A permanent reinforcement structure and construction method for excavating tunnels with small clearance.

Abstract

This invention proposes a permanent and temporary reinforcement structure and construction method for excavating tunnels with small clearances. The permanent and temporary reinforcement structure includes a bridge deck, with auxiliary works on both sides. The bridge deck is located on the top surface of a bridge beam, with the middle of the bottom surface of the beam located at the upper end of a pier structure. The two ends of the bottom surface of the beam are symmetrically located at the upper ends of abutment structures. Piers are located between multiple tunnel entrances, and abutment structures are located on the outer sides of multiple tunnel entrances. Multiple pressure relief holes are located on both sides of each tunnel entrance, with buffer rubber pads at the upper ends of the pressure relief holes. A layer of gravel is placed above the buffer rubber pads. The structure and method proposed in this invention can be used for temporary reinforcement of tunnel entrances and can also be permanently used as part of an existing highway, exhibiting strong permanent and temporary integration characteristics and achieving good cost reduction and efficiency improvement effects.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel construction engineering, in particular to a permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating small-distance tunnels and a construction method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of high-grade highway construction, when the alignment of mountainous highway is selected, the uplink and downlink tunnels are often limited by the terrain, so that the minimum distance between two adjacent tunnels cannot meet the requirements of the design specification, which is called a small-distance tunnel. It is often used for narrow or special requirements of medium and short tunnels and local sections of long or extra-long tunnel portals.

[0003] When the small-distance tunnel portal is below the existing highway, due to the shallow burial depth of the tunnel portal itself, the poor stability of the surrounding rock, and the proximity to the existing highway, the portal is prone to collapse, endangering the safety of construction workers, pedestrians and vehicles, and there is a major safety hazard. It will also disrupt traffic and affect traffic. The traditional method is to use advanced support, grouting and other methods to reinforce the tunnel portal, but the impact on the existing highway during construction is uncontrollable, and there are still some safety hazards. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating small-distance tunnels and a construction method, in order to solve the technical problem that the reinforcement method of advanced support, grouting and other methods in the background technology cannot control the impact on the existing highway during construction, and there are still some safety hazards.

[0005] The present application provides a permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating small-distance tunnels, which comprises a bridge deck (1), two sides of the bridge deck (1) are respectively provided with auxiliary works (2), the bridge deck (1) is arranged on the top surface of a beam slab (3), the bottom surface of the beam slab (3) is arranged on the upper end of a pier structure (4), the bottom surface of the beam slab (3) is symmetrically arranged on the upper end of an abutment structure (5), the pier structure (4) is arranged between a plurality of tunnel portals (6), a plurality of abutment structures (5) are respectively arranged on the outer sides of a plurality of tunnel portals (6), a plurality of pressure relief holes (7) are arranged on both sides of a plurality of tunnel portals (6), a plurality of buffer rubber pads (8) are arranged on the upper ends of a plurality of pressure relief holes (7), and a gravel and crushed stone layer (9) is arranged above a plurality of buffer rubber pads (8).

[0006] The permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel, wherein the pier structure (4) comprises a plurality of pier rubber bearings (41), the top surfaces of the plurality of pier rubber bearings (41) are arranged at the middle of the bottom surface of the beam slab (3), the bottom surfaces of the plurality of pier rubber bearings (41) are respectively provided with pier bearing abutments (42), the plurality of pier bearing abutments (42) are arranged at the top surfaces of pier bent caps (43), the bottom surface of the pier bent cap (43) is arranged at the top surfaces of a plurality of pier columns (44), and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of pier columns (44) are arranged at the top surfaces of a pier foundation (45).

[0007] The permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel, wherein the pier structure (4) comprises a plurality of pier rubber bearings (41), the top surfaces of the plurality of pier rubber bearings (41) are arranged at the middle of the bottom surface of the beam slab (3), the bottom surfaces of the plurality of pier rubber bearings (41) are respectively provided with pier bearing abutments (42), the plurality of pier bearing abutments (42) are arranged at the top surfaces of pier bent caps (43), the bottom surface of the pier bent cap (43) is arranged at the top surfaces of a plurality of pier columns (44), and the bottom surfaces of the plurality of pier columns (44) are arranged at the top surfaces of a pier foundation (45).

[0008] The permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel, wherein one side of the abutment cap (53) is provided with a plurality of slab corbels (531).

[0009] The permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel, wherein the pier foundation (45) and the abutment foundation (55) each comprise a plurality of steel pipe piles (451), and the upper ends of the plurality of steel pipe piles (451) are arranged at the bottom surfaces of enlarged foundations (452).

[0010] The permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel, wherein the plurality of steel pipe piles (451) in the abutment foundation (55) are arranged in two rows, and each row has three steel pipe piles; and the plurality of steel pipe piles (451) in the pier foundation (45) are arranged in one row, and each row has three steel pipe piles.

[0011] The permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel, wherein the depths of the plurality of pressure relief holes (7) are lower than the bottom surfaces of the plurality of tunnel portals (6).

[0012] The present application also provides a construction method of the permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel, wherein the permanent and temporary reinforcement structure is any one of the permanent and temporary reinforcement structures described above, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0013] S1: field investigation and data collection, understand the geological conditions of the tunnel portal (6) and the existing highway traffic requirements, determine the structure form, size and reinforcement structure of the bridge through three-dimensional simulation calculation software;

[0014] S2: traffic guide to the existing highway, excavate and level the site after taking good safety protection measures;

[0015] S3: measurement and setting out, determine the construction coordinates of the steel pipe pile (451);

[0016] S4: steel pipe pile (451) setting and splicing;

[0017] S5: grouting and reinforcing the steel pipe pile (451);

[0018] S6: measurement and setting out, determine the construction coordinates of the pressure relief hole (7), and use a small core drilling equipment;

[0019] S7: measurement and setting out, expand the foundation (452) construction;

[0020] S8: measurement and setting out, bridge pier structure (4) and abutment structure (5) construction;

[0021] S9: measurement and setting out, beam slab (3) cast-in-place construction;

[0022] S10: the bridge deck (1) and the auxiliary engineering (2) construction.

[0023] The construction method of the permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small distance tunnel, wherein, in the step S8, when the bridge pier structure (4) and the abutment structure (5) are constructed, the abutment cap (53) or the bridge pier cap (43) embedded part is embedded.

[0024] The construction method of the permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small distance tunnel, wherein, in the step S10, the bridge deck (1) is constructed, and the bridge deck pavement adopts the same structure as the existing highway.

[0025] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in the following description, or some features and advantages can be inferred or determined without doubt from the description, or can be known by implementing the above-mentioned technology of the present application.

[0026] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the following preferred embodiments are described in detail below, and the accompanying drawings are described as follows. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The appearance structure diagram of the permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small distance tunnel is provided.

[0028] Figure 2 The internal structure cross-section diagram of the permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating small-pitch tunnels according to the present application;

[0029] Figure 3 The internal structure cross-section diagram of the permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating small-pitch tunnels according to the present application;

[0030] Figure 4 The pier structure diagram of the permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating small-pitch tunnels according to the present application;

[0031] Figure 5 The abutment structure diagram of the permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating small-pitch tunnels according to the present application;

[0032] Figure 6 The abutment cap structure diagram of the permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating small-pitch tunnels according to the present application.

[0033] In the figure: 1, bridge deck; 2, auxiliary works; 3, beam slab; 4, pier structure; 41, pier rubber bearing; 42, pier bearing cushion stone; 43, pier cap beam; 44, bridge pier column; 45, pier foundation; 451, steel pipe pile; 452, enlarged foundation; 5, abutment structure; 51, abutment rubber bearing; 52, abutment bearing cushion stone; 53, abutment cap; 531, lapping bracket; 54, abutment ribbed slab; 55, abutment foundation; 56, bridge head lapping; 6, tunnel portal; 7, pressure relief hole; 8, buffer rubber pad; 9, sand gravel layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below in connection with the attached drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings. However, the present application can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and fully convey the scope of the application to those skilled in the art.

[0035] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0036] Embodiment, please refer to Figures 1 to 3 The present application provides a permanent and temporary reinforcement structure for excavating small-pitch tunnels, specifically comprising a bridge deck 1, and auxiliary works 2 are arranged on both sides of the bridge deck 1.

[0037] The bridge deck 1 is arranged on the top surface of the beam slab 3, the middle part of the bottom surface of the beam slab 3 is arranged on the upper end of the pier structure 4, the two ends of the bottom surface of the beam slab 3 are symmetrically arranged on the upper end of the abutment structure 5, and the pier structure 4 is arranged between a plurality of tunnel openings 6. In this embodiment, a plurality of abutment structures 5 are respectively arranged on the outer sides of a plurality of tunnel openings 6, and a plurality of pressure relief holes 7 are respectively arranged on the two sides of a plurality of tunnel openings 6. In addition, a plurality of buffer rubber pads 8 are arranged on the upper ends of a plurality of pressure relief holes 7, and a plurality of gravel layers 9 are arranged above a plurality of buffer rubber pads 8.

[0038] Embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 With Figure 2 The pier structure 4 includes a plurality of pier rubber bearings 41, and the top surfaces of the pier rubber bearings 41 are arranged on the middle part of the bottom surface of the beam slab 3. The bottom surfaces of the pier rubber bearings 41 are respectively provided with pier bearing cushion stones 42, and the pier bearing cushion stones 42 are arranged on the top surfaces of pier cap beams 43. The bottom surfaces of the pier cap beams 43 are arranged on the top surfaces of a plurality of bridge pier columns 44, and the bottom surfaces of the bridge pier columns 44 are arranged on the top surfaces of pier foundations 45.

[0039] Embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 The abutment structure 5 includes a plurality of abutment rubber bearings 51, and the top surfaces of the abutment rubber bearings 51 are arranged on one end of the bottom surface of the beam slab 3. The bottom surfaces of the abutment rubber bearings 51 are respectively provided with abutment bearing cushion stones 52, and the abutment bearing cushion stones 52 are arranged on the middle part of abutment coping 53. The bottom surface of the abutment coping 53 is arranged on the top surface of the abutment rib plate 54, the bottom surface of the abutment rib plate 54 is arranged on the top surface of the abutment foundation 55, and one side of the abutment coping 53 is provided with a bridge head slab 56.

[0040] Embodiment, please refer to Figure 3 One side of the abutment coping 53 is provided with a plurality of slab corbels 531, which support the bridge head slab 56 through the plurality of slab corbels 531.

[0041] Embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 The pier foundation 45 and the abutment foundation 55 each include a plurality of steel pipe piles 451, and the upper ends of the steel pipe piles 451 are arranged on the bottom surface of the enlarged foundation 452. It can be understood that, since the existing highway subgrade has good stability, in order to reduce the damage to the original foundation caused by the construction of the bridge foundation and to ensure the safety and stability of the bridge foundation, the bridge foundation does not use bored piles, but uses steel pipe piles 451 in cooperation with enlarged foundations 452 as foundation supports.

[0042] Embodiment, please refer to Figure 5The steel pipe piles 451 in the bridge abutment foundation 55 are arranged in double rows, with 3 piles in each row. The steel pipe piles 451 in the bridge pier foundation 45 are arranged in a single row, with 3 piles in each row.

[0043] Please refer to the following examples. Figure 6 In this embodiment, the depth of the plurality of pressure relief holes 7 is slightly lower than the bottom surface of the plurality of tunnel openings 6. Understandably, this design is intended to achieve better pressure relief efficiency.

[0044] This invention also proposes a construction method for a permanent reinforcement structure for excavating tunnels with small clearances, the method specifically including the following steps:

[0045] S1: On-site investigation and data collection to understand the geological conditions of tunnel entrance 6 and the traffic requirements of the existing highway, and to determine the structural form, size and steel reinforcement of the bridge through three-dimensional simulation calculations using software;

[0046] S2: Traffic diversion will be carried out on the existing highway, and after relevant safety protection measures are in place, the site will be excavated and leveled.

[0047] S3: Survey and set out to determine the construction coordinates of steel pipe pile 451;

[0048] S4: Installation and splicing of steel pipe piles 451;

[0049] S5: Grouting reinforcement of steel pipe pile 451;

[0050] S6: Measure and set out to determine the construction coordinates of pressure relief hole 7, and use a small core drilling device to drill the hole;

[0051] S7: Surveying and setting out, and proceeding with the construction of the enlarged foundation 452;

[0052] S8: Surveying and setting out, and carrying out construction of pier structure 4 and abutment structure 5;

[0053] S9: Surveying and setting out, then proceeding with the cast-in-place construction of beam and slab 3;

[0054] S10: Construction of the bridge deck 1 and the ancillary works 2.

[0055] In step S8, during the construction of the pier structure 4 and the abutment structure 5, it is necessary to pre-embed the abutment cap 53 or the pier cap beam 43. This is understandably to ensure a more robust connection between the abutment cap 53 and the pier cap beam 43, achieving a stronger permanent-temporary bond.

[0056] It should be noted that in step S10 above, the bridge deck paving adopts the same structure as the existing highway during the construction of bridge deck 1.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above-described embodiments are merely specific embodiments of the present application, which are used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, but not to limit the same. The protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any person skilled in the art can still modify or easily think of changes to the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacements to some of the technical features, within the technical scope disclosed by the present application. The modifications, changes or replacements do not cause the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A permanent-temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-pitch tunnel, characterized by, The utility model provides a kind of bridge structure, including bridge deck (1), the two sides of bridge deck (1) are equipped with accessory project (2) respectively, bridge deck (1) is equipped in the top surface of beam slab (3), the bottom surface middle part of beam slab (3) is equipped in the upper end of pier structure (4), the bottom surface both ends of beam slab (3) are symmetrically equipped in the upper end of abutment structure (5), pier structure (4) is equipped between multiple tunnel portals (6), multiple abutment structure (5) is respectively equipped in multiple tunnel portal (6) outside, multiple tunnel portal (6) two sides are equipped with multiple pressure relief hole (7), the upper end of multiple pressure relief hole (7) is equipped with buffer rubber pad (8), and multiple buffer rubber pad (8) is equipped with gravel gravel layer (9) above.

2. The permanent- temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel according to claim 1, wherein, Pier structure (4) includes multiple pier rubber bearing (41), the top surface of multiple pier rubber bearing (41) is equipped in the bottom surface middle part of beam slab (3), the bottom surface of multiple pier rubber bearing (41) is equipped with pier bearing cushion stone (42) respectively, multiple pier bearing cushion stone (42) is equipped in the top surface of pier bent cap (43), the bottom surface of pier bent cap (43) is equipped in the top surface of multiple bridge pier column (44), the bottom surface of multiple bridge pier column (44) is equipped in the top surface of pier foundation (45).

3. The permanent- temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel according to claim 2, wherein, The abutment structure (5) includes multiple abutment rubber bearing (51), the top surface of multiple abutment rubber bearing (51) is equipped in the bottom surface one end of beam slab (3), the bottom surface of multiple abutment rubber bearing (51) is equipped with abutment bearing cushion stone (52) respectively, multiple abutment bearing cushion stone (52) is equipped in the middle part of abutment cap (53), the bottom surface of abutment cap (53) is equipped in the top surface of abutment ribbed slab (54), the bottom surface of abutment ribbed slab (54) is equipped in the top surface of abutment foundation (55), and one side of abutment cap (53) is equipped with bridgehead deck (56).

4. The permanent- temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel according to claim 3, wherein, One side of the abutment cap (53) is provided with a plurality of deck corbels (531).

5. The permanent- temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel according to claim 4, wherein, The pier foundation (45) and the abutment foundation (55) each include a plurality of steel pipe piles (451), and upper ends of the plurality of steel pipe piles (451) are each disposed on a bottom surface of an enlarged foundation (452).

6. The permanent- temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel according to claim 5, wherein, The plurality of steel pipe piles (451) in the abutment foundation (55) are arranged in two rows, with three steel pipe piles in each row; the plurality of steel pipe piles (451) in the pier foundation (45) are arranged in a single row, with three steel pipe piles in the row.

7. The permanent- temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-spacing tunnel according to claim 6, wherein, The plurality of pressure relief holes (7) have a depth that is lower than a bottom surface of the plurality of tunnel portals (6).

8. A construction method of a permanent- temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-pitch tunnel, characterized by, The permanent and temporary reinforcement structure is as claimed in claim 7, and the method comprises the following steps: S1: on-site investigation and data collection, understand the tunnel portal (6) geological conditions and existing highway traffic requirements, determine the structure form, size and reinforcement structure of the bridge through software three-dimensional simulation calculation; S2: traffic guide changes are made to the existing highway, and after relevant safety protection measures are taken, excavation and site leveling are performed; S3: measurement and lofting are performed to determine the construction coordinates of the steel pipe piles (451); S4: the steel pipe piles (451) are driven and connected; S5: the steel pipe piles (451) are grouted and reinforced; S6: measuring and setting out, determining the construction coordinate of the pressure relief hole (7), and drilling with a small coring device; S7: measuring and setting out, and expanding the foundation (452) construction; S8: measuring and setting out, and constructing the pier structure (4) and the abutment structure (5); S9: measuring and setting out, and constructing the beam slab (3) in situ; S10: constructing the bridge deck (1) and the auxiliary works (2).

9. The construction method of a permanent- temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-clearance tunnel according to claim 8, characterized in that, In the step S8, when the pier structure (4) and the abutment structure (5) are constructed, the abutment cap (53) or the pier cap beam (43) embedded part is embedded.

10. The construction method of a permanent- temporary reinforcement structure for excavating a small-clearance tunnel according to claim 9, characterized in that, In the step S10, the bridge deck (1) is constructed, and the bridge deck pavement adopts the same structure as the existing highway.

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