A mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mining

Abstract

The present invention provides a mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mining, including: S1, arranging ore blocks and sublevel division panels in stages; S2, driving intake ramps, return air ramps, sublevel crossheadings, intake headings and return air headings; S3, arranging development engineering at the bottom of the ore room stage; S4, mining the first sublevel; S5, mining the second sublevel; S6, supporting the roof of the ore room; S7, replacing the mining of the ore room. The development layout of the present invention is based on the principle of two fire channels of the scissors staircase, and the upper and lower sublevel end ramp crossheadings are connected, which not only saves the upper return airway project in the same sublevel but also solves the requirement of two safety exits; the stoping process is simple with short-hole ore caving, the development and cutting work amount is small, the mining ratio is low, the ventilation condition is good, the mechanization degree is high, the labor intensity is low, the production cycle of the ore block is short, the production efficiency is high, and the production capacity is large.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underground mines, and particularly to a mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mine mining. Background Art

[0002] Limestone for cement belongs to low-cost mineral products. At present, the main methods for limestone mining are the short-hole shrinkage open stoping method and the short-hole room-and-pillar method. The short-hole shrinkage open stoping method has great difficulty in roof control, which is prone to roof fall and rib spalling, resulting in casualties. The mining operation intensity of workers is high, the production capacity is small, the mining cycle is long, and it is difficult to control the top pillars and intermediate pillars in the stope, which is prone to overmining, leading to a major safety hazard that the ore pillars cannot meet the design value, and it is also prone to under-mining, resulting in a high loss rate of the ore room and causing artificial resource waste. The overall mining mechanization degree is low; the short-hole room-and-pillar method also has great difficulty in roof control, is prone to roof fall and rib spalling, resulting in casualties, the mining operation intensity of workers is high, the production capacity is small, the ventilation is difficult, the dust pollution is serious, which is easy to endanger the physical health of workers, the ore block recovery rate is low, and the overall mining mechanization degree is low. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mine mining, which can greatly improve the production capacity of the ore room, shorten the ore room mining cycle, greatly reduce the operation intensity of workers, has a smooth ventilation line and good ventilation conditions, and effectively solves the problem of blasting dust pollution.

[0004] The present invention is realized as follows: The present invention provides a mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mine mining, including the following steps:

[0005] S1. The ore blocks are longitudinally arranged in stages along the strike of the ore body in the mining area, several sublevels are vertically divided along the ore blocks, several panels are transversely divided along the strike of the ore body in the mining area, several ore rooms are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body in each panel, and the ore pillars of each ore room correspond to each other up and down.

[0006] S2. An intake ramp, a return air ramp, sublevel crosscuts, intake headings and return air headings are driven. The return air ramp and the intake ramp form a scissors-type staircase structure. The intake ramp and the return air ramp are connected to each sublevel through the sublevel crosscuts. The sublevel crosscuts connect the intake ramp with the intake sublevel and the return air ramp with the return air sublevel. The ends of the upper and lower intake and return sublevels are connected by ramp crosscuts.

[0007] S3. The bottom structure development engineering is arranged in stages at the bottom of the ore room at the stage, and a cutting drift vertically penetrating the ore body is arranged at the bottom of the ore room.

[0008] S4. The extraction of the ore room is carried out one by one from one side to the other side of the panel where the ore room is located. For each ore room, the bottom cut drift of the stage is first enlarged to extract the ore body of the first sublevel at the bottom. After blasting, a scaling jumbo is used to remove the dangerous rocks from the roof. All the ore mined in each blast is emptied until the extraction of the first sublevel is completed.

[0009] S5. For the extraction of the second sublevel, the tunneling jumbo is moved to the upper sublevel through the ramp crossheading for operation. The ore mined in each blast falls to the lower sublevel. All the ore higher than the sublevel height is emptied. An excavator is used to level the operation platform to the floor height of the upper sublevel roadway. A ventilation gap is reserved in the stope until the extraction of the second sublevel is completed, and then the upward meandering sublevel caving is continued to extract until the designed height of the ore room is reached, and the blasting caving of the ore room is ended.

[0010] S6. The roof of the ore room is effectively supported by an anchor jumbo and a shotcreting jumbo.

[0011] S7. After the ore extraction at the bottom of the concentrated stage of this ore room is completed, the next ore room is taken over for extraction until the extraction of all the ore rooms in the panel is completed.

[0012] Further, in the step S1, the height of the sublevel is determined according to the maximum drilling height of the drill boom of the tunneling jumbo equipment.

[0013] Further, in the step S3, an ore extraction crossheading communicating with the cut drift is arranged between adjacent ore rooms.

[0014] Further, in the step S6, after the roof of the ore room is effectively supported by an anchor jumbo and a shotcreting jumbo, the ore is extracted centrally through the ore extraction crossheading.

[0015] Further, in the step S3, mechanical ventilation is adopted for the ventilation during the construction of the preparatory engineering.

[0016] Further, in the step S7, when taking over the extraction of the next ore room, the goaf formed by the previous ore room is subsequently backfilled.

[0017] The advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] 1. The development layout is based on the principle of two fire channels of the scissors staircase, and the upper and lower sublevel end ramp crossheadings are connected, which not only saves the engineering of the upper panel return airway in the same sublevel but also solves the requirement of two safety exits.

[0019] 2. The shallow hole caving of the tunneling jumbo replaces the original manual shallow hole caving of YT28 pneumatic drills, with a higher degree of mechanization and a lower labor intensity for workers.

[0020] 3. The stope extraction operation can arrange the center line to control the stope width and effectively control the ore pillars reserved in the stope.

[0021] 4. For the stope roof risk removal and support, the operation of the bolter and shotcreting jumbo can be adopted to replace the manual bolting and dry shotcreting operations, effectively solving the problem of difficult roof control.

[0022] 5. The ventilation method adopts the lower panel intake air and the upper panel return air, which has a smoother ventilation path and better ventilation conditions compared with the ventilation pedestrian raise or the ventilation line of the upper mountain in the shrinkage stoping method; compared with the shrinkage room and pillar method, there is no ventilation layout in the upper part of the stope, solving the ventilation problem.

[0023] 6. The stoping process is simple, with shallow-hole ore drawing, less development and cut-off work, low mining ratio, good ventilation conditions, high mechanization level, low labor intensity, short ore block production cycle, high production efficiency, and large production capacity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

[0025] Figure 1 is the mining flow chart of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is the structural cross-sectional schematic Figure 1 ;

[0027] Figure 3 is the structural cross-sectional schematic Figure 2 ;

[0028] Figure 4 is Figure 2 the schematic III-III cross-sectional view in

[0029] Figure 5 is the schematic of the panel layout of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 6 is the schematic of the panel layout of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0031] Figure 7 is the schematic of the panel layout of the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0032] In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are as follows:

[0033] 1. Stage haulage roadway; 2. Intake airway; 3. Cut-through drift; 4. Ore-drawing crossheading; 5. Return airway; 6. Roof; 7. Pillar; 8. Stope; 9. Goaf; 10. Ore heap; 11. Intake ramp; 12. Return ramp; 13. Sublevel crossheading; 14. Ramp crossheading. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0034] Please refer to Figures 1 - 7, the present invention provides a mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mining, which includes the following steps:

[0035] S1. Ore blocks are longitudinally arranged in stages along the strike of the ore body in the mining area, several sublevels are vertically divided along the ore block, several panels are horizontally divided along the strike of the ore body in the mining area, several ore rooms are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body in each panel, and the ore pillars of each ore room correspond to each other up and down;

[0036] S2. A forced draft ramp, a return air ramp, sublevel crossheadings, a forced draft drift and a return air drift are driven. The return air ramp and the forced draft ramp form a scissors-type staircase structure. The forced draft ramp and the return air ramp are connected to each sublevel through sublevel crossheadings. The sublevel crossheadings connect the forced draft ramp with the forced draft sublevel and the return air ramp with the return air sublevel. The ends of the upper and lower sublevels of the intake and return air are connected by a ramp crossheading;

[0037] S3. The bottom structure development engineering is arranged in sublevels at the bottom of the ore room stage, and a cutting drift vertically penetrating the ore body is arranged at the bottom of the ore room;

[0038] S4. The ore room is mined one by one from one side to the other side of the panel where the ore room is located. For each ore room, the cutting drift at the bottom of the stage sublevel is first enlarged to mine the ore body of the lowermost first sublevel ore room. After blasting, the roof is scaled by a scaling jumbo. All the ore mined in each blast is completely emptied until the first sublevel mining is completed;

[0039] S5. For the second sublevel mining, the tunneling jumbo moves to the upper sublevel for operation through the forced draft ramp and the return air ramp. The ore mined in each blast falls to the lower sublevel. The ore higher than the sublevel height is completely emptied. An excavator is used to level the operation platform to the height of the upper sublevel roadway floor. A ventilation gap is reserved in the stope until the second layer mining is completed, and then the upward circuitous sublevel caving mining continues until the designed height of the ore room is reached, and the ore blasting caving in the ore room ends;

[0040] S6. The roof of the ore room is effectively supported by an anchor jumbo and a shotcreting jumbo;

[0041] S7. After the ore in this ore room is extracted, the next ore room is taken over for mining until all the ore rooms in the panel are mined.

[0042] Specifically, in the step S1, the height of the sublevel is determined according to the maximum drilling height of the drill boom of the tunneling jumbo equipment.

[0043] Specifically, in the step S3, an ore drawing cross drift communicating with the cutting drift is arranged between adjacent ore rooms.

[0044] Specifically, in the step S6, after the roof of the ore room is effectively supported by an anchor jumbo and a shotcreting jumbo, the ore is concentratedly drawn through the ore drawing cross drift.

[0045] Specifically, in the step S3, mechanical ventilation is adopted for the ventilation during the development engineering construction.

[0046] Specifically, in the step S7, when the next stope takes over the stoping, the goaf formed in the previous stope is backfilled subsequently.

[0047] The specific layout and mining process of the mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method of the present invention are as follows:

[0048] 1. The ramp development is adopted, and the overall layout is arranged according to the principle of two fire channels of the scissors staircase. One ramp is arranged along the hanging wall and footwall outside the limestone ore body along the ore body strike, one as the intake ramp 11, and one as the return air ramp 12. Each sublevel is connected by a sublevel crossheading 13. The intake ramp is connected to the intake sublevel, and the return air ramp is connected to the return air sublevel. The ends of the upper and lower sublevel intake headings 2 and the return air headings 5 are connected by a ramp crossheading 14 to meet the requirements of two safety exits for each sublevel and each panel; the ore blocks are longitudinally arranged in stages in the mining area, and the ore is blasted in sublevels. The sublevel height is determined according to the maximum drilling height of the drill boom of the tunneling jumbo equipment. Horizontally in the mining area, the panels are divided along the ore body strike as units, and several stopes are arranged perpendicular to the ore body strike in each panel for stoping, and the ore pillars 7 of the stopes correspond to each other up and down.

[0049] 2. The bottom structure development engineering is arranged in sublevels at the bottom of the stope stage. One cut-through drift 3 is arranged vertically through the ore body in each stope, and the ore-drawing crossheadings 4 are arranged to connect the cut-through drifts between two stopes. A 10-m long crossheading connecting the stope is arranged in each sublevel. Mechanical ventilation is adopted for the development engineering construction.

[0050] The stoping of the stope is carried out one by one from one side of the panel to the other side. For each stope, the cut-through drift 3 at the bottom of the stope stage is first enlarged to stop the ore body of the first sublevel of the stope. The roof 6 is scaled by a scaling jumbo. All the ore mined in each blast is emptied and transported out through the stage haulage roadway 1 until the stoping of the first sublevel is completed. The stope 8 is connected to the upper sublevel crossheading to form a through-flow of air in the stope; for the stoping of the second sublevel, the tunneling jumbo moves to the upper sublevel for operation. The ore mined in each blast falls to the lower sublevel to form an ore pile 10. The ore higher than the sublevel height is emptied. An excavator is used to level the working platform to the height of the upper sublevel roadway floor. A ventilation gap is reserved in the stope until the stoping of the second sublevel is completed; continue to stop the ore in an upward and circuitous sublevel until the designed height of the stope is reached. The roof of the stope is effectively supported by a bolter and a shotcreting jumbo. After the support is completed, the ore is concentrated and drawn through the ore-drawing crossheading 4 at the bottom of the stope stage until all the ore in the stope is drawn out, forming a goaf 9. When the next stope takes over the stoping, the goaf formed in the stope is backfilled subsequently.

[0051] The overall mining by the mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method of the present invention has a high degree of mechanization. The heading jumbo is used for mining operations, which greatly improves the production capacity of the ore room, shortens the mining cycle of the ore room, and significantly reduces the labor intensity of workers; the full-face blasting is advanced, which can effectively control the setting of ore pillars, avoid over-mining and under-mining, and effectively improve the extraction rate of ore blocks; the roof safety risk removal is carried out by the scaling jumbo, and the roof support is carried out by the bolting jumbo and the shotcreting jumbo, which greatly reduces the difficulty of roof control; the ventilation method is to intake air from the footwall and exhaust air from the hanging wall, with a smooth ventilation line and good ventilation conditions, effectively solving the problem of blasting dust pollution.

[0052] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art of this technology should understand that the specific embodiments we described are illustrative rather than used to limit the scope of the present invention. Equivalent optimizations and changes made by those skilled in the art in accordance with the concept of the present invention should be covered by the scope protected by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mining, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Ore blocks are longitudinally arranged in stages along the strike of the ore body in the mining area. Several sublevels are divided longitudinally along the ore block. Several panels are divided transversely along the strike of the ore body in the mining area. Several ore rooms are arranged perpendicular to the strike of the ore body in each panel. The ore pillars of each ore room correspond to each other vertically up and down. S2. An intake ramp, a return air ramp, sublevel crossheadings, intake level headings and return air level headings are driven. The return air ramp and the intake ramp form a scissors-type staircase structure. The intake ramp and the return air ramp are connected to each sublevel through sublevel crossheadings. The sublevel crossheadings connect the intake ramp with the intake sublevel and the return air ramp with the return air sublevel. The ends of the upper and lower intake and return air sublevels are connected by inclined crossheadings. S3. The bottom structure development engineering is arranged in sublevels at the bottom of the ore room stage. A cut-through drift perpendicular to the ore body is arranged at the bottom of the ore room. S4. The ore room stoping is carried out one by one from one side to the other side of the panel where the ore room is located. For each ore room, the cut-through drift at the bottom of the sublevel of the stage bottom is first enlarged to stop the ore body of the first sublevel ore room at the bottom. After blasting, a scaling jumbo is used to remove the dangerous rocks from the roof. All the ore mined in each blast is emptied. This continues until the mining of the first sublevel is completed. S5. For the stoping of the second sublevel, the tunneling jumbo moves to the upper sublevel for operation through the inclined crossheading. The ore mined in each blast falls to the lower sublevel. The ore higher than the sublevel height is emptied. An excavator is used to level the operation platform to the height of the floor of the upper sublevel roadway. A ventilation gap is reserved in the stope. This continues until the mining of the second sublevel is completed. Then, the upward and circuitous sublevel caving stoping continues until the designed height of the ore room is reached, and the blast caving of the ore room ends. S6. The roof of the ore room is effectively supported by a bolting jumbo and a shotcreting jumbo. S7. After the centralized ore drawing at the bottom of the ore room stage is completed, the next ore room is taken over for stoping until the stoping of all the ore rooms in the panel is completed.

2. The mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mine according to claim 1, wherein: In the step S1, the height of the sublevel is determined according to the maximum drilling height of the drill boom of the tunneling jumbo equipment.

3. A mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mine exploitation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, an ore drawing crossheading connected to the cut-through drift is arranged between adjacent ore rooms.

4. A mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mining as described in claim 3, characterized in that: In the step S6, after the roof of the ore room is effectively supported by a bolting jumbo and a shotcreting jumbo, the ore is centrally drawn through the ore drawing crossheading.

5. A mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mine exploitation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, mechanical ventilation is adopted for the ventilation during the construction of the development engineering.

6. The mechanized short-hole sublevel open stoping method for limestone underground mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S7, when taking over the stoping of the next ore room, the goaf formed by the previous ore room is subsequently backfilled.

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