chip implementation and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / shopping equipment, medical equipment, devices that enable artificial intelligence (AI), etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically for each use case or application, the wide applicability of the described innovation may occur. The scope of each implementation can range from chip-level or module components to non-module, non-chip-level implementations, and further to the aggregation, distributed or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) equipment or system incorporating one or more aspects of the described innovation. In some actual environments, the equipment incorporating the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include several components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components, including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The innovations described herein are intended to be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0051] The techniques discussed herein are generally related to communication scenarios involving frequency-tone reservation and / or selection that take into account operating conditions. The various aspects presented herein can improve the efficiency and performance of frequency-tone reservation PAPR reduction techniques by allocating PRTs based at least in part on an optimal Golomb scale. Additionally and / or alternatively, the various aspects presented herein can enable a transmitting device to use one or more cores to generate one or more peak elimination signals to reduce the PAPR of a transmission. In addition, the various aspects presented herein can enable a receiving device to regenerate one or more peaks eliminated by a transmitting device to improve the SNR of a transmission.

[0052] Figure 1 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network 100. Although the following examples may use UE 104 to illustrate a transmitting device and base station 102 to illustrate a receiving device, UE 104 may also be a receiving device and base station 102 may also be a transmitting device. For the purpose of illustration, for the following examples, UE 104 may be a transmitting device and base station 102 may be a receiving device.

[0053] In certain aspects, the UE 104 may include a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction component 198 configured to generate one or more peak cancellation signals, wherein the one or more peak cancellation signals may be generated from different cores. PAPR may represent the ratio of the maximum peak of a waveform to the square root of the average power of the waveform. The first core may allocate a PRT on a reserved frequency tone in a plurality of frequency tones, and the second core may allocate a PRT on a data frequency tone in the plurality of frequency tones. As used herein, a "frequency tone" may be a single subcarrier within a frequency range. The UE 104 may then use the peak cancellation signal generated from the first core and the second core to eliminate one or more peaks of the signal transmission to reduce the PAPR of the signal transmission. A "peak cancellation signal" may refer to a signal that reduces the PAPR of the combined signal transmission. The UE 104 may combine the peak cancellation signals before performing peak cancellation. In one configuration, the PAPR reduction component 198 may be configured to communicate with a receiving device an indication for applying PAPR reduction to data transmission. In such a configuration, the PAPR reduction component 198 may be further configured to apply the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission to reduce at least one signal peak of the data transmission to produce a transmission signal, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first PRT set that does not overlap with the data frequency tone, and the second PAPR reduction includes a second PRT set that overlaps with the data frequency tone and does not overlap with the reserved frequency tone. In such a configuration, the PAPR reduction component 198 may be further configured to transmit the transmission signal to a recipient device.

[0054] In another configuration, the PAPR reduction component 198 may be configured to generate a first PAPR reduction signal from a first PRT set within a plurality of tones, wherein the plurality of tones further include one or more reserved tones and the first PRT set does not overlap with a data tone in the plurality of tones. In such a configuration, the PAPR reduction component 198 may be further configured to generate a second PAPR reduction signal from a second PRT set within the plurality of tones, wherein at least a portion of the second PRT set overlaps with the data tone, and the second PRT set does not overlap with a reserved tone in the plurality of tones. In such a configuration, the PAPR reduction component 198 may be further configured to apply the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to a data transmission, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission is reduced by the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal. In such a configuration, the PAPR reduction component 198 may be further configured to transmit the data transmission to a receiving device.

[0055] In certain aspects, the base station may include a signal regeneration component 199 configured to regenerate one or more peaks eliminated by the PAPR reduction component 198 or by one or more cores. The signal regeneration component 199 may identify the location, amplitude, and phase of the one or more eliminated peaks within the data transmission and then regenerate at least a portion of the one or more eliminated peaks. In one configuration, the signal regeneration component 199 may be configured to receive a data transmission from a transmitting device, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission is reduced by a combination of a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal at the transmitting device, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first PRT set within a plurality of tones, and the plurality of tones further include one or more data tones and the first PRT set does not overlap with the one or more data tones, and wherein the second PAPR reduction signal includes a second PRT set within the plurality of tones, and at least a portion of the second PRT set overlaps with the one or more data tones, and the second PRT set does not overlap with the first PRT set. In such a configuration, the signal regeneration component 199 may be further configured to identify the position, amplitude, and phase of at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced based on the position of the first PRT set or the second PRT set or the one or more data tones or a combination thereof. In such a configuration, the signal regeneration component 199 may be further configured to regenerate at least a portion of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced based at least in part on the identified position, amplitude, and phase of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced.

[0056] The base station 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as the Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) can interface with the EPC 160 via a first backhaul link 132 (e.g., an S1 interface). The base station 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as the Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can interface with the core network 190 via a second backhaul link 184. Among other functions, the base station 102 can also perform one or more of the following functions: delivery of user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and delivery of alert messages. The base stations 102 may communicate with each other directly or indirectly (eg, through the EPC 160 or the core network 190) over a third backhaul link 134 (eg, an X2 interface). The first backhaul link 132, the second backhaul link 184, and the third backhaul link 134 may be wired or wireless.

[0057] Base stations 102 may communicate wirelessly with UEs 104. Each base station 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). A communication link 120 between a base station 102 and a UE 104 may include an uplink (UL) (also referred to as a reverse link) transmission from the UE 104 to the base station 102 and / or a downlink (DL) (also referred to as a forward link) transmission from the base station 102 to the UE 104. The communication link 120 may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. These communication links may be over one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400 MHz, etc.) bandwidth. These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). The component carrier may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell), and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0058] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0059] The wireless communication system may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 in communication with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the STA 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether the channel is available prior to communication.

[0060] The small cell 102' may operate in a licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed spectrum, the small cell 102' may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102' employing NR in the unlicensed spectrum may boost the coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0061] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various classes, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz–7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz–52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. Similar naming issues sometimes arise with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the “millimeter wave” band in various documents and articles, although it is different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz–300 GHz) identified as the “millimeter wave” band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0062] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands of these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz–24.25GHz). The frequency bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus the features of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. Additionally, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to above 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6GHz–71GHz), FR4 (52.6GHz–114.25GHz), and FR5 (114.25GHz–300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0063] In view of the above aspects, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if used in this document, the term "sub-6 GHz" and the like can broadly refer to frequencies that can be less than 6 GHz, can be within FR1, or can include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specifically stated, it should be understood that if used in this document, the term "millimeter wave" and the like can broadly refer to frequencies that can include mid-band frequencies, can be within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1 and / or FR5, or can be within the EHF band.

[0064] Whether a small cell 102' or a large cell (e.g., a macro base station), the base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as an eNB, a gB node (gNB), or another type of base station. Some base stations (such as gNB 180) may operate in traditional sub-6 GHz spectrum, millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies, and / or near mmW frequencies to communicate with UE 104. When the gNB 180 operates in mmW or near mmW frequencies, the gNB 180 may be referred to as a mmW base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 mm and 10 mm. The radio waves in this band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near mmW can extend down to 3 GHz frequencies with a wavelength of 100 mm. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, which is also referred to as centimeter waves. The frequency range bands include frequency range 1 (FR1), which includes frequency bands below 7.225 GHz, and frequency range 2 (FR2), which includes frequency bands above 24.250 GHz. Communications using mmW / near mmW radio frequency (RF) bands (e.g., 3 GHz–300 GHz) have extremely high path loss and short range. The base station / UE may operate within one or more frequency range bands. The mmW base station 180 may utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range. The base station 180 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate beamforming.

[0065] Base station 180 may transmit beamformed signals to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182'. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from base station 180 in one or more receive directions 182". UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals to base station 180 in one or more transmit directions. Base station 180 may receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more receive directions. Base station 180 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive direction and transmit direction for each of base station 180 / UE 104. The transmit direction and receive direction of base station 180 may be the same or may be different. The transmit direction and receive direction of UE 104 may be the same or may be different.

[0066] The EPC 160 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a serving gateway 166, a multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS) gateway 168, a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC) 170, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway 172. The MME 162 may be in communication with a home subscriber server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the EPC 160. In general, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are delivered through the serving gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN gateway 172. The PDN gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The PDN gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to IP services 176. The IP services 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functionality for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a public land mobile network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to base stations 102 belonging to a multicast broadcast single frequency network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a specific service, and may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.

[0067] The core network 190 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a session management function (SMF) 194, and a user plane function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may be in communication with a unified data management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is a control node that handles signaling between the UE 104 and the core network 190. In general, the AMF 192 provides QoS flow and session management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are delivered through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to an IP service 197. The IP service 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS), a packet switching (PS) streaming (PSS) service, and / or other IP services.

[0068] A base station may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmission reception point (TRP), or some other suitable term. The base station 102 provides an access point to the EPC 160 or the core network 190 for the UE 104. Examples of UE 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., an MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet device, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a health care device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functional device. Some UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, ovens, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0069] Figure 2A 200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G / NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G / NR subframe. Figure 2C 250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G / NR frame structure. Figure 2D280 is a diagram illustrating an example of an UL channel within a 5G / NR subframe. The 5G / NR frame structure can be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL; or can be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A , 2C In the example provided, the 5G / NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (mostly DL) and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 34 (mostly UL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is for flexible use between DL / UL. Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 34 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are full DL and full UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured with a slot format (dynamically configured by DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through the received slot format indicator (SFI). Note that the following description also applies to the 5G / NR frame structure for TDD.

[0070] Figure 2A-2D The examples illustrated in are only used to illustrate example aspects of the frame structure, and the various aspects presented herein can be applied with various frame structures and / or channels. A frame (10ms) can be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a mini-time slot, which may include 7, 4 or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the time slot configuration. For time slot configuration 0, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for time slot configuration 1, each time slot may include 7 symbols. The codeword on the DL may be a cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) codeword. The codeword on the UL may be a CP-OFDM codeword (for high throughput scenarios) or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) codeword (also known as a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) codeword) (for power-limited scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of slots in a subframe is based on the slot configuration and parameter design. For slot configuration 0, different parameter designs μ of 0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For slot configuration 1, different parameter designs 0 to 2 allow 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe, respectively. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and parameter design μ, there are 14 symbols per slot and 2 per subframe. μtime slots. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration vary depending on parameter design. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ *15kHz, where μ is parameter design 0 to 4. Thus, parameter design μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15kHz, while parameter design μ=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. Figure 2A-2D An example of a slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and a parameter design μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe is provided. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is about 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter design.

[0071] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also called a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a number of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0072] like Figure 2A As explained in the illustration, some REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for UEs. RSs may include demodulation RSs (DM-RSs) for channel estimation at the UE (indicated as R for a particular configuration). x , where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0073] Figure 2BAn example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame is illustrated. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs), each CCE including 9 RE groups (REGs), each REG including 4 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. The PDCCH within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. The primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identity. The secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE may determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE may determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth, and the system frame number (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted over the PBCH (such as the system information block (SIB)), and paging messages.

[0074] As in Figure 2C As explained in , some REs carry DM-RSs for channel estimation at the base station (indicated as R for one specific configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible). The UE may transmit DM-RSs for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RSs for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first or first two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is transmitted and on the specific PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of the subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may transmit the SRS on one of the comb teeth. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.

[0075] Figure 2DAn example of various UL channels within a subframe of an illustration frame. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicator (CQI), precoding matrix indicator (PMI), rank indicator (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0076] Figure 3 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a media access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration of UE measurement reports; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, cipher decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0077] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine coding and modulation schemes and for spatial processing. The channel estimates may be derived from reference signals and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0078] At the UE 350, each receiver 354RX receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for the UE 350. If there are multiple spatial streams destined for the UE 350, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the RX processor 356. The RX processor 356 then transforms the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation point most likely transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on the channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. These soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally transmitted on the physical channel by the base station 310. These data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359 which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0079] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, cipher interpretation, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0080] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0081] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by a TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0082] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.

[0083] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, cipher decoding, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 350. The IP packets from the controller / processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0084] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 The PAPR reduction component 198 combines various aspects.

[0085] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform operations related to Figure 1 The signal regeneration component 199 combines various aspects.

[0086] A power amplifier (PA) is a device that can be used to increase the amplitude (e.g., voltage, current, power, etc.) of an input signal. A PA may receive a weak electrical signal or waveform and then reproduce a similar but stronger waveform at the output by using additional power. The design and implementation of a PA in wireless communications can help the signal transmitted by a transmitting device become strong enough to reach a receiving device (e.g., be received by a receiving device).

[0087] Since the PA may consume additional power to amplify the input signal, a goal of the PA may be to have a linear relationship between the input signal and the output signal. Figure 4 is an explanation of the input signal (P) for a PA with linear behavior and a PA with nonlinear behavior. 输入 ) and the output signal (P 输出 ) is a graph 400 of an example relationship between . For a PA having linear behavior 402, the output signal (e.g., P 输出-理想 ) can be compared with the input signal (for example, P 输入-理想 ). For example, if an input signal power of 10 milliwatts corresponds to an output signal power of 15 milliwatts, an input signal power of 20 milliwatts may correspond to an output signal power of 30 milliwatts, and so on.

[0088] However, the PA can be used for a limited range of input signals (e.g., Figure 5The PA may approximately follow linear behavior within the linear region 502 shown, and may have nonlinear behavior outside of this range of input signals. Due to physical constraints, the output signal power of the PA may not increase indefinitely, so at some point (e.g., at the saturation point 406), an increase in the input signal power of the PA may not produce a discernible increase in the output signal power. Therefore, the PA may follow the following Figure 4 The nonlinear behavior 404 shown in FIG. 4 and when the PA is operating at a higher input signal power (e.g., at Figure 5 The nonlinear behavior 404 may become particularly pronounced at the nonlinear region 504 shown in FIG. 4 . For example, when the PA saturates (e.g., crosses the saturation point 406), the output signal of the PA may no longer be proportional to the input signal, where a large increase in the input signal power exceeds the saturated input signal power (e.g., P 输入-饱和 ) point can be obtained from the saturated output signal power (for example, P 输出-饱和 ) point produces a relatively small increase in output signal power. Since the PA may consume a significant portion of the power in a communication device, operating the PA beyond the saturation point may waste additional power and may be an inefficient use of the PA. In addition, the nonlinear behavior 404 of the PA may also cause in-band and out-of-band distortion of the signal and may degrade the error vector magnitude (EVM) at the receiver when the input signal power and the output power are not proportional.

[0089] To avoid operating the PA beyond the saturation point (e.g., to avoid nonlinear drawbacks at high input powers), the PA may be configured to operate at an average input power several dB below the saturation point so that the input signal power may not exceed the saturated input signal power (e.g., P 输入-饱和 )point. Figure 5 is explained by the average input power (for example, P 输入-IBO ) is a diagram 500 of operating a PA. For example, for an input signal waveform 508 having a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), the waveform 508 can be generated by reducing the input signal (e.g., P 输入 ) in the linear region 502 of the PA. This may be referred to as an "input back-off" (IBO), which may result in a proportional "output back-off" (OBO). The PA may operate most efficiently when the IBO is close to or equal to the PAPR of the input signal. For example, if the input signal has a PAPR of X dB, an IBO of X dB may be applied to the PA to avoid nonlinearity. This enables the input signal to be amplified within the linear region 502 when the waveform 508 of the input signal is at its peak. For example, if the waveform 508 has a PAPR of 10 dB and the PA also has an IBO equal to or close to 10 dB, the waveform 508 may be amplified within the linear region 502 without crossing the saturation point 506 (e.g., P输入-饱和 ). This can prevent the output signal waveform 510 from being distorted during amplification, which may occur when the waveform 508 or a portion of the waveform 508 is amplified at the non-linear region 504.

[0090] However, if a high IBO is applied to the PA but the input signal does not have a high PAPR (e.g., IBO>>PAPR), such as Fig. 6A As shown in the diagram 600A of FIG. 6B , this may be an inefficient use of the PA because it may reduce the maximum amplification of the PA. For example, due to the high IBO, a portion 602 of the linear region within the PA may not be used, especially the region near the saturation point, where high input signals (e.g., near P 输入-饱和 ) may be amplified to an almost proportionally high output signal (e.g., P 输出-饱和 This may limit the maximum performance of the PA and reduce the transmission range of the transmitting device. On the other hand, if the IBO applied to the PA is too low and the input signal has a PAPR that exceeds the IBO (e.g., PAPR>>IBO), such as Figure 6B As shown in diagram 600B, at least a portion (eg, portion 604) of the input signal may be amplified at a nonlinear region of the PA, which may cause output signal distortion and the bit error rate (BER) performance of the transmitting device may be degraded.

[0091] Although OFDM signals may have tolerance to inter-symbol interference and good spectral efficiency, due to the large fluctuations in their signal envelope, OFDM signals may suffer from significant PAPR, which may grow rapidly with the size of the OFDM block. For example, for networks that employ larger OFDM blocks, such as those that may be employed in 5G NR, the OFDM blocks may have higher PAPR. Due to the high PAPR, a PA designed for a communication device capable of transmitting larger OFDM blocks may be configured with a high IBO, which may result in inefficient use of the PA when the communication device is not transmitting a signal with a high PAPR, such as in conjunction with Fig. 6A As described. Therefore, as an alternative or in addition to applying a high IBO to the PA, a PAPR reduction technique can be used to reduce the PAPR of the input signal so that the IBO applied to the PA can be kept at a low value to maintain the spectrum and energy efficiency of the PA. In addition, by reducing the PAPR, the PA can amplify the signal at a higher input power (e.g., as close to the saturation point as possible and in the linear region) and produce a higher output signal.

[0092] In some examples, PAPR reduction techniques may be data dependent and computationally expensive, which may make them unsuitable for real-time implementation. For example, when a PAPR reduction mechanism is designed for the front end of a real-time transmission chain (e.g., to operate on the fly), the PAPR reduction mechanism may have a relatively short time to process the input signal. For example, each time the PAPR reduction mechanism receives an OFDM symbol, it may have less than one millisecond to process the OFDM symbol to reduce the PAPR. For most PAPR techniques, one millisecond may not be enough because a lot of processing may be involved during PAPR reduction. Clipping and filtering (CF) is one of the PAPR reduction techniques that can be used for real-time implementation, for example, because of its low complexity and low processing time. However, CF and similar techniques may distort the signal itself and cause in-band signal distortion, which may not converge to the desired solution.

[0093] Cellular networks operating in higher and wider frequency ranges (e.g., 4G LTE, 5G NR, etc.) may have abundant bandwidth in both the uplink and downlink. This may include the addition of FR2 and increasing the available bandwidth to 100 MHz in sub-6 frequencies (i.e., frequencies below 6 GHz). Cellular networks with abundant or excess bandwidth may use longer OFDM symbols (e.g., larger OFDM blocks) for transmission. Although, as mentioned above, increasing the OFDM symbol size may increase the PAPR of the OFDM symbol, excess bandwidth may also be used for PAPR reduction. For example, when a transmitting device (such as a UE) is transmitting in the uplink, there may be multiple idle resource blocks available for use by the transmitting device.

[0094] In some techniques described herein, a transmitting device may use a tone reservation approach to reduce the PAPR of an OFDM symbol. These techniques may include scenarios in which a transmitting device may use unused, originally idle, or reserved tones (e.g., unused or reserved subcarriers) of an OFDM symbol to accommodate a peak cancellation signal that reduces the PAPR of an OFDM symbol. For example, in a sample deployment scenario, the amplitude and phase of the reserved tones may be optimized for a given OFDM symbol to minimize the PAPR. Additionally or alternatively, a transmitting device may reserve some tones in the subcarriers of an OFDM symbol, and the reserved tones may be used for PAPR reduction rather than transmitting data.

[0095] The frequency modulation used for PAPR reduction in the reservation technology may have various characteristics. For example, the frequency modulation reserved for PAPR reduction (e.g., the frequency modulation containing the peak cancellation signal) may be referred to as the peak reduction frequency modulation (PRT). Considering that in some scenarios, there may be no overlap between one or more reserved frequency modulations and one or more data frequency modulations within one or more corresponding OFDM codewords (e.g., the reserved frequency modulation may be orthogonal to the data frequency modulation), the frequency modulation reservation scheme does not introduce any EVM and / or adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) restrictions. Therefore, the receiving device (e.g., a base station receiving OFDM codewords) may be configured to block, ignore, disregard, and / or bypass the signal in the reserved frequency modulation and decode the signal in the data frequency modulation. Bypassing and not decoding the signal in the reserved frequency modulation implements and provides improved device signal processing and improves communication throughput. As such, for the purposes of this disclosure, the reserved frequency modulation may also be referred to as "non-data frequency modulation", which may include PRT.

[0096] Different frequency-tone characteristics may be helpful for some deployments. As an example, the amplitude and phase of one or more reserved frequency tones can be adjusted for each OFDM codeword to produce a suitable PRT. And the allocation of PRTs in each OFDM codeword can also be customized for optimized PAPR reduction. Additionally or alternatively, the number of PRTs used for each OFDM codeword may vary depending on the available bandwidth. Although the position of the PRT can be determined on a per-OFDM codeword basis, fixing the position of the PRT for the OFDM codeword in advance can reduce the complexity of the transmitting device. Since the optimization (e.g., allocation) can be performed in advance rather than in real time, the performance of the transmitting device can be significantly improved. In addition, there may be a generally good index allocation for the PRT within the OFDM codeword. Thus, in some examples, for the purposes of this disclosure, the reserved frequency tones may also be referred to as "non-data frequency tones", which may include PRTs.

[0097] Figure 7 700 is a diagram illustrating an example allocation of PRTs (e.g., reserved tones) 702 and data tones 704 (e.g., tones containing data information). The illustration depicts several tones within one OFDM symbol in the frequency domain. As can be seen, the PRTs are arranged between the data tones so that some of the data tones are located to the sides of the PRTs. In some aspects, the allocation of PRTs 702 in the OFDM symbols achieves a low PAPR in the time domain. The transmitting device can obtain the waveform of the OFDM symbol in the time domain by performing an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) on the signal in the frequency domain. Figure 7 Sample arrangements of PRTs and data tones are depicted, and many other PRT / data tone arrangements may be used given the configurable nature of the techniques discussed herein.

[0098] In fact, as previously described, the transmitting device can customize the location and number of PRT 702 for OFDM codewords. The adaptive configuration enables flexibility in considering communication operations and / or other factors (e.g., such as channel conditions, category / type of data transmission, etc.). For example, if the transmitting device (e.g., UE) is granted two (2) resource blocks including twenty-four (24) frequency tones for transmission, the transmitting device can use half of the available frequency tones (e.g., twelve (12) frequency tones) as PRTs. The transmitting device can also select any subset of the 24 available frequency tones - as long as the receiving device (e.g., base station) is aware of the selection of the transmitting device, which can be configured and / or fixed in advance through signaling. For example, the transmitting device can select subsets 1, 5, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 21 and 22 for PRT, and can notify the receiving device of its selection of the subset via signaling. In some examples, the subset may be fixed in advance so that a receiving device may know which tones are PRTs without receiving additional signaling from a transmitting device.

[0099] If the transmitting device (e.g., UE, base station, etc.) knows the location of the reserved tones, the transmitting device can apply a signal-to-clipping noise ratio-tone reservation (SCR-TR) algorithm to the reserved tones to optimize their value for PAPR reduction. For example, assume that the transmitting device is granted a total of N tones {1, ..., N} (e.g., Figure 7 Let Φ be a subset of {1,…,N} corresponding to the PRT position (e.g., Figure 7 The data tones may be assigned to the remaining tones, (1,...,N}\Φ (e.g., Figure 7 Then, the frequency domain kernel P can be constructed based on the following formula:

[0100]

[0101] Where P i The ith frequency tone among the total granted frequency tones N may be indicated (eg, P 1 = 1st frequency tone, P 4 = 4th frequency tone, P 24 = 24th tone, etc.) Based on the frequency domain kernel, when the ith tone is a subset of Φ, the value 1 may be assigned to the ith tone (eg, Figure 7 , 1, 5, 6, 8, ... of Φ). When the i-th frequency tone is not a subset of Φ, a value of 0 may be assigned to the i-th frequency tone instead (e.g., Figure 7Next, let p denote P in the time domain, where the time domain kernel p can be obtained by taking an IFFT on P, e.g., p=ifft(P), and let X denote frequency domain data (e.g., data tone). Since the value 0 is assigned to the i-th tone when it is not a subset of Φ, then naturally X if i∈Φ i = 0. For example, Figure 7 In, X 1 and X 5 can be 0, since subsets 1 and 5 are in the subset of Φ, and X 2 and X 7 may not be 0, since subsets 2 and 7 are not in the subset of Φ, and so on. Similarly, let x denote the X in the time domain kernel, where x can be obtained by taking an IFFT on X, e.g., x=ifft(X). If the number of PRTs is large enough and the positions of the PRTs are chosen appropriately, the time domain kernel p may look like a delta function with negligible side lobes (e.g., Fig. 9 ).

[0102] Figure 8 800 is a diagram illustrating an example of a time domain data signal (e.g., x or OFDM signal). A threshold 806 may be defined / configured for a transmitting device to determine whether a particular waveform of the time domain data has one or more peaks exceeding the threshold 806, and the transmitting device may determine whether any of the one or more peaks are to be reduced. For example, based on the threshold 806, the transmitting device may be able to determine that the waveform has a peak 802 and a peak 804 exceeding the threshold 806. The transmitting device may also determine the amplitude and position of each peak, and / or the maximum peak (e.g., peak 802) among the peaks.

[0103] Fig. 9 900 is a diagram illustrating an example of a time domain kernel for p. If the number of PRTs is large enough and the locations of the PRTs are appropriately chosen, the time domain kernel p may look like a delta function with negligible side lobes, as shown in diagram 900. For example, the time domain signal may appear as a waveform with a single peak 906, where the single peak 906 is aligned with the largest peak of x (e.g., Figure 8 Next, the SCR-TR algorithm may cyclically shift p in the time domain until p is aligned with the maximum peak of x.

[0104] Fig.101000 is a diagram illustrating an example of cyclic shift and alignment based on the SCR-TR algorithm. First, the SCR-TR algorithm can determine the location of the maximum peak of x. Let j∈[LN] be an index, where L can indicate the oversampling factor, N can indicate the total number of granted tones, and j can be an element of LN. Next, the algorithm cyclically shifts p until the peak 1006 of p is aligned with the maximum peak 1002 of x, which can be determined by p j = circshift(p, j). The algorithm then subtracts the scaled and shifted p from x to obtain where μ is the target peak, <x(j) is the phase of x(j), and In other words, the cancellation signal can be cyclically shifted to the peak position of x and then subtracted from the original information signal so that the power of the peak frequency tone can be reduced.

[0105] Fig.11 It is the explanation x 新 1100, where the previous maximum peak of x has been subtracted by the scaled and shifted p. The SCR-TR algorithm may iterate this process several times to optimize the PAPR reduction. For example, the process may be performed in several iterations, starting with the highest peak and eliminating one peak per iteration. Fig.11 As shown, after eliminating the previous largest peak of x from x (e.g., peaks 802, 1002), the algorithm can cyclically shift p to the next highest peak of x that is also above the threshold 1104, and subtract the scaled and shifted p from peak 1104, and so on. Note that the cyclic shift p in the time domain does not affect the position of the preserved tones in the frequency domain, but may interfere with their phase. For example, a phase may be added to P. However, due to the data tones (e.g., Figure 7 A subset of 2-4, 7, 9, ...) are assigned the value zero (0), so their values ​​may not be changed because adding the phase to zero results in zero. On the other hand, the phase of the PRT can be modified because they are assigned the value one (1). Therefore, the PRT can become a complex number with an amplitude of 1 and the added phase. Therefore, the cyclic shift p does not affect the position of the reserved frequency tone. By applying the SCR-TR algorithm to the frequency tone reservation, the PAPR of the OFDM codeword can be reduced to an appropriate margin, and a lower IBO can be configured for the corresponding PA. For example, an OFDM codeword using 64 PRTs or 96 PRs can have an overall lower PAPR compared to an OFDM codeword not using any PRTs.

[0106] like Fig. 9As shown, when the number of PRTs is large enough and the positions of the PRTs are appropriately selected, the time-domain kernel p can generate a single narrow peak (e.g., a single peak 906) with low and negligible side lobes. However, if the number of PRTs is insufficient and / or when the positions of the PRTs are not appropriately selected, the signal and waveform generated by the time-domain kernel p may not be well suited for signal peak removal or reduction. For example, Fig.12 As shown in the diagram 1200 of FIG. 1200 , when the reserved tones and their corresponding PRTs are positioned adjacently, the resulting waveform generated by the time domain kernel p may have a wide peak 1202 and wide side lobes. Since the wide peak 1202 may not coincide with the maximum peak in the time domain data signal (e.g., Figure 8 The peak 802 in FIG. 8 is not properly aligned and may overlap with other parts of the time domain data signal, so the waveform may not be ideal for signal peak removal. Fig.12 When the waveform in is applied to a time domain signal to obtain signal peak reduction, this may result in the creation (e.g., generation) of more peaks elsewhere. Fig.13 As shown, when the retained tones and their corresponding PRTs are uniformly positioned (e.g., the spacing between the PRTs is uniform), the resulting waveform 1300 generated by the time-domain kernel p may have a narrow peak 1302. However, the waveform may also produce side lobes 1304 having one or more peaks that may be as high as the peak 1302. Although the peak 1302 may be aligned with the highest peak of the time-domain data signal to achieve signal peak reduction or elimination, other peaks on the side lobes 1304 may produce additional peaks during signal peak elimination.

[0107] like Fig.14 As shown, when the reserved tones and their corresponding PRTs are randomly positioned, the resulting waveform 1400 generated by the time domain kernel p may have a high and narrow main peak 1402, and the peaks of the side lobes 1404 may be shorter than the main peak 1402, which may appear to have a combination of Fig.12 and Fig.13 Although the peak on the side lobe 1404 may create an additional peak when this waveform is used for signal peak reduction or elimination, the increase may be modest and may not be as great as that caused by Fig.13 The increase created by the waveform in is that high. Therefore, Fig.14 The waveforms in the Fig.12 and Fig.13 The waveform in is more suitable for signal peak reduction and can be used to reduce the PAPR of the time domain signal. However, since randomly assigning PRTs may produce unpredictable and / or random results, the way in which the random numbers are generated and selected at the time domain kernel p can be further configured and optimized to increase the probability that the resulting waveform will have a single narrow peak and low sidelobes, such as by Fig. 9 The waveform shown.

[0108] As combined Figures 9 to 14 As illustrated, a signal or waveform suitable for reducing the peak value of another signal may include a single peak with low side lobes. Fig.15 As shown in diagram 1500 in FIG. 1 , an optimized waveform 1506 (e.g., a waveform represented by a solid line) for signal peak elimination or reduction may include a single narrow peak 1502 and no side lobes 1504, which, for the purposes of the following explanation, may be referred to as an “ideal” or “perfect” waveform or a waveform generated by an “ideal” or “perfect” kernel.

[0109] The techniques discussed herein may provide several benefits. For example, some aspects presented herein may enable a time-domain kernel to select the location (e.g., sequence) of a PRT and construct a PRT that is similar to or close to Fig.15 The waveform of waveform 1506 is shown in FIG. 1507 . In one example, the sequence may have n elements a 0 ,…,a n-1 , where a i ∈{0,1}, where a i is 0 or 1, and 1 may correspond to a PRT and 0 may correspond to a data tone, such as P above in combination with a frequency domain kernel P i The modulus autocorrelation b of the sequence is j Can be defined as:

[0110] For j=0,…,n-1.

[0111] For example, a sequence (e.g., a 0 ,…,a n-1 ) can be cyclically shifted in the frequency domain. Therefore, if each element a in the original sequence i Multiply by its cyclic shift (e.g., a mod(i+j,n) ), then the sum of the resulting elements produces the autocorrelation b of the sequence j .

[0112] If for j≠0, b j = constant, then the autocorrelation of the sequence can be called a "perfect" autocorrelation, so that the sequence a with a "perfect" autocorrelation 0 ,…,a n-1 A "perfect" time domain kernel (e.g., a kernel that produces an "ideal" waveform 1506) may be generated as ifft(a). For example, a "perfect" autocorrelation b j It can be expressed as:

[0113]

[0114] Among them, when j = 0, the b value is high, and when j ≠ 0, the b value is low. Then we can get A "perfect" frequency domain kernel is derived (eg, ifft(a)). Accordingly, when the elements of the sequence are appropriately selected (eg, 0 and 1), a "perfect" autocorrelation can be generated for the sequence.

[0115] Additionally or alternatively, some aspects presented herein may be referred to as a "difference set," which may be used to determine one or more sequences that may generate a "perfect" autocorrelation. 0 ,…,a n-1 A sequence of i ∈{0,1}, as mentioned above, let represents a non-zero index of a. In other words, S can be a subset of 0 to n-1 and can include a i equal to 1. For example, if the sequence a = [1 1 0 0 0 1 0], then S may contain index 0, index 1, and index 5 in the subset (e.g., a 0 、a 1 and a 5 ), because they are equal to 1. Therefore, S can also be expressed as etc.

[0116] Next, sequence a 0 ,…,a n-1 The element a in i The selection may be made in such a way that the difference between any pair of elements in the sequence is different from other pairs. For example, referring to the example of S={0,1,5} above, the difference between any pair of elements in the set is different because the difference between 0 and 1 is 1, the difference between 1 and 5 is 4, and the difference between 0 and 5 is 5. Therefore, the three possible pair differences in the set will be 1, 4, and 5, where the difference between any pair of elements is different (i.e., different from other pairs). The difference between pairs of elements may also be referred to as the "pairwise difference" of the elements, and the subset S comprising the pairwise differences of the elements may be referred to as the "difference set".

[0117] Accordingly, the autocorrelation b of the series can alternatively be defined as:

[0118] For j = 0, ..., n-1,

[0119] or

[0120] For j=0,…,n-1.

[0121] Therefore, for a given sequence a with corresponding S 0 ,…,a n-1, the autocorrelation b can be "perfect" if each j∈{1,…,n-1} can be written as a difference of elements of S in exactly λ-ways, where λ can be independent of j. The set S can then be viewed as a "difference set" with repeating λ. Since the value one (1) within the sequence can correspond to a PRT (e.g., the position of each PRT) and the value zero (0) can correspond to a data tone, for a "difference set" S with repeating λ, the square of the total number of PRTs in the sequence (e.g., numPRTs) can be approximately equal to the total number of tones (e.g., numTones) multiplied by λ, so that By using the above method to 0 ,…,a n-1 Choosing zero (0) and one (1) creates a "perfect" autocorrelation b of the series, and then a "perfect" kernel can be constructed based on the "perfect" autocorrelation.

[0122] In one example, a “perfect ruler” can be used to determine the sequence a 0 ,…,a n-1 The perfect ruler can be the set of integers where the pairwise differences of the elements in S form a closed integer interval modulo n. Additionally, a perfect ruler may correspond to a "difference set" with λ=1, which means that each difference (e.g., the difference between a pair of elements in the sequence) may be repeated once. Since a perfect ruler or integers within a perfect ruler meet the requirements for creating a "perfect" autocorrelation (e.g., having a subset S containing a "difference set" and repeating λ=1), using a perfect ruler to assign PRTs (e.g., using S as a PRT index) may produce a "perfect" kernel.

[0123] For example, referring to the subset Example. The difference set of S can be represented by a vector with six possible combinations: {1-0, 5-0, 0-1, 0-5, 1-5, 5-1}, which may result in {1, 5, -1, -5, -4, 4}. The modular operation (e.g., mod) can then be applied to the vector to convert the values ​​or numbers in the vector to non-negative numbers. Modular operations can be used to find the remainder or signed remainder after one number is divided by another number. For example, for two numbers, a and n, a modulo n (or a modn) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a divided by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor. To convert all values ​​in a vector to non-negative numbers, a number higher than the total number of elements in the vector (e.g., such as higher than 1) can be selected as the divisor n to perform the modular operation on all values ​​in the vector. For example, since the vector has six elements, a number greater than 6, such as 7, can be selected as a divisor so that {1, 5, -1, -5, -4, 4} mod 7 = {1, 5, 6, 2, 3, 4} (e.g., 1 mod 7 = 1, -1 mod 7 = 6, -4 mod 7 = 3, etc.). In other words, what mod can do to a vector is that when one element (e.g., an integer) in the vector is greater than 0 and less than the divisor, mod can do nothing. On the other hand, when the integer in the vector is less than 0, such as a negative number, the modulus (e.g., 7) can be added to the negative integer (e.g., 1 mod 7 = 1, 5 mod 7 = 5, 4 mod 7 = 4, etc.). Therefore, {1, 5, -1, -5, -4, 4} mod 7 becomes {1, 5, -1 + 7, -5 + 7, -4 + 7, 4} and produces {1, 5, 6, 2, 3, 4}. Furthermore, it can be observed that the resulting numbers (e.g., elements) in the vector after applying the mod may include a set of consecutive numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 in this example). Therefore, in order to construct a "perfect" kernel, the selected subset S (e.g., the positions of the PRTs) may include and obey this property, where the differences between all possible pairs of elements (or pair combinations) within the sequence provide a closed integer interval (e.g., a perfect ruler). This may again be referred to as a "difference set". In other words, one way in which a "perfect" kernel may be constructed is to select a subset S that produces consecutive pair differences (e.g., after applying the mod), where each difference occurs once. For example, the possible pair differences in the above example produce a consecutive sequence of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 after applying the modulo operation, where no number in the sequence is repeated (e.g., is the same as another number). Therefore, if the set of PRTs is allocated based on the subset S = {0, 1, 5} so that These values ​​may represent a "perfect" kernel in the time domain, since it may have one main peak (eg, corresponding to value 3), and everything else outside of that peak may be flat (eg, all other values ​​are 1.4), and so on.

[0124] In another example or as an alternative, a "Golomb rule" or "optimal Golomb rule" can be used to determine the sequence a 0 ,…,a n-1 The optimal Golomb scale can be the set of integers Wherein the pairs of elements of S differ modulo n. In other words, the optimal Golomb scale may be a set of integers in which no two pairs of integers have the same difference. For example, the sequence [0, 1, 4, 6] and the sequence [0, 2, 7, 8, 11] may have the property of an optimal Golomb scale because the difference between any pair of integers within the sequence is different and different from other pairs. The following Table 1 is an example of different sets or sequences of integers that may be considered to have the property of an optimal Golomb scale. The integers / elements in Table 1 may be used as primary candidates for the positions of the PRT in multiple tones. In addition, if an increment or offset (e.g., 1, 5, 10, etc.) is applied to the set of integers / elements in Table 1, the resulting value may still maintain the property of an optimal Golomb scale. For example, if an offset or increment of 10 is applied to the sequence [0, 1, 4, 6], the resulting sequence [10, 11, 14, 16] may still maintain the property of an optimal Golomb scale because the difference between any pair of integers within the sequence may be different.

[0125]

[0126] Table 1 - Example optimal Golomb scale set

[0127] PRT allocation based on the optimal Golomb scale can provide higher or better PAPR reduction than random PRT allocation, such as combining Fig.14 Described. For example, the optimal (e.g., maximum density) Golomb ruler can maximize |S| for a given n, where n can be the total number of frequency-tuned, and S can correspond to the order in Table 1 (e.g., the number of elements / integers in the set). Therefore, for a specific choice of n, the optimal Golomb ruler can be used as a perfect ruler. Although it may be time-consuming or difficult to generate the optimal Golomb ruler as the number of integers (e.g., frequency-tuned) increases, an efficient construction close to the optimal Golomb ruler can be used, such as by using the Ruzsa construction. The Ruzsa construction can provide a fast and efficient construction, which can provide a Golomb ruler with p-1 elements for each prime number p. For example, S can be determined in the following manner:

[0128] S=p*(1:p-1)+(p-1)*g 1：p-1 mod p(p-1),

[0129] where p can be a prime number, and g can be The primitive root of |S|. Based on this construction, |S|=p-1 and n=p(p-1), and an approximate maximum or optimal value of |S| can be obtained. For example, if |S|=7, the set of integers {0,1,4,10,18,23,25} in order #7 in Table 1 can be used to allocate PRTs. In this way, a near "perfect" kernel can be constructed by determining |S| based on the corresponding optimal Golomb scale set and allocating PRTs, such as illustrated in Table 1.

[0130] For example, the UE may first determine the order of the optimal Golomb ruler (e.g., the order # in Table 1) and an optional offset. In one aspect, the UE may determine the order by finding the square root of the number of allocated tones (e.g., the total tones) and rounding this square root number to the nearest integer (e.g., a whole number). For example, if the total number of tones is 71, the UE may calculate the square root of 71, which is approximately 8.426, and the UE may round this number to the nearest integer (e.g., 8). Depending on the configuration, the UE may add a constant (e.g., 1) to the rounded integer to obtain the order of the Golomb ruler (e.g., the order in Table 1). The UE may then select an optimal Golomb ruler of the appropriate order from Table 1 based on the resulting order. In some examples, to align an integer associated with a selected order from the Golomb scale with the allocated frequency tone, the UE may apply an offset to the markers within the selected order so that the first marker within the selected order (e.g., the first marker at the selected order in the Golomb scale) may correspond to the first allocated frequency tone. The UE may then determine the PRT index or the position of the PRT based on the integer with the offset.

[0131] The techniques discussed herein can provide several benefits. For example, some aspects presented herein can reduce the PAPR of a transmission, where one or more cores can be used at a transmitting device (e.g., UE) to generate / construct a peak cancellation signal (e.g., a PAPR reduction signal) to eliminate or reduce one or more peaks of a data transmission. Additionally, in some aspects, a receiving device (e.g., a base station) can receive a data transmission and be configured to regenerate the one or more peaks eliminated by the transmitting device. This can effectively reduce or mitigate some effects that may be associated with signal elimination or reduction, such as a reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a channel, while achieving a reduction in the PAPR for transmission.

[0132] In one aspect of the present disclosure, two cores (e.g., core 1 and core 2) may be used by a transmitting device (e.g., UE, base station) for peak cancellation, where each core may generate / construct a peak cancellation signal based on its corresponding PRT, such as in combination with Figure 9-11 and Fig.15 as described. Fig.16 1600 is a diagram illustrating an example of allocating PRTs for two cores. In one aspect, for a transmission having a tone set 1602 including a plurality of reserved tones 1604 and data tones 1606, a PRT 1608 for core 1 may be allocated to or within the reserved tones 1604, and the location of the PRT 1608 for core 1 may not overlap with the data tones 1606. A PRT 1610 for core 2 may be allocated to or within the data tones 1606, and the location of the PRT 1610 for core 2 may partially or completely overlap with the data tones 1606. The location of the PRT 1610 for core 2 may not overlap with the reserved tones 1604, such that the PRT 1608 for core 1 does not overlap with the PRT 1610 for core 2.

[0133] Fig.17 is a diagram 1700 illustrating an example waveform generated / constructed by kernel 1, such as in conjunction with Figure 9-11 and Fig.15 Since the location of the PRT 1608 for core 1 can be constrained to the reserved tone 1604, and the peak cancellation signal generated by core 2 can have medium to high side lobes 1704 and a single peak 1702, the peak cancellation signal generated by core 1 can not introduce EVM, such as in combination with Figure 5 As described. Additionally, assigning the PRT to the reserved tone 1604 may not add any distortion to the signal. However, due to the medium to high sidelobes 1704, the peak cancellation signal generated by core 1 may introduce peak regrowth at some peak signals (e.g., peak signals of the OFDM signal). This may reduce the efficiency of the peak cancellation signal, where less PAPR reduction may be possible. For example, the sidelobes 1704 may limit the peak cancellation signal to provide a moderate PAPR reduction such that the PAPR may not be below a certain threshold (e.g., 7 dB, 20 dB, etc.). In combination Fig.15 The described PRT allocation mechanisms (eg, perfect ruler, Golomb ruler, etc.) may be used to locate the PRT for core 1 .

[0134] Fig.18 is a diagram 1800 illustrating an example waveform generated / constructed by kernel 2, such as in conjunction with Figure 9-11 and Fig.15As described. Since the location of the PRT 1610 for core 2 may overlap with the data tone, which may be larger than the reserved tone, this may provide core 2 with more options to allocate the PRT and optimize the peak cancellation signal. Therefore, the peak cancellation signal generated by core 2 may have lower side lobes 1804 and a single peak 1802, and may introduce very limited or no peak regrowth. However, since the PRT 1610 for core 2 may fully or partially overlap with the data tone 1606, the signal may be distorted in the frequency domain. In addition, the peak cancellation signal generated by core 2 may introduce EVM.

[0135] Because the peak reduction signals generated by core 1 and core 2 may have different characteristics, such as the combination of Fig.17 and 18 As described, in one aspect of the present disclosure, a linear combination may be applied to kernel 1 and kernel 2 to combine the peak elimination signals generated from kernel 1 and kernel 2. In other words, the signal generated from kernel 1 (e.g., signal 1) may be combined with the signal generated from kernel 2 (e.g., signal 2) to form a combined signal (e.g., signal 3). In one example, signal 1 may be linearly combined with signal 2 by first applying a ratio α (e.g., 0≤α≤1) to signal 1, and applying another ratio (1–α) to signal 2, and then combining the resulting signals to generate signal 3, such that signal 3=α*signal 1+(1-α)*signal 2. By linearly combining signal 1 and signal 2, the negative effects associated with each signal (e.g., peak regrowth, EVM, etc.) may be reduced. In another aspect of the present disclosure, the ratio applied to signal 1 and the ratio applied to signal 2 may not be equal to 1. For example, a first ratio (e.g., α) may be applied to signal 1, and a second ratio (e.g., β) may be applied to signal 2, so that signal 3 = α*signal 1 + β*signal 2, and α+β is not equal to 1. Note that although the linear combination of signal 1 and signal 2 is described herein as generating a new peak elimination signal (e.g., signal 3), the transmitting device may also apply the signal from core 1 (e.g., signal 1) and the signal from core 2 (e.g., signal 2) separately to data transmission without combining them (e.g., without generating signal 3). Therefore, for the purpose of the following explanation, linear combination may refer to linearly combining one or more signals into a new signal, or separately applying one or more signals having a linear combination relationship.

[0136] Referring to the example above regarding a frequency domain kernel P, where transmission is granted for a total of N tones {1, ..., N}, Φ represents a subset of {1, ..., N} corresponding to the PRT positions and the data tones are allocated to the remaining tones {1, ..., N}\Φ, such as in combination with Figure 7 The kernel 1 in the frequency domain can be expressed as:

[0137]

[0138] The time domain kernel of kernel 1 can be denoted as p 内核1 , which can be obtained by taking IFFT on kernel 1P. On the other hand, since kernel 2 allocates its PRT on the data tone instead of the reserved tone, kernel 2 in the frequency domain can be represented as:

[0139]

[0140] Similarly, the time domain kernel of kernel 2 can be denoted as p 内核2 , which can be obtained by taking an IFFT on kernel 2P. Because the SCR-TR algorithm can be used to determine the location of the maximum peak of a waveform, the combined signal from kernels 1 and 2 (e.g., signal 3) can be cyclically shifted to the highest peak of waveform z to eliminate or reduce the highest peak (e.g., the highest peak of z minus the scaled and shifted signal 3) to reduce the PAPR of waveform z, such as in combination with Fig.10 Therefore, the resulting waveform z 新 (e.g., after applying a cyclic shift) can be represented as:

[0141] z 新 =z-(|z(j)|-μ)e ＜(j)·1i · Cyclic shift (αp 内核1 +(1-α)p 内核2 , j).

[0142] Fig.19 is an explanation related to kernel 1 (for example, as combined Figures 8 to 11 1900 ) and an example signal peak reduction for both kernel 1 and kernel 2. By applying the linearly combined signal (e.g., signal 3) from kernel 1 and kernel 2, the resulting waveform 1906 (e.g., waveform z 新 ) can have an overall lower peak than the original waveform 1902 (e.g., waveform z) and the waveform 1904 to which the peak cancellation signal from only core 1 (e.g., signal 1) is applied. The combined peak cancellation signal (e.g., signal 3) can therefore provide better PAPR reduction for data transmission, and in combination with Fig.17 The described thresholds can be lowered further.

[0143] Fig. 202 is a diagram illustrating an example signal peak reduction involving a linear combination of kernel 1 and kernel 2 at a transmitting device (e.g., UE 104, 350, etc.) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. At 2002, the transmitting device may generate an output signal S(f) in the frequency domain, such as for data transmission. At 2004, the output signal S(f) may be converted to an output time domain signal s(t) by applying an iFFT to S(f), and then the highest N peaks in s(t) may be identified, such as by combining Figure 8-Figure 11 as described. At 2006, the peak cancellation signal (e.g., p(t)) generated from core 2 multiplied by α (e.g., the ratio for the linear combination) can be applied to s(t) to eliminate or reduce the highest N peaks of s(t) (e.g., represented by the dashed circles associated with 2004 and 2006). At 2008, the resulting signal x(t) can be generated after applying signal peak reduction (e.g., cyclic shift) to s(t). At 2010, the resulting time domain signal x(t) can be converted back to a frequency domain signal X(f) by applying an FFT to x(t). At 2012, the frequency domain signal Y(f) from core 1 (e.g., having a PRT assigned on a reserved frequency tone) is multiplied by (1–α) and added / combined with X(f), and an output signal is generated at 2014 for transmission. Since the reserved tones at 2012 and their corresponding PRTs do not overlap with the data tones at 2010, the two can be combined without overlapping each other, such as shown at 2014. The PRT assigned by kernel 1 can be further used to generate a peak cancellation signal (e.g., signal 1) to further reduce the N peaks of x(t), such as in combination with Figure 7-Figure 11 Although this example shows that the signal from core 2 is applied to the output signal S(f) before the signal from core 1 is applied, the signal from core 1 can also be applied to the output signal S(f) before the signal from core 2. The signals from core 1 and core 2 can also be applied to the output signal S(f) at the same time, or combined (e.g., to generate signal 3) before being applied to the output signal S(f), etc.

[0144] Various aspects presented herein can reduce distortion of a transmitted signal (e.g., a data transmission) and improve the SNR of a channel at a receiving device (e.g., a base station 102, 180, 310), wherein the receiving device can be configured to regenerate one or more peaks that were eliminated at the transmitting device, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20 Thus, distortion or EVM introduced during the signal peak cancellation process, such as introduced by core 2, may be mitigated or removed, and the transmitted signal may be compensated.

[0145] In one aspect, to regenerate one or more peaks that were eliminated at the transmitting device, the receiving device may first be configured to identify the location of the eliminated peaks and / or the amplitude of the eliminated peaks in the received signal (e.g., the signal transmitted from the transmitting device). If the transmitting device is able to identify the location and amplitude of the eliminated peaks, the transmitting device can regenerate the eliminated peaks. For example, in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20 The inverse process of the described signal cancellation can be applied to the received signal, where the peak cancellation signal (e.g., signal 1 generated by kernel 1, signal 2 generated by kernel 2, etc.) can be cyclically shifted to the identified cancelled peak locations and added to the received signal rather than subtracted from the received signal.

[0146] In one example, let z(t)=x(t)+y(t) be the received signal in the time domain (e.g., 1602, 2014), where x(t) can represent the data tone and y(t) can represent the PRT (or the reserved tone including the PRT), such as described in conjunction with the above example kernels 1 and 2. In one aspect, in order for the receiving device to identify the location and amplitude of the eliminated peak, the receiving device can first transfer z(t)=x(t)+y(t) to the frequency domain (e.g., Z(f)=X(f)+Y(f)), and the receiving device can set Y(f) to zero in the frequency domain so that Z(f)=X(f). Since Y(f) is limited to the reserved tone and does not overlap with the data tone, Y(f) can be identified and removed from Z(f) (e.g., by setting the value of the identified reserved tone to 0).

[0147] Fig.21 2100 is a diagram illustrating an example of a received signal (e.g., z(t)) observed at a receiving device. Waveform 2102 may represent z(t), the received signal; waveform 2104 may represent x(t), the data tone; and waveform 2106 may represent y(t), the reserved tone or PRT. Waveform 2104 for x(t) may be obtained by setting y(t) to 0, such as described above in conjunction with Y(f). By observing waveform 2102 (e.g., z(t)) and waveform 2104 (e.g., x(t)), the receiving device may be able to determine the location and magnitude of the peak in y(t) eliminated by the PRT at the transmitting device (e.g., via the elimination signal generated from kernel 1).

[0148] In one aspect, the receiving device may obtain the location of the eliminated peak by comparing the phases of z(t) and x(t), where the phases may match at the location of the eliminated peak. For example, the receiving device may define |x(t 0 )|>target peak value to determine whether the peak value is at t 0 is eliminated, where <x(t0 )≈<y(t 0 ) so that y(t) is 0 ) has a peak at . The receiving device can obtain the amplitude of the eliminated peak based on the difference (e.g., 2108) between the peak of waveform 2012 and the peak of waveform 2014. Therefore, the transmitting device may be able to regenerate the eliminated peaks based on knowing their positions and amplitudes.

[0149] In one other aspect of the present disclosure, if the signal peak reduction performed at the transmitting device also involves an additional kernel, such as kernel 2, then if the receiving device knows the value of α, such as through signaling from the transmitting device, the peak regeneration performed by the receiving device may also take into account the ratio (e.g., α) applied to kernel 1. For example, after observing and determining the peak difference (e.g., 2108) of the peaks between z(t) and x(t), the receiving device may multiply the ratio α by the peak difference (e.g., multiply α by the difference 2108) when restoring the peak.

[0150] In another aspect of the present disclosure, the receiving device can also determine that the peak elimination or reduction performed by core 2 may occur at the same peak location based on knowing the location of the peak eliminated by core 1. In other words, the transmitting device can assume that the peak eliminated / reduced by the signal generated from core 1 is also eliminated / reduced by the signal generated from core 2.

[0151] Once the eliminated peak is identified, the receiving device can compensate for kernel 2 at the identified location (e.g., regenerate the peak eliminated by kernel 2). The receiving device can use the above-mentioned cyclic shift concept to cyclically restore the peak so that the signal with the regenerated eliminated peak (e.g., signal x 新 ) can be expressed as:

[0152]

[0153] In order to keep track of the eliminated peaks, the receiving device can construct an auxiliary signal x aux =x|y(t 0 )|e ＜x(t 0 )·1i circhisft(p * , t 0 ), where p* can be an “ideal” kernel, such as the combination Fig.15 as described.

[0154] Fig. 22 is a signal that describes the regeneration at the receiving device (e.g., x 新). As described above, by observing the waveform 2206 of x(t) and the waveform 2208 of z(t), the location and magnitude of the peak that was eliminated at the transmitting device can be identified. The receiving device can then compensate for the received signal z(t) by regenerating the eliminated peak in z(t) to construct the waveform 2204 (e.g., x 新 ), waveform 2204 is closer to waveform 2202 of the original signal (e.g., the signal before the peak is reduced) than the received waveform 2208z(t). Therefore, the distortion and / or EVM generated during the signal peak elimination process at the transmitting device can be alleviated.

[0155] Fig.23 2300 is a diagram illustrating an example of signal regeneration at a receiving device (e.g., base station 102, 180, 310, etc.). At 2302, the receiving device may receive a signal in the frequency domain (e.g., Z(f)) including a retention tone Y(f) and a data tone X(f) from a transmitting device. The receiving device may first separate Y(f) from X(f), such as shown at 2304 and 2306. At 2308, the receiving device may convert the frequency domain signal Y(f) to a time domain signal y(t) by applying an iFFT to Y(f). At 2310, the receiving device may identify one or more peaks that were eliminated at the transmitting device based on x(t) and y(t), such as by combining Fig. 22 and Fig.23 Similarly, at 2312, the receiving device may convert the frequency domain signal X(f) into a time domain signal x(t) by applying iFFT to X(f). At 2314, the transmitting device may perform peak regeneration (e.g., x(t)+p(t)), and may obtain a resulting signal s(t) (e.g., x 新 ), such as combining Fig. 22 and Fig.23 At 2316, the receiving device may then convert the resulting time domain signal s(t) into a frequency domain signal S(t) by applying FFT to s(t).

[0156] Refer back to the example of applying a linear combination to kernel 1 and kernel 2. In each iteration, z 新 =z-(|z(j)|-μ)e ＜z(j)·1i (αp 内核1 +(1-α)p 内核2), a parameter α (e.g., 0≤α≤1) can determine how much each kernel contributes or the contribution percentage of each kernel. For example, if α=0, only kernel 1 can contribute to the peak cancellation signal; if α=1, only kernel 2 can contribute to the peak cancellation signal; if α=0.4, kernel 1 can contribute 40% of the peak cancellation signal, and kernel 2 can contribute 60% of the peak cancellation signal, and so on. In this way, when one or more kernels are used, the value of α can also affect the performance of PAPR reduction.

[0157] Various aspects presented herein provide factors that a transmitting device may consider when determining the value of α. Since the contribution of core 2 is close to 1 (e.g., 100%) when the value of α is close to 0 (e.g., α≈0), such as 0.1, 0.2, etc., most of the burden may be placed on core 2. Since the PRT for core 2 (e.g., Fig.16 1608) and data frequency modulation (e.g., Fig.16 1606) overlaps in whole or in part, so core 2 may distort the signal in the frequency domain and may also introduce EVM into the transmission, such as in combination with Fig.18 In one example, when the target PAPR cannot be achieved using core 1 alone (such as in combination with core 1) due to the high side lobes generated by core 1, Fig.18 1-0.3) and put more burden (e.g., contribution) on core 2. Therefore, if the goal of the transmitting device is to further reduce the PAPR threshold, core 2 can be configured to provide more contribution than core 2. In another example, when there is a high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in the channel, the transmitting device can choose a value of α close to zero or have core 2 provide more contribution than core 1. When the receiving device cannot decode the PRT in the reserved frequency tone (e.g., y(t)), it may be difficult for the receiving device to perform peak regeneration and compensate for the received signal, such as in combination with Figures 21 to 23 as described. For example, when the receiving device cannot decode y(t), the receiving device may not be able to determine x(t) from z(t). Without x(t), the receiving device may not be able to determine the location and amplitude of the eliminated peak. Since the signal of the PRT (e.g., y(t)) used for or located in the reserved frequency tone is generally weaker than the data frequency tone (e.g., x(t)), when there is a high SINR in the channel, more burden should be placed on core 2 (i.e., the contribution of core 2 is higher than that of core 1). Note that the transmitting device can be a base station or a UE. Therefore, when the receiving device is a base station, the receiving device can determine the value of α for the transmitting device (such as a UE).

[0158] On the other hand, when the value of α is close to 1 (e.g., α≈1), such as 0.8, 0.9, etc., the contribution of core 1 is close to 1 (e.g., 100%), so that most of the burden can be placed on core 1. Although the signal generated from core 1 may not introduce EVM, the signal may have moderate to high side lobes, such as in combination with Fig.17 As described. In one example, when there are poor channel conditions (e.g., high SINR) where the receiving device cannot decode y(t) or learn anything from y(t), the transmitting device can select a value of α close to 1 (e.g., 0.1-0.3) and place more burden (e.g., contribution) on core 1. In another example, when the number of available PRTs or reserved tones in core 1 is high, the transmitting device can select a value of α close to 1. When there are more options for allocating PRTs, a better peak cancellation signal can be formed and a lower target PAPR can be achieved, such as in combination with Fig.17 and 18 described. In other words, when the peak cancellation signal generated by core 1 is good or sufficient, the transmitting device can configure core 1 to provide a higher contribution than core 2. In another example, when the PRT is to be shared by other UEs or when the PRTs between UEs overlap each other, the transmitting device can select a value of α close to 1. For example, if two UEs are using the same PRT (e.g., PRT sequence) or there is at least an overlap between their PRTs, the base station may not be able to decode y(t) because y(t) may correspond to multiple users. Therefore, more burden can be placed on core 1.

[0159] Fig.24A , 24B 2400A, 2400B, and 2400C are diagrams illustrating example EVMs for 256QAM, where the target PAPR is 7 dB, α=0.5, numDataTones (number of data tones)=240, and numPRT (number of PRTs)=16. When only core 2 is used, Fig.24A As shown, a large amount of distortion may be observed at the receiving device, where the receiving device may not be able to read or understand the constellation and decode the signal. The EVM may also be high (e.g., -22 dB). When both kernel 1 and kernel 2 are used and they are linearly combined with α = 0.5 (e.g., each kernel contributes equally), as shown in Fig. 24B As shown, the constellation of the received signal may appear larger than Fig.24A The constellation in is better. Since core 1 does not introduce any distortion (e.g., the PRT is located on the reserved tone), by placing part of the burden (e.g., contribution) on core 1, the EVM of the received signal can be improved (e.g., -27dB). Therefore, the receiving device can be able to decode the received signal. When peak regeneration (e.g., combined with Fig.23 ) is further applied when a signal is received, such as Fig.24C As shown, the EVM can be further improved (e.g., -36 dB) because the regenerated signal more closely resembles the original signal (e.g., the signal before peak removal is applied by cores 1 and 2). The constellation of the signal observed by the receiving device may appear better than Fig.24A and 24B is cleaner, and the receiving device can have a higher success rate in decoding the received signal.

[0160] In some examples, a PRT table or PRT set including one or more PRT sequences may be predefined and fixed at the transmitting device and the receiving device. For example, each PRT sequence in the PRT table or set may include a fixed number of PRTs at pre-fixed positions (e.g., a fixed PRT mode), and the number of PRTs and / or their positions may be different for each PRT sequence. There may also be overlaps between different PRT sequences. For example, one PRT sequence may have PRTs at tones 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, another PRT sequence may have PRTs at tones 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 (with some overlap), and another PRT sequence may have PRTs at tones 4, 6, 8, 9, 10 (without overlap), and so on. Fig.25 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a PRT table, in which one or more PRT sequences may be predefined in the PRT table. Thus, a transmitting device may select a sequence within the PRT table to locate the PRT.

[0161] In addition to aspects based on specific transmissions, the technology also includes receiver-specific features. For example, in order for a receiving device (e.g., a base station) to decode a transmission involving tone reservation, the receiving device may be configured to determine which tones in the transmission are data tones and which tones are PRTs. This determination helps and / or enables the receiving device to ignore or bypass the PRT and decode the data tones. In addition, the receiving device may also need to first know whether the transmitting device is sending a transmission with tone reservation, whether the PRT is allocated to the data tone, whether peak regeneration is required, and / or which PRT sequence is selected by the transmitting device, etc.

[0162] The techniques discussed herein can provide several benefits. For example, some aspects presented herein can enable a transmitting device to signal the location of a reserved tone or PRT to a receiving device. In one aspect, the location of the PRT can be fixed in advance in a PRT table (PRTT) or via a deterministic function (such as a perfect ruler, Golomb ruler, Gold sequence, Costas array, and / or linear function), such as a combination of Fig.15and as described in Table 1. Therefore, a transmitting device (such as a base station) can signal (e.g., send an indication) the appropriate rows of the PRT table and / or the parameters of the deterministic function to a receiving device such as a UE. For example, the base station can inform the UE which Golomb scale set to use to allocate the PRT, and the UE can allocate the PRT according to the set selected by the base station so that the base station can know which frequency tones (e.g., PRT) to ignore and which frequency tones to decode. The base station can send this information to the UE via DCI, MAC-CE and / or RRC, etc., and the base station can determine whether to use DCI, MAC-CE and / or RRC depending on the time sensitivity of the communication. In addition, if the base station indicates the PRT table to the UE, the UE can recover the PRT sequence from the PRT table. Therefore, each entry in the PRT table can be a PRT sequence, or can be a parameter of a deterministic function that generates a PRT sequence, etc. Alternatively or additionally, the signaling for the PRT position can be explicit, where the base station can inform the UE which frequency tones should be used as PRTs. For example, if any PRT-related or frequency-reserved mechanism is used in the downlink, the base station may be configured to inform the UE of the parameters that the base station has used. If the mechanism is used for the uplink, the base station may be configured to inform the UE which parameters to use. As previously described, the transmitting device may be a base station or a UE, and the receiving device may also be a base station or a UE. Therefore, the examples using base stations and UEs are for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure.

[0163] To help the receiving device recover the eliminated peaks and regenerate the received signal, such as by combining Figure 21-23 As described, the transmitting device and the receiving device may need to have a consensus or the same knowledge of certain parameters. In one aspect, when using one or more peak removal kernels (e.g., kernel 1 and kernel 2), the transmitting device and the receiving device may agree on the parameters of α, such as via explicit signaling or in a PRT table. In another aspect, the transmitting device and the receiving device may agree on a target PAPR, such as Fig.21 For example, the transmitting device may set the expected target PAPR, and the receiving device may receive a transmission z(t) where the signal drops below the expected target PAPR, such as Fig.21 The receiving device may then set y(t) to zero to obtain x(t), such as by combining Figure 21-23As described, the receiving device may observe one or more peaks in x(t) that exceed the expected target PAPR. Therefore, the receiving device may be able to identify the location of the one or more eliminated peaks based at least in part on the expected target PAPR. In another aspect, the transmitting device (such as a UE) may need to know the permitted power spectral density (e.g., the maximum power allowed) of each core (e.g., core 1 and core 2).

[0164] The techniques discussed herein can provide several benefits. For example, some aspects presented herein can enable a transmitting device to multiplex different MCSs for one or more cores (e.g., core 1 and core 2). In one aspect, the tones corresponding to core 1 and core 2 can be overloaded with different modulation and coding schemes (MCS). Fig.26A and 26B 2600A and 2600B illustrate example MCSs for core 1 and core 2. Fig.26A In the embodiment of the present invention, a transmission may include multiple data tones (e.g., tone indices 1-22) without reserved tones such that PRT 2608 for core 1 and PRT 2606 for core 2 overlap the data tones (e.g., core 1 functions similarly to core 2). The transmitting device may apply a first MCS (e.g., 256-QAM data) on data tones 2604 corresponding to PRT 2606 for core 2 (e.g., tone indices 2-4, 7, 9, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19), and the transmitting device may apply a second MCS (e.g., QPSK) to data tones 2602 corresponding to PRT 2608 for core 1 (e.g., tone indices 1, 5, 6, 8, 10-12, 15, 16, 19, 21, 22). Since one of cores 1 and 2 may have higher noise than the other, the transmitting device may apply an MCS with a lower modulation order (e.g., QPSK) to the core with the higher noise level because the MSC with the lower modulation order may be more tolerant or permissive of noise. The transmitting device may then apply an MCS with a higher modulation order (e.g., 256-QAM) to the core with the lower noise level.

[0165] When a receiving device receives the transmission, the receiving device may first decode the data tone 2602 having the lower modulation order and then subtract the data tone 2602 from the transmission. The transmission after subtracting the data tone 2604 is represented by Fig.26B , where the allocation of data tone 2604 with a higher modulation order and PRT 2608 for core 1 may be similar to Figure 7700. For example, a receiving device may observe a transmission having a PRT (e.g., 2608) that does not overlap with a data tone (e.g., 2604). Fig.26B , the receiving device may use PRT 2606 for core 1 to identify the location and magnitude of one or more peaks that were eliminated at the transmitting device, such as in combination with Figure 21-23 Based on the identified locations and amplitudes of the eliminated peaks, the receiving device can regenerate / reconstruct the eliminated peaks to improve the SNR, such as by combining Figure 21-23 Thereafter, the receiving device may decode data tones 2604 having a higher modulation order (e.g., 256-QAM). Although the examples of QPSK and 256QAM are provided to illustrate the concepts of two MCSs applied to different sets of data tones, the concepts described herein may also be applied to other MCSs besides QPSK and 256QAM.

[0166] For example, let x(t) be a waveform corresponding to high MCS data (e.g., 2604), and y(t) be a waveform corresponding to low MCS data (e.g., 2602). Then the PRTs corresponding to high MCS data and low MCS data (e.g., 2608 and 2606) can be used to reduce the PAPR of x(t)+y(t). For example, if the PRT waveforms for core 1 and core 2 are sl(t) and s2(t), respectively, then the goal of the transmitting device is to make x(t)+y(t)+sl(t)+s2(t) obtain a low PAPR. Combined Figure 7-Figure 11 and Figure 15-Figure 20 The described tone reservation mechanism (e.g., PRT allocation) may be applied to x(t)+y(t)+sl(t)+s2(t) to achieve the objective. For example, let X(f), Y(f), Sl(f), and S2(f) be the frequency domain representation of x(t), y(t), sl(t), and s2(t). There may be no overlap between the tones supporting X(f) and Y(f), where the tones supporting Y(f) and S2(f) completely overlap, and the tones supporting X(f) and Sl(f) completely overlap. On the other hand, when two MCSs are used, a transmitting device (such as a UE) may assign different transmission powers to X(f) and Y(f). For example, if the two MCSs are equal, the transmitting device may assign a higher transmission power to Y(f) to compensate for the noise introduced by core 2 so that the receiving device can distinguish between X(f) and Y(f).

[0167] For a receiving device to decode a transmission involving two MCSs, it may be necessary to inform the receiving device that the transmitting device is using two MCSs to transmit the transmission. In one example, when the base station is the receiving device, the base station may signal (e.g., send an indication) to the transmitting device (e.g., UE) about one or more potential and different MCSs for different frequency tone subsets to be used for the transmission. In another example, a first MCS may be signaled for a first subset of data frequency tones, and a second MCS may be signaled for a second subset.

[0168] In order for a receiving device (such as a base station) to decode a transmission involving two MCSs, a transmitting device (such as a UE) may attempt to limit the noise introduced into the transmission (e.g., in PRTs 2606 and 2608). Otherwise, the receiving device may be unable to decode the transmission. In one aspect, power constraints may be applied to the transmitting device for each tone set. For example, a base station may apply one or more power constraints for each tone set (e.g., 2606, 2608) to a UE transmitting using two MCSs. The UE may then follow the power constraint rules received for each tone set to be transmitted to the base station. This may avoid significant distortion of the data (e.g., 2602 and 2604). The power constraint rules may be inferred from the two MCSs signaled to the UE, or may be signaled separately (e.g., in a separate message or indication), or may be fixed in advance in the UE, such as in a PRT table. While receiving the transmission, the base station may perform noise estimation on the data (eg, 2602, 2604) based at least in part on the assumption that the UE is using PRT to reduce peak values ​​of the signal while complying with a desired power constraint.

[0169] Fig. 27 An example communication flow 2700 between a transmitting device 2702 and a receiving device 2704 according to aspects of the present disclosure is illustrated. For example, these aspects may be combined with Figure 1 or Figure 3 The transmitter and the receiver discussed are performed. The transmitting device 2702 may be a UE or a base station, and the receiving device 2704 may also be a UE or a base station.

[0170] At 2706, the transmitting device 2702 may generate a first PAPR reduction signal from a first PRT set within a plurality of tones, wherein the plurality of tones may include one or more reserved tones and the first PRT set may not overlap with data tones in the plurality of tones, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20 Since the first PRT set may not overlap with the data tone, the first kernel may be configured to generate a first PAPR reduction signal without introducing an error vector magnitude, such as in combination with Fig.17 as described.

[0171] At 2708, the transmitting device 2702 may generate a second PAPR reduction signal from a second PRT set within the plurality of tones, wherein at least a portion of the second PRT set overlaps with the data tones, and the second PRT set may not overlap with the reserved tones in the plurality of tones, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20 In one example, a first PAPR reduction signal may be generated from a first core, and a second PAPR reduction signal may be generated from a second core. In such an example, the second core may be configured to generate the second PAPR reduction signal without peak regrowth, such as in combination with Fig.18 as described.

[0172] At 2710, the transmitting device 2702 may apply the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to data transmission, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission may be reduced by the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal, such as in combination. Figure 16-Figure 20 as described.

[0173] In one example, prior to applying the PAPR reduction signal, the transmitting device 2702 may receive an indication from the receiving device 2704 that PAPR reduction is to be applied to the data transmission. Additionally, the transmitting device 2702 may receive an indication of a permissible spectral density from the receiving device 2704. For example, the transmitting device 2702 may receive an indication of whether PAPR is to be applied and / or the location of the reserved tone in at least one of RRC signaling, DCI, or MAC-CE.

[0174] In another example, when applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to data transmission, the transmitting device 2702 may combine the first PAPR reduction signal with the second PAPR reduction signal to form a third PAPR reduction signal, and apply the third signal to the data transmission to reduce the PAPR of the transmission, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20 In addition, the transmitting device 2702 may apply a first ratio to the first PAPR reduction signal and a second ratio to the second PAPR reduction signal, so that the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal may have different contribution rates to peak cancellation, such as in combination with Fig. 20 as described.

[0175] In another example, the transmitting device 2702 may determine the first ratio and the second ratio based on one or more of the following: channel conditions, the number of available peak reduction tones, whether the PAPR can be achieved using the core applied to the reserved tones, or sharing the peak reduction tones with other user equipment. In addition, the transmitting device 2702 may receive an indication of parameters for at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio from a transmitting device, such as a receiving device 2704. In response, the transmitting device 2702 may send a response to the receiving device 2704 regarding the parameters received from the receiving device, such as a receipt confirmation.

[0176] At 2708 , after applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission, the transmitting device 2702 may transmit the data transmission to the receiving device 2704 .

[0177] At 2714, after the receiving device 2704 receives the data transmission from the transmitting device 2702, the receiving device 2704 may identify the location, amplitude, and phase of at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced based on the location of the first PRT set or the second PRT set or the one or more data tones or a combination thereof, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20 as described.

[0178] At 2716, the recipient device 2704 may regenerate at least a portion of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that was reduced based at least in part on the position, amplitude, and phase of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that was reduced, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20 The regeneration of at least one signal peak of a data transmission may increase the SNR of the data transmission.

[0179] In one example, to regenerate the peaks eliminated by the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal, the receiving device 2704 may apply a first ratio to the first PAPR reduction signal and a second ratio to the second PAPR reduction signal, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20Described, wherein the values ​​of the first ratio and the second ratio can each be less than 1, and the first ratio and the second ratio can optionally add up to 1. In such examples, the receiving device 2704 can determine the first ratio and the second ratio based on one or more of the following: channel conditions, the number of available peak reduction tones, whether the target PAPR can be achieved using the core applied to the reserved tones, and / or sharing the peak reduction tones with other user equipment. The receiving device 2704 can also send an indication of a parameter for at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio to the transmitting device so that the transmitting device can apply the parameter for the first ratio or the second ratio when sending a data transmission to the receiving device 2704. In response, the receiving device 2704 can receive a response from the transmitting device regarding the parameter, such as a reception confirmation or the ability / availability of applying the parameter.

[0180] Fig.28 2800. The method may be performed by a transmitting device or a component of a transmitting device (e.g., transmitting device 2702; device 2902; a processing system, which may include memory 360 and which may be the entire UE 350 or a component of UE 350, such as TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and / or controller / processor 359). In some aspects, the method may be performed by, for example, a processor in conjunction with Figure 1 , 3 Or executed by the transmitting device described in any one of 27. Fig.28 One or more aspects described in the may be optional. Various implementations may include having a combination of Fig.28 A method of any combination of the various aspects described. The method may enable a transmitting device to generate one or more peak cancellation signals using one or more cores. The transmitting device may then reduce the PAPR of the transmission by applying the one or more peak cancellation signals to the transmission. The one or more peak cancellation signals may be combined before being applied to the transmission.

[0181] At 2802, the transmitting device may communicate with the receiving device an indication to apply PAPR reduction to data transmission, such as in conjunction with Figure 16-Figure 20 and Fig. 27 For example, at 2712, the transmitting device 2702 may communicate with the receiving device 2704. The communication may be performed by, for example, Fig.29 The transmission component 2934 and / or the receiving component 2930 of the device 2902 are executed.

[0182] At 2804, the transmitting device may apply a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal to a data transmission to reduce at least one signal peak of the data transmission to produce a transmission signal, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first PRT set that does not overlap with the data tone and the second PAPR reduction signal includes a second PRT set that overlaps with the data tone and does not overlap with the reserved tone, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20 and Fig. 27 For example, at 2710, the transmitting device 2702 may apply the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to data transmission, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission is reduced by the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal. Applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission may be, for example, Fig.29 The first kernel component 2940, the second kernel component 2942 and / or the PAPR application component 2944 of the device 2902 are executed.

[0183] In one example, a first PAPR reduction signal may be generated from a first core and a second PAPR reduction signal may be generated from a second core, such as in conjunction with Fig. 27 In such an example, the second core may be configured to generate a second PAPR reduction signal without peak regrowth, such as in combination with Fig.18 as described.

[0184] In another example, since the first PRT set may not overlap with the data tone, the first core may be configured to generate the first PAPR reduction signal without introducing EVM, such as in combination with Fig.17 as described.

[0185] In another example, before applying the PAPR reduction signal, the transmitting device may receive an indication from the base station that PAPR reduction is to be applied to the data transmission. In addition, the transmitting device may receive an indication of the permissible spectrum density from the base station. The transmitting device may receive an indication of whether to apply PAPR and / or the location of the reserved frequency tone in at least one of RRC signaling, DCI, or MAC-CE.

[0186] In another example, when applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to data transmission, the transmitting device may combine the first PAPR reduction signal with the second PAPR reduction signal to form a third PAPR reduction signal, and apply the third signal to the data transmission to reduce the PAPR of the transmission, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20In addition, the transmitting device may apply a first ratio to the first PAPR reduction signal and a second ratio to the second PAPR reduction signal, so that the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal may have different contribution rates to peak elimination, such as in combination with Fig. 20 as described.

[0187] In another example, the transmitting device may determine the first ratio and the second ratio based on one or more of the following: channel conditions, the number of available peak reduction tones, whether the PAPR can be achieved using the core applied to the reserved tones, or sharing the peak reduction tones with other user equipment. In addition, the transmitting device may receive an indication of parameters for at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio from a transmitting device (such as a base station). In response, the transmitting device may send a response to the base station regarding the parameters received from the receiving device, such as a receipt confirmation.

[0188] At 2806, after applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission to reduce at least one signal peak of the data transmission to generate a transmission signal, the transmitting device may transmit the transmission signal to the receiving device, such as in combination with Fig. 20 For example, at 2712, the transmitting device 2702 may transmit the data transmission to the receiving device 2704. The transmission of data may be performed, for example, by Fig.29 The data processing component 2946 and / or the transmission component 2934 of the device 2902 are executed.

[0189] Fig.29 2900 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation of a device 2902. The device 2902 may be a transmitting device (e.g., the transmitting device 2702). In some aspects, the device 2902 may be a UE (e.g., as described in conjunction with Figure 1 3 and / or UE104 or 350 described), a component of a UE, or can implement UE functionality. In other aspects, the device 2902 can be a base station (for example, as combined with Figure 1 and / or Figure 3 A component of a base station as described in the base station 102 / 180 or 310 in the figure, or a base station functionality can be implemented.

[0190] The device 2902 may include a cellular baseband processor 2904 (also referred to as a modem) that may be coupled to a cellular RF transceiver 2922. In some scenarios, the device 2902 may further include one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 2920, an application processor 2906 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 2908 and a screen 2910, a Bluetooth module 2912, a wireless local area network (WLAN) module 2914, a global positioning system (GPS) module 2916, and / or a power supply 2918. The cellular baseband processor 2904 communicates with a receiving device (e.g., which may be a UE 104 and / or a BS 102 / 180) through the cellular RF transceiver 2922. The cellular baseband processor 2904 may include a computer-readable medium / memory. The cellular baseband processor 2904 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on a computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 2904, enables the cellular baseband processor 2904 to perform various functions described herein. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 2904 when executing software. The cellular baseband processor 2904 further includes a receiving component 2930, a communication manager 2932, and a transmission component 2934. The communication manager 2932 includes the one or more illustrated components. The components within the communication manager 2932 may be stored in a computer-readable medium / memory and / or configured as hardware within the cellular baseband processor 2904. The cellular baseband processor 2904 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include a memory 360 and / or at least one of the following: a TX processor 368, an RX processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 2902 may be a modem chip and include only the baseband processor 2904, and in another configuration, the device 2902 may be the entire UE (e.g., see Figure 3 350) and include additional modules of the device 2902. In other aspects, the cellular baseband processor 2904 can be a component of the base station 310 or the entire base station 310 and can include additional modules of the device 2902.

[0191] The communication manager 2932 includes a first kernel component 2940 configured to generate a first PAPR reduction signal from a first set of PRTs within a plurality of tones, wherein the plurality of tones further include one or more reserved tones and the first set of PRTs does not overlap with data tones in the plurality of tones. The communication manager 2932 further includes a second kernel component 2942 configured to generate a second PAPR reduction signal from a second set of PRTs within the plurality of tones, wherein at least a portion of the second set of PRTs overlaps with the data tones and the second set of PRTs does not overlap with reserved tones in the plurality of tones. The communication manager 2932 further includes a PAPR application component 2944 configured to communicate with a recipient device an indication for applying PAPR reduction to a data transmission and / or configured to apply a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission to reduce at least one signal peak of the data transmission to produce a transmission signal, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first set of PRTs that do not overlap with the data tone, and the second PAPR reduction includes a second set of PRTs that overlap with the data tone and do not overlap with the reserved tone, e.g., as combined with Fig.28 2802 and 2804. The communication manager 2932 further includes a data processing component 2946, which is configured to transmit the transmission signal to the receiving device, for example, as combined with Fig.28 2808 described.

[0192] The apparatus may include executing Fig.28 The additional components of each box of the algorithm in the flowchart. Fig.28 Each block in the flowchart of can be performed by a component and the device may include one or more of these components. These components can be one or more hardware components specially configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[0193] As shown, the device 2902 may include various components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the device 2902, in particular the cellular baseband processor 2904, includes means for generating a first PAPR reduction signal from a first set of PRTs within a plurality of tones, wherein the plurality of tones further include one or more reserved tones and the first set of PRTs does not overlap with data tones in the plurality of tones (e.g., a first core component 2940). The device 2902 may further include means for generating a second PAPR reduction signal from a second set of PRTs within the plurality of tones, wherein at least a portion of the second set of PRTs overlaps with the data tones and the second set of PRTs does not overlap with reserved tones in the plurality of tones (e.g., a second core component 2942). The device 2902 may further include means for communicating an indication of applying PAPR reduction to a data transmission to a receiving device (e.g., a transmitting component 2934 and / or a receiving component 2930). The device 2902 may further include means for applying a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal to a data transmission to reduce at least one signal peak of the data transmission to produce a transmission signal, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first set of PRTs that do not overlap with the data tone, and the second PAPR reduction includes a second set of PRTs that overlap with the data tone and do not overlap with the reserved tone (e.g., PAPR application component 2944). The device 2902 may further include means for transmitting the transmission signal to a recipient device (e.g., data processing component 2946 and / or transmission component 2934).

[0194] Means may be one or more of the components of the device 2902 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described herein, the device 2902 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0195] Fig.303000 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method. The method can be performed by a receiving device or a component of a receiving device (e.g., receiving device 2704; device 3102; which may include a memory 376 and which may be the entire base station 310 or a component of the base station 310, such as a TX processor 316, an RX processor 370, and / or a controller / processor 375). In some aspects, the method can be performed by a base station or a component of a base station (e.g., base stations 102, 180, 310). In other aspects, the method can be performed by a UE or a component of a UE (e.g., UE 104, 350). The method can enable a receiving device to indicate to a transmitting device whether to send a transmission using frequency reservation. The method can enable a receiving device to receive a transmission having one or more peaks eliminated by a transmitting device and to regenerate at least a portion of the one or more eliminated peaks.

[0196] At 3002, a receiving device may receive a data transmission from a transmitting device, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission may be reduced by a combination of a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal at the transmitting device. The first PAPR reduction signal may include a first set of PRTs within a plurality of tones, and the plurality of tones may further include one or more data tones. The first set of PRTs may not overlap with the one or more data tones. The second PAPR reduction signal may include a second set of PRTs within the plurality of tones, and at least a portion of the second set of PRTs may overlap with the one or more data tones. The second set of PRTs may not overlap with the first set of PRTs, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20 and Fig. 27 For example, at 2712, a receiving device 2704 may receive a data transmission from a transmitting device 2702, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission may be reduced by a combination of a PAPR reduction signal at the transmitting device and a second PAPR reduction signal, the first PAPR reduction signal comprising a first PRT set within a plurality of tones, and the plurality of tones further comprising one or more data tones, and the first PRT set does not overlap with the one or more data tones, and the second PAPR reduction signal comprising a second PRT set within the plurality of tones, and at least a portion of the second PRT set overlaps with the one or more data tones and the second PRT set does not overlap with the first PRT set. Reception of the data transmission may be performed, for example, by Fig.31 The data receiving processing component 3140 and / or the receiving component 3130 of the device 3102 are executed.

[0197] In one example, a first PAPR reduction signal may be generated from a first core at a transmitting device, and a second PAPR reduction signal may be generated from a second core. In such an example, the first core may be configured to generate a first PAPR reduction signal without affecting EVM, and the second core may be configured to generate a second PAPR reduction signal without peak regrowth. In another example, before receiving a data transmission, a receiving device may transmit an indication to a receiving device (such as a transmitting device) that a PAPR reduction is to be applied to the data transmission. The receiving device may also indicate the permitted spectral density to the transmitting device. The receiving device may send an indication, parameter, or location of a peak reduction frequency modulation to the transmitting device in at least one of RRC signaling, DCI, or MAC-CE.

[0198] At 3004, the receiving device may identify the location, amplitude, and phase of at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced based on the location of the first PRT set or the second PRT set or the one or more data tones or a combination thereof, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20 and Fig. 27 For example, at 2714, the receiving device 2704 may identify the location, amplitude, and phase of at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced based on the location of the first PRT set or the second PRT set or the one or more data tones or a combination thereof. Fig.31 The identification component 3142 of the device 3102 in the data transmission is used to perform identification of the position, amplitude and phase of at least one signal peak of the data transmission.

[0199] At 3006, the receiving device may regenerate at least a portion of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that was reduced based at least in part on the position, amplitude, and phase of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that was reduced, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20 For example, at 2716, the recipient device 2704 may regenerate at least a portion of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that was reduced based at least in part on the position, amplitude, and phase of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that was reduced. Fig.31 The signal regeneration component 3144 of the device 3102 in the data transmission is used to perform regeneration of at least one signal peak of the data transmission.

[0200] In one example, regeneration of at least one signal peak of the data transmission can increase the SNR of the data transmission. In another example, to regenerate the peaks eliminated by the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal, the receiving device can apply a first ratio to the first PAPR reduction signal and a second ratio to the second PAPR reduction signal, such as in combination with Figure 16-Figure 20Described, wherein the values ​​of the first ratio and the second ratio can each be less than 1, and the first ratio and the second ratio can optionally add up to 1. In one aspect, the receiving device can determine the first ratio and the second ratio based on one or more of: channel conditions, the number of available peak reduction tones, whether the target PAPR can be achieved using the core applied to the reserved tones, and / or sharing the peak reduction tones with other user equipment. The receiving device may also send an indication of a parameter for at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio to the transmitting device so that the transmitting device can apply the parameter for the first ratio or the second ratio when sending a data transmission to the receiving device. In response, the receiving device may receive a response from the transmitting device regarding the parameter, such as a reception confirmation or the ability / availability of applying the parameter.

[0201] Fig.31 3100 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a device 3102. The device may correspond to, for example, a device in conjunction with Fig. 27 The receiver device 2704 described. In some aspects, the device 3102 can be a base station or a component of a base station. In other aspects, the device can be a UE or a component of a UE. The device can include a baseband unit 3104. The baseband unit 3104 can communicate with the transmitter device through a cellular RF transceiver. In some aspects, the device 3102 can be a base station, and the transmitter device can be a UE, for example, UE 104. In other aspects, the device 3102 can be a UE and the transmitter device can be a base station. The baseband unit 3104 may include a computer-readable medium / memory. The baseband unit 3104 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the baseband unit 3104, enables the baseband unit 3104 to perform various functions described herein. The computer-readable medium / memory can also be used to store data manipulated by the baseband unit 3104 when executing the software. The baseband unit 3104 further includes a receiving component 3130, a communication manager 3132, and a transmission component 3134. The communication manager 3132 includes the one or more illustrated components. The components within the communication manager 3132 may be stored in a computer-readable medium / memory and / or configured as hardware within the baseband unit 3104. The baseband unit 3104 may be a component of the BS 310 and may include a memory 376 and / or at least one of the following: the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375.

[0202] The communications manager 3132 includes a data receive processing component 3140 that receives a data transmission from a transmitting device, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission is reduced by a combination of a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal at the transmitting device, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first set of PRTs within a plurality of tones, and the plurality of tones further include one or more data tones, and the first set of PRTs does not overlap with the one or more data tones, and wherein the second PAPR reduction signal includes a second set of PRTs within the plurality of tones, and at least a portion of the second set of PRTs overlaps with the one or more data tones and the second set of PRTs does not overlap with the first set of PRTs, e.g., as combined Fig.30 The communication manager 3132 further includes an identification component 3142 that identifies the location, amplitude, and phase of at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced based on the location of the first PRT set or the second PRT set or the one or more data tones or a combination thereof, for example, as combined with Fig.30 The communication manager 3132 further includes a signal regeneration component 3144 that regenerates at least a portion of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced based at least in part on the position, amplitude, and phase of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced, for example, as described in conjunction with Fig.30 As described in 3006.

[0203] The apparatus may include executing Fig.30 The additional components of each box of the algorithm in the flowchart. Fig.30 Each block in the flowchart of can be performed by a component and the device may include one or more of these components. These components can be one or more hardware components specially configured to perform the process / algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to perform the process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[0204] In one configuration, the device 3002, in particular the baseband unit 3004, includes means for receiving a data transmission from a transmitting device, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission is reduced by a combination of a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal at the transmitting device, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first PRT set within a plurality of tones, and the plurality of tones further include one or more data tones, and the first PRT set does not overlap with the one or more data tones, and wherein the second PAPR reduction signal includes a second PRT set within the plurality of tones, and at least a portion of the second PRT set overlaps with the one or more data tones and the second PRT set does not overlap with the first PRT set (e.g., a data reception processing component 3140 and / or a receiving component 3130). The device 3102 may further include means for identifying a location, amplitude, and phase of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced based on the location of the first PRT set or the second PRT set or the one or more data tones or a combination thereof (e.g., an identification component 3142). The device 3102 may further include means (e.g., signal regeneration component 3144) for regenerating at least a portion of at least one reduced signal peak of the data transmission based at least in part on the position, amplitude, and phase of at least one reduced signal peak of the identified data transmission.

[0205] Means may be one or more of the components of the device 3102 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described herein, the device 3102 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.

[0206] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0207] Aspect 1 is a method for wireless communication at a transmitting device, the method comprising: communicating an indication of applying PAPR reduction to data transmission with a receiving device; applying a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission to reduce at least one signal peak of the data transmission to generate a transmission signal, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first PRT set that does not overlap with the data frequency tone, and the second PAPR reduction includes a second PRT set that overlaps with the data frequency tone and does not overlap with the reserved frequency tone; and transmitting the transmission signal to the receiving device.

[0208] In aspect 2, the method of aspect 1 further comprises: in applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to data transmission, the method further comprises: applying a first ratio to the first PAPR reduction signal and applying a second ratio to the second PAPR reduction signal.

[0209] In aspect 3, the method of aspect 1 or aspect 2 further includes: before applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to data transmission, the method further includes: before applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to data transmission, combining the first PAPR reduction signal with the second PAPR reduction signal to form a third PAPR reduction signal.

[0210] In aspect 4, the method as in any one of aspects 1-3 further includes: the first ratio and the second ratio are determined based on one or more of: channel conditions, the number of available peak reduction tones, whether the target PAPR can be achieved by utilizing the core applied to the retained tones, or sharing the peak reduction tones with other user equipment.

[0211] In aspect 5, the method as in any one of aspects 1-4 further comprises: the transmitting device is a base station, the method further comprises: sending an indication of a parameter for at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio to the receiving device.

[0212] In aspect 6, the method of any one of aspects 1-5 further comprises: receiving a response regarding the parameter from the recipient device.

[0213] In aspect 7, the method of any one of aspects 1-6 further comprises: generating a first PAPR reduction signal from the first core, and generating a second PAPR reduction signal from the second core.

[0214] In aspect 8, the method of any one of aspects 1-7 further comprises: the first core is configured to generate a first PAPR reduction signal without affecting the EVM.

[0215] In aspect 9, the method of any one of aspects 1-8 further comprises: the second core is configured to generate a second PAPR reduction signal without peak regrowth.

[0216] In aspect 10, the method of any one of aspects 1-9 further comprises: the transmitting device is a base station, the method further comprises: transmitting an indication to the receiving device to apply PAPR reduction to the data transmission.

[0217] In aspect 11, the method of any one of aspects 1-10 further includes: the transmitting device is a UE, and the method further includes: receiving an indication from a base station that PAPR reduction is to be applied to data transmission.

[0218] In aspect 12, the method of any one of aspects 1-11 further comprises: the transmitting device is a base station, the method further comprises: indicating the permitted spectrum density to the receiving device.

[0219] In aspect 13, the method of any one of aspects 1-12 further comprises: the transmitting device is a UE, the method further comprises: receiving an indication of permitted spectrum density from a base station.

[0220] In aspect 14, the method of any one of aspects 1-13 further comprises: the transmitting device is a UE and the receiving device is a base station, and wherein the UE receives an indication of the location of the reserved frequency tone in at least one of RRC signaling, DCI or MAC-CE.

[0221] In aspect 15, the method of any one of aspects 1-14 further comprises: the transmitting device is a base station, and wherein the base station indicates the location of the reserved frequency tone in at least one of RRC signaling, DCI or MAC-CE.

[0222] Aspect 16 is an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one processor coupled to a memory and configured to implement the method of any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0223] Aspect 17 is an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising means for implementing the method of any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0224] Aspect 18 is a non-transitory computer readable medium storing computer executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement the method of any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0225] Aspect 19 is a method for wireless communication at a receiving device, the method comprising: receiving a data transmission from a transmitting device, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission is reduced by a combination of a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal at the transmitting device, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal includes a first PRT set within a plurality of frequency tones, and the plurality of frequency tones further include one or more data frequency tones, and the first PRT set does not overlap with the one or more data frequency tones, and wherein the second PAPR reduction signal includes a second PRT set within the plurality of frequency tones, and at least a portion of the second PRT set overlaps with the one or more data frequency tones and the second PRT set does not overlap with the first PRT set; identifying a position, amplitude, and phase of at least one reduced signal peak of the data transmission based on a position of the first PRT set or the second PRT set or the one or more data frequency tones or a combination thereof; and regenerating at least a portion of the reduced at least one signal peak of the data transmission based at least in part on the identified position, amplitude, and phase of the reduced at least one signal peak of the data transmission.

[0226] In aspect 20, the method of aspect 19 further comprises: regeneration of at least one signal peak of the data transmission increases the SNR of the data transmission.

[0227] In aspect 21, the method of aspect 19 or aspect 20 further comprises: applying the first ratio to the first PAPR reduction signal and applying the second ratio to the second PAPR reduction signal.

[0228] In aspect 22, the method of any of aspects 19-21 further comprises: the first ratio and the second ratio are each less than one and the first ratio and the second ratio add up to one.

[0229] In aspect 23, the method of any one of aspects 19-22 further includes: the first ratio and the second ratio are determined based on one or more of: channel conditions, the number of available peak reduction tones, whether the target PAPR can be achieved by utilizing the core applied to the reserved tones, or sharing the peak reduction tones with other user equipment.

[0230] In aspect 24, the method of any one of aspects 19-23 further comprises: the receiving device is a base station, the method further comprises: sending an indication of a parameter for at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio to the transmitting device.

[0231] In aspect 25, the method as in any one of aspects 19-24 further comprises: receiving a response regarding the parameter from the transmitting device.

[0232] In aspect 26, the method of any of aspects 19-25 further comprises generating a first PAPR reduction signal from the first core, and generating a second PAPR reduction signal from the second core.

[0233] In aspect 27, the method of any one of aspects 19-26 further comprises: the first core is configured to generate a first PAPR reduction signal without affecting the EVM.

[0234] In aspect 28, the method of any of aspects 19-27 further comprises the second core being configured to generate a second PAPR reduction signal without peak regrowth.

[0235] In aspect 29, the method of any one of aspects 19-28 further comprises: the receiving device is a base station, the method further comprising: transmitting an indication to the UE to apply PAPR reduction to the data transmission.

[0236] In aspect 30, the method of any one of aspects 19-29 further comprises: the recipient device is a UE, the method further comprises: receiving an indication from a base station that PAPR reduction is to be applied to data transmission.

[0237] In aspect 31, the method of any one of aspects 19-30 further comprises: the receiving device is a base station, the method further comprises: indicating the permitted spectrum density to the transmitting device.

[0238] In aspect 32, the method of any one of aspects 19-31 further comprises: the recipient device is a UE, the method further comprises: receiving an indication of permitted spectrum density from a base station.

[0239] In aspect 33, the method of any one of aspects 19-32 further comprises: the receiving device is a UE and the transmitting device is a base station, and wherein the UE receives an indication of the location of the peak reduction frequency tone in at least one of RRC signaling, DCI or MAC-CE.

[0240] In aspect 34, the method of any one of aspects 19-33 further comprises: the receiving device is a base station, and wherein the base station indicates the location of the peak reduction tone in at least one of RRC signaling, DCI or MAC-CE.

[0241] Aspect 35 is an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising: at least one processor coupled to a memory and configured to implement the method of any one of aspects 19 to 34.

[0242] Aspect 36 is an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising means for implementing the method of any one of aspects 19 to 34.

[0243] Aspect 37 is a computer-readable medium storing computer executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement the method of any one of aspects 19 to 34.

[0244] Aspect 38 is yet another method for wireless communication at a transmitting device. The method (as other techniques discussed herein) may include one or more optional actions and / or steps (such as those below). For example, the method may include generating a first PAPR reduction signal from a first PRT set within a plurality of tones, wherein the plurality of tones further include one or more reserved tones and the first PRT set does not overlap with the data tones in the plurality of tones. The method may also include generating a second PAPR reduction signal from a second PRT set within the plurality of tones, wherein at least a portion of the second PRT set overlaps with the data tones, and the second PRT set does not overlap with the reserved tones in the plurality of tones. The method may also include applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to a data transmission, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission is reduced by the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal. In addition, the method may optionally include sending a data transmission to a receiving device.

[0245] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of each box in the disclosed process / flowchart is an illustration of an example approach. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of each box in these process / flowcharts can be rearranged based on design preferences. In addition, some boxes can be combined or omitted. The attached method claims present the elements of various boxes in an exemplary order and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0246] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the universal principles defined in this article can be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown in this article, but should be granted the full scope consistent with the claims in language, wherein the singular reference of the elements is not intended to represent "there is and only one", but "one or more", unless otherwise stated. Terms such as "if", "when..." and "when..." should be interpreted as meaning "under the condition", rather than implying a direct time relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases (e.g., "when...") do not imply an immediate action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but only imply that an action will occur when the condition is met, and no specific or immediate time constraints are required for the action to occur. The wording "exemplary" is used herein to mean "used as an example, instance or explanation". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein need not be interpreted as being superior to or superior to other aspects. Unless otherwise stated, the term "some / certain" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C," "one or more of A, B, or C," "at least one of A, B, and C," "one or more of A, B, and C," and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, wherein any such combination may include one or more members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout the present disclosure that are currently or hereafter known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is expressly recited in the claims. The terms “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” etc. may not be replacements for the term “means.” Thus, no claim element should be construed as means-plus-function unless the element is explicitly recited using the phrase “means for….”

Claims

1. An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising: Memory; as well as at least one processor communicatively connected to the memory, the memory and the at least one processor being configured to: communicating with a receiving device an indication of applying a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction to data transmission; applying a linear combination of a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission to reduce at least one signal peak of the data transmission to produce a transmission signal, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal comprises a first set of peak reduction tones (PRTs) that do not overlap with data tones and the second PAPR reduction signal comprises a second set of PRTs that overlap with the data tones and do not overlap with reserved tones; and The transmission signal is transmitted to the receiving device.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein to apply the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission, the at least one processor is further configured to: A first ratio is applied to the first PAPR reduction signal and a second ratio is applied to the second PAPR reduction signal.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein to apply the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission, the at least one processor is further configured to: The first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal are combined with the second PAPR reduction signal to form a third PAPR reduction signal before applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the first ratio and the second ratio are determined based on one or more of: Channel conditions, The number of available peak reduction tones, whether a target peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can be achieved using the core applied to the reserved tone, or Share the peak reduction tone with other user equipment.

5. The apparatus of claim 3, further comprising: a transceiver communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one processor, wherein the transmitting device is a base station, the at least one processor and the transceiver being further configured to: An indication of a parameter for at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio is transmitted to the recipient device.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal is generated from a first core and the second PAPR reduction signal is generated from a second core.

7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the first kernel is configured to generate the first PAPR reduction signal without affecting error vector magnitude (EVM), and the second kernel is configured to generate the second PAPR reduction signal without peak regrowth.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a transceiver communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one processor, wherein the transmitting device is a base station, the at least one processor and the transceiver being further configured to: The indication to apply PAPR reduction to the data transmission is transmitted to the recipient device.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising: a transceiver communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one processor, wherein the transmitting device is a user equipment (UE), the at least one processor and the transceiver being further configured to: The indication to apply PAPR reduction to the data transmission is received from a base station.

10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmitting device is a user equipment (UE) and the receiving device is a base station, and wherein the memory and the at least one processor are configured to receive an indication of the location of the reserved frequency in at least one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, downlink control information (DCI), or media access control-control element (MAC-CE).

11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the transmitting device is a base station, and wherein the memory and the at least one processor are configured to indicate the location of the reserved frequency in at least one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, downlink control information (DCI), or media access control-control element (MAC-CE).

12. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to transmit the data to the recipient device via the transceiver.

13. A method for wireless communication at a transmitting device, comprising: communicating with a receiving device an indication of applying a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction to data transmission; applying a linear combination of a first PAPR reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission to reduce at least one signal peak of the data transmission to produce a transmission signal, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal comprises a first set of peak reduction tones (PRTs) that do not overlap with data tones and the second PAPR reduction signal comprises a second set of PRTs that overlap with the data tones and do not overlap with reserved tones; and The transmission signal is transmitted to the receiving device.

14. The method of claim 13, when applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission, further comprising: A first ratio is applied to the first PAPR reduction signal and a second ratio is applied to the second PAPR reduction signal.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising, when applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission: The first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal are combined with the second PAPR reduction signal to form a third PAPR reduction signal before applying the first PAPR reduction signal and the second PAPR reduction signal to the data transmission.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first ratio and the second ratio are determined based on one or more of: Channel conditions, The number of available peak reduction tones, whether a target peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can be achieved using the core applied to the reserved tone, or Share the peak reduction tone with other user equipment.

17. The method of claim 15, wherein the transmitting device is a base station, and the method further comprises: An indication of parameters for at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio is sent to the recipient device.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal is generated from a first core and the second PAPR reduction signal is generated from a second core.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the first kernel is configured to generate the first PAPR reduction signal without affecting error vector magnitude (EVM), and the second kernel is configured to generate the second PAPR reduction signal without peak regrowth.

20. The method of claim 13, wherein the transmitting device is a base station, and the method further comprises: The indication to apply PAPR reduction to the data transmission is transmitted to the recipient device.

21. The method of claim 13, wherein the transmitting device is a user equipment (UE), the method further comprising: The indication to apply PAPR reduction to the data transmission is received from a base station.

22. A method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the transmitting device is a user equipment (UE) and the receiving device is a base station, and wherein the UE receives an indication of the location of the reserved frequency in at least one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, downlink control information (DCI), or media access control-control element (MAC-CE).

23. The method of claim 13, wherein the transmitting device is a base station, and wherein the base station indicates the location of the reserved frequency tone in at least one of radio resource control (RRC) signaling, downlink control information (DCI), or media access control-control element (MAC-CE).

24. An apparatus for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising: Memory; as well as at least one processor communicatively connected to the memory, the at least one processor configured to: receiving a data transmission from a transmitting device, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission is reduced by a linear combination of a first peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal at the transmitting device, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal comprises a first set of peak reduction tones (PRTs) within a plurality of tones, and the plurality of tones further comprises one or more data tones, and the first set of PRTs does not overlap with the one or more data tones, and wherein the second PAPR reduction signal comprises a second set of PRTs within the plurality of tones, and at least a portion of the second set of PRTs overlaps with the one or more data tones and the second set of PRTs does not overlap with the first set of PRTs; identifying a location, amplitude, and phase of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced based on a location of the first set of PRTs or the second set of PRTs or the one or more data tones or a combination thereof; as well as At least a portion of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that was reduced is regenerated based at least in part on the identified position, amplitude, and phase of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that was reduced.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the memory and the at least one processor are further configured to: A first ratio is applied to the first PAPR reduction signal and a second ratio is applied to the second PAPR reduction signal.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the first ratio and the second ratio are determined based on one or more of: Channel conditions, The number of available peak reduction tones, Can the target peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) be achieved with the core applied to the reserved tone, or Share the peak reduction tone with other user equipment.

27. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising: a transceiver communicatively coupled to the memory and the at least one processor, wherein the recipient device is a base station, the at least one processor and the transceiver being further configured to: An indication of a parameter for at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio is transmitted to the transmitting device.

28. A method for wireless communication at a receiving device, comprising: receiving a data transmission from a transmitting device, wherein at least one signal peak of the data transmission is reduced by a linear combination of a first peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction signal and a second PAPR reduction signal at the transmitting device, wherein the first PAPR reduction signal comprises a first set of peak reduction tones (PRTs) within a plurality of tones, and the plurality of tones further comprises one or more data tones, and the first set of PRTs does not overlap with the one or more data tones, and wherein the second PAPR reduction signal comprises a second set of PRTs within the plurality of tones, and at least a portion of the second set of PRTs overlaps with the one or more data tones and the second set of PRTs does not overlap with the first set of PRTs; identifying a location, amplitude, and phase of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that is reduced based on a location of the first set of PRTs or the second set of PRTs or the one or more data tones or a combination thereof; as well as At least a portion of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that was reduced is regenerated based at least in part on the identified position, amplitude, and phase of the at least one signal peak of the data transmission that was reduced.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising: A first ratio is applied to the first PAPR reduction signal and a second ratio is applied to the second PAPR reduction signal.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the first ratio and the second ratio are determined based on one or more of: Channel conditions, The number of available peak reduction tones, Can the target peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) be achieved with the core applied to the reserved tone, or Share the peak reduction tone with other user equipment.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein the receiving device is a base station, the method further comprising: An indication of a parameter for at least one of the first ratio or the second ratio is sent to the transmitting device.

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