A method for raising strawberry seedlings by cutting in elevated propagation plug trays

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for raising strawberry seedlings by cuttings in a strawberry elevated propagation plug tray, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation and management. The method for raising strawberry seedlings by cuttings in a strawberry elevated propagation plug tray comprises the following steps: (1) placing a cultivation rack in a greenhouse of a nursery ground, then placing a mother plant cultivation substrate in a mother plant cultivation groove of the cultivation rack, then planting strawberry overwintering seedlings, and performing temperature and water and fertilizer management; (2) placing a mother plant cultivation substrate in a Dalang seedling induction slot of the cultivation rack, and then inserting the Dalang seedlings from which the strawberry overwintering seedlings are produced into the Dalang seedling induction slot; (3) after 90 to 120 days of planting the strawberry overwintering seedlings, collecting the runners of the strawberry overwintering seedlings and the Dalang seedlings as seedlings, and then cutting the seedlings in a plug tray containing the seedling cultivation substrate for strawberry seedling propagation, and performing post-cutting management of the seedlings. The propagation method of the invention reduces the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as red column root rot, wilt, and verticillium wilt to the greatest extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation and management, and in particular to a method for raising strawberry seedlings by cutting in elevated propagation plug trays. Background Art

[0002] The main method of raising strawberry seedlings in the prior art is to raise seedlings by inserting them into the ground bed. The specific method is as follows: in spring, the mother strawberry plant is planted in the soil. After the runner seedlings appear one after another, the seedlings are fixed on the soil together with the runners in time with a seedling pressing fork to promote their rooting. During this period, the nutrients of the mother plant are transported to the seedlings through the runners. Before planting, the runners connecting the seedlings to the mother plant are cut off. Generally, each runner can be inserted with 4 to 5 commercial seedlings in succession, and generally about 30,000 qualified strawberry seedlings can be bred per mu. However, this method has the following disadvantages and shortcomings: (1) It cannot be separated from the soil, and the seedlings are prone to soil-borne diseases. Traditional soil seedling raising adopts the insertion technology. Since pathogens such as Fusarium and Phytophthora that cause soil-borne diseases are often present in the soil, it is easy to induce soil-borne diseases. Even if chloropicrin and other agents can be used for soil fumigation and disinfection, the high temperature period in summer when disinfection is most effective is often the seedling stage. Therefore, it is impossible to effectively disinfect and sterilize, and thus it is impossible to completely avoid the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. (2) The seedlings of runners are inserted and transplanted as soon as they occur, resulting in large differences in the age of the seedlings. Since the occurrence time of runner seedlings varies, the method of inserting and transplanting seedlings as soon as the seedlings emerge and are fixed results in the seedlings of early inserted seedlings being older and the seedlings of late inserted seedlings being younger when they are transplanted. The difference in seedling age can reach more than 30 days. The strawberry seedlings are not of the same age, and the commercial seedlings grow unevenly when they are transplanted. Summary of the invention

[0003] The invention aims to provide a strawberry elevated propagation plug tray cutting seedling raising method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is a method for raising strawberry seedlings by cuttings in elevated propagation trays, comprising the following steps:

[0006] (1) placing a cultivation rack in a greenhouse of a nursery site, then placing a mother plant cultivation substrate in a mother plant cultivation trough of the cultivation rack, then planting strawberry overwintering seedlings (mother plants), and performing temperature, water and fertilizer management;

[0007] (2) placing the mother plant cultivation substrate in the Dalang seedling guide slot of the cultivation rack, and then inserting the Dalang seedling guide produced by the wintering strawberry seedlings into the Dalang seedling guide slot (to assist the mother plant in seedling propagation);

[0008] It increases the number of runner seedlings per unit area, avoids the Dalang seedlings being too old when they are planted, and improves the reproduction coefficient of the appropriate age seedlings.

[0009] (3) 90 to 120 days after the strawberry overwintering seedlings were planted, the runners of the strawberry overwintering seedlings and the Dalang seedlings were collected as seedlings, and then the seedlings were propagated by cuttings in hole trays containing seedling cultivation medium, and the seedlings were managed after cuttings.

[0010] Furthermore, the altitude of the nursery ground is a high and cold land of 800 to 1000 m; the cultivation rack is composed of 1 main frame and 2 Dalang seedling introduction slot racks; the main frame is provided with a mother plant cultivation slot; the Dalang seedling introduction slot rack is provided with a Dalang seedling introduction slot.

[0011] The low temperature in the high cold land can alleviate the problem of anthracnose infection caused by high temperature and high humidity conditions (anthracnose not only produces diseased leaves, but is more likely to infect strawberries and shorten stems, leading to seedling death). Although anthracnose is not a soil-borne disease, it is also an important disease that has caused seedling death in recent years; the low temperature in the high cold land causes flower bud differentiation to begin relatively early in autumn (after mid-August), which is conducive to natural low temperatures to promote flowering and early maturity of strawberries. The seedling raising method of the present invention is applied in low-altitude plains, and the cost of cooling to promote flowering is high, and the water in the substrate evaporates quickly, so frequent watering is required; the temperature in the nursery ground is high, and a high temperature and high humidity environment is prone to occur, and diseases such as anthracnose are serious, which is not conducive to the cultivation of disease-free seedlings.

[0012] The nursery site has a high altitude and a cool climate, which is conducive to the differentiation of flower buds of strawberry seedlings. Combined with 8h short-day treatment, the time of flower bud differentiation of seedlings can be further advanced.

[0013] Furthermore, the greenhouse is a solar greenhouse, a multi-span greenhouse or a single greenhouse with ventilation, shading, cooling, sprinkler irrigation, spraying functions and complete water and electricity facilities; the old greenhouse is disinfected with chemicals before use, with 1.65 kg of potassium permanganate, 1.65 kg of formaldehyde and 8.4 kg of boiling water mixed for disinfection per acre. The method is: add formaldehyde to boiling water, and then add potassium permanganate to produce a smoke reaction, close the greenhouse for 48 hours and ventilate it, and it can be used after the smell is gone.

[0014] Furthermore, the height of the main frame is 1.3-1.4m, the width is 20-30cm, and the length is designed according to the length of the greenhouse; the height of the Dalang seedling introduction slot frame is 7-8cm lower than the main frame, the width is 15cm, and the length is designed according to the length of the greenhouse; the depth of the mother plant cultivation trough is 25-35cm, and 2 drip irrigation pipes are laid on each mother plant cultivation trough; the depth of the Dalang seedling introduction slot is 8-10cm, and 1 drip irrigation pipe is laid on each Dalang seedling introduction slot; the spacing between the cultivation frames is ≥80cm; the ground between the rows is covered with ground cloth or reflective film.

[0015] Furthermore, the cultivation rack is made of galvanized pipe.

[0016] Furthermore, the mother plant cultivation trough and the Dalang seedling inlet slot are both made of flexible materials, and the non-woven fabric and the plastic water-conducting film are fixed on both sides to the crossbar of the cultivation frame, with the non-woven fabric on the top and the plastic film on the bottom, and the middle naturally droops to form a U-shaped groove, and the plastic water-conducting film is punched every 50 cm for drainage.

[0017] Furthermore, the mother plant cultivation trough and the Dalang seedling inlet slot are foam cultivation troughs with a length, width and height of 90 cm, 25 cm and 20 cm respectively. 8 plants are planted in each trough, and a drip irrigation arrow is inserted between every 2 mother plants for watering.

[0018] Furthermore, the mother plant cultivation matrix is ​​composed of a nutrient matrix and a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three-element compound fertilizer (15-15-15); the nutrient matrix is ​​earthworm castings, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 4:1:1; the volume / mass ratio of the nutrient matrix and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three-element compound fertilizer is 1m 3 :1-2kg; the pH value of the mother plant cultivation medium is 6.5-7.0.

[0019] The functional seedling substrate earthworm castings in the mother plant cultivation substrate can make the mother plant grow strong, with thick stolons, strong seedlings, strong vigor, and grow neatly after cuttings, and take root quickly and grow vigorously.

[0020] Furthermore, the mother plant cultivation matrix also contains biological organic fertilizer, and the volume ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the nutrient matrix is ​​5:100.

[0021] Furthermore, the addition amount of the composite bacterial agent in the biological organic fertilizer is 0.2-0.3wt.%; the effective live bacteria count of the composite bacterial agent is ≥ 20 million / g.

[0022] Furthermore, the strawberry overwintering seedlings are planted in double rows in the mother plant cultivation trough, with a plant spacing of 15 cm and a planting density of 6,000 to 8,000 plants per mu (elevated dense planting, 33% higher than the density of ordinary elevated breeding mother plants). The substrate is first watered to wet it before planting, and then watered thoroughly after planting. The varieties of the strawberry overwintering seedlings include any one of Hongyan, Christmas Red, Xiangye and Pink Jade.

[0023] Furthermore, the strawberry overwintering seedlings are of pure variety, have more than 3 new leaves and more than 5 fibrous roots, are short and strong, and are free of diseases and insect pests (mother seedlings); the mother seedlings are renewed as virus-free seedlings every 2 to 3 years; in non-renewal years, the seedlings from the nursery ground or the runner seedlings selected from the production shed from December to March of the following year are transplanted and cultivated.

[0024] Furthermore, the temperature and water-fertilizer management specifically include: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to 25-30°C during the day and 15-18°C at night, and taking appropriate shading and other measures to cool down during high temperature periods; keeping the substrate dry and moist before the occurrence of runners, and strengthening water management during the period of massive occurrence of runners and seedlings to keep the substrate moist (it is best if the sides of the substrate groove do not seep water and the edges of the strawberry leaves "spit water" in the early morning); starting topdressing 20 days after the strawberry overwintering seedlings are planted, and applying 3-4 kg / mu of balanced water-soluble fertilizer or humic acid water-soluble fertilizer once every 10-15 days; after 70 days of planting, applying 3-4 kg / mu of balanced water-soluble fertilizer or humic acid water-soluble fertilizer once every 7-10 days.

[0025] Furthermore, the water and fertilizer management also includes: applying a liquid microbial agent (effective live bacteria count ≥ 2 billion / mL) that antagonizes soil-borne pathogens once with water after the seedlings have grown.

[0026] Furthermore, for varieties with fewer runners (Monterey, San Andreas, Linguo Four Seasons, etc.), you can spray 40-60 mg / L gibberellin 1-2 times when the runners begin to grow, and focus on spraying the heart leaves when the temperature is high at noon, with an interval of 7-10 days between each spraying; when the Dalang seedlings have 2-3 leaves, use a seedling pressing fork to fix them in the Dalang seedling guide slot in time, and keep the substrate moist to promote rooting, remove old and diseased leaves in time, spray broad-spectrum fungicide in time after each leaf break to prevent wound infection, and apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer once with water; the mother plant always maintains about 5 leaves. If the mother plant has branches, keep 1-2 at most, and the number of leaves does not exceed 8.

[0027] When the Dalang seedlings have 1 leaf, the root primordium has not yet appeared, and they cannot root and survive in a short period of time after cutting. The time of seedling formation and stolons is similar to that of 2-3 leaf cuttings. When the Dalang seedlings are 5-6 leaves, the seedlings are older, the rooting is slow, the stolons are late, and the number of seedlings is small. When the cuttings are 2-3 leaves, the rooting and seedling formation is fast, the number of stolons is large, and the number of seedlings is the largest.

[0028] Furthermore, the seedling cultivation matrix is ​​peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 7:2:1 (before the seedlings are cut, water is added to the matrix to a relative humidity of about 40%, and the seedlings are stacked for 2 to 3 hours before being plated); the plug tray is a 24-hole or 32-hole strawberry plug tray; the seedlings are stolon seedlings with 2 to 3 leaves and 1 heart, no roots or a small amount of primary roots, each seedling retains 1 unfolded leaf, other leaves retain petioles, and the stolon retains 3 to 5 cm. After the seedlings are processed, they are immediately placed in a foam box for moisture retention and standby use. The seedlings are generally cut within 3 hours. The seedlings that are not used for a short time can be put into a large plastic bag for proper ventilation and temporarily stored in a 0°C cold storage or a cool room with air conditioning.

[0029] Furthermore, the holes of the plug tray are long conical, with an upper diameter of 50 mm, a lower diameter of 18 mm, and a depth of 120 mm; the old plug tray can be disinfected in advance by spraying 40% formaldehyde 100 times diluted solution and then covering it with a film, sealing it for 7 days, then uncovering it, washing it with clean water, and drying it for later use.

[0030] The cuttings seedlings grow in a newly prepared substrate, which can minimize the infection of soil-borne diseases that cause seedling death, such as red column root rot, wilt, and verticillium wilt; the mother plant and the cuttings seedlings are grown in a well-ventilated, rain-sheltered greenhouse. In addition, the climate in the nursery is cool, with suitable temperature and humidity, and the diseases that may cause seedling death, such as anthracnose and hollow disease (angular spot) are mild. Combined with scientific chemical control measures, the strawberry seedlings can be effectively prevented from being infected with bacteria.

[0031] Furthermore, the seedling cuttings specifically include: selecting a cool and windproof place for the cutting operation, pressing the base of the runner retained on the seedling with a seedling pressing fork, and fixing the seedling in the seedling cultivation medium.

[0032] Furthermore, the management of the seedlings after cutting specifically includes: spraying water once after cutting, and then spraying water 1-2 times a day to maintain the moisture content of the substrate at 60-70%, controlling water 30 days after cutting, not watering if the leaves are not wilted, and generally not watering 7 days before transplanting; in the early stage after cutting, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse: 28-30°C during the day and 15-20°C at night; after the seedlings are rooted, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse: 22-2 5℃ at night and 15-18℃ at night; spray within 3-5 days after cutting to keep the air humidity above 95%, gradually shorten the spraying time after 3-5 days, and stop spraying 14 days after cutting; cover the greenhouse with 70% sunshade nets to avoid light within 7 days after cutting, and gradually transition from light in the morning and evening to light all day after 7 days; spray the leaves with balanced water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20+TE) once 14 days after cutting, and spray again after an interval of 7 days.

[0033] Furthermore, the method for raising strawberry seedlings by cuttings on elevated propagation trays also includes: performing a flower promotion treatment 30 days after the seedlings are cut; and performing pest and disease control during the strawberry seedling propagation period;

[0034] The flower-promoting treatment specifically includes: stopping the application of nitrogen fertilizer, spraying 0.2-0.3wt.% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves twice, with an interval of 7-10 days between each spraying; performing shading treatment to make the daily light time 8 hours; fully ventilating the greenhouse, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to ≤25°C;

[0035] The pest and disease control specifically includes: using spirotetramat, acetamiprid and chlorantraniliprole to control whiteflies and aphids; using thiophanate-methyl, myclobutanil, copper thiocarb and chlorobromoisocyanuric acid to control fungal and bacterial diseases.

[0036] Furthermore, the disease prevention and control also includes physical prevention, specifically: setting a 40-mesh insect-proof net at the door and air vents of the shed, and hanging yellow and blue boards in the shed.

[0037] Furthermore, the disease prevention and control further includes:

[0038] Anthracnose prevention and control: In the early stage of the disease, spray 25% pyraclostrobin suspension 2000 times diluted solution or 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800 times diluted solution on the leaves, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and spray continuously 2 to 3 times.

[0039] Powdery mildew control: In the early stage of the disease, spray 2000 times diluted solution of 30% acestrobin suspension or 1000 times diluted solution of 4% pyrimidine nucleoside aqueous solution on the leaves, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and spray continuously for 2 to 3 times.

[0040] Prevention and control of bacterial leaf spot: In the early stage of the disease, spray 350 times diluted solution of 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 300 times diluted solution of 14% copper chloramine aqueous solution, 200 times diluted solution of 2% agroantibiotic 120 aqueous solution or 1000 times diluted solution of 3% sinomenine wettable powder on the leaves. Spray once every 7 to 10 days, and spray continuously for 2 to 3 times.

[0041] Prevention and control of red stele root rot: Remove diseased plants promptly when found, and water them with 58% metalaxyl mancozeb wettable powder or 800 times diluted 72% cymoxanil mancozeb wettable powder, apply the medicine once every 5 to 7 days, and continue to use it 2 to 3 times.

[0042] Control of thrips, aphids and whiteflies: In the early stage of the occurrence, spray the leaves with 2500 times diluted 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, 2500 times diluted 4.5% high-efficiency clofocyanate emulsifiable concentrate or 2000 times diluted 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, once every 7 to 10 days, and spray continuously for 2 to 3 times.

[0043] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0044] (1) The present invention grafts the obtained runner seedlings into a seedling cultivation medium, which is separated from the soil environment and reduces the occurrence of soil-borne diseases such as red stele root rot, wilt, and Verticillium wilt to the greatest extent.

[0045] (2) The mother plant cultivation purpose of the present invention is as high as 8,000 plants / mu, achieving high-rise dense planting of mother plants, which is 33% higher than the density of ordinary high-rise breeding mother plants.

[0046] (3) The present invention fixes the Dalang seedlings generated from each runner (the first seedling generated on each runner) in the Dalang seedling guide slot, which can assist the mother plant in seedling propagation, significantly increase the number of seedlings, and avoid the problem of the Dalang seedlings being too old when they are planted.

[0047] (4) Collecting runner seedlings in a short period of time and cuttings to ensure uniformity of seedlings, so that the obtained strawberry seedlings are close in age when transplanted, all of which are 50 to 60 days old. After transplanting, they are easy to root and grow uniformly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cultivation rack used in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a photo of the mother plant after cultivation according to Example 1 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a photo of the strawberry seedlings propagated in Example 1 of the present invention after planting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as limiting the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0053] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only for describing special embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, for the numerical range in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the scope is also specifically disclosed. Each smaller range between the intermediate value in any stated value or stated range and any other stated value or intermediate value in the described range is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded in the scope.

[0054] Unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those generally understood by those skilled in the art. Although the present invention describes only preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and materials related to the documents. In the event of a conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0055] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations may be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention description without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Other embodiments derived from the present invention description will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The present application description and examples are exemplary only.

[0056] The words “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc. used in this document are open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0057] The mother plants (mother seedlings) used in the following embodiments of the present invention are renewed as virus-free seedlings every 2 to 3 years; in non-renewal years, the seedlings from the nursery ground or the runner seedlings selected from the production shed from December to March of the following year are transplanted and cultivated.

[0058] The liquid microbial agent used in the following examples of the present invention is 'Jiwei·Duokangwang' liquid microbial agent (effective viable bacteria count ≥ 2 billion / mL), and the effective strains are Bacillus megaterium and Paenibacillus jelly-like, produced by Hebei Runwo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0059] The composite bacterial agent added to the biological organic fertilizer of the following embodiments of the present invention is Diworun brand microbial fertilizer, in which the effective bacterial species are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus mucilaginosus, which is produced by Hebei Runwo Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] A method for raising strawberry seedlings by cuttings in elevated propagation trays:

[0062] (1) Nursery grounds and nursery rooms

[0063] The nursery ground is located in Laiyuan County, Baoding City, Hebei Province (the nursery field of Highland Agricultural Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd.), with an altitude of 800-1000m, good lighting and ventilation, and convenient irrigation and drainage.

[0064] The greenhouse is a multi-span greenhouse (old greenhouse) with ventilation, shading, cooling, sprinkler irrigation, spraying functions, and complete water and electricity facilities; the old greenhouse is disinfected with chemicals before use, with 1.65kg of potassium permanganate, 1.65kg of formaldehyde, and 8.4kg of boiling water mixed for disinfection per acre. The method is: add formaldehyde to boiling water, then add potassium permanganate to produce a smoke reaction, close the greenhouse for 48 hours and ventilate it, and it can be used after the smell is gone.

[0065] (2) Prepare the strawberry mother plant cultivation rack (mother plant elevated planting trough, see the structural diagram for details) Figure 1 )

[0066] A. Use galvanized pipes to make the cultivation rack, which consists of 1 main frame and 2 Dalang seedling guide slot racks (the 2 Dalang seedling guide slot racks are placed on both sides of the main frame respectively); the height of the main frame is 130cm, the width is 25cm, and the length is the same as the length of the greenhouse; the height of the Dalang seedling guide slot rack is 123cm, the width is 15cm, and the length is the same as the length of the greenhouse.

[0067] B. Set the mother plant cultivation trough and Dalang seedling induction slot on the top of the main frame and the Dalang seedling induction slot frame, that is, fix the non-woven fabric and plastic water-conducting film on both sides to the horizontal bar of the cultivation frame, with the non-woven fabric on the top and the plastic film on the bottom, and naturally droop in the middle to form a U-shaped trough. The depth of the mother plant cultivation trough is about 30cm, and the depth of the Dalang seedling induction slot is about 9cm. The plastic water-conducting film is punched every 50cm for drainage. Two drip irrigation pipes are laid on each mother plant cultivation trough, and one drip irrigation pipe is laid on each Dalang seedling induction slot; the distance between adjacent cultivation frames is 80cm, and the ground between rows is covered with reflective film.

[0068] (3) Mother plant cultivation

[0069] A. Selection of strawberry overwintering seedlings (mother plants): Select overwintering seedlings of pure variety (Red Beauty), with more than 3 new leaves and more than 5 fibrous roots, strong, and free of diseases and pests as mother plants.

[0070] B. Mother plant planting: At the end of March, add mother plant cultivation substrate to the mother plant cultivation trough, water to wet the substrate, and then plant the mother plants in double rows (the planting depth is deep enough not to bury the heart and shallow enough not to expose the roots), with a plant spacing of 15 cm, 8,000 plants per mu, and water thoroughly after planting.

[0071] The mother plant cultivation medium is composed of a volume / mass ratio of 1m 3 :0.05m 3 :1.5kg of nutrient matrix, biological organic fertilizer and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three-element fertilizer (15-15-15), with a pH value of 6.8; the nutrient matrix is ​​composed of earthworm castings, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 4:1:1; the biological organic fertilizer contains 0.25wt.% compound bacterial agent (the effective live bacteria count of the compound bacterial agent is ≥ 20 million / g).

[0072] C. Temperature and water and fertilizer management

[0073] Temperature: The temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 25-30℃ during the day and 15-18℃ at night. Appropriate shading and other measures should be taken to cool down during high temperature periods.

[0074] Water management: Keep the substrate dry and moist before the occurrence of runners. During the period when runners and seedlings occur in large numbers, strengthen water management and keep the substrate moist (it is best if the sides of the substrate groove do not seep water and the edges of the strawberry leaves "spit water" in the early morning).

[0075] Fertilizer management: 5 days after transplanting (after seedlings have grown), apply liquid microbial agents (effective live bacteria count ≥ 2 billion / mL) that antagonize soil-borne pathogens once with water; 20 days after transplanting the mother plants (15 days after seedlings have grown), start topdressing, and apply 3.5 kg / mu of balanced water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20+TE) every 12 days; 70 days after transplanting, apply 3.5 kg / mu of balanced water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20+TE) every 8 days.

[0076] (4) Plant management

[0077] When the runners begin to grow, spray 50mg / L gibberellin twice. When the temperature is high at noon, focus on spraying the heart leaves, with an interval of 8 days between each spraying. When the Dalang seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves, use a seedling pressing fork to fix them in the Dalang seedling guide slot (the Dalang seedling guide slot contains the mother plant cultivation matrix), and keep the matrix moist to promote rooting, and remove old and diseased leaves in time. After each leaf break, spray a broad-spectrum fungicide (chlorothalonil) to prevent wound infection, and apply high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer (nitrogen content 30%, 5kg per mu) with water. The mother plant always has about 5 leaves. If the mother plant has branches, keep 1 to 2 at most, and the number of leaves should not exceed 8. See the specific photos after planting. Figure 2 .

[0078] (5) Cuttings of runner seedlings

[0079] A. Preparation of plug trays and seedling cultivation medium

[0080] The plug tray is a 32-hole strawberry plug tray (old plug tray), the holes are oblong cone-shaped, the upper diameter is 50mm, the lower diameter is 18mm, and the depth is 120mm; the old plug tray is disinfected in advance, sprayed with 100 times diluted 40% formaldehyde and covered with a film, sealed for 7 days, then uncovered, washed with clean water and dried for later use.

[0081] The seedling cultivation medium is composed of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 7:2:1 (before the seedlings are cut, water is added to the medium to a relative humidity of about 40%, and it is stacked for 2 hours before being placed on a tray).

[0082] B. Seedling cutting cultivation

[0083] In early July, cut the runner seedlings (stolons produced by mother plants and Dalang seedlings) with 2 to 3 leaves and 1 heart, no roots or a small amount of primary roots. Keep one expanded leaf for each seedling, keep the petioles of other leaves, and keep about 4 cm of the runners. Choose a cool and windproof place for cuttings, use a seedling pressing fork to press down the base of the runner retained on the seedling, and fix the seedling in the seedling cultivation medium.

[0084] C. Management after seedling cutting

[0085] Water management: Spray once for thorough irrigation after cuttings, and then spray twice a day to maintain the moisture content of the substrate at 60-70%. Start to control water appropriately in mid-August, do not water until the leaves wilt, and generally do not water for 7 days before transplanting.

[0086] Temperature: In the early stage after cutting (before the seedlings take root), control the temperature in the greenhouse: 28-30℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night; after the seedlings take root, control the temperature in the greenhouse: 22-25℃ during the day and 15-18℃ at night.

[0087] Humidity: Spray within 4 days of cutting to keep the air humidity above 95%. After 4 days, gradually shorten the spraying time (so that the humidity gradually drops from 80% to 50%), and stop spraying 14 days after cutting.

[0088] Light: Cover the greenhouse with a shade net with a shading rate of 70% for 7 days after cutting to avoid light. After 7 days, gradually transition from light in the morning and evening to light all day.

[0089] Fertilizer management: Spray the leaves with balanced water-soluble fertilizer (20-20-20+TE) once 14 days after cutting, and spray again after an interval of 7 days.

[0090] (6) Flowering promotion treatment

[0091] Flower promotion treatment began in mid-August, and the method is as follows: stop applying nitrogen fertilizer, spray 0.2wt.% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves twice, with an interval of 8 days each time; shade by covering with shade nets, maintain 8 hours of light per day; fully ventilate the greenhouse, and maintain the temperature below 25℃ and above 10℃.

[0092] (7) Pest and disease control

[0093] Physical control: Set up 40-mesh insect-proof nets at the entrance and air vents of the shed, and hang yellow and blue boards in the shed.

[0094] Chemical control:

[0095] Anthracnose prevention and control: In the early stage of the disease, spray 25% pyraclostrobin suspension at 2000 times dilution on the leaves, spray once every 7 days, and spray twice in a row.

[0096] Powdery mildew control: In the early stage of the disease, spray 2000 times diluted solution of 30% acethionyl suspension on the leaves, spray once every 7 days, and spray twice in a row.

[0097] Prevention and control of bacterial leaf spot: In the early stage of the disease, spray 350 times diluted solution of 70% mancozeb wettable powder on the leaves, spray once every 7 days, and spray twice in a row.

[0098] Prevention and control of red stele root rot: remove diseased plants promptly upon discovery, and irrigate with 58% metalaxyl mancozeb wettable powder (diluted 400 times, irrigate roots, 200 mL per mother plant, 20 mL per seedling), apply the drug once every 5 days for 3 consecutive times.

[0099] Control of thrips, aphids and whiteflies: In the early stage of the outbreak, spray 2500 times diluted 2.5% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate on the leaves, once every 7 days, for 2 consecutive times.

[0100] (8) Strawberry seedlings

[0101] Strawberry seedlings were obtained 60 days after the seedlings were cut. The plants were complete and free of diseases and insect pests. They had 4 to 5 normally developed compound leaves, which were bright green. The petioles were thick, the plant was short and strong, and the plant height was about 10 to 15 cm. The rhizome was 0.8 to 1.0 cm thick, and there were many thick and white fibrous roots.

[0102] Comparative Example 1

[0103] The same as Example 1, the only difference is that no Dalang seedling slotting rack is set, and the Dalang seedlings continue to hang in the air to grow, and are taken down for cuttings when the runner seedlings are collected in July.

[0104] About 110,000 seedlings can be produced, and after the seedlings are grafted, about 98,000 strawberry seedlings can be successfully obtained.

[0105] Comparative Example 2

[0106] Conventional ground bed propagation (insertion of soil block seedlings):

[0107] After the mother plant produces runners, spread them evenly on the seedling bed. When the seedlings have 2 to 3 leaves, use a seedling pressing fork to fix the seedlings on the seedling bed to promote rooting. Dig out the strawberry seedlings with soil one week before transplanting and store them.

[0108] Effect Example 1

[0109] The strawberry seedlings (cutting matrix seedlings) obtained in Example 1 were planted (see the photos after planting). Figure 3 ), the planting site was Zhaofeng Strawberry Garden in Anci, Langfang, and the strawberry seedlings purchased from Shunping Yantian Cooperative (propagated by conventional ground bed transplanting technology, transplanting soil block seedlings) were used as controls. The occurrence of soil-borne diseases was investigated 20 days after planting (the incidence of soil-borne diseases can reflect the fungus situation of seedlings). The investigation scope included soil-borne diseases such as seedling death caused by red column root rot, wilt, and verticillium wilt. The investigation results are shown in Table 1.

[0110] Incidence rate = number of diseased plants / total number of plants × 100%.

[0111] Table 1 Table 1 Incidence of soil-borne diseases of strawberry seedlings (unit: %)

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] As can be seen from Table 1, cutting matrix seedlings rarely suffer from soil-borne diseases, with the incidence of red stele root rot being 0%, and the incidence of wilt and verticillium wilt being only 0.77%. However, the incidence of red stele root rot in soil block seedlings was 3.85%, and the incidence of wilt and verticillium wilt was 6.15%. It can be seen that cutting matrix seedlings can minimize soil-borne diseases.

[0115] Effect Example 2

[0116] Strawberry seedling grade survey

[0117] The strawberry seedling grades of the strawberry seedlings obtained in Example 1 (cutting matrix seedlings) and the strawberry seedlings propagated by conventional ground bed cutting technology (cutting block seedlings) were investigated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0118] The grading standards are as follows:

[0119] Level 1: The standard is that the new stem is more than 1 cm thick, there are more than 10 main roots of 10 cm in length, and there are 4 leaves and 1 heart.

[0120] Level 2: The standard is that the new stem is more than 0.8 cm thick, there are more than 8 main roots of 8 cm in length, and there are 3 leaves and 1 heart.

[0121] Level 3: The standard is that the new stem is more than 0.6 cm thick, there are more than 6 main roots of 6 cm in length, and there are 3 leaves and 1 heart.

[0122] Table 2 Survey on the grade of strawberry seedlings

[0123] type Number of plants surveyed Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Cutting substrate seedlings 400 3.75 25.00 71.25 Inserting soil seedlings 400 25.00 27.50 47.50

[0124] (Unit: %, i.e. the percentage of strawberry seedlings of each grade in the total number surveyed).

[0125] As can be seen from Table 2, most of the seedlings in the cutting matrix are grade 3 seedlings, which are 23.75% more than the seedlings in the soil block; 1 / 4 are grade 2 seedlings, which are 2.50% less than the seedlings in the soil block; the grade 1 seedling rate in the cutting matrix seedlings is only 3.75%, while 1 / 4 of the seedlings in the soil block are grade 1 seedlings. According to research, grade 3 strawberry seedlings have a fast seedling growth, the highest survival rate, and the earliest flowering after the shed is covered. They also have the highest yield under the same soil fertility and the same management conditions, followed by grade 2 seedlings. Grade 1 seedlings are mostly old seedlings with many old roots, the worst vitality, and the lowest yield. As can be seen from the above, the uniformity of the cutting matrix seedlings is high, and the proportion of grade 2 and grade 3 high-quality seedlings is 21.25% higher than that of the seedlings in the soil block, which has great potential for increasing production.

[0126] Effect Example 3

[0127] The number of strawberry seedlings propagated by Example 1 and conventional ground bed cutting technology is shown in Table 3. Among them, the survival rate of seedlings propagated by mother plants in the elevated propagation cutting seedling technology is slightly lower, at 92.5%, and the commercial seedlings propagated account for 62.4% of the total number of seedlings. The survival rate of seedlings propagated by Dalang seedlings is relatively high, at 94.8%, and the number of commercial seedlings accounts for 37.6%. The survival rate of seedlings in ground bed seedlings is the highest, at 95.2%, but the number of seedlings per mu is relatively small, which is 23.8% of the amount of seedlings propagated by elevated cutting seedlings. The survival rate of commercial seedlings in Example 1 is relatively high, at more than 98%, and the survival rate of commercial seedlings in the control example is slightly lower, at 96.2%.

[0128] Table 3 Survey on the number and survival rate of strawberry seedlings

[0129]

[0130] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for raising strawberry seedlings by plug-tray cuttings on a high-rise propagation platform, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) placing a cultivation rack in a greenhouse of a nursery site, then placing a mother plant cultivation substrate in a mother plant cultivation trough of the cultivation rack, then planting strawberry overwintering seedlings, and performing temperature, water and fertilizer management; (2) placing a mother plant cultivation substrate into the Dalang seedling guide slot of the cultivation frame, and then inserting the Dalang seedling guide produced by the wintering strawberry seedlings into the Dalang seedling guide slot; (3) 90 to 120 days after the strawberry overwintering seedlings were planted, the runners of the strawberry overwintering seedlings and the Dalang seedlings were collected as seedlings, and then the seedlings were propagated by cuttings in plug trays containing seedling cultivation substrates, and post-cutting management of the seedlings was performed; The strawberry overwintering seedlings are planted in double rows in the mother plant cultivation trough, with a plant spacing of 15 cm and a planting density of 6,000 to 8,000 plants per mu; the varieties of the strawberry overwintering seedlings include any one of Hongyan, Christmas Red, Xiangye and Pink Jade; The altitude of the nursery ground is 800-1000m; the cultivation rack is composed of a main rack and two Dalang seedling introduction slot racks; the main rack is provided with a mother plant cultivation slot; the Dalang seedling introduction slot rack is provided with a Dalang seedling introduction slot; The height of the main frame is 1.3-1.4m, and the width is 20-30cm; the height of the Dalang seedling slot frame is 7-8cm lower than the main frame, and the width is 15cm; the depth of the mother plant cultivation groove is 25-35cm, and two drip irrigation pipes are laid on each mother plant cultivation groove; the depth of the Dalang seedling slot is 8-10cm, and one drip irrigation pipe is laid on each Dalang seedling slot; the spacing between the cultivation frames is ≥80cm; The seedling cultivation medium is peat, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 7:2:1; the plug tray is a 24-hole or 32-hole plug tray specially designed for strawberries; the seedling is a runner seedling with 2 to 3 leaves and 1 heart, no roots or a small amount of primary roots; The management of seedlings after cutting specifically includes: spraying and irrigating once after cutting, and spraying 1-2 times a day thereafter, maintaining the water content of the substrate at 60-70%, controlling water after 30 days of cutting, and not watering if the leaves are not wilted; controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at the beginning after cutting: 28-30°C during the day and 15-20°C at night; controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 22-25°C during the day and 15-18°C at night after the seedlings are rooted; spraying within 3-5 days of cutting to keep the air humidity above 95%, and stopping spraying after 14 days of cutting; covering the greenhouse with a shading net with a shading rate of 70% within 7 days of cutting to avoid light; spraying the leaves with a balanced water-soluble fertilizer once after 14 days of cutting, and spraying again after an interval of 7 days; The method for raising strawberry seedlings by cuttings on elevated propagation trays also includes: performing a flower-promoting treatment 30 days after the seedlings are cut; and performing pest and disease control during the strawberry seedling propagation period; The flower-promoting treatment specifically includes: stopping the application of nitrogen fertilizer, spraying 0.2-0.3wt.% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution on the leaves twice, with an interval of 7-10 days between each spraying; performing shading treatment to make the daily light time 8 hours; fully ventilating the greenhouse, and controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to ≤25°C; The pest and disease control specifically includes: using spirotetramat, acetamiprid and chlorantraniliprole to control whiteflies and aphids; using thiophanate-methyl, myclobutanil, copper thiocarb and chlorobromoisocyanuric acid to control fungal and bacterial diseases.

2. The method for raising strawberry seedlings by elevated propagation plug trays according to claim 1, wherein: The mother plant cultivation matrix is ​​composed of a nutrient matrix and a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three-element compound fertilizer; the nutrient matrix is ​​earthworm castings, vermiculite and perlite in a volume ratio of 4:1:1; the volume / mass ratio of the nutrient matrix and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium three-element compound fertilizer is 1m3:1~2kg; the pH value of the mother plant cultivation matrix is ​​6.5~7.

0.

3. The method for raising strawberry seedlings by elevated propagation plug trays according to claim 2, wherein: The mother plant cultivation matrix also contains biological organic fertilizer, and the volume ratio of the biological organic fertilizer to the nutrient matrix is ​​5:

100.

4. The method for raising strawberry seedlings by elevated propagation plug trays according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature and water-fertilizer management specifically include: controlling the temperature in the greenhouse to 25-30°C during the day and 15-18°C at night; keeping the substrate dry and moist before the occurrence of runners, and strengthening water management to keep the substrate moist during the period when the runners and seedlings occur in large numbers; starting topdressing 20 days after the strawberry overwintering seedlings are planted, and applying 3-4 kg / mu of balanced water-soluble fertilizer or humic acid water-soluble fertilizer once every 10-15 days.

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