A geological exploration drilling device and drilling sampling method for improving borehole verticality

Abstract

This invention provides a geological exploration drilling equipment and its drilling sampling method for improving borehole verticality. The geological exploration drilling equipment includes a steel beam platform, a platform support, geological exploration equipment placed on the steel beam platform, a casing located within the core borehole, and two inverted cones suspended from the front and side of the drilling rig. The verticality of the drive drill rod is calibrated using the vertical lines of the cones. During drilling, a casing with circumferential pads installed on its inner wall is used, and a specially designed drill rod with a hemispherical joint at the connection point is used to send the core tube, equipped with a special drill bit, into the formation for core sampling. The pressure gauge reading is adjusted according to the descent rate of the drive drill rod, thereby adjusting the rotation rate of the drilling rig in real time and adjusting the number of sampling passes. Simultaneously, a drill bit with forward and directional drill teeth is used to drill back and forth, continuously refining the borehole wall. This invention employs multiple measures and proposes corresponding drilling methods to reduce borehole deviation, improve the verticality of the geological exploration drilling rig, and thus ensure the accuracy of geological exploration results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological exploration, specifically to a geological exploration drilling equipment and drilling sampling method for improving borehole verticality. Background Technology

[0002] Sampling by geological exploration drilling rigs is an essential step in geological exploration operations. It allows drilling rigs to extract soil layers, sand layers, strongly weathered rock layers, moderately weathered rock layers, and slightly weathered rock layers from top to bottom of the borehole. This enables exploration technicians to gain a more direct understanding of the geological conditions and stratigraphic trends, and to take samples for a series of related experimental studies. Therefore, this type of geological exploration drilling rig is widely used in exploration operations. Currently, most geological exploration drilling rigs are rotary drilling rigs. Their principle involves connecting sections of sampling drill rods to the core tube with threads, and then applying pressure through hydraulic pressure and the weight of the drill rods to perform drilling operations. During drilling, geological exploration drilling rigs generally experience significant swaying, and there is some lateral deformation at the drill rod connections. Therefore, as the borehole deepens, borehole deviation is inevitable, ultimately reducing the quality of the exploration results. This deviation is even more pronounced in complex geological conditions such as large rock dip angles and alternating layers of soft and hard rock.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used improvement measure is to control and adjust the verticality of the drill rod driven by the geological exploration drilling rig. While this technology can ensure the verticality of the drill rod to a certain extent in shallow boreholes, its control over the verticality of deeper boreholes is limited, and it does not consider the impact of the rig's swaying on the adjustment. Therefore, improving the borehole verticality of geological exploration drilling rigs has become an urgent problem for many exploration technicians. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a geological exploration drilling equipment and drilling sampling method to improve the verticality of boreholes, thereby solving the problem of borehole deviation in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention provides a geological exploration drilling device for improving borehole verticality. The drilling device includes a steel beam platform, a platform support, geological exploration equipment placed on the steel beam platform, and a drill rod verticality correction mechanism. The geological exploration equipment includes a base plate fixed to the steel beam platform, a geological exploration drilling rig located on the base plate, a sampling drill rod installed below the drive drill rod of the geological exploration drilling rig, a core sampling tube installed at the bottom end of the drill rod, and a sampling drill bit installed at the lower end of the core sampling tube, for corresponding sampling on the base plate. The drilling location is provided with a drilling hole; the drill rod verticality correction mechanism includes cones suspended on the front and sides of the geological exploration equipment, with two cones respectively set on the horizontal and vertical midline of the drilling hole; the sampling drill rod includes multiple interconnected special drill rod sections, with an arc-shaped or spherical outward-convex joint at the connection between adjacent special drill rod sections; the sampling drill bit has a ring of forward drill teeth and a ring of reverse drill teeth, with the forward drill teeth set on the drilling end face of the sampling drill bit; the geological exploration drilling rig is equipped with a pressure gauge.

[0006] A preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: when the depth of the sampling borehole is greater than 30m, the drilling equipment further includes a sampling casing installed in the sampling borehole. The sampling casing is a specially made casing with pads arranged circumferentially on the inner wall. The pads are arc-shaped blocks, which are distributed in a ring at intervals on the inner wall of the casing. The inner diameter of the ring formed by multiple pads is greater than the maximum diameter of the outer diameter of the arc-shaped or spherical convex joint, the core tube, and the outer diameter of the drill teeth of the sampling drill bit.

[0007] A preferred technical solution of the present invention: The geological exploration equipment further includes a winch and a steel strand for lifting the rod, which are installed on the geological exploration drilling rig. One end of the steel strand is wound around the winding roller of the winch, and the other end is provided with a clip. When lifting the rod after drilling and core sampling is completed, the end of the steel strand with the clip passes around the pulley at the top of the platform support and is connected to the sampling drill rod. The sampling drill rod, core tube and sampling drill bit are pulled up by the winch and the steel strand.

[0008] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the steel beam platform is a "well" shaped steel beam platform, the cone is suspended on the outside of the steel beam platform by a bracket, with its cone tip pointing downwards; a damper is installed on the platform bracket.

[0009] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the arc-shaped or spherical protruding joint includes a first hemispherical joint and a second hemispherical joint that are mutually matched at both ends of each specially made drill rod of the sampling drill rod, and the two hemispherical joints have mutually matched internal and external threads respectively; the lower end of the drive drill rod is connected to a third hemispherical joint that matches the hemispherical joint at the end of the first specially made drill rod at the upper end of the sampling drill rod, and is connected to the sampling drill rod through the third hemispherical joint; the lower end of the sampling drill rod is connected to the core tube through a reducing joint, the reducing joint having a threaded interface that matches the hemispherical joint at the end of the last specially made drill rod at the lower end of the sampling drill rod; the sampling drill bit is threadedly connected to the lower end of the core tube.

[0010] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: each specially made drill rod and the reducing joint of the sampling drill rod are symmetrically provided with a rod-raising groove and a pad fork groove on both sides of the top, and each specially made drill rod is also provided with a wrench fork groove at the lower end; the casing is made of multiple sections of casing threaded together.

[0011] To achieve the above-mentioned technical objectives, the present invention also provides a drilling and sampling method using the geological exploration drilling equipment described above for improving borehole verticality. The method is characterized in that it is used for sampling holes with a depth greater than 30m, and its specific steps are as follows:

[0012] (1) Determine the correct location of the exploration hole, then level the site and place the "well" shaped steel beam platform. Place the geological exploration equipment on the steel beam platform so that the drilling hole on the base plate is directly opposite the sampling drilling hole. Install the geological exploration drilling machine on the base plate with its drive drill rod directly opposite the drilling hole.

[0013] (2) Hang a cone upside down on the front and side of the geological exploration drilling rig by means of a vertical line, and set a damper on the platform support by means of a horizontal bar. After calibrating the verticality of the drive drill rod by means of the two cones, check whether the distance between the center of the drive drill rod and the center of the exploration hole is within the deviation range. If not, readjust the position of the geological exploration drilling rig until the requirements are met.

[0014] (3) After determining the hole position, determine the length of the sampling sleeve according to the expected hole depth, and perform shallow sampling.

[0015] During shallow sampling, a sampling casing is installed simultaneously. The shallow drilling and sampling process is carried out concurrently with the installation of the sampling casing. The specific process is as follows: First, the sampling drill bit is installed on the core tube and connected to the sampling drill rod to form a sampling drill string. Then, the sampling drill string is connected to the drive drill rod, and the drive drill rod is used to gradually drill the sampling drill string into the formation for core sampling. After one pass, the sampling drill string is removed. Next, a drill bit with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the casing is installed at the bottom of the casing. The upper part is connected to the drive drill rod through a matching reducer. The drive drill rod is used to drill the casing to the desired core sampling depth and is then secured with casing clamps. After disconnecting the reducer, connect the drive drill rod to the sampling drill bit and place it into the casing. Increase the number of drill rods for the next sampling pass. After the next sampling pass, increase the casing length to the next sampling depth. Repeat this process to complete shallow sampling and casing installation. The sampling drill rod is made of multiple specially designed drill rods with hemispherical joints. The hemispherical joints of adjacent drill rods are connected to form an arc-shaped or spherical outward-convex joint. The lower end face of the sampling drill bit has a ring of downward-drilling forward drill teeth and a ring of reverse drill teeth in the middle. The casing is a specially designed casing with arc-shaped pads arranged circumferentially on the inner wall.

[0016] (4) When the sampling casing is lowered to the predetermined position, use casing wrenches to fix the sampling casing to prevent slippage, and then start deep drilling sampling. The deep sampling drill tool is the same as the shallow sampling drill tool, and the process of taking out the deep sampling drill tool is the same as that of taking out the shallow sampling drill tool. When drilling deep holes, install the sampling drill bit on the core tube and connect it with the sampling drill rod to form the sampling drill tool. Then connect the sampling drill tool to the drive drill rod and use the drive drill rod to put the sampling drill tool into the casing, and increase the depth according to the hole depth. The number of sampling drill rods is gradually increased, and the sampling drill rods are drilled into the deep strata for deep core sampling. During the sampling drilling process, the arc or spherical outward-convex joints of the sampling drill rods reduce the lateral deformation at the drill rod connection. The drilling personnel compare the driving drill rod with the vertical lines of the suspended cones in two directions to calibrate the verticality. If tilting occurs, the angle of the driving drill rod is adjusted immediately. By repeatedly raising and lowering the driving drill rod, the reverse drill teeth on the outside of the drill bit are used to continuously trim the hole wall and improve the verticality of the borehole.

[0017] (5) After all the sampling processes are completed, first pull out the sampling drill bit, then connect the sampling casing to the drive drill rod through the reducer. Use the drive drill rod to loosen the casing, and use the clip at the end of the steel strand to clamp the rod-raising groove of the uppermost reducer. Control the winch to drive the steel strand to pull up the casing section along the pulley at the top of the platform support. After fixing it with casing wrenches, use another casing wrench to clamp the outer wall of the casing so that the upper and lower adjacent casing sections are separated. Repeat this action to remove each casing section in the deep part. Finally, seal the hole.

[0018] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: the sampling drill bit extraction process in step (5) is the same as the sampling drill bit extraction process in each round in steps (3) and (4). The specific process is as follows: first, the drive drill rod is removed, and the uppermost first section of the sampling drill rod is clamped in the rod-lifting groove by the clip at the end of the steel strand. The winch is controlled to drive the steel strand to pull up the section of the sampling drill rod along the pulley at the top of the platform support. After the pad fork is inserted into the pad fork groove and fixed, the wrench is inserted into the wrench fork groove and reversed to separate the upper and lower adjacent sections of the sampling drill rod. Repeating this action can remove each section of the sampling drill rod and the core tube from the depth.

[0019] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: when the sampling casing is installed, the length of the sampling casing increases by 3 to 5 meters for every 8 to 11 meters increase in the sampling drilling depth; the arc-shaped pads on the inner wall of the sampling casing are arranged at equal intervals on the inner wall of the casing, and the lateral deformation of the drill rod can be controlled by arranging the pads circumferentially on the inner wall of the casing at intervals.

[0020] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: In step (4), during each drilling and sampling operation, the drive drill rod is raised and lowered repeatedly, and the number of repetitions is controlled to be 2 to 5 times; the number of drilling and sampling operations and the rotation speed of the drilling rig are adjusted according to the descent speed of the drive drill rod; when the descent speed of the drive drill rod is stable, the pressure gauge is adjusted to the medium level, a medium rotation speed is selected, the drilling rig power is maintained, and the sampling operation is 2m / operation; when the descent speed of the drive drill rod is unstable, the pressure gauge is adjusted to the low level, a slow rotation speed is selected, the drilling rig power is maintained, and the sampling operation is 0.5m / operation.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0022] (1) The present invention adopts the method of leveling the site and correcting the drive drill rod, which improves the verticality of the drill rod in advance, making it convenient for drilling personnel to adjust later. Then, special casing and special drill rod are used to reduce the lateral displacement of the drill rod, thereby reducing the cumulative displacement of the core tube at deep depth.

[0023] (2) The hemispherical joint at the connection of the specially designed drill pipe in this invention can effectively control lateral deformation, and the pads arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the casing during drilling can further control the lateral deformation of the drill pipe and reduce the cumulative offset at the core tube.

[0024] (3) During drilling, the rotation speed of the drilling machine is adjusted in real time according to the descent rate of the drive drill rod, the sampling cycle is adjusted, and a special drill bit with drilling teeth and reverse drilling teeth is used, so that while the drive drill rod is raised and lowered, the drill bit can drill up and down back and forth, continuously trimming the hole wall and improving the verticality of the hole. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the geological exploration drilling equipment in this invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a top view of the geological exploration drilling equipment in this invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling drill bit in this invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the sampling drill rod connection part in this invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sampling drill rod connection in this invention;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the drilling state of the sampling drill rod in this invention;

[0031] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 AA cross-section view;

[0032] Figure 8 This is an enlarged schematic diagram of the drill bit in this invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1-Base plate; 100-Drill hole; 2-Steel beam platform; 3-Geological exploration drilling rig; 4-Platform support; 400-Pulley; 5-Sampling drill rod; 6-Winder; 7-Arc-shaped or spherical protruding joint; 700-First hemispherical joint; 701-Second hemispherical joint; 702-Third hemispherical joint; 703-Reducing joint; 8-Snap clamp; 9-Pressure gauge; 10-Drive drill rod; 11-Steel strand; 12-Sampling casing; 13-Cone; 14-Sampling drill bit; 15-Forward drill teeth; 16-Reverse drill teeth; 17-Damper; 18-Support; 19-Coring tube; 20-Groove fork; 21-Groove fork; 22-Pole-raising groove; 23-Pan block. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Figures 1 to 8 All accompanying drawings are simplified versions of embodiments and are intended solely for the purpose of clearly and concisely illustrating the embodiments of this utility model. The technical solutions shown in the drawings below are specific solutions of embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0035] The embodiment provides a geological exploration drilling device for improving borehole verticality, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the drilling equipment includes a steel beam platform 2, a platform support 4, geological exploration equipment placed on the steel beam platform 2, and a drill rod verticality correction mechanism. The steel beam platform 2 is a "well"-shaped steel beam platform. A damper 17 is installed on the platform support 4 to reduce the sway amplitude of the drilling rig and facilitate real-time adjustment of the drive drill rod 10 during drilling. The drive drill rod 10 is a drill rod that comes with the geological exploration drilling rig 3 and mainly provides power to the sampling drill rod 5. The drive drill rod 10 can be removed. The geological exploration equipment includes a base plate 1 fixed on the steel beam platform 2, a geological exploration drilling rig 3 located on the base plate 1, a sampling drill rod 5 installed below the drive drill rod 10 of the geological exploration drilling rig 3, a core tube 19 installed at the bottom end of the drill rod, and a sampling drill bit 14 installed at the lower end of the core tube 19. A drilling hole 100 is provided on the base plate 1 at the position corresponding to the core drilling hole. The drill rod verticality correction mechanism includes two cones 13 suspended on the front and sides of the geological exploration equipment. The two cones 13 are respectively set on the horizontal and vertical center lines of the borehole 100. The cones 13 are suspended on the outside of the steel beam platform 2 by the bracket 18, with the conical tips of the cones 13 pointing downwards and suspended on the bracket 18 by a plumb line. The geological exploration equipment also includes a winch 6 and a steel strand 11 for lifting the rod, which are installed on the geological exploration drilling rig 3. One end of the steel strand 11 is wound around the winding roller of the winch 6, and the other end is provided with a clip 8. When lifting the rod after drilling and core sampling, the end of the steel strand 11 with the clip 8 passes around the pulley 400 at the top of the platform bracket 4 and connects to the sampling drill rod 5. The sampling drill rod 5, the core tube 19 and the sampling drill bit 14 are pulled up by the winch 6 and the steel strand 11.

[0036] The embodiment provides a geological exploration drilling device for improving borehole verticality, such as... Figures 3 to 5 As shown, the sampling drill rod 5 includes multiple interconnected special drill rod sections. The connection between adjacent sections of the special drill rod is provided with an arc-shaped or spherical protruding joint 7. The arc-shaped or spherical protruding joint 7 includes a first hemispherical joint 700 and a second hemispherical joint 701 that are mutually matched at both ends of each special drill rod of the sampling drill rod 5. The two hemispherical joints each have mutually matched internal and external threads. The lower end of the drive drill rod 10 is connected to a third hemispherical joint 702 that matches the hemispherical joint at the end of the first section of the special drill rod at the upper end of the sampling drill rod 5, and is connected to the sampling drill rod 5 through the third hemispherical joint 702. The lower end of the sampling drill rod 5 is connected to the core tube 19 through a reducing joint 703. The reducing joint 703 has a threaded interface that matches the hemispherical joint at the end of the last section of the special drill rod at the lower end of the sampling drill rod 5. The sampling drill bit 14 is threadedly connected to the lower end of the core tube 19. Each section of the sampling drill rod 5 and the reducing joint 703 has symmetrically arranged rod-raising grooves 22 and pad fork grooves 20 on both sides of its top. Each special drill rod also has a wrench fork groove 21 at its lower end. For example... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, when the core drilling depth is greater than 30m, a sampling sleeve 12 is installed in the sampling borehole. The sampling sleeve 12 is a specially made sleeve with circumferentially arranged pads 23 on its inner wall. For every 8-11m increase in core drilling depth, the length of the sleeve increases by 3-5m. The pads 23 are arc-shaped blocks, distributed in a ring at intervals on the inner wall of the sleeve 12. The inner diameter of the ring formed by multiple pads 23 is larger than the maximum diameter of the outer diameter of the arc-shaped or spherical protruding joint 7, the core tube 19, and the outer diameter of the drill teeth of the sampling drill bit 14. The pads 23 are used to control the lateral deformation of the drill rod. The sleeve 12 is made of multiple sections of sleeve connected by threads. The lateral deformation at the drill rod connection is reduced by the specially made hemispherical joint at the drill rod connection. The distance between the hemispherical joint and the pads on the inner wall of the sleeve is smaller, which can further reduce the cumulative offset of the core tube at the depth.

[0037] The embodiment provides a geological exploration drilling device for improving borehole verticality, such as... Figure 3 and Figure 8 As shown, the sampling drill bit 14 has a ring of forward drill teeth 15 and a ring of reverse drill teeth 16, with the forward drill teeth 15 positioned on the drilling end face of the sampling drill bit 14. The forward drill teeth 15 face downwards, while the reverse drill teeth 16 face upwards, and both are evenly spaced. Each drilling cycle requires repeatedly raising and lowering the drive drill rod, using the reverse drill teeth 16 on the outside of the drill bit to continuously adjust the borehole wall and improve the verticality of the borehole. The number of cycles should be controlled to 2-5. The geological exploration drilling rig 3 is equipped with a pressure gauge 9, which allows adjustment of the sampling cycle and rotation speed during drilling and sampling. When the drill pipe descent rate is stable, adjust the pressure gauge 9 to the medium setting, select a medium rotation speed, maintain the drilling rig power, and take samples at 2 m / sampling cycle. When the drill pipe descent rate is unstable, adjust the pressure gauge to the low setting, select a slow rotation speed, maintain the drilling rig power, and take samples at 0.5 m / sampling cycle.

[0038] The sampling drill rod of this invention is equipped with a hemispherical joint, and the two hemispherical joints are combined to form an arc-shaped or spherical outward-convex joint 7, which can effectively control lateral deformation during drilling and sampling. In conjunction with the casing 12 equipped with pads, the pads 23 arranged circumferentially on the inner wall of the casing 12 can further control the lateral deformation of the sampling drill rod 5 during drilling, reducing the cumulative offset at the core tube 19. During drilling, the reading of the pressure gauge 6 can be adjusted according to the descent rate of the drive drill rod 10, thereby adjusting the rotation speed of the geological exploration drilling rig 3 in real time, adjusting the number of sampling passes, and using a specially designed drill bit equipped with forward and reverse drilling teeth. This allows the drill bit to drill up and down simultaneously with raising and lowering the drive drill rod 10, trimming the borehole wall and improving verticality.

[0039] The embodiment provides a method for drilling and sampling using geological exploration drilling equipment to improve borehole verticality. The drilling equipment is used for borehole sampling, and the sampling hole depth is greater than 30m. The specific sampling process is as follows:

[0040] (1) Determine the correct location of the exploration hole, then level the site and place the "well" shaped steel beam platform 2. Then place the geological exploration drilling rig 3 on the steel beam so that the drilling hole 100 on the base plate 1 is directly opposite the sampling hole. Install the geological exploration drilling rig 3 on the base plate 1 with its drive drill rod 10 directly opposite the drilling hole 100.

[0041] (2) A cone 13 is suspended upside down by a vertical line at the front and side of the geological exploration drilling rig 3, and a damper 17 is set on the platform support by a horizontal bar. After calibrating the verticality of the drive drill rod 10 by the two cones 13, check whether the distance between the center of the drive drill rod 10 and the center of the exploration hole is within the deviation range. If not, readjust the position of the geological exploration drilling rig 3 until the requirements are met.

[0042] (3) After determining the hole position, determine the required length of the sampling sleeve 12 according to the expected hole depth. First, perform shallow sampling. The shallow drilling sampling process is carried out in an overlapping manner with the process of lowering the sampling sleeve 12. Each section of the sampling drill rod 5 is provided with a hemispherical joint. The hemispherical joints of two adjacent sections of the drill rod are connected to form an arc-shaped or spherical outward-convex joint 7. The lower end face of the sampling drill bit 14 is provided with a ring of downward-drilling forward drill teeth 15, and the middle is provided with a ring of reverse drill teeth 16. The sampling sleeve 12 is a specially made sleeve with arc-shaped pads 23 arranged circumferentially on the inner wall. The pads 23 are distributed in a ring at intervals on the inner wall of the sleeve 12.

[0043] The shallow borehole sampling process is as follows: First, the sampling drill bit 14 is installed on the core tube 19 and connected to the sampling drill rod 5 with a hemispherical joint to form a sampling tool. Then, the sampling tool is connected to the drive drill rod 10. The drive drill rod 10 is used to gradually drill the sampling tool into the formation for core sampling. After one pass, the sampling tool is removed. Then, a drill bit with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the casing 12 is installed at the bottom of the casing 12. The upper part is connected to the drive drill rod 10 through a reducing joint. The drive drill rod 10 is used to drill the casing 12 to the current core sampling depth and is fixed with casing clamps. After removing the reducing joint, the drive drill rod 10 is connected to the sampling tool and placed into the casing 12 to increase the core sampling depth. The number of drill rods is used for the next sampling. After the next sampling, the length of the casing 12 is increased to the next sampling depth, and this process is repeated. During the removal of the sampling drill tool in each round, the drive drill rod 10 must be removed first. The clamp 8 at the end of the steel strand 11 is used to clamp the uppermost first section of the sampling drill rod 5 in the rod-lifting groove 22. The winch 6 is controlled to drive the steel strand 11 to pull up the section of the sampling drill rod 5 along the pulley 400 at the top of the platform support 4. After the pad fork is inserted into the pad fork groove 20 and fixed, the wrench fork is inserted into the wrench fork groove 21 and reversed to separate the upper and lower adjacent sections of the sampling drill rod 5. This action is repeated to remove each section of the sampling drill rod 5 and the core tube 19 from the deep part.

[0044] (4) When the casing 12 is lowered to the predetermined position, use casing wrenches to fix the casing 12 to prevent it from slipping. Then, start deep drilling sampling. The deep sampling drill tool is the same as the shallow sampling drill tool, and the process of taking out the deep sampling drill tool is the same as that of taking out the shallow sampling drill tool. When drilling deep holes for sampling, install the sampling drill bit 14 onto the core tube 19 and connect it with the sampling drill rod 5 with a hemispherical joint to form a sampling drill tool. Then connect the sampling drill tool to the drive drill rod 10 and use the drive drill rod 10 to put the sampling drill tool into the casing. Increase the number of sampling drill rods 5 according to the hole depth to put the sampling drill tool into the casing. The drilling gradually proceeds into deeper strata for deep coring operations. During the sampling drilling process, the lateral deformation at the drill pipe connection is reduced by the arc-shaped or spherical outward-convex joint 7 of the sampling drill pipe 5. The drilling personnel compare the verticality of the drive drill pipe 10 with the vertical lines of the suspension cones 13 in two directions. If tilting occurs, the angle of the drive drill pipe 10 is immediately adjusted. If the drive drill pipe is significantly tilted, causing a large deviation in the borehole wall, and the deviation of the drilling sampling hole cannot be reduced by adjusting the drive drill pipe, the sampling drill pipe and the core tube should be removed. After the verticality of the drive drill pipe is calibrated, coring drilling is restarted. During the sampling process, the drive drill rod 10 is raised and lowered back and forth for each drilling sampling cycle, with the number of back-and-forth movements controlled between 2 and 5. The reverse drill teeth 16 on the outside of the drill bit are used to continuously trim the hole wall and improve the verticality of the borehole. The number of drilling sampling cycles and the rotation speed of the drilling rig are related to the descent speed of the drive drill rod. When the descent speed of the drive drill rod is stable, the pressure gauge is adjusted to the medium setting, a medium rotation speed is selected, and the drilling rig power is maintained, with a sampling cycle of 2 m / cycle. When the descent speed of the drive drill rod is unstable, the pressure gauge is adjusted to the low setting, a slow rotation speed is selected, and the drilling rig power is maintained, with a sampling cycle of 0.5 m / cycle.

[0045] (5) After all the sampling processes are completed, first pull out the sampling drill bit, then connect the casing 12 to the drive drill rod 10 through the reducer 24, loosen the casing 12 by using the drive drill rod 10, clamp the uppermost reducer 10 with the clip 8 at the end of the steel strand 11, control the winch 6 to drive the steel strand 11 to pull up the section of casing 12 along the pulley 400 at the top of the platform support 4, and fix it with casing pliers. Then use another casing pliers to hold the outer wall of the casing 12 and reverse it to separate the two adjacent sections of casing 12. Repeat this action to remove each section of casing 12, and finally seal the hole.

[0046] The above description is merely illustrative of preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A geological exploration drilling device for improving borehole verticality, characterized in that: The drilling equipment comprises a steel beam platform (2), a platform support (4), a geological exploration equipment and a drill rod verticality correction mechanism arranged on the steel beam platform (2); the geological exploration equipment comprises a bottom plate (1) fixed on the steel beam platform (2), a geological exploration drilling machine (3) arranged on the bottom plate (1), a sampling drill rod (5) arranged below a driving drill rod (10) of the geological exploration drilling machine (3), a coring pipe (19) arranged at a bottom end of the drill rod, and a sampling drill bit (14) connected to a lower end of the coring pipe (19), and a drilling hole (100) is arranged at a position corresponding to the sampling drill hole on the bottom plate (1); the drill rod verticality correction mechanism comprises a conical body (13) suspended on a front side and a side of the geological exploration equipment, and two conical bodies (13) are arranged on a horizontal middle line and a vertical middle line of the drilling hole (100) respectively; the sampling drill rod (5) comprises a plurality of specially designed drill rods connected to each other, and an arc-shaped or spherical outer protruding joint (7) is arranged at a connecting position of adjacent two specially designed drill rods; a circle of forward drill teeth (15) and a circle of reverse drill teeth (16) are arranged on the sampling drill bit (14), and the forward drill teeth (15) are arranged on a drilling end surface of the sampling drill bit (14); and a pressure gauge (9) is arranged on the geological exploration drilling machine (3); when the depth of the sampling drill hole is greater than 30 m, the drilling equipment further comprises a sampling casing (12) arranged in the sampling drill hole, the sampling casing (12) is a specially designed casing with a plurality of pad blocks (23) arranged on an inner wall in a ring shape, the pad blocks (23) are arc-shaped blocks and are arranged in a ring shape and at intervals on the inner wall of the casing (12), and an inner diameter of a ring formed by the plurality of pad blocks (23) is greater than the maximum diameter of the arc-shaped or spherical outer protruding joint (7), the coring pipe (19) and the sampling drill bit (14); the arc-shaped or spherical outer protruding joint (7) comprises a first half-spherical joint (700) and a second half-spherical joint (701) arranged at two ends of each specially designed drill rod of the sampling drill rod (5) and matched with each other, and the two half-spherical joints are respectively provided with inner and outer threads matched with each other; a third half-spherical joint (702) matched with a half-spherical joint at an end of a first specially designed drill rod at an upper end of the sampling drill rod (5) is connected to a lower end of the driving drill rod (10), and the driving drill rod (10) is connected to the sampling drill rod (5) through the third half-spherical joint (702); a lower end of the sampling drill rod (5) is connected to the coring pipe (19) through a reducing joint (703), the reducing joint (703) is provided with a threaded interface matched with a half-spherical joint at an end of a last specially designed drill rod at a lower end of the sampling drill rod (5); and the sampling drill bit (14) is threadedly connected to the lower end of the coring pipe (19).

2. A geological survey drilling apparatus for improving the perpendicularity of a borehole according to claim 1, characterized in that: The geological exploration equipment also includes a winch (6) and a steel strand (11) for lifting the rod, which are installed on the geological exploration drilling rig (3). One end of the steel strand (11) is wound around the winding roller of the winch (6), and the other end is provided with a clip (8). When lifting the rod after drilling and core sampling is completed, the end of the steel strand (11) with the clip (8) passes around the pulley (400) at the top of the platform support (4) and connects to the sampling drill rod (5). The sampling drill rod (5), the core tube (19) and the sampling drill bit (14) are pulled up by the winch (6) and the steel strand (11).

3. The geologic survey drilling apparatus of claim 1, wherein: The steel beam platform (2) is a "well" shaped steel beam platform. The cone (13) is suspended on the outside of the steel beam platform (2) by the bracket (18), with its cone tip pointing downwards. A damper (17) is installed on the platform bracket (4).

4. The geologic survey drilling apparatus of claim 1, wherein: Each of the special drill rods and the reducing joint (703) of the sampling drill rod (5) is provided with a rod-raising groove (22) and a pad fork groove (20) on both sides of the top. Each special drill rod is also provided with a wrench fork groove (21) at the lower end. The sleeve (12) is made of multiple sleeve sections connected by threads.

5. A method of using the geologic survey drilling apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4 to drill a sample, the method comprising: The drilling and sampling method described above is used when the sampling hole depth is greater than 30m, and its specific steps are as follows: (1) Determine the correct location of the exploration hole, then level the site and place the "well" shaped steel beam platform. Place the geological exploration equipment on the steel beam platform so that the drilling hole on the base plate is directly opposite the sampling drilling hole. Install the geological exploration drilling machine on the base plate with its drive drill rod directly opposite the drilling hole. (2) Hang a cone upside down on the front and side of the geological exploration drilling rig by means of a vertical line, and set a damper on the platform support by means of a horizontal bar. After calibrating the verticality of the drive drill rod by means of the two cones, check whether the distance between the center of the drive drill rod and the center of the exploration hole is within the deviation range. If not, readjust the position of the geological exploration drilling rig until the requirements are met. (3) After determining the hole position, determine the length of the sampling sleeve according to the expected hole depth, and perform shallow sampling. In the shallow sampling process, the sampling casing is installed simultaneously, the shallow drilling sampling process and the installation process of the sampling casing are cross conducted, and the specific process is as follows: first, the sampling drill bit is installed on the coring pipe and connected with the sampling drill rod to form the sampling drilling tool, then the sampling drilling tool is connected with the driving drill rod, the sampling drilling tool is gradually drilled into the stratum by the driving drill rod to perform coring operation once, then the sampling drilling tool is taken out, then a drill bit with a diameter larger than the outer diameter of the casing is installed at the bottom of the casing, the upper part is connected with the driving drill rod through a matching reducing joint, the casing is drilled to the present coring depth by the driving drill rod, and is fixed by the casing tongs, after the reducing joint is removed, the driving drill rod is connected with the sampling drilling tool and put into the casing, the number of drill rods is increased to perform the next round of sampling, after the next round of sampling, the length of the casing is also increased to the next round of sampling depth, and the process is repeated to complete the shallow sampling and the installation of the casing; wherein the sampling drill rod is connected by special drill rods with hemispherical joints, the hemispherical joints of adjacent two drill rods are connected to form an arc or spherical convex joint; the lower end surface of the sampling drill bit is provided with a circle of downward drilling teeth, and a circle of reverse drilling teeth is arranged in the middle part; the casing adopts a special casing with arc-shaped pads arranged on the inner wall; when the sampling casing is installed, the sampling drilling depth is increased by 8-11 m, and the length of the sampling casing is increased by 3-5 m; the arc-shaped pads of the sampling inner wall are equidistantly arranged on the inner wall of the casing, and the pads arranged on the inner wall of the casing in a ring shape can control the lateral deformation of the drill rod; (4) when the sampling casing is lowered to the predetermined position, the sampling casing is fixed by the casing tongs to prevent sliding, and then deep drilling sampling is started, the deep sampling drilling tool is the same as the shallow sampling drilling tool, and the deep sampling drilling tool is taken out in the same way as the shallow sampling drilling tool; when the deep drilling sampling is performed, the sampling drill bit is installed on the coring pipe and connected with the sampling drill rod to form the sampling drilling tool, then the sampling drilling tool is connected with the driving drill rod, the sampling drilling tool is put into the casing by the driving drill rod, and the number of sampling drill rods is increased according to the hole depth to gradually drill into the deep stratum to perform deep coring operation; during the sampling drilling process, the arc or spherical convex joint of the sampling drill rod reduces the lateral deformation of the drill rod connection, the drilling personnel compares the driving drill rod with the vertical lines of the two-direction suspension cone, calibrates the perpendicularity, and adjusts the angle of the driving drill rod immediately if the inclination occurs; and by lifting and lowering the driving drill rod back and forth, the reverse drill teeth outside the drill bit are used to constantly trim the hole wall to improve the drilling perpendicularity; (5) after all the sampling processes are completed, the sampling drilling tool is pulled out, then the sampling casing is connected with the driving drill rod through the reducing joint, the casing is loosened by the driving drill rod, the uppermost reducing joint is clamped in the rod lifting groove by the buckle clamp at the end of the steel wire, the winch is controlled to drive the steel wire to slide along the top pulley of the platform support to pull up the casing, the casing is fixed by the casing tongs, the other casing tongs is buckled on the outer wall of the casing to separate the upper and lower two adjacent casings, the action is repeated to take out each casing in the deep part, and finally the hole is sealed.

6. A method of sampling using a geological survey drilling apparatus for drilling a borehole with improved verticality as claimed in claim 5, wherein: The sampling drill rod pulling-out process in the step (5) is the same as the sampling drill rod pulling-out process in each time of the steps (3) and (4), and the specific process is as follows: first, the driving drill rod is removed, the uppermost first section of the sampling drill rod is clamped in the rod lifting groove through the buckle clamp at the end of the steel strand, the winch drives the steel strand to pull up the section of the sampling drill rod along the top pulley of the platform support, and after the pad fork is inserted into the pad fork groove and fixed, the lever fork is inserted into the lever fork groove and reversed to separate the two adjacent sections of the sampling drill rod, and the action is repeated to pull out each section of the sampling drill rod and the coring tube in the deep place.

7. The method of sampling using a geological survey drilling apparatus for drilling a borehole with improved verticality as claimed in claim 5 wherein: In the step (4), the driving drill rod is lifted and lowered back and forth for each time of the drilling sampling, and the number of times of lifting and lowering back and forth is controlled to be 2-5 times; the number of times of the drilling sampling and the rotation rate of the drilling machine are adjusted according to the descending rate of the driving drill rod; when the descending rate of the driving drill rod is stable, the pressure indicator is adjusted to the middle range, the medium rotation rate is selected, the power of the drilling machine is kept, and the sampling is 2m / time; when the descending rate of the driving drill rod is unstable, the pressure indicator is adjusted to the low range, the slow rotation rate is selected, the power of the drilling machine is kept, and the sampling is 0.5m / time.

Images