Precast wall panels, specialized construction tools and wall construction methods

Abstract

This invention relates to precast wall panels, specialized construction tools, and wall construction methods. The wall panels have one or more vertical through-holes distributed longitudinally, and one or more horizontal holes corresponding to the vertical through-holes on both sides. The vertical through-holes on one or both sides of the horizontal through-holes are wide holes, while the remaining vertical through-holes are conventional holes. The specialized construction tool has a straight tube as its main body, with cuts on its sidewalls forming insertion slots for connecting reinforcing bars. During construction, the straight tube is inserted into the wide vertical hole on the side of the preceding wall panel in the rear wall panel, and connecting reinforcing bars are inserted into the horizontal holes on that side. The inner ends of the connecting reinforcing bars extend into the corresponding insertion slots on the straight tube. After the rear wall panel is installed in place, the straight tube is moved laterally towards the side of the preceding wall panel, causing the outer ends of each connecting reinforcing bar to pass through the corresponding horizontal holes in the preceding wall panel and extend into the vertical through-holes on the side of the rear wall panel in the preceding wall panel. After the straight tube is removed, concrete is poured. This invention facilitates on-site construction operations and the preparation, storage, and transportation of the wall panels.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to precast wall panels, special construction tools for constructing such wall panels, and wall construction methods using such wall panels, belonging to the field of building technology. Background Technology

[0002] Precast wall panels are typically arranged vertically to correspond to the floor height and horizontally in sequence to form a wall. A gap is reserved between adjacent wall panels during installation. The two ends of the horizontal reinforcing bars of the wall panels protrude from both sides of the wall panels and extend into the reserved gap. Reinforcing bars / reinforcing bar frames are set in the reserved gap according to actual needs, and these reinforcing bars are welded / tied together with the horizontal reinforcing bars exposed on both sides of the wall panels. After the formwork on the inner and outer sides is erected, concrete is poured, thereby connecting the wall panels into a wall. For example, Chinese patent document CN115182482A discloses a construction method for a precast hollow wall without external scaffolding. This method uses precast hollow sandwich walls for assembly, with a cast-in-place section between two sandwich walls. A post-installed steel reinforcement skeleton is filled into the pre-reserved gaps in the cast-in-place section. After the post-installed steel reinforcement skeleton and the connecting bars inside the wall are welded and installed, and inspected and accepted, formwork installation begins. The formwork for the cast-in-place section uses a factory-prefabricated external and internal formwork system. A tower crane is used to hoist the external formwork to the outside of the precast wall. A hoisting bracket is installed on the top of the external formwork, and the external formwork is directly hung on the outside of the outer wall through the hoisting bracket. Then, a limiting rod is inserted into the hoisting bracket, at which point the outer wall is located between the limiting rod and the external formwork. After the external formwork is installed, workers install the inner formwork inside the floor, hanging the inner formwork on the pre-fixed fixing screws on the external formwork. The nuts are then tightened to fix the inner formwork, and concrete is poured to connect adjacent walls.

[0003] Under the above basic technical approach, in order to facilitate the setting of steel bars between adjacent wall panels or other construction operations, or to improve connection strength or ensure construction quality, special prefabricated connectors / devices between adjacent wall panels have been developed. The steel bars on the prefabricated connectors are directly or through connecting steel bars welded to the exposed steel bars on both sides of the wall panels to facilitate the placement of steel bars in the reserved space and other operations. For example, Chinese patent document CN114837326A discloses a shear wall structure, including precast wall panels and a steel reinforcement connection structure. The precast wall panels have alternating wedge-shaped grooves and wedge-shaped connecting blocks on their upper and lower surfaces and left and right sides, arranged sequentially along the thickness direction of the precast wall panels. Each wedge-shaped groove contains multiple first connecting steel bars, and the wedge-shaped connecting blocks also contain second connecting steel bars. The steel reinforcement connection structure connects the first and second connecting steel bars of two adjacent precast wall panels in the horizontal and vertical directions. It includes a first connection structure and a second connection mechanism. One end of the first connection structure is a rectangular block with an inverted T-shaped groove on one side. The other end of the rectangular block, away from the inverted T-shaped groove, has a first steel bar with external threads. One end of the second connection mechanism is a T-shaped block that matches the inverted T-shaped groove, and the other end has a second steel bar with external threads. The first steel bar is connected to the second connecting steel bar in the adjacent wall panel via a sleeve, and the second steel bar is connected to the first connecting steel bar in the adjacent wall panel via a sleeve.

[0004] Although these existing technologies each have their own characteristics, are suitable for different occasions, or have their own technical advantages, they still have certain drawbacks: First, the transverse reinforcement of the precast wall panels needs to be exposed from both sides of the wall panel in order to connect (e.g., weld) with the reinforcement (transverse reinforcement) set between adjacent wall panels, which brings inconvenience to the preparation, stacking, transportation and on-site installation of precast wall panels; Second, the setting and welding of reinforcement between wall panels, the setting of internal and external formwork and the concrete pouring process are relatively complex and involve a large amount of work. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the aforementioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides precast wall panels, special construction tools for constructing such wall panels, and wall construction methods using such wall panels, so as to facilitate on-site construction operations, and to facilitate the preparation, storage, and transportation of precast wall panels.

[0006] The technical solution of this invention is: a precast wall panel, wherein one or more vertical through holes are distributed in its longitudinal direction (perpendicular to the wall surface / large surface of the precast wall panel), and the vertical through holes in the same layer are arranged sequentially in the transverse direction (perpendicular to the longitudinal and vertical directions, usually the width direction of the precast wall panel). The vertical through holes include two forms: vertical wide holes (referred to as wide holes) and vertical conventional holes (referred to as conventional holes). The width (transverse dimension) of the vertical wide holes is greater than the width of the vertical conventional holes, and they are located on one side (or one end) or both sides (or both ends) of the transverse direction. The vertical through holes are vertical wide holes (or wide holes), and the remaining vertical through holes are vertical regular holes. The two sides of the precast wall panel in the horizontal direction are provided with one or more horizontal holes corresponding to the vertical through holes. The horizontal holes in the same layer and on the same side are arranged in a column (vertical row) in the vertical direction. The horizontal holes on both sides of the same layer are distributed in the same way in the vertical direction (the vertical position / height of the corresponding horizontal holes on both sides is the same). The outer end of the horizontal hole (the end facing out of the wall panel) opens on the corresponding side of the precast wall panel, and the inner end connects to the vertical through hole on the corresponding side in the same layer.

[0007] Preferably, the difference between the width of the vertical wide hole located on any side of the lateral direction and the width of the vertical conventional hole is 20%-80% of the distance from the vertical through hole located on the other side of the lateral direction in the same layer to the side of the precast wall panel on that other side plus the width of the vertical conventional hole.

[0008] Furthermore, the difference between the width of the vertical wide hole located on any side of the horizontal direction and the width of the vertical conventional hole is 35%-70% of the distance from the vertical through hole located on the other side of the horizontal direction in the same layer to the side of the precast wall panel on that other side plus the width of the vertical conventional hole.

[0009] Furthermore, the difference between the width of the vertical wide hole located on any side of the horizontal direction and the width of the vertical conventional hole is 50%-60% of the distance from the vertical through hole located on the other side of the horizontal direction in the same layer to the side of the precast wall panel on that other side, preferably 50% or 55%.

[0010] Preferably, the vertical through holes in adjacent layers are aligned or staggered in the longitudinal direction.

[0011] Preferably, the vertical through holes located on both sides of the same layer are equidistant from the side of their respective precast wall panels.

[0012] Typically, vertical through holes are distributed in a single layer (only one row of vertical through holes) in the longitudinal direction, and are located in the middle of the precast wall panel. When the precast wall panel is thick, it can also be multi-layered (with multiple rows of vertical through holes) depending on the reinforcement requirements of the wall.

[0013] A special construction tool adapted to any of the precast wall panels disclosed in this invention is used for laying the connecting steel bars between adjacent precast wall panels. It is rod-shaped, and its cross-section is smaller than the cross-section of a conventional vertical hole. That is, its cross-section (size and shape) is such that it allows insertion into the conventional vertical hole while leaving a gap between it and the hole wall. Typically, the maximum dimension of the cross-section of the special construction tool (the part that needs to enter the vertical through-hole during construction) in any horizontal direction is smaller than the minimum dimension of the cross-section of the conventional vertical hole in any horizontal direction. Its outer surface is provided with… There are several sockets distributed vertically to insert connecting reinforcing bars. The size of the sockets should be such that the connecting reinforcing bars can be inserted into the sockets with a gap between the inserted connecting reinforcing bars and the inner wall of the sockets. The depth of the sockets (the depth to which the connecting reinforcing bars can be inserted, or in other words, the maximum length of the connecting reinforcing bars that can be inserted into the sockets) should generally be close to its dimension in the corresponding direction (the insertion direction of the connecting reinforcing bars), for example, not less than 90% of its dimension in the corresponding direction. The number of sockets and the relative distribution of the sockets in the vertical direction should be consistent with the number of transverse holes on any side of the same floor and the relative distribution of the transverse holes in the vertical direction.

[0014] Furthermore, the main body of the special construction tool is a straight pipe, with the spigot opened on the side wall of the straight pipe, and the length of the straight pipe is not less than (preferably greater than) the vertical dimension of the precast wall panel.

[0015] The wall construction method employs any of the precast wall panels disclosed in this invention. Precast wall panels of the same height are sequentially aligned and installed. When installing a later precast wall panel (the last precast wall panel installed among adjacent precast wall panels), any of the special construction tools disclosed in this invention are first inserted into the vertical wide hole (the hole closest to the first precast wall panel after installation) in the later precast wall panel, located on the side of the earlier precast wall panel (the first precast wall panel installed among adjacent precast wall panels or the precast wall panel already installed). Vertical through holes (which should be wide vertical holes) are used to insert connecting reinforcing bars into the horizontal holes located on the side of the precast wall panel in the subsequent precast wall panel. The inner end of the connecting reinforcing bar extends into the corresponding slot of a special construction tool located in the corresponding wide vertical hole. The special construction tool is located on the side of the wide vertical hole away from the horizontal hole, and the outer end of the connecting reinforcing bar is located in the corresponding horizontal hole so that it does not protrude from the corresponding side of the precast wall panel. Then, it is aligned and installed in the subsequent precast wall panel so that the subsequent precast wall panel is aligned with the previous precast wall panel. The special construction tool, placed next to the precast wall panel, is moved laterally towards the precast wall panel. This movement causes the connecting steel bars inserted into their respective slots to move laterally until the outer ends of each connecting steel bar pass through the corresponding transverse holes in the precast wall panel and extend into the vertical through-holes in the precast wall panel located on the side of the precast wall panel (the vertical through-hole closest to the precast wall panel; this vertical through-hole can be a regular vertical hole or a wide vertical hole). The special construction tool is then withdrawn (moved back) to the side of the wide vertical hole away from the precast wall panel (or away from the transverse hole). At this point, the connecting steel bars will not retract due to the withdrawal of the special construction tool. The special construction tool is then pulled out from above the vertical through-hole, and concrete is poured into the vertical through-holes involving the connecting steel bars (vertical through-holes located on both sides of the connecting steel bars, or vertical through-holes connecting the transverse holes containing the connecting steel bars). The concrete fills the poured vertical through-holes and the transverse holes connected to them.

[0016] Preferably, cement mortar or concrete is sprayed into the gap between adjacent precast wall panels to fill the entire gap; or, when installing the rear precast wall panel, concrete or cement mortar is fully applied to either of the two adjacent sides of the preceding and following precast wall panels, or any one of the two adjacent sides. When aligning and installing the rear precast wall panel, the rear precast wall panel is moderately pressed laterally towards the preceding precast wall panel, so that the rear precast wall panel is in a set lateral position and the gap between the two adjacent sides of the preceding and following precast wall panels is filled with concrete or cement mortar.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Since exposed reinforcing bars are not required on both sides of the precast wall panel, the preparation, storage, and transportation of the precast wall panel are facilitated; the combination of special tools and various hole structures on the wall panel greatly facilitates the layout of connecting reinforcing bars and ensures the lateral position of the connecting reinforcing bars; since welding between the connecting reinforcing bars and the exposed reinforcing bars of the wall panel is not required, adjacent (laterally adjacent) wall panels can be placed together without the need to set up a concrete pouring area between adjacent precast wall panels, and without the need to erect and dismantle the formwork inside and outside such a pouring area. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated wall panel involved in the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a top view structural diagram of the prefabricated wall panel involved in the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a perspective view of the special tool involved in the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the wall (horizontal connection structure) involved in the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] See Figure 1-4 The preparation of precast wall panels (or precast wall panel bodies) can adopt existing technologies. Precast panels under existing technologies use reinforced concrete structures and usually have several vertical (length direction) through holes. These vertical through holes are evenly distributed in a row in the horizontal direction and can be used to install floor slabs or walls.

[0023] The main body 10 of the precast wall panel of this invention can be made of reinforced concrete, with internal vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars or a reinforcing bar frame formed by connecting vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars, and has several vertical through holes and several horizontal holes (horizontal blind holes) 15. Depending on the thickness of the precast wall panel main body, the vertical through holes can be arranged in a row (e.g., Figure 2 As shown), they can also be arranged in two or more rows. A row of vertical through holes can be regarded as a layer. Therefore, the vertical through holes can also be one or more layers in the longitudinal direction.

[0024] Unlike existing hollow precast slabs, the precast wall panels of this invention are mainly used for constructing walls. When used for constructing walls, the vertical through holes (especially the vertical through holes located on both sides of the lateral direction) and the lateral holes are mainly used for laying reinforcing bars (vertical reinforcing bars 31 and lateral inter-slab connecting reinforcing bars 32) and pouring concrete (although, depending on the actual situation, some vertical through holes can remain empty, without vertical reinforcing bars or concrete pouring). The size and shape of the vertical through holes and the lateral holes are set according to the needs of reinforcing bar placement and concrete pouring, and should not be too large or too small. The concrete poured into the vertical through holes and the lateral holes is fixed together with the reinforcing bars in the holes and also with the surrounding precast concrete to form an integral structure.

[0025] The vertical through holes located on one or both sides of the horizontal axis are set as wide holes 12, with a width significantly larger than that of the conventional holes 11. This allows the straight pipe, used as a special construction tool, to be moved from the inner horizontal axis of the wide hole to the outer horizontal axis. The straight pipe pushes the connecting steel bar inserted in its socket to move laterally, so that the outer end of the connecting steel bar moves from the port (outer end opening) of the corresponding horizontal hole in the main body of this precast wall panel to the corresponding vertical through hole of the adjacent precast wall panel, while the inner end remains in the original vertical wide hole. After the connecting steel bar is in place, the lengths of both ends in the corresponding vertical through holes can be approximately equal. Various relevant dimensions can be set according to actual needs, so that the length of the connecting steel bar in any vertical through hole is approximately half of the width of the conventional hole (or horizontal dimension, i.e., the maximum dimension in the horizontal direction; for a round hole, the horizontal dimension is equal to its diameter; for a rectangular hole, the horizontal dimension is equal to the side length of its horizontal side), for example, 20%, 35%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 70%, or 80% of the horizontal dimension of the conventional hole.

[0026] For example, if the corresponding vertical through-hole of an adjacent precast wall panel is a conventional hole, the connecting steel bar extending into it can reach or cross its center point; if the corresponding vertical through-hole of an adjacent precast wall panel is a wide hole, the connecting steel bar extending into it can cross the center point of the area corresponding to the conventional hole in the outer direction. If the vertical steel bar is placed in the center of the conventional hole or in the center of the area corresponding to the conventional hole in the outer direction of the wide hole, and there is some intersection with the connecting steel bar extending into the vertical through-hole, it is beneficial to improve the strength through the anchorage connection between the connecting steel bar and the corresponding vertical steel bar.

[0027] The conventional hole 11 can be a round hole, a rectangular hole, or a square hole. The middle edge of the wide hole 12 can usually be a straight edge, and the shape of the two side edges in the horizontal direction can be the same as the corresponding side edge shape of the conventional hole.

[0028] The transverse holes 15 are located on two sides of the main body of the precast wall panel in the transverse direction. The transverse holes on both sides are distributed in the same way in the vertical direction, that is, the transverse holes on both sides correspond one to one, and the height of the corresponding transverse holes is the same.

[0029] The horizontal holes can be distributed in one column (vertical row) or multiple columns in the longitudinal direction, which is consistent with the vertical through holes being distributed in one row or multiple rows in the longitudinal direction. Vertical through holes and horizontal holes located in the same position in the longitudinal direction can be regarded as being distributed in the same layer.

[0030] The transverse holes are used to install / pass through the connecting reinforcing bars 32 between slabs (adjacent precast wall panels). The transverse sides of the connecting reinforcing bars are anchored to the precast wall panels on both sides by cast-in-place concrete, thereby achieving the reinforcement connection between adjacent precast wall panels and bearing the corresponding tensile stress. The size and shape of the transverse holes are set according to the need for reinforcement passing through, and can be round or square holes. They can be significantly larger than the cross-section of the connecting reinforcing bars to facilitate reinforcement passing through and to facilitate concrete flow.

[0031] The length of the connecting rebar 32, based on relevant standards or actual needs, should be determined according to the sum of the lateral dimensions of the transverse hole and the vertical wide hole. This should ensure that when the connecting rebar is inserted into the socket of a special construction tool located within the wide hole, and the special construction tool is positioned on the inner lateral side of the wide hole (considering actual operating conditions, this is the inner lateral side adjacent to the wide hole), the outer end of the connecting rebar will not protrude from the opening of the transverse hole. Simultaneously, it should also ensure that when the special construction tool is positioned on the outer lateral side of the wide hole (considering actual operating conditions, this is the outer lateral side adjacent to the wide hole), or in other words, when the inner end of the connecting rebar is pushed to near the center point of the area corresponding to the conventional hole in the direction outside the vertical wide hole using the special construction tool, the outer end of the connecting rebar will be near the center point of the adjacent side vertical through hole of the adjacent precast wall panel (when the vertical through hole is a conventional hole) or near the center point of the area corresponding to the conventional hole in the direction outside the adjacent side vertical through hole of the adjacent precast wall panel (when the vertical through hole is a wide hole). Appropriate matching of the relevant dimensions should be selected to meet the above requirements. The aforementioned preferred dimensions of the connecting rebar can effectively achieve the above objectives.

[0032] Based on the requirements for the layout of the connecting steel bars, only the vertical through holes on one side of the precast wall panel need to be wide holes. However, for the convenience of on-site construction operations, the vertical through holes on both sides can be set as wide holes, so that any end of the wall or even any position can be used as the starting point for the installation of the precast wall panel, or any large face of the precast wall panel can face the workers.

[0033] Horizontal strip holes connecting to vertical wide holes can be set on the large surface of the precast wall panel. The width (vertical dimension) of the horizontal strip holes does not need to be too large, for example, it can be 10-20mm. The horizontal strip holes can be set at the vertical center of the precast wall panel, or they can be set at the vertical ends of the precast wall panel. Their horizontal span can be equal to or less than the horizontal span of the vertical wide hole. For example, the length (horizontal dimension) of the horizontal strip hole can be 1 / 2 or 3 / 4 of the width (horizontal dimension) of the corresponding vertical wide hole, and it should be aligned with the horizontal center of the corresponding vertical wide hole. The horizontal strip holes can be sealed with tape on the large surface of the precast wall panel (in this way, the concrete poured into the vertical wide hole will not flow out from the horizontal strip holes sealed with tape). If the lateral movement of the special construction tool is obstructed, the tape can be removed, and the steel bar can be inserted into the wide hole to move the special construction tool.

[0034] The main body 20 of the special construction tool can be a straight pipe, such as a plastic straight pipe. A portion of the straight pipe is cut off at an appropriate location on its side wall, forming a hole 22 which is used as a socket for inserting connecting steel bars. The size of the hole can be significantly larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the connecting steel bars to facilitate on-site operations.

[0035] All sockets are located on the same vertical line, and the spacing between the sockets is the same as the spacing between the horizontal holes in the same row on the precast wall panel. When using, insert the straight pipe (or other special construction tools, the same below) into the corresponding vertical wide hole, with each socket on the straight pipe facing the corresponding horizontal hole. The center of the socket is roughly aligned with the bottom center (or slightly higher) of the horizontal hole wall. When inserting the connecting steel bar from the port of the horizontal hole, the connecting steel bar can slide against the bottom of the horizontal hole wall. The inner end of the connecting steel bar passes through the corresponding socket on the straight pipe until it abuts against the inner wall of the straight pipe. The straight pipe can be placed in advance on the horizontal inner part of the wide hole, or the connecting steel bar can be used to push the straight pipe to the horizontal inner part of the wide hole when inserting the connecting steel bar.

[0036] When the sockets on the main pipe face the corresponding horizontal holes, the top of the main pipe should ideally be higher than the top of the precast wall panel. Workers can then grasp the exposed top of the straight pipe and move it. Simultaneously, the bottom of the straight pipe should ideally be aligned with the bottom of the precast wall panel. In practice, the straight pipe can be inserted from the top of the corresponding wide hole. When the bottom of the straight pipe is aligned with the bottom of the precast wall panel, the sockets are positioned vertically within the respective horizontal holes. If necessary, the main pipe can also be higher than the bottom of the precast wall panel to avoid obstructing its installation on the foundation / beam.

[0037] During construction, for walls on the same floor, precast wall panels are installed sequentially. Before installing a precast wall panel, a special tool is inserted into the vertical wide hole adjacent to the already installed wall panel. The horizontal insertion port of the special tool faces the horizontal hole. Connecting steel bars are then inserted into the corresponding horizontal holes on that side of the wall panel, with the inner end of the connecting steel bar extending into the corresponding insertion port on the special tool. The outer end of the connecting steel bar should be pushed into the port of the horizontal hole and should not protrude from the side of the precast wall. The wall panel is then aligned and installed onto the side of the corresponding already installed wall panel. Then, the special tool is moved from the inner horizontal side of the wide hole to a suitable position on the outer horizontal side, ensuring that the lengths of the two ends of the connecting steel bar in the adjacent vertical through holes of the two precast walls are approximately the same. The final length is adjusted according to actual needs and operational convenience. Vertical reinforcing bars (which can be single vertical reinforcing bars or vertical reinforcing bar frames containing multiple vertical reinforcing bars) are inserted into the vertical holes (including vertical wide holes and vertical regular holes) of each wall panel after installation. Then, concrete or cement mortar is poured into each vertical hole. The cast-in-place concrete fills each vertical hole and each horizontal hole, anchoring the connecting reinforcing bars and the vertical reinforcing bars in the vertical holes (if provided) together, forming a cast-in-place connection structure defined by the horizontal holes and the corresponding vertical holes. Cement mortar can be sprayed on the side of the wall panel and / or the gap 18 between adjacent wall panels to achieve consolidation and sealing between adjacent wall panels, or concrete or cement mortar can be fully applied to the corresponding side before the precast wall panel is installed. After installation, this concrete or cement mortar fills the gap between adjacent precast walls.

[0038] Before the precast wall panels are installed and concrete is poured into the vertical through holes involving the connecting reinforcing bars, vertical reinforcing bars are inserted into the vertical through holes involving the connecting reinforcing bars, thereby fixing the connecting reinforcing bars and related vertical reinforcing bars together with the poured concrete.

[0039] Concrete can be poured into all or part of the vertical through holes that do not involve connecting steel bars, or no concrete can be poured into any vertical through holes that do not involve connecting steel bars, depending on the wall structure design requirements.

[0040] According to the wall structure design requirements, vertical reinforcing bars can be inserted into the vertical through-holes where concrete is to be poured, before pouring concrete into the vertical through-holes that do not involve connecting reinforcing bars.

[0041] Typically, all vertical through holes (including those involving connecting reinforcement bars and those not involving connecting reinforcement bars) can be filled with vertical reinforcement bars. These vertical reinforcement bars, which can serve as structural reinforcement bars for the wall, can extend upwards from the top of the precast wall panel to act as vertical connecting reinforcement bars for connection to the upper structure (e.g., an upper beam), for example, extending into the casting space of the upper structure. Depending on actual needs, vertical connecting reinforcement bars can also be installed separately; in this case, the upper part of the vertical reinforcement bars inserted into the vertical through holes does not need to extend from the top of the precast wall panel.

[0042] Concrete pouring should typically be carried out after the precast wall panels of one or more walls have been installed.

[0043] The first precast wall panel can be installed in the casting space of the adjacent column. The reinforcing bars are pre-laid in the casting space of the column. Special construction tools are inserted into the vertical through holes of the adjacent column and corresponding connecting reinforcing bars are set. After the precast wall panel is installed in place, the outer ends of the connecting reinforcing bars are pushed into the casting space of the column by moving the special construction tools. They can be tied or welded together with the appropriate reinforcing bars in the casting space. The length of these connecting reinforcing bars is selected according to actual needs. They can be the same length as the connecting reinforcing bars between the panels or longer than the connecting reinforcing bars between the panels.

[0044] During the installation of precast wall panels, vertical through holes can be aligned from above with the vertical connecting bars extending from the lower structure (e.g., foundation, lower beam). After the precast wall panel is placed on the lower structure, the vertical connecting bars extending from the lower structure are inserted into the corresponding vertical through holes.

[0045] Concrete pouring can be carried out for all vertical through holes and columns after the precast wall panels on the same floor have been installed and the reinforcement has been laid.

[0046] The term "vertical" as used in this manual refers to the vertical direction of the precast wall panel when it is in the vertical use state, which is usually the length direction of the precast wall panel. The term "horizontal" also refers to the horizontal direction in this state.

[0047] Unless otherwise specified or further limited to one preferred or optional technical means being another, the preferred and optional technical means disclosed in this invention can be arbitrarily combined to form several different technical solutions.

Claims

1. A wall construction method, characterized in that... Precast wall panels for constructing the wall are sequentially aligned and installed at the same height. When installing the later precast wall panel, a special construction tool is first inserted into the vertical wide hole in the later precast wall panel located on the side of the earlier precast wall panel. Connecting steel bars are then inserted into the horizontal holes in the later precast wall panel located on the side of the earlier precast wall panel. The inner end of the connecting steel bar extends into the corresponding slot of the special construction tool located in the corresponding vertical wide hole. The special construction tool is positioned on the side of the vertical wide hole furthest from the horizontal holes, and the outer end of the connecting steel bar is positioned in the corresponding horizontal hole. Then, the later precast wall panel is aligned and installed, so that the later... The precast wall panel is placed next to the previously precast wall panel. A special construction tool, positioned inside the corresponding vertical wide hole in the later precast wall panel, is moved laterally towards the side of the previously precast wall panel. This movement causes the connecting steel bars inserted into their respective slots to move laterally as well, until the outer ends of each connecting steel bar pass through the corresponding horizontal hole in the previously precast wall panel and extend into the vertical through hole located on the side of the later precast wall panel. The special construction tool is then withdrawn to the side of the vertical wide hole away from the previously precast wall panel, and pulled out from above the vertical through hole. The tool is then moved towards the vertical direction involving the connecting steel bars. Concrete is poured into the through-holes to fill them and the transverse holes that connect to them. The precast wall panel has one or more layers of vertical through-holes along its longitudinal direction, with the same layer of vertical through-holes arranged sequentially in the transverse direction. The vertical through-holes include two types: wide vertical through-holes and regular vertical through-holes. Wide vertical through-holes are wider than regular vertical through-holes. Vertical through-holes located on one or both sides of the transverse direction are wide vertical through-holes, while the remaining vertical through-holes are regular vertical through-holes. The two transverse sides of the precast wall panel each have one or more layers of transverse holes corresponding to the vertical through-holes. The horizontal holes on the same side of the same floor are arranged in a vertical row. The horizontal holes on both sides of the same floor are arranged in the same vertical direction. The outer end of the horizontal hole opens to the corresponding side of the precast wall panel, and the inner end connects to the vertical through hole on the corresponding side of the same floor. The special construction tool is in the shape of a straight rod. Its cross-section is smaller than that of the conventional vertical hole. Its outer side is provided with several sockets that can be inserted to connect steel bars. The number of sockets and the relative distribution of the sockets in the vertical direction are the same as the number of horizontal holes on any side of the same floor and the relative distribution of the horizontal holes in the vertical direction.

2. In the wall construction method as described in claim 1, the main body of the special construction tool is a straight pipe, the insertion port is opened on the side wall of the straight pipe, and the length of the straight pipe is not less than the vertical dimension of the precast wall panel.

3. The wall construction method as described in claim 1, characterized in that... Cement mortar or concrete is sprayed into the gaps between adjacent precast wall panels to fill all gaps; or, when installing the rear precast wall panel, concrete or cement mortar is applied to either of the two adjacent sides of the preceding and following precast wall panels, or any one of the two adjacent sides. When aligning and installing the rear precast wall panel, the rear precast wall panel is moderately pressed laterally towards the preceding precast wall panel, so that the rear precast wall panel is in a set lateral position and the gaps between the two adjacent sides of the preceding and following precast wall panels are filled with concrete or cement mortar.

4. The wall construction method as described in claim 3, characterized in that... The vertical through holes in adjacent layers are either aligned or staggered in the longitudinal direction.

5. The wall construction method as described in claim 4, characterized in that... The vertical through holes located on both sides of the same floor are equidistant from the side of their respective precast wall panels.

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