734 results about "Load testing" patented technology

The invention provides a frequency converter dynamic fault diagnosis method and system based on a multi-brand load test platform. According to the method, multiple real-time operation parameter sets are acquired, the amplitude attenuation threshold and the frequency fluctuation interval of a voltage waveform fragment are dynamically adjusted according to a load mode configuration file, the dynamic voltage reference parameter corresponding to the current load mode is generated, and then the actual waveform and an expected current phase curve are compared frame by frame; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating to obtain a phase offset, then constructing a multi-dimensional operation characteristic spectrum, then carrying out time sequence cross validation on a sudden change time node of a power factor jump trajectory and an abnormal waveform position in a harmonic distortion incidence matrix, outputting an abnormal mode code, and finally, matching a load adaptation grade constraint condition to generate a diagnosis report; according to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the fault diagnosis precision and the cross-brand system adaptation capability in a complex load scene are remarkably improved, and the problem of misjudgment of a single brand threshold rule in a multi-device scene is effectively solved.

The invention discloses a bridge beam plate load testing device for road and bridge construction, and belongs to the technical field of bridge beam plate detection. The device comprises the following modules: an intelligent multi-point collaborative loading module for realizing multi-point synchronous dynamic loading of a beam plate so as to simulate various traffic load conditions; the multi-modal sensing and data acquisition module is used for acquiring dynamic response data of the beam slab in an omnibearing manner; the central control module is used for coordinating and managing the work of each module, processing dynamic response data in real time and dynamically optimizing a test strategy; the self-adaptive safety protection module monitors the health state of the beam slab in real time, predicts potential risks and takes active prevention measures; the environmental simulation and compensation module simulates the influence of various environmental conditions on the beam slab and compensates the interference of environmental factors on a test result in real time; the artificial intelligence data analysis module evaluates the performance of the beam slab and predicts the service life of the beam slab; and the augmented reality interaction and visualization module provides a visual user interface and visualizes the test process and result in real time.

The invention discloses a high-availability testing method and system for task scheduling of a computing power host management platform, belongs to the technical field of high-availability testing of computers, and aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, high-concurrency scene testing coverage rate is insufficient, cross-domain scheduling, failover and self-healing scene verification are imperfect, and testing efficiency is high. According to the technical scheme, the method structurally comprises the steps of hybrid load testing, wherein the elastic capacity expansion and contraction capacity and the performance stability of a system are verified by simulating a long-time stable load and burst flow scene; cross-regional intelligent scheduling: tasks are dynamically scheduled based on cost, time delay and regional strategies, and optimal resource allocation and service continuity are ensured; resource fault migration recovery: simulating node-level or region-level faults, and verifying the automatic detection, migration and recovery capabilities of the system; monitoring and data collection: collecting affairs, resources and stability indexes in real time, and providing multi-dimensional data support for verification; and analysis and optimization: identifying a bottleneck based on test data to generate optimization suggestions, and continuously improving the high availability of the system.

The invention relates to the technical field of database capacity evaluation, in particular to a method for dynamically evaluating database capacity. The technical problems that in the prior art, a method for evaluating the capacity of a database may only pay attention to the current or short-term data volume, the possibility of future data increase is ignored, evaluation on the performance of the database may not be comprehensive or deep enough, and consequently capacity configuration cannot meet the performance requirement are solved; according to the technical scheme, the method for dynamically evaluating the database capacity comprises the steps that a prediction model is constructed, future storage requirements and load changes are predicted based on historical data, a machine learning algorithm is used for analyzing a use mode, resources are dynamically adjusted, and the resources are automatically increased or decreased according to the requirements; according to the method, by estimating the data growth rate and reserving the extra space, it is ensured that capacity configuration can meet future service requirements, and database performance is comprehensively evaluated and optimized by means of load testing, scene simulation and user behavior analysis.

The invention discloses a battery capacity performance testing method and device and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of battery capacity performance testing. By constructing a dynamic load model and a multi-load test protocol and combining a high-precision data acquisition and filtering algorithm, adaptive data analysis and a machine learning regression model, the problems of difficulty in balancing precision and efficiency, large data acquisition error, fixed test protocol and the like in the traditional battery test are solved; by dynamically adjusting test parameters and environmental conditions, complex working conditions of the battery in actual use are accurately simulated, meanwhile, dynamic updating and optimization of a test protocol are achieved, the test precision, the data reliability and the test efficiency are remarkably improved, and a comprehensive, efficient and high-adaptability solution is provided for battery performance evaluation and health management.

The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, and provides a dynamic load test method and device for a chiplet, and the method comprises the steps: collecting transient heat flux data generated by the chiplet in a multi-frequency load switching process to generate a thermal dynamic behavior map, calculating a thermal coupling interference index map according to the thermal dynamic behavior map, and carrying out the testing of the dynamic load of the chiplet according to the thermal coupling interference index map. And inputting the thermal coupling interference index diagram into a preset thermal stability mapping matrix, and generating a small chip dynamic load behavior evaluation parameter group. By inputting the transient heat flux data into the preset thermal stability mapping matrix to generate the small chip dynamic load behavior evaluation parameter group, the thermal stability and the overall performance of the small chip are improved, and the problem that in practical application, the prior art depends on single thermal monitoring data, and thus the reliability of the small chip is improved is solved. And when the load switching frequency is relatively high or the load disturbance is relatively large, the potential thermal coupling interference and the influence of the potential thermal coupling interference on the system performance cannot be accurately identified.

The disclosure relates to systems and methods for automated performance testing in a containerized environment. For example, a system may invoke one or more PTSs (PTSs) that each manage a respective type of performance test, such as a load test, a stress test, and a soak test. Each PTS may instantiate one or more dynamic clusters in a container to execute performance test scripts that execute operations to conduct the performance test. The PTS may estimate a testing capacity of each dynamic cluster so that the load during testing does not exceed those limits. The dynamic clusters may perform client-side load balancing that approximates real-world load profiles to more accurately simulate real-world loads based on user behaviors that would occur throughout a test session. The system may use logging and metrics from a diverse set of services that monitor target systems during the automated performance test.

The invention relates to the technical field of motor testing, and provides a motor loss separation testing method, device and system and a readable storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: determining no-load iron loss of the motor at a corresponding rotating speed measuring point according to a mechanical torque and a dragging torque of the motor at each rotating speed measuring point; determining the load iron loss of the motor according to the simulation analysis and the actual load test; determining the loss of a motor body according to the motor operation parameters of the motor at the rotating speed measurement point; determining stray loss of the motor according to the alternating current side electric power; and no-load iron loss, load iron loss, motor body loss, stray loss and assembly iron loss are respectively output. Separation testing of the motor loss is achieved, the motor loss obtained through the separation testing can provide a reliable basis for design and optimization of the motor, and therefore the performance of the motor can be improved.

The invention discloses a dynamic load simulation test method and device for a warping winch, and relates to the technical field of warping winch simulation tests.The method comprises the steps that historical working condition data associated with a target working scene of the warping winch is retrieved, and a typical load working condition set is analyzed and constructed; obtaining design working condition information, and constructing a design load intensity sequence based on a mapping rule; traversing the intensity sequence, and performing matching in the typical working condition set to generate an initial test sequence; random disturbance is applied to N typical load working condition sections, iterative optimization is carried out through an optimization algorithm, and an iterative test sequence is obtained; and smoothing the load switching points of the sequence, inputting the load switching points to a simulation test device, and executing a dynamic load test. Therefore, the technical effects of diversification of test scenes, simplification of parameter setting, improvement of the matching degree with actual working conditions and enhancement of test accuracy are achieved.

The invention discloses a heat dissipation detection system and method of a liquid cooling server, electronic equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the technical field of electric digital data processing. The heat dissipation effect of the liquid cooling server is evaluated through induction data generated by the strategy load simulation module, related evaluation content is displayed after evaluation, and the problems that in the related technology, extreme scenes are difficult to cover, the adaptability of heat dissipation design is affected, induction data under dynamic load changes are difficult to capture in real time, and the efficiency is high are solved. The technical problems that time delay errors exist in evaluation results, high-load testing easily accelerates equipment aging and even possibly causes cooling liquid leakage and other potential safety hazards exist are solved, full coverage of load scenes is achieved, reliability of detection results is guaranteed, real service flow is replaced, the testing period can be shortened, hardware loss is reduced, and application and popularization are facilitated.

The invention discloses a solid state disk load testing method and system, electronic equipment and a medium, and relates to the technical field of data processing. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring IO request feature data of the solid state disk in a plurality of application scenes; performing feature classification on the IO request feature data, and performing redundancy elimination processing on various data features after feature classification through a segmented compression algorithm to obtain a load feature fingerprint database; extracting a target fingerprint of the target application scene from the load feature fingerprint database, and generating a data access thermodynamic diagram according to the target fingerprint; based on the data access thermodynamic diagram, dividing the benchmark test load into a cold data stream and a hot data stream, and executing read-write operation on the cold data stream and the hot data stream to generate a mixed load sequence; and loading the mixed load sequence to a plurality of physical areas of the to-be-tested solid state disk in parallel, and executing a performance test to obtain a test result of the to-be-tested solid state disk. By implementing the technical scheme provided by the invention, the effect of improving the accuracy of the solid state disk load test is achieved.

The invention discloses a microcomputer host aging test method and system, and relates to the technical field of computer performance tests.The microcomputer host aging test method comprises the steps that to-be-tested equipment is connected to a test system, system standby test is conducted, and initial reference data are collected; constructing an aging prediction model and optimizing a model training strategy in combination with course learning and transfer learning; and performing a host preheating test and a high-load test by using AIDA64 based on a prediction result, synchronously operating a Heven Benchmark tool, and testing the graphic processing capability of the computer. The method combines a radial basis function neural network aging prediction model, carries out model training through curriculum learning and transfer learning, intelligently analyzes the CPU / GPU degradation trend, combines a quantum random number generator to generate a random load mode, simulates load fluctuation in an actual application scene, and improves the test trueness. In addition, a BIOS optimization strategy is provided to realize intelligent aging prediction and optimization regulation and control, so that the long-term stability and the service life of the microcomputer host are improved.

The invention discloses a bolt guarantee load testing method based on ultrasonic waves, which comprises the following steps: pasting a ceramic patch on the head of a bolt, and measuring the length change of the bolt before and after loading by using the ultrasonic waves to judge whether the bolt meets the guarantee load requirement, and comprises the following steps: firstly, measuring the initial length L0 of the bolt; a guarantee load is applied according to the GB / T3098.1 standard and kept for 15 seconds, the length L1 of the bolt is measured again after unloading, and if the difference value of L1 and L0 is within the range of + / -5 microns, the bolt is judged to be qualified; otherwise, increasing 3% of the load for retesting; according to the method, the contact error of traditional mechanical measurement is avoided, the measurement precision is improved, and a more accurate and convenient technical means is provided for quality control of high-requirement fasteners.

The invention discloses a safety-type automobile generator load testing device and testing method, and relates to the technical field of generators, the safety-type automobile generator load testing device comprises a bottom plate, four corners of the bottom plate are provided with mounting holes, the bottom plate is fixedly connected with a support, the support is fixedly connected with a pair of side rods, and the side rods are fixedly connected with the bottom plate. The other ends of the pair of side rods are fixedly connected with first shaft seats, the bottom ends of the first shaft seats are fixedly connected to the bottom plate, the side rods are slidably connected with first pulleys, the first pulleys are rotatably connected to side plates, the side plates are fixedly connected to a supporting plate, the top face of the supporting plate is fixedly connected with a pair of supporting plates, and the supporting plates are fixedly connected to the bottom plate. The top ends of the pair of supporting plates are fixedly connected with a top plate. The device is reasonable in structure, the power generator on the object placing table is fixed through the fastening assembly, then the power generator on the object placing table is moved to one side of the frame body through the limiting assembly, and load testing is conducted on the power generator through the testing assembly on the frame body.

The invention relates to the technical field of cable detection, in particular to a cable load testing machine for power strip production, which comprises a load testing machine body, a testing connector body is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the front surface of the load testing machine body, and a mounting seat is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the front surface of the load testing machine body below the testing connector body. The outer wall of the top of the mounting seat is in movable contact with an integral pressing plate; the device has the beneficial effects that an upper pressing shell can drive an arc-shaped clamping plate to move downwards along with the upper pressing shell through downward movement of a sliding plate, so that the arc-shaped clamping plate fixes a power strip cable, and when the power strip cables of the same size are tested, only the arc-shaped clamping plate needs to be adjusted during primary use, so that the test efficiency is improved; the problem that the distance between the arc-shaped clamping plate and the power strip cable needs to be repeatedly adjusted when the power strip cable of the same size is tested is avoided, the time for fixing the power strip cable is correspondingly saved, and therefore the efficiency for fixing the power strip cable is improved.

Disclosed is a rapid load test method for a pile by use of a method resulting from extending a well-known SULP method, wherein a rapid load test is implemented on a pile head more than once in the manner of changing a drop height h of a weight, with the pile instrumented with strain gages and accelerometers at more than one depth level, followed by the processing of obtaining a rapid load Frapid-pile displacement w relation for each pile segment for each time of the rapid load test using measurement data measured by the strain gages and the accelerometers, of obtaining a soil resistance Rsoil-pile displacement w relation on each pile segment for each time of the rapid load test, of calculating an unloading point that can be a point of maximum displacement of the pile, together with an unloading point load RULP at that moment, and of obtaining a static soil resistance Rw-pile displacement w relation on each pile segment by use of an Unloading Point Connection method using the calculated unloading point and unloading point load RULP for each time of the rapid load test. Accordingly, an analysis on a load-displacement relation is performed by use of a load transfer method with respect to the whole pile, using a nonlinear model of the thus obtained soil resistance on each pile segment.

The invention relates to the technical field of testing, in particular to a performance testing method and device for an FOTA cloud platform, a server and a medium, and the method comprises the steps that a target testing type and corresponding testing parameters are acquired, and the testing type comprises concurrent testing and pressure load testing; mapping a target scene library based on the test parameters to generate a target test scene, and creating a plurality of simulation clients based on the test parameters, the simulation clients being used for simulating vehicles; and generating a target task based on the target test scene, issuing the target task to a plurality of simulation clients, sending a task request to the FOTA cloud platform by the simulation clients, and executing a corresponding task based on a task instruction issued by the FOTA cloud platform to complete the performance test of the FOTA cloud platform. Therefore, the problems that in the prior art, only single testing can be achieved, and a real peak scene cannot be simulated are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of bolt detection, and discloses a bolt combination load testing device and method.The bolt combination load testing device comprises a base, a support is fixed to the base, a torsion detection assembly is arranged in the base, and a tension assembly is installed on the support; the torsion detection assembly comprises a torsion detection block and a worm wheel rotating disc, an auxiliary fastening part and at least two limiting sliding plates are movably arranged in the torsion detection block, and the limiting sliding plates are matched with the worm wheel rotating disc. Under the joint influence of the tension load and the torsion load, the torque performance of the bolt in different tension states can be analyzed by recording the tension and torque data, so that the performance of the bolt under the combined load is evaluated, the stress condition under the actual working condition can be more accurately simulated, and the problem that the bolt cannot be accurately tested during independent detection is effectively avoided. Errors may occur in detection results due to some factors.

The invention discloses a test run frame of an electric roller, and relates to the technical field of electric rollers, the test run frame comprises a frame plate, the lower side of the frame plate is fixedly connected with supporting legs, the upper side of the frame plate is provided with a first sliding groove, the inner side of the first sliding groove is slidably connected with a reciprocating plate, and the upper side of the reciprocating plate is fixedly connected with two top blocks; a test platform is rotatably connected between the two top blocks, two placement blocks are fixedly connected to the upper side of the test platform, and an electric roller body is arranged on the upper sides of the two placement blocks. According to the test run frame of the electric roller, through the arrangement of the frame plate, the test platform, the electric roller body, the conveying belt and the balance weight disc, load testing can be conveniently conducted on the electric roller body, and through the bearing plate, the sliding plate, the impact plates, the two-way screw, the swing rod and the toothed plate, the impact plates on the two sides can be conveniently tested and controlled to repeatedly impact the balance weight disc to generate vibration; the operation condition of the electric roller during material vibration can be simulated conveniently, and the testing authenticity is improved.

The invention discloses an automatic multi-channel solid-state relay testing device, and belongs to the technical field of electrical element detection and intelligent manufacturing testing. The device comprises an insulation and voltage resistance test module, a direct current function test module, an alternating current function test module, an automatic load test module and an MES execution management module. The device has the advantages of complete testing functions, high precision, high automation degree, wide adaptation range and the like, and is suitable for delivery inspection and life verification of various solid-state relays.

The invention discloses a distributed load test system and method. The system comprises a user operation interface which is configured to receive a pressure measurement task and generate a task request based on the pressure measurement task; the cluster scheduling module is configured to distribute a test task corresponding to the task request to a plurality of load-balanced working nodes of the distributed load test platform based on a task concurrency demand; and the test execution management module is configured to execute the distributed test tasks by utilizing the working nodes to generate test data. The technical problem that the prior art has defects in the aspects of cluster scheduling, centralized management, test result processing, real-time monitoring and the like is solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge testing, and discloses a bridge beam plate load testing device for road and bridge construction, which comprises an underframe frame and a testing frame, the underframe frame and the testing frame are connected through at least four shock absorbers, the testing frame is internally provided with a bearing assembly for bearing a to-be-tested bridge beam plate, and the bearing assembly is connected with the shock absorbers. A main sensor is arranged above the bearing assembly, and a main testing mechanism used for carrying out load testing on the bridge beam plate during bearing is arranged at the top of the bottom frame. According to the bridge beam plate load testing device for road and bridge construction, the two testing pieces are driven by the driving piece, the two testing pieces can be matched with the load piece to carry out vertical load testing work on a bridge beam plate, and the two testing pieces can be matched with the auxiliary testing mechanism to carry out lateral load testing work on the bridge beam plate; load testing work in multiple aspects is achieved, and the functionality and practicability of the load testing device are further improved.

The invention discloses a load simulation test device for a permanent magnet motor, which belongs to the technical field of motor testing and comprises a test board, a mounting table is mounted on the test board, the permanent magnet motor is mounted on the mounting table, and a load test box is mounted at the top, close to the permanent magnet motor, of the test board. A controller is installed at the top, close to the load test box, of the test board, an air cylinder is arranged to drive a movable rod to move, and when the movable rod moves, an end cover plate can be driven to rotate through cooperation of a longitudinal limiting groove, a spiral limiting groove, a fourth gear, a second tooth groove, a limiting block and other parts; when the end cover plate rotates, a guide rod can be driven to move through cooperation of an inclined extrusion groove and a sliding groove, when the guide rod moves, a first magnet can be driven to be close to or away from a second magnet to adjust the loading force of the permanent magnet motor, and the loading force of the permanent magnet motor can be conveniently adjusted according to needs.

The invention provides a passive device testing method, device and equipment and a readable storage medium. The passive device testing method is applied to the passive device testing device and used for testing transmission parameters of a passive device, the passive device testing device comprises a testing alternating current source and a testing load, and the testing alternating current source is used for transmitting testing alternating current electric energy to the testing load through the passive device. The passive device test method comprises the following steps: controlling to conduct a transmission path between a test alternating current source and a passive device, controlling to disconnect a transmission path between a test load and the passive device, and obtaining a first group of test parameters of the passive device; and controlling to disconnect a transmission path between the test AC source and the passive device, controlling to connect a transmission path between the test load and the passive device, and obtaining a second group of test parameters of the passive device. And determining transmission parameters of the passive device at least according to the first group of test parameters and the second group of test parameters. According to the invention, the transmission parameters of the unknown passive device of the internal circuit can be obtained.

The invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation testing, in particular to a test pile load testing method and a loading structure, and the method comprises the following steps: testing preparation: establishing a real-time data acquisition link; graded loading: graded loading: collecting pile top settlement-time sequence data in real time at the load holding stage of the current load stage; self-adaptive load holding judgment: calculating a settlement convergence trend based on settlement data acquired in real time under the current load level; if the prediction model judges that the settlement is fully converged under the current load level, directly entering the next load level without waiting for the settlement rate to be reduced to a fixed threshold value; if the prediction shows that the settlement cannot be converged or tends to be damaged, triggering damage early warning and turning to a damage treatment flow; continuously detecting, namely repeating the step of graded loading and the step of self-adaptive load holding judgment until a preset maximum test load is reached or damage is triggered; and evaluation: evaluating the bearing capacity of the pile foundation. The test efficiency is improved, and the intelligent degree is improved.

The invention discloses a motor testing device for a robot, and relates to the technical field of motor testing for robots, and the motor testing device comprises a control cabinet, a testing platform, a locking device, a torque rotating speed sensor, a shaking simulation part, a load testing group and an adjusting part. Efficient detection of the motor for the robot with the body is achieved through cooperation of the shaking simulation component, the load testing assembly and the adjusting component, the shaking simulation component drives the motor to shake, the amplitude is changed under the action of the adjusting component, the stability of the motor is detected by simulating the bumping state, and the load testing assembly applies variable friction resistance. Loads are increased or decreased through the adjusting part, the actual use condition is flexibly simulated, the adjusting part can synchronously or separately adjust the shaking amplitude and the resistance application size, the complex environment is accurately simulated, shaking and load testing are fused, the testing convenience and accuracy are improved, the motor quality is efficiently controlled, and potential safety hazards of the motor for the robot are found in advance.

The invention discloses a multi-mode fusion power semiconductor module full-automatic detection system and method, relates to the technical field of semiconductor testing, constructs a multi-topology loading module, and realizes mechanical load testing under a frequency converter working condition, electrical load simulation under a grid-connected working condition and static electrical parameter testing. And covering dynamic and static performance detection of the module in a multi-application environment. A multi-source temperature monitoring and weighted fusion technology is introduced, and precise regulation and control of local junction temperature, surface temperature and radiator temperature of the module are realized. Dynamic switch characteristics are extracted from various collected data through wavelet transformation, and module failure probability prediction is completed in combination with a Weibull life model. Automation of whole-process data analysis and detection report generation is achieved, and the test efficiency and the evaluation intelligent level are improved. The method is suitable for multi-scene performance evaluation and reliability analysis of the power semiconductor module.

A time synchronization method for a wireless load testing system includes two stages: a stage of constructing a wireless sensor network system and a stage of suppressing communication delay to achieve precise network-wide time synchronization. The method employs a relative skew estimator based on Bayesian estimation theory to suppress the effect of time delay in wireless communication, thereby enhancing the estimation accuracy of the relative skew estimator while reducing memory requirements. By applying the average consensus protocol, high-precision network-wide time synchronization is achieved, and the overall method enhances the robustness to time delay and has higher accuracy. The method solves the problems of reduced time synchronization accuracy and time synchronization failure of partial sub-nodes due to time delay of the traditional time synchronization algorithms in complex spatial layout.

The invention discloses a universal torque and linear force loading test mechanism and a control method, belongs to the field of steering engine loading test, and aims at solving the problem that an existing steering engine loading test mechanism is single in function. The mechanism comprises a test motor and a test steering engine, the output end of the test motor is sequentially connected with the output ends of a first dynamic torque sensor, an adapter shaft and the test steering engine, and a PID controller is electrically connected with the test motor and the first dynamic torque sensor; or the output end of the test motor is sequentially connected with the output ends of the first dynamic torque sensor, the screw rod of the ball screw mechanism, the screw sleeve of the ball screw mechanism, the second dynamic force sensor and the test steering engine, and the PID controller is electrically connected with the test motor and the second dynamic torque sensor. The input current of the test motor is adjusted in real time through the PID controller, the output torque of the mechanism can be accurately controlled, the output torque linearly reaches the expected torque, and the test precision is high.

The utility model discloses a photovoltaic module load testing device, which relates to the technical field of quality verification of photovoltaic modules and comprises a bin body, a mounting plate, comprehensive ballast cylinders, a pressure sensor and a pressure sensor. The output end of the full ballast air cylinder faces downwards and is fixedly connected with the ballast plate, the multiple single-point ballast air cylinders are evenly and fixedly arranged between the two ends of the mounting plate, and the supporting frame is located in the bin body and arranged below the mounting plate. The whole upper surface of the photovoltaic module to be tested can be ballasted through the comprehensive ballasting air cylinder and the ballasting plate, high-precision comprehensive load testing is achieved, no gap exists in ballasting of the photovoltaic module, and no testing error exists; when a single-point load test needs to be carried out on the photovoltaic module, the single-point ballast cylinder can be utilized to pass through the through hole of the ballast plate to carry out the load test on a point position, which needs to be measured, of the photovoltaic module.