1370 results about "Ion migration" patented technology

The invention provides a self-maintenance system based on single storage battery operation state difference monitoring, which comprises a distributed monitoring module array, each monitoring unit comprises a multi-parameter fusion sensor group, and the distributed monitoring module array is used for acquiring the voltage fluctuation frequency spectrum, temperature gradient distribution, internal resistance change track and electrolyte ion migration rate of a single battery in real time; and the dynamic difference evaluation module is used for processing the multi-dimensional time sequence data by adopting a time sequence convolutional neural network and calculating the operating state difference degree among the monomers. Through the distributed monitoring module array and the multi-parameter fusion sensor group, multi-dimensional data such as the voltage, the temperature, the internal resistance and the electrolyte ion migration rate of the single batteries are collected in real time, and the operation state difference between the single batteries can be accurately quantified in combination with the time sequence convolutional neural network and the dynamic difference evaluation algorithm. Abnormal monomers are effectively identified, and a reliable basis is provided for a subsequent maintenance strategy.

The invention discloses an alkaline battery capable of improving low-temperature discharge performance and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a positive electrode ring: preparing a positive electrode material from metal-doped composite manganese dioxide, an adhesive and a potassium hydroxide solution; s2, preparing negative electrode zinc paste, mixing and ball-milling nano zinc powder, indium powder and gallium powder into alloyed zinc powder, adding a composite conductive additive, a composite binder and a low-temperature-resistant additive, and stirring and dispersing to form the negative electrode zinc paste; s3, sleeving the positive electrode ring into the steel shell, inserting a diaphragm and injecting electrolyte; and S4, injecting negative electrode zinc paste, and packaging to obtain a finished product. According to the negative electrode zinc paste, the zinc utilization rate can be increased through nano zinc powder alloying, meanwhile, the freezing point is reduced through the low-temperature-resistant additive, and the reaction efficiency and fluidity of the negative electrode zinc paste at the low temperature are improved; ethylene glycol in the electrolyte is combined with nano zirconium dioxide, so that the stability and the ion migration capability can be improved, the discharge performance of the alkaline battery under a low-temperature working condition is improved, and the service life of the alkaline battery under the low-temperature working condition is prolonged.

The invention discloses a storage battery charging control system and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of storage battery charging, and the control method comprises the following steps: firstly, comprehensively obtaining multi-modal sensing data from a storage battery; preprocessing the obtained original data, and extracting key features beneficial to identification of lithium ion migration blocking from the preprocessed data under a detection window; and inputting the extracted features into a pre-learned deep learning model, and carrying out intelligent assessment on the lithium ion migration blocking risk in the storage battery charging process through the deep learning model. Multi-modal sensing data and a deep learning model are utilized, the lithium ion migration blocking risk is accurately identified, an electrochemical polarization rapid change factor and an electrode dynamics non-equilibrium factor are extracted to generate a deposition index and classify the deposition index, a charging strategy is dynamically adjusted, high-current charging is carried out during normal migration, and current is reduced during blocked migration. Lithium deposition and dendritic crystal risks are reduced, efficiency and safety are improved, and the service life of the battery is prolonged.

The invention relates to the technical field of solid-state batteries, in particular to oxyhalide solid-state electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: taking molten salt LiaMbXc as a raw material, reacting with an oxide AdOf in a molten state, removing steam impurities by utilizing a high-temperature vacuumizing mode, and cooling to prepare the oxyhalide solid electrolyte; according to the invention, the molten salt raw material is molten at high temperature to form the ion melt, and the oxygen element is introduced to replace part of halogen, so that the hardness of the target electrolyte is reduced after cooling, the deformability at room temperature is improved, and the obtained electrolyte is high in conductivity and wide in antioxidant electrochemical window. The prepared oxyhalide solid electrolyte is used for preparing a positive electrode, the adhesion force between the electrolyte and positive electrode material particles, the actual microscopic contact area and the ion migration rate are improved through melt permeation, the problem of a positive electrode interface is effectively relieved, and the electrochemical performance of an all-solid-state battery is improved.

The invention discloses a method for passivating a perovskite solar cell by using diphenylamine ammonium salt and a derivative thereof, and belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells. According to the method, diphenylamine ammonium salt and a derivative thereof are introduced as an interface modification layer of perovskite through a solution spin-coating process, so that in-situ passivation is realized. The diphenylamino ammonium salt and the derivative thereof can effectively reduce surface defects of perovskite, passivate uncoordinated lead ions, supplement iodine vacancies, significantly reduce non-radiative recombination of a perovskite layer and promote charge extraction by virtue of unique properties of the diphenylamino ammonium salt and the derivative thereof, so that the open-circuit voltage and fill factors of the perovskite solar cell are improved. Meanwhile, large-volume ammonium cations can be gathered on a crystal boundary, so that the defect of the crystal boundary is filled, and ion migration is inhibited. In addition, after passivation, moisture can be effectively prevented from invading the three-dimensional perovskite structure, and the humidity stability and the storage stability of a cell device are remarkably improved. The invention aims at improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell and realizing the long-term stability of the device performance.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a novel ionized water gel-based moisture power generation material. The material is composed of a carbon coating fabric, ionized water gel and a patch metal electrode. Wherein the nano carbon black is used as a conductive filler of the hydrogel and can enhance electric energy output by promoting functional group dissociation and ion migration. The high-hygroscopicity sea salt in the hydrogel can enhance the capture and transmission capability of the material on water molecules in the atmosphere, and ensures the continuous power output capability of the moisture power generation material. Due to the design of the zigzag dry-wet interface, the wettability between the hydrogel and the carbon black coating can be improved, the moisture absorption rate is increased, the contact area is increased, and therefore the power generation power is improved. The metal patch electrode can ensure the stability of long-term power generation of the material, and can be customized to reduce the contact resistance. A moisture power generation device prepared from the material can be used as a passive energy supply device and is suitable for the fields of self-powered sensors, wearable electronic equipment and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of analysis of physical and chemical properties of soil, in particular to a dry farming soil fertility rapid detection and fertility improvement method, which comprises the following steps: sorting a colloidal phase and a dissolved phase of a humic acid complex based on density difference and dielectric property difference through a gradient centrifugation and dielectrophoresis enriched physical field synergistic separation technology; a two-channel detection time sequence is optimized by adopting a genetic algorithm, a non-overlapping time sequence signal flow is generated by taking a signal interference suppression ratio as a fitness function, and time domain cross interference is suppressed. A programmable resistance-capacitance compensation model is constructed, parallel capacitor array parameters are dynamically adjusted to correct electrochemical phase angle offset, and a three-dimensional fertility distribution curved surface and a residual map are generated in combination with a Kriging interpolation model. On the basis of residual spectrum spatial distribution characteristics, a cross-linked slow-release system is deployed to improve the organic matter binding capacity of a humic acid deficiency area, a mesoporous zeolite-based passivator is applied to regulate and control an ion migration path, a closed-loop feedback mechanism is formed through dynamic phase response monitoring, and accurate detection and directional remediation of soil fertility are achieved.

The invention discloses a self-energy-supply multi-mode sensing electronic skin based on ionic gel heterojunction array integration and a preparation method and application of the self-energy-supply multi-mode sensing electronic skin. The electronic skin adopts a multi-layer composite structure design and comprises an electrode array layer, a silver paste connecting layer, a nano material doped ionic gel array layer and a pure ionic gel continuous layer, and passive self-energized work is realized through a space ion migration effect at a heterogeneous gel interface. The method is characterized in that the design of a multi-layer flexible composite structure is adopted, space-time coded light, temperature, pressure and humidity four-mode stimulation can be synchronously converted into electroneurographic signals, and a collaborative identification strategy of response intensity dynamic range and synaptic learning / delay time difference is utilized; and high-precision decoupling of the multi-source signals is realized in combination with a classification decision tree algorithm. The electronic skin has the characteristics of flexibility, deformation, environment self-repairing and bionic synapse, and geometrical characteristics of a reconfigurable target source are fused through time-space domain multi-modal data.

The invention provides a high-stability lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode materials, and the method comprises three steps of preparation of a homogeneous precursor, solid-state mechanical fusion doping and coating, and high-temperature sintering; a lithium-rich manganese-based precursor is prepared by adopting a homogeneous coprecipitation process, uniform distribution of metal ions is ensured, then an aluminum source, a zirconium source and a fluorine source are introduced as doping agents, phosphate and a titanate coating agent are combined, doping and coating integrated treatment is realized through mechanical ball milling, and the lithium-rich manganese-based composite material is obtained. And finally, mixing with a lithium source in an argon atmosphere, and carrying out high-temperature sintering of temperature programming and staged heat preservation to form a stable composite coating layer in situ. Therefore, manganese ion migration is effectively inhibited through lattice doping, a layered structure is prevented from being converted into spinel or rock salt phase, meanwhile, a nanoscale ion / electron transmission channel is constructed, interface impedance is reduced, and the charging and discharging efficiency under high voltage is improved.

The invention discloses a composite separation membrane for enriching < 6 > Li isotope and application. The composite separation membrane comprises a functional membrane and at least one supporting membrane; the functional film comprises a plurality of pore channels penetrating through the first surface and the second surface of the functional film, and the pore channel diameter of each pore channel is 0.4-0.7 nm; a lithium ion trapping functional group or a macrocyclic compound and a derivative thereof are modified at an inlet of the first surface of the pore channel. The strength of the lithium isotope separation effect depends on the diameter of a pore channel of the composite separation membrane and functional groups modified at an inlet, does not change along with the migration time and the lithium ion migration proportion, and has long-term continuous stability.

The invention discloses a pulse electroplating detection method, a pulse electroplating device and equipment, and the method comprises the steps: synchronously collecting transient current density data of a three-pole assembly in a pulse switching time window, and calculating a time derivative of a current density ratio to obtain electrochemical stress gradient data; performing space-time correlation analysis on the stress gradient data of the continuous pulse period, and tracking a spatial propagation trajectory of stress anomaly; a key monitoring area is determined according to the propagation trajectory, and ion migration impedance sensitivity distribution is detected through micro-amplitude current modulation; performing multi-dimensional coupling analysis on the stress gradient, the propagation trajectory and the impedance sensitivity data, and identifying time sequence correlation characteristics of stress evolution and ion anomaly; and performing quantitative evaluation and grade division on the electrochemical state of the avoidance area based on the coupling correlation characteristics. According to the scheme, early recognition and predictive evaluation of the ion migration abnormity of the boundary layer of the avoidance area can be realized in the pulse electroplating process, and the electroplating quality control precision and the process stability are remarkably improved.

The invention relates to a composite solid electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the composite solid electrolyte comprises the following steps: S1, mixing an inorganic filler and a fluorine-containing compound, and reacting at 70-90 DEG C under an acidic condition to obtain an inorganic filler wrapped by a fluorinated layer; then adding a fluorine ion complexing agent and a silane coupling agent for reaction to obtain a modified filler; adding a thermal decomposition type cross-linking agent into the polymer, and carrying out melt blending to obtain a cross-linked polymer; s2, uniformly mixing the modified filler, a cross-linked polymer, a lithium salt and a solvent to obtain a plurality of slurries containing the modified filler with different volume concentrations; and molding the slurry to prepare the composite solid electrolyte. According to the method, the fluorinated layer and the siloxane network are constructed step by step, so that the interface impedance is reduced, and efficient dissociation of the lithium salt is promoted; a three-dimensional network structure is combined, so that the tensile strength is improved; the modified filler is further designed in a gradient manner to improve the lithium ion transference number.

The invention discloses an electroplating quality monitoring method, device and equipment for an MLCC capacitor and a medium, and relates to the technical field of MLCC capacitor electroplating. The electroplating quality monitoring method comprises the following steps: firstly, acquiring coating microstructure and ion migration data by adopting X-ray tomography and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technologies, and performing defect classification in combination with appearance detection data; electroplating process parameters are obtained, and a multi-dimensional feature library is constructed through principal component analysis. Then based on a defect classification result and a feature library, training an improved random forest model to realize multi-defect prediction, screening key process parameters through sensitivity ranking, and establishing defect-parameter association; and then constructing an attribution model to analyze an influence mechanism of process parameters on defects. In actual production, real-time process parameters are input into the prediction model for online quality monitoring; and when defects appear, reversely tracing cause parameters through an attribution model. According to the method, a system of data acquisition, feature fusion, real-time monitoring and defect tracing is formed, and the electroplating quality can be effectively monitored.

The invention discloses a perfluoropolyether blended PEGDE-based solid electrolyte and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium metal battery solid electrolyte materials. Adding SnCl4 and TAA into the nanocellulose precursor solution, stirring, carrying out suction filtration, and drying to obtain a SnS2 (at) NC support layer; and mixing and stirring PEGDE, LiDFOB, LiTFSI and PFPE to obtain PEGDE-based solid electrolyte slurry, coating the SnS < 2 > (at) NC supporting layer with the PEGDE-based solid electrolyte slurry, and performing in-situ polymerization in a drying oven to obtain the PEGDE-based solid electrolyte. The ultrathin perfluoropolyether blended PEGDE-based solid electrolyte prepared based on PEGDE in-situ polymerization and perfluoropolyether blending and in combination with nanocellulose enhancement has the advantages of stable anode interface, high mechanical strength, high decomposition voltage and high ion transference number.

The invention discloses a pole piece and a preparation method thereof, a battery and a power utilization system. The pole piece comprises a current collector and an active material layer which are arranged in a laminated manner, the active material layer comprises a plurality of active particles, and the active material layer is further provided with first pores and second pores; the aperture R1 of the first pores and the aperture R2 of the second pores meet the following conditions: 0.05 * D50 < = R1 < 0.65 * D50, 0.65 * D50 < = R1 < = 10 * D50, D50 is the median particle size of the plurality of active particles, and the unit of R1 and R2 is nm. Through the pore distribution structure with matched size, the wettability of the electrolyte in the active material is improved, so that the migration path of ions in the pole piece is optimized, the overall internal resistance of the battery is reduced, and the power performance, the fast charging performance and the low-temperature performance of the pole piece are further improved on the basis of improving the ion mobility.

The invention belongs to the field of perovskite solar cells, and particularly relates to application of a bulk phase and interface synergistic passivator in a perovskite solar cell. The invention provides a bulk phase / interface synergistic passivation innovative strategy, molecules with a tricyclic sulfur-nitrogen heterocyclic ring structure are introduced as a synergistic passivator, and defect global repair of each functional layer of a device is realized. The molecular design of the structural derivative taking phenothiazine as the core has the following advantages: skeleton characteristics: a conjugated tricyclic system forms an electron transport network through pi-pi stacking, endows molecules with excellent electron delocalization ability, and effectively regulates and controls carrier kinetics; the thioether group is used for dynamically repairing an ion migration channel through oxidation-reduction activity and inhibiting formation of deep-energy-level defects; and the secondary amine group is used as a hydrogen bond donor for anchoring uncoordinated halide ions and synchronously passivating surface and grain boundary defects.

The invention provides a preparation method of a laminated cell, the laminated cell and a photovoltaic module, and can be widely applied to the photovoltaic technical field, the preparation method of the laminated cell comprises the following steps: providing a bottom cell, and forming a composite layer on the bottom cell; a first transmission layer is formed on the composite layer, and a skeleton layer is formed on the first transmission layer through double-source evaporation; wherein a first evaporation source of the double-source evaporation comprises inorganic cesium salt, and a second evaporation source of the double-source evaporation comprises inorganic lead salt and inorganic rubidium salt; coating organic salt on the framework layer to form a perovskite layer; forming a second transmission layer and an electrode on the perovskite layer to obtain a laminated cell; wherein carriers of the first transmission layer and the second transmission layer are different. The framework layer is formed through double-source evaporation, the proportion is better controlled, through rubidium and lead, a positive effect can be generated on crystallization, stress release and the like of perovskite in the crystallization process, part of rubidium salt can be combined with PbI2 decomposed on the surface, ion migration is reduced, and the device stability is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic paste, in particular to copper electrode paste for an NTC thermistor and a preparation method and application of the copper electrode paste. A copper electrode slurry for an NTC thermistor comprises copper powder, an inorganic glass binder, an organic carrier and a dispersant, the inorganic glass binder comprises CuO and NiO, and the organic carrier comprises a polymer thickener. The copper electrode slurry can be coated on the surface of an NTC thermistor ceramic substrate through a silk-screen printing method, can be used as a metallized conductive layer after being sintered in nitrogen, is used for temperature measurement, temperature compensation, temperature control components and the like, and is wide in application. The copper electrode slurry for the NTC thermistor provided by the invention can be sintered in nitrogen at 550-650 DEG C, and has the advantages of wide sintering interval, good sintering appearance, excellent welding performance and strong adhesive force. After sintering, the ohmic contact is good, so that the prepared NTC thermistor can truly reflect the resistance value of a substrate, and the phenomenon of ion migration is avoided.

The invention discloses a cellulose derivative doped perovskite active layer, a preparation method thereof and a perovskite solar cell, and relates to the technical field of solar cells, and the preparation method comprises the steps: dissolving PbI2, PbBr2, CsI, MABr, FAI and MACl in a solvent to obtain a mixed solution; adding HPMCP into the mixed solution to obtain a perovskite precursor solution; and in a protective gas atmosphere, spin-coating the perovskite precursor solution on a substrate, dropwise adding chlorobenzene in the spin-coating process, and heating the substrate after spin-coating to obtain the perovskite active layer. The method has the beneficial effects that the leakage of lead in perovskite is effectively inhibited by utilizing the physical wrapping effect of HPMCP and the strong coordinate bond effect and hydrogen bond effect of perovskite, the quality of a perovskite active layer thin film can be improved, grain boundary defects are effectively passivated, ion migration is inhibited, and good optical performance is achieved; the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the environmental stability of the halogen hybrid perovskite solar cell device are effectively improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of an intrinsically safe polymer electrolyte and a solid-state battery thereof, and belongs to the field of preparation of solid-state lithium metal batteries. The solid polymer electrolyte is of a 1M (xA + yB) + (z1C + z2D) type, x accounts for 14-15 wt%, y accounts for 1-2 wt%, z1 accounts for 70-72 wt%, z2 accounts for 11-12 wt%, A and B are lithium salts, C is a fluorine-containing monomer, D is a cross-linking agent, the fluorine-rich monomer, the cross-linking agent and the lithium salts are mixed, no electrolyte is added, an in-situ thermal polymerization method is adopted to prepare the intrinsic safe solid polymer electrolyte with high safety and high voltage resistance, and meanwhile, the electrolyte is of a three-dimensional chain network structure. Therefore, the safety performance of the electrolyte is effectively enhanced, the migration activation energy of lithium ions is reduced, and the ionic conductivity is improved. The core problems that an existing traditional battery is poor in safety performance, poor in high-voltage tolerance, large in interface impedance, out-of-control in lithium dendrite growth and the like are solved.

According to the portable seawater desalination device provided by the scheme, a miniature magnesium air battery is used as a power supply, and a [Fe (CN6)] < 4-> / [Fe (CN6)] < 3-> redox medium is added into a cathode chamber and an anode chamber of an electrodialysis unit to form a high-concentration redox electrolyte, so that the current density and the ion migration rate are improved. A magnesium electrode is adopted as an anode and cooperates with a miniature magnesium air battery, the electrochemical environment is optimized, efficient and high-water-recovery-rate seawater desalination is achieved, seawater can be stably desalted into fresh water (TDS is smaller than or equal to 1000 mg / L) meeting the drinking water standard, and the seawater desalination device is suitable for outdoor exploration, emergency and other scenes.

The invention relates to the field of paper for aluminum electrolytic capacitors, and discloses a preparation method of a high-liquid-absorption high-voltage electrolytic capacitor diaphragm. The whole diaphragm is prepared from high-beating-degree and high-purity insulating softwood pulp, so that high unit thickness voltage resistance can be ensured. The adopted preparation method is a continuous drying mode, the drying efficiency is higher than that of a gap drying mode, after the fibers are formed through a fourdrinier wire, heating drying is firstly adopted, and then freezing decompression drying is adopted, so that fine pore structures among the fibers can be effectively increased, the high voltage resistance of the diaphragm is reserved, and the liquid absorption performance of the diaphragm is also greatly improved; therefore, ion moving resistance is reduced and diaphragm internal resistance is reduced.

The invention provides a modified sulfide solid electrolyte and a preparation method and application thereof.The modified sulfide solid electrolyte comprises lithium thioborate crystals, composite grain boundaries are contained between the lithium thioborate crystals, and lithium iodide is contained in the composite grain boundaries. The structures of crystal lattices and composite crystal boundaries in the modified sulfide solid electrolyte are stable, so that the lithium ion migration capability of the modified sulfide solid electrolyte can be improved, and the ionic conductivity of the modified sulfide solid electrolyte is obviously improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a preparation method of an interface-modified high-rate lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, which is used for solving the problems of low interface impedance, low rate capability and low energy density of the existing lithium iron phosphate. According to the preparation method, zirconium-niobium co-doped iron phosphate is used as a precursor of the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, a lithium ion diffusion channel is widened, the lithium ion diffusion coefficient is improved, meanwhile, an olivine structure framework is provided, a wider tunnel space is provided for lithium ion migration, zirconium-niobium provides additional electrons, and the electron conductivity is improved through cooperation of the zirconium-niobium co-doped iron phosphate and the olivine structure framework; li2ZrCl6-LiCl interface modification can isolate sulfide electrolyte from being in direct contact with a positive electrode material, and interface side reaction is inhibited; carbon nanotube coating can enhance the conductivity, reduce erosion, improve the diffusion coefficient of Li < + > and the stability of the material structure, and improve the charge-discharge rate.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material through an electrostatic self-assembly technology, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery negative electrode materials. According to the invention, lignin is used as a biomass carbon source and lauryl sodium sulfate (SDS) and poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) are used as activators through a simple electrostatic self-assembly technology; a proper amount of nano silicon and PDDA are subjected to in-situ adsorption, and lignin and SDS are subjected to in-situ adsorption; a self-assembly process is carried out through the positive and negative charge attraction effect among colloidal particles, so that effective compounding of the nano silicon particles and the biomass carbon is realized; and performing vacuum drying, and performing one-stage sintering in a tubular furnace to obtain the silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material. Based on the problems of non-uniform particle size, easy agglomeration and great abrasion of a silicon-carbon composite material in a traditional mechanical synthesis technology, the invention improves the compounding efficiency of the silicon-carbon material and improves the problems of volume expansion of a silicon negative electrode, slow migration rate of lithium ions, poor cycle performance and the like.

The invention relates to a preparation technology of ceramic hollow spheres, and discloses a method for preparing ceramic hollow spheres by adopting a gel microsphere ion migration method, which comprises the following steps: firstly, dropwise adding a sodium alginate solution mixed with dye into a calcium chloride or aluminum chloride solution for curing and cross-linking to obtain alginate gel spheres with strength; the alginate gel beads are used as a calcium ion carrier and a hollow microsphere template; immersing the prepared alginate gel ball in ceramic slurry until the ceramic slurry is cured and crosslinked on the surface of the alginate gel ball to form a complete ceramic shell layer; and drying the alginate gel balls in a drying box to obtain a hollow ceramic green body with certain strength, and sintering the green body at high temperature to obtain the ceramic hollow balls. The production of harmful gas in the ignition loss process of the organic foam is reduced, and meanwhile, the ceramic slurry and the gel ball template are easily combined, so that the complexity in the production process is reduced.

A method of separating ions based on mobility is provided. The method involves receiving ions by an ion mobility spectrometry device having a separation region, and causing the ions to travel through at least a portion of the separation region in a first direction along a path and separate based on ion mobility. The method further involves causing the separated ions to maintain a relative degree of separation therebetween and travel in a second direction along the path while maintaining the relative degree of separation therebetween. The second direction being opposite to the first direction. The ions are then caused to travel in the first direction along the path a second time to further separate the ions based on ion mobility. An ion mobility spectrometry device performing the foregoing method is also provided.

The present invention relates to the technical field of solar cell packaging, and in particular, to a packaging layer structure of a perovskite solar cell module and a packaging method therefor. The packaging layer structure is obtained by means of a vapor deposition method, has a simple process flow, is easy to manufacture, and reduces the production costs. The uppermost second inorganic layer of a perovskite solar cell module achieves the effect of blocking oxygen, and a protection layer between the second inorganic layer and a metal electrode layer achieves the effect of protecting the structure and efficiency of a device. A first inorganic layer is provided between an electron transport layer and the metal electrode layer, so as to inhibit the increase in the defect state density and non-radiative recombination caused by internal ion migration, thereby increasing an open-circuit voltage, and thus playing a positive role in improving the energy conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell module, and also blocking water. In addition, for a perovskite cell module packaged using the packaging method provided in the present invention, the stability of water and oxygen is greatly improved, and the working stability of the perovskite cell module is also improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of electrochromic devices, in particular to an interface-enhanced gel-based electrochromic device and a preparation method thereof. The interface enhanced gel-based electrochromic device comprises a bottom electrode layer, a first modification layer, a gel electrolyte layer, a second modification layer, an electrochromic layer and a top electrode layer which are arranged in sequence, wherein the first modification layer and the second modification layer are independently modification layers based on catechol or derivatives thereof. According to the interface-enhanced gel-based electrochromic device, the excellent ion migration characteristic of the hydrogel electrolyte is utilized, and the strength and toughness of the electrolyte can be improved. The gel electrolyte layer based on the structure provided by the invention has excellent interface bonding force, and is convenient for ions to quickly migrate under the driving of an external field, so that the electrochromic device has excellent cycling stability.

The invention provides a method and a system for predicting the durability of an underwater non-dispersible concrete structure, and relates to the technical field of material engineering. Respectively measuring an anti-permeability vector consisting of an unsteady state chloride ion migration coefficient, an anti-permeability grade and an oxygen permeation coefficient, a freezing resistance vector consisting of a mass loss rate and a dynamic elastic modulus retention rate, and a corrosion resistance vector consisting of a mass change rate in a sulfate environment, the dynamic elastic modulus retention rate and a corrosion rate in a carbonic acid environment; a fitting formula among impermeability, freezing resistance and corrosion resistance is constructed based on a known high-durability concrete sample, and by calculating the decoupling degree of each vector combination of the concrete sample relative to the high-durability concrete sample, multi-parameter collaborative evaluation and accurate prediction of the durability of the concrete structure are realized.